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电动感应门设计

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I

摘 要

单片机SCM(Single Chip Microcomputer)，即MicroController，是把微型计算机主要部分都集成在一个芯片上的单芯片微型计算机。主要包括了微处理器(CPU)、存储器(ROM、RAM)、输入/输出口(1/0口)和定时器/计数器、中断系统等功能部件。单片机自20世纪70年代问世以来，以其极高的性能价格比，受到人们的重视和关注，应用很广、发展很快。而51单片机是各单片机中最为典型和最有代表性的一种。

本次设计是红外线自动门控制系统，使用红外线传感器作为感应器，检测到人体辐射的红外线能量变化，将其转化为电信号，传给单片机。交流电机作为门驱动装置。通过单片机控制交流电机，使门自动打开，当人进门后又可以使门自动关闭。本课题主要实现红外线检测和基于AT89C51的单片机控制系统。

关键词：单片机 热释红外线传感器 AT89C51 BIS0001芯片II

Abstract

Single chip SCM ( Single Chip Microcomputer ), namely MicroController, is the main part

of micro computer are integrated on a chip and single chip microcomputer. Includes a

microprocessor ( CPU ), memory ( ROM, RAM ), input / output port ( 1 / 0 ) and counters / timers,

interrupt system and other functional components. SCM since the nineteen seventies since, with its

high cost performance, by the people's attention and concern, a very wide application, development

is very rapid. While the 51 SCM is the most typical and the most representative one.

The design of infrared automatic door control system, an infrared sensor is used as a sensor,

detecting the infrared radiation of human body energy change, transforming it into an electrical

signal, transmitted to the single chip microcomputer. AC motor as the door driving device. Through

the MCU to control the AC motor, so that the door opened automatically, when the person after the

door and can make the door is automatically closed. This topic mainly realizes the infrared detection

based on AT89C51 and single chip microcomputer control system.

Key words: single chip pyroelectric infrared sensor AT89C51 BIS0001 chIII

目 录

摘 要··························································································································· I

Abstract ························································································································ II

第1章 绪论············································································································ 1

1. 1电动感应门的发展历史················································································ 1

1. 2电动感应门研究背景···················································································· 1

1.3国内外的研究概况及发展趋势····································································· 2

第2章 系统整体方案设计························································································ 3

2.1系统功能要求································································································· 3

2.2系统设计指标································································································· 3

2.3系统方案设计概述························································································· 3

2.4本章小结········································································································· 3

第 3 章 系统的硬件电路研究与设计···································································· 4

3.1 热释红外传感器的原理和使用·································································· 4

3.2 BISS0001芯片介绍和典型电路 ································································ 6

3.2.1 BISS0001的内部： ············································································· 6

3.2.3 BISS0001工作原理 ············································································· 7

3.3 AT89C51单片机简介 ··············································································· 10

3.3.1 AT89C51主要特性： ······································································11

3.3.2 AT89C51管脚说明： ········································································ 12

3.3.3振荡器特性：····················································································· 14

3.3.4芯片擦除：························································································· 14

3.4步进电机······································································································· 14

3.4.1步进电动机有如下特点: ··································································· 14

3.4.2反应式步进电机················································································· 15

3.4.3 反应式步进电动机的步进原理························································ 16

3.4.4驱动控制系统组成············································································· 18

3.4.5 脉冲信号的产生与分配···································································· 18

3.5本章小结······································································································· 19

第4章 系统软件设计···························································································· 20

4.1 系统软件结构······························································································ 20

合集下载

电动感应门设计

电动感应门设计

I

摘 要

单片机SCM(Single Chip Microcomputer)，即MicroController，是把微型计算机主要部分都集成在一个芯片上的单芯片微型计算机。主要包括了微处理器(CPU)、存储器(ROM、RAM)、输入/输出口(1/0口)和定时器/计数器、中断系统等功能部件。单片机自20世纪70年代问世以来，以其极高的性能价格比，受到人们的重视和关注，应用很广、发展很快。而51单片机是各单片机中最为典型和最有代表性的一种。

本次设计是红外线自动门控制系统，使用红外线传感器作为感应器，检测到人体辐射的红外线能量变化，将其转化为电信号，传给单片机。交流电机作为门驱动装置。通过单片机控制交流电机，使门自动打开，当人进门后又可以使门自动关闭。本课题主要实现红外线检测和基于AT89C51的单片机控制系统。

关键词：单片机 热释红外线传感器 AT89C51 BIS0001芯片II

Abstract

Single chip SCM ( Single Chip Microcomputer ), namely MicroController, is the main part

of micro computer are integrated on a chip and single chip microcomputer. Includes a

microprocessor ( CPU ), memory ( ROM, RAM ), input / output port ( 1 / 0 ) and counters / timers,

interrupt system and other functional components. SCM since the nineteen seventies since, with its

high cost performance, by the people's attention and concern, a very wide application, development

红外感应自动门设计

红外感应自动门设计

中州大学毕业设计

题目：红外感应自动门设计

姓名：XXXX

班级：XXXXXXX

学号：XXXXXXX

指导老师：XXXX

日期：XXXXXXX

2 前言

自动门开始在建筑物上使用，是在二十世纪年以后。二十年代后期，美国的超级市场的开放，自动门开始被使用。1930年，美国史丹利率先推出世界上第一樘自动门（此史料记载于纽约时报）。其后，世界第一自动门品牌多玛在1945年将油压式、空气式自动门广泛推向市场，新建大楼的正门也开始使用了。到了1962年，电气式已开始出现，之后伴随着城市的建设，自动门技术的领域每年都在增加。当初，用供给建筑物用电源进行电动机的速度控制很难，只好进行油压、空压速度控制，转换但因能源利用效率很低，然而伴随着电气控制的技术发展，现在电气控制技术已经成熟，直接控制电动机的电气式自动门逐渐成为主流。例如：各种用可识别控制的自动专用门，如：感应自动门（红外感应,微波感应,触摸感应,脚踏感应）、刷卡自动门等。

门一般包括固定部分即门框，和一个或一个以上的可开启部分即门扇，其动能主要是允许和禁止出入。自动门除了上述功能外，尚有以下功能：

（1）门的启闭机械化、自动化，运行安全可靠。门的启闭实现了电机驱动，大大减轻了出入门的劳动强度和通行效率。由于采用了先进的控制技术和安全保护措施，使出入自动门更加安全可靠。

（2）门的密闭性能和节省能源的性能。自动旋转门无论转到哪个位置对门外都是敞开的，对门内都是关闭的，因此能减少热量损失，减少尘土的侵入，增加了密闭性，节省了能源。其他型式的自动门由于能快速自动关闭门并能调节门扇开启宽度，也增加了其密闭性和节省能源的性能。

（3）自动门增强了建筑物装饰美化功能。由于自动门广泛采用了新设计、新装饰材料和新的加工工艺，其造型和结构与建筑物会更协调、更匹配、增强了建筑物美化功能。

（4）自动门可以满足多种特殊功能。根据不同的应用场合和不同的需要有多种特殊功能的自动门应运而生。例如，多种形式的旋转门、可折叠的自动旋转门、折叠自动门、可伸缩的庭院自动门等。这些自动门都是为满足特殊需要而产生的。

电动门设计方案

电动门设计方案

电动门设计方案

电动门是一种现代化、方便实用的门控设施，广泛应用于商业建筑、医院、学校等公共场所。电动门设计方案的目的是通过科学合理的设计，提高门的使用效率、安全性和舒适度。

第一，电动门的基本原理是通过电机带动门体的开关动作。因此，电动门设计方案首先需要确定合适的电机类型和规格。一般来说，可以选择直流电机或交流电机，根据门的重量和尺寸确定合适的功率和扭力。同时，还要考虑到电机的噪音和能耗等因素，选择合适的电机以提高门的工作效率和使用寿命。

第二，电动门的控制系统是一个关键部分，它决定了门体的开关动作和安全性能。首先，应该考虑安装在门上的传感器类型和数量，以便准确检测到人员和物体的接近。比如，可以使用红外线传感器、超声波传感器或触摸开关等。其次，要设计一个智能化的控制系统，可以根据不同情况自动调整门的开关速度和力度，确保门的平稳运行并避免对人员和物体产生伤害。最后，还要考虑到电动门的应急功能，比如火灾时的紧急开启功能，以确保人员的生命安全。

第三，电动门的结构设计也是非常重要的。首先，要选择合适的门体材料和结构，以满足门的使用要求。比如，对于商业建筑来说，门体一般选择铝合金或钢材，以确保强度和耐久性。其次，要考虑到门的开启方式，可以选择滑动门、平开门或自动旋转门等，根据现场的空间和需求选择最合适的设计方案。最后，还要考虑到门的外观设计，使其与建筑物的整体风格相协调，提高美观度。

总之，电动门设计方案应该综合考虑电机、控制系统和结构设计等多个因素，以提高门的使用效率、安全性和舒适度。通过合理的设计和选材，可以确保电动门的稳定运行并满足不同用户的需求。另外，为了保证门体的长期使用寿命，还应该定期进行维护和检修，及时更换磨损的零部件，保持门的正常工作状态。

电动感应玻璃门方案说明

电动感应玻璃门方案说明

电动感应玻璃门方案说明

1、主控制器：它是自动门的指挥核心,通过内部编有指令程序的大规模集成块,发出相应指令,指挥马达或电锁类系统工作;同时人们通过主控器调节门扇开启速度、开启幅度等参数。

2、感应探测器:负责采集外部信号,如同人们的眼睛，当有移动的物体进入它的工作范围时，它就给主控制器一个脉冲信号;动力马达：提供开门与关门的主动力,控制门扇加速与减速运行。

3、门扇行进轨道：就象火车的铁轨，约束门扇的吊具走轮系统,使其按特定方向行进、滑动。门扇吊具走轮系统：用于吊挂活动门扇，同时在动力牵引下带动门扇运行。

轨道图

4、步皮带（或三角皮带）：用于传输马达所产动力，牵引门扇吊具走轮系统。下部导向系统:是门扇下部的导向与定位装置,防止门扇在运行时出现前后门体摆动。

电动感应门安装:

原理图

上下门轴必须在一个垂线上，玻璃门必须采用钢结构的横梁做骨架，上轴必须焊接在横梁上,因为上门轴是整个玻璃门的支撑点,必须要牢固,禁止采用上部横梁采用细木板木龙骨结构，因为上门轴与木制作结构连接点只能使用自攻螺丝固定连接，由于开门次数多,时间长了使上门轴容易脱落，造成危险。

预埋地弹簧时要在原地面剔凿一个长方形方坑,四周要大于地弹簧底座的10毫米,用于塞实高标号水泥砂浆，起到牢固的作用，建议地弹簧水泥凝固48h后按照玻璃门，安装好玻璃门地边要距地8—12毫米,预防玻璃门在下垂的时候摩擦地面。

地弹门的上下门轴要座于门框的核心，使玻璃门安装好以后也能座于门框的核心，起到美观的效果.安装好玻璃上门边要距横梁3-6毫米,预防门下垂时上门轴和门夹的连接件不至于脱离，还有一个细节问题要注意，门轴与门夹的部位要注入黄油，可以减少连接件的磨损，以延长使用寿命。

成品