大学英语四第二单元课文总结

全新版大学英语第四册课文及译文

1目录Unit1TextATheICYDefender................................................................2Unit2TextASmartCars............................................................................8Unit3TextAGetTheJobYouWant........................................................12Unit4TextAAmericaAsACollage........................................................17Unit5TextAAFriendinNeed.................................................................23Unit6TextAOLDFatherTimeBeesATerror........................................30Unit7TextATheNightmareAndTheDreams.......................................37Unit8TextAInTheJungl........................................................................44全新版大学英语第四册课文及译文

2Unit1TextATheICYDefenderText课文Theysaythatprideesbeforeafall.InthecaseofbothNapoleonandHitler,themanyvictoriestheyenjoyedledthemtobelievethatanythingwaspossible,thatnothingcouldstandintheirway.Russia'sicydefenderwastoprovethemwrong.俗话说骄者必败。以拿破仑和希特勒为例，他们所取得的许多胜利使他们相信一切皆有可能，没有什么能阻挡他们的道路。俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。THEICYDEFENDER冰冷的后卫NilaB,SmithIn1812,NapoleonBonaparte,EmperoroftheFrench,ledhisGrandArmyintoRussia.HewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomeland.HewaspreparedforthelongmarchacrossRussiansoiltoMoscow,thecapitalcity.ButhewasnotpreparedforthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow-theraw,biter,bleakRussianWinter.1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率领大军进入俄国。他对俄罗斯人民为保卫祖国而进行的激烈抵抗做好了准备。他准备长途跋涉穿越俄罗斯国土前往首都莫斯科。但他没有准备好面对在莫斯科遇到的毁灭性的敌人——俄罗斯寒冷、苦涩、荒凉的冬天。In1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,launchedanattackagainsttheSovietUnion,asRussiathenwascalled.Hitler'smilitarymightwasunequaled.HiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistanceinmostofEurope.Hitlerexpectedashortcampaignbut,likeNapoleonbeforehim,wastaughtapainfullesson.TheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers.1941年，纳粹德国领导人阿道夫·希特勒对当时被称为苏联的俄罗斯发动了进攻。希特勒的军事力量是无与伦比的。他的战争机器消灭了欧洲大部分地区的抵抗。希特勒期待的是一场短暂的战役，但就像之前的拿破仑一样，他得到了惨痛的教训。俄国的冬天再次帮助了苏联士兵。Napoleon’sCampaign拿破仑的战役Inthespringof1812,Napoleonassembledanarmyofsixhundredthousandmenonthe全新版大学英语第四册课文及译文

3bordersofRussia.Thesoldierswerewelltrained,efficient,andwellequipped.ThismilitaryforcewascalledtheGrandArmy.Napoleon,confidentofaquickvictory,predictedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeks.1812年春天，拿破仑在俄国边境集结了一支60万人的军队。士兵们训练有素，作战效率高，装备精良。这支军队被称为大军。拿破仑对速战速决充满信心，预计在五周内征服俄国。Shortlyafterwards,Napoleon’sarmycrossedtheNemanRiverintoRussia.Thequick.decisivevictorythatNapoleonexpectedneverhappened.Tohissurprise,theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight.Instead,theyretreatedeastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.TheGrandArmyfollowed,butitsadvancemarchsoonbecameboggeddownbyslow-movingsupplylines.不久之后，拿破仑的军队渡过涅曼河进入俄国。拿破仑所期望的迅速而决定性的胜利并没有发生。令他吃惊的是，俄国人拒绝抵抗。相反，他们向东撤退，沿途烧毁了庄稼和房屋。大军紧随其后，但其前进的步伐很快被缓慢移动的补给线所阻碍。InAugust,theFrenchandRussianarmiesengagedatSmolensk,inabattlethatleftovertenthousanddeadoneachside.Yet,theRussianswereagainabletoretreatfartherintoRussianterritory.Napoleonhadwonnodecisivevictory.Hewasnowfacedwithacrucialdecision.ShouldhecontinuetopursuetheRussianarmy?OrshouldhekeephisarmyinSmolenskfortheapproachingwinter?8月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，双方各有一万多人死亡。然而，俄国人再次能够撤退到俄罗斯领土的更深处。拿破仑没有取得决定性的胜利。他现在面临着一个至关重要的决定。他应该继续追击俄国军队吗?还是让他的军队留在斯摩棱斯克过冬?NapoleontookthegambleofpressingontoMoscow,448kilometersaway.OnSeptember7,1812,theFrenchandRussianarmiesmetinfiercebattleatBorodino,112kilometerswestofMoscow.Bynightfall,thirtythousandFrenchandforty-fourthousandRussianslaydeadorwoundedonthebattlefield.拿破仑孤注一掷，向448公里外的莫斯科进发。1812年9月7日，法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里的波罗底诺激战。夜幕降临时，三万名法国人和四万四千名俄国人或死或伤倒在战场上。Again,theRussianarmyretreatedtosafety.NapoleonhadaclearpathtoMoscow,buttheoccupationofthecitybecameanemptyvictory.TheRussiansfledtheircapital.SoonaftertheFrencharrived,aragingfiredestroyedtwo-thirdsofthecity.NapoleonofferedatrucetoAlexanderI,buttheRussianczarknewhecouldbidehistime:"WeshalllettheRussianwinter全新版大学英语第四册课文及译文

4fightthewarforus."俄军再次撤退到安全地带。拿破仑通往莫斯科的道路畅通无阻，但对这座城市的占领却成为一场空洞的胜利。俄国人逃离了首都。法国人到达后不久，一场熊熊大火烧毁了这座城市的三分之二。拿破仑向亚历山大一世提出停战，但沙皇知道他可以等待时机:“我们将让俄罗斯的冬天为我们作战。”Napoleonsoonrealizedhecouldnotfeed,clothe,andquarterhisarmyinMoscowduringthewinter.InOctober1812,heorderedhisGrandArmytoretreatfromMoscow.拿破仑很快意识到，他无法在冬天为他的军队提供食物、衣服和住所。1812年10月，他命令大军撤出莫斯科。TheFrenchretreatturnedintoanightmare.Fromfieldsandforests,theRusSianslaunchedhit-and-runattacksontheFrench.AshortdistancefromMoscow,thetemperaturehadalreadydroppedtominus4degreesCelsius.OnNovember3,thewinter’sfirstsnowcame.Exhaustedhorsesfelldeadintheirtracks.CannonbecamestuckntheSnow.Equipmenthadtobeburnedforfuel.Soldierstookillandfrozetodeath.TheFrenchsoldiersdraggedon,leavingthedeadalongeverymile.法国人的撤退变成了一场噩梦。俄国人从田野和森林向法国人发起打了就跑的攻击。离莫斯科不远的地方，气温已经降到了零下4摄氏度。11月3日，冬天的第一场雪来了。筋疲力尽的马倒在地上死了。大炮陷在了雪地里。设备必须燃烧作为燃料。士兵们生病冻死了。法国士兵拖着脚步前进，每一英里都留下死者。AstheRussianarmywasgatheringitsstrength,theFrenchhadtofleeRussiatoavoidcertaindefeat.AttheBerezinaRiver,theRussiansnearlytrappedtheretreatingFrenchbyburningthebridgesovertheswollenriver.ButNapoleon,byastrokeofluck,wasabletobuildtwonewbridges.ThousandsofFrenchsoldiersescaped,butatthecostoffiftythousanddead.OnceacrosstheBerezina,thetatteredsurvivorslimpedtowardVilna.随着俄国军队的壮大，法国人不得不逃离俄国，以避免必然的失败。在别列济纳河，俄国人烧毁了涨水的河上的桥梁，险些将撤退的法军困住。但是，拿破仑很幸运，他建造了两座新桥。成千上万的法国士兵逃脱了，但代价是5万人死亡。穿过别列济纳河，衣衫褴褛的幸存者一瘸一拐地向维尔纳走去。OfthesixhundredthousandsoldiersNapoleonhadledintoRussia,lessthanonehundredthousandcameback.TheweakenedFrencharmycontinueditsretreatwestwardacrossEurope.Soon,Britain,Austria,Russia,andPrussiaformedapowerfulallianceandattackedthesestragglers.InMarch1814,Pariswascaptured.Napoleonabdicatedandwentintoexile,hisempireatanend.在拿破仑率领的60万士兵中，只有不到10万人回来了。衰弱的法国军队继续在欧洲向西撤退。很快，英国、奥地利、俄国和普鲁士组成了强大的联盟，攻击这些掉队的国家。1814年3月，巴黎被占领。拿破仑退位流亡，他的帝国灭亡了。