2016届高三冲刺模拟试题英语说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
答案写在答题卡上，交卷时指教答题卡。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）ANo one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn’t make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows (犁), or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the firstmedium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention.A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercia l in today’s world. (478 words)1. What probably led to the start of advertisement?A. The discovery of iron.B. The specialization of labor.C. The appearance of new jobs.D. The development of farming techniques.2. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright __________.A. praised his plows in publicB. placed a sign outside the shopC. hung an arrow pointing to the shopD. showed his products to the customers3. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to __________.A. explain the origin of advertisingB. predict the future of advertisingC. expose problems in advertisingD. provide suggestions for advertising4. In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who __________.A. owned a shipB. had the loudest voiceC. ran a shop selling goods to farmersD. functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial5. The last two paragraphs are mainly about __________.A. the history of advertisingB. the benefits of advertisingC. the early forms of advertisingD. the basic design of advertisingBIt happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, ―a brilliantly （精彩地）written book‖. However, he then went onto talk about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s ―Report on Guilty Secrets‖, Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out), I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dick ens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven’t read him, but haven’t lied about it either) and Herman Melville.Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to ―impress‖ someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in–depth!But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J. K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).6. How did the author find his friend a book liar?A. By judging his manner of speaking.B. By looking into his background.C. By mentioning a famous name.D. By discussing the book itself.7. Which of the following is a ―guilty secret‖ according to the World Book Day report?A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.C. The author admitted having read 9 books.D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read.8. By lying about reading, a person hopes to .A. control the conversationB. appear knowledgeableC. learn about the bookD. make more friends9. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?A. Favorable.B. UncaringC. DoubtfulD. FriendlyCWe’ve considered several ways of paying to cut inline: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, ―First come, first served,‖ have an egalitarian(平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.The principle seems right on play grounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed b y different standards.Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: ―Your call will be answered in the order in which i t was received.‖ This is essential for the morals of the queue. It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered faster than others. Call c enter technology enables companies to―score‖ incoming call sand to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance.However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-marketways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcelynotice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumpingschemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues inthese places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.10. According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle―First come, first served‖?A. Taking buses.B. Buying houses.C. Flying with an airline.D. Visiting amusement parks.11.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates.A. the necessity of patience in queuingB. the advantage of modern technologyC. the uncertainty of allocation principleD. the fairness of telephonic services12.The passage is meant to __________________________.A. justify paying for faster servicesB. discuss the morals of allocating thingsC. analyze the reason for standing in lineD. criticize the behavior of queue jumpingDThe National GalleryDescription:The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entranceLayout:The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th- to 15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese.The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.The East Wing houses 18th- to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.Opening Hours:The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10am to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.Getting There:Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).13. In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?A. The 13th.B. The 17th.C. The 18th.D. The 20th.14. Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?A. In the East Wing.B. In the main West Wing.C. In the Sainsbury Wing.D. In the North Wing.15. Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?A. Piccadilly Circus.B. Leicester Square.C. Embankment.D.Charing Cross.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)Public Speaking and Critical ThinkingWhat is critical thinking？To a certain degree，it's a matter of logic(逻辑)—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people's arguments and to avoid them in your own.It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.In the broad sense，critical thinking is focused，organized thinking—the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas.__16__The greatest thinkers，scientists，and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.That，too，is critical thinking.__17__As the class goes on，for example，you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches.While this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械的)exercise，it is closely connected with critical thinking.If the structure of your speech is loose and confused，chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused.If，on the other hand，the structure is clear，there is a good chance your thinking is anizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have.__18__ What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking.__19__ As you work on expressing your ideas in clear，accurate language，you will approve your ability to think clearly and accurately.__20__As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class，you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class，you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances.This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.A．Rather，it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.B．This may seem like a lot of time，but the rewards are well worth it.C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world，only reorganized ideas.E．If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class，the answer is quite a lot.F．The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.G．As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making，you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
