外研版英语九年级下册第8单元备课参考
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Unit1《Here’s to our friendship 》教学设计【教学目标】1、知识目标:掌握本节课的主要词汇和句式,初步学习定语从句。
2、能力目标:培养学生的对话交流能力、运用基础知识造句能力。
3、情感目标:通过创设毕业生聚会情境,培养学生珍惜友谊、展望未来的情感。
【教学重点和难点】1、教学重点:初步学习定语从句和本节课的主要词汇、句式。
2、教学难点:对话交流、运用基础知识造句。
【教学过程】1、导入新课:创设毕业生聚会情境,激发学生的:通过提问的方式复习上节课所学的内容,引出本节课的主题。
(复习提问)⑴、大家就要毕业了,你有什么美好回忆?⑵、在毕业生聚会上,你打算说什么。
2、实施过程:第一步:(展示课件) Here’s to our friendship第二步:合作探究通过学生合作探究共同总结,提高学生的能力和合作探究能力。
n. (女用)小提包n. 强节奏int. [口语]对不起,请原谅v. 计划;打算v. (去)取来;拿来n.薄烤饼;薄煎饼第三步:学以致用HandbagbeatpardonintendfetchpancakeThe beat of the music was so fast that I couldn’t follow it.音乐节奏太快,我跟不上. (2)击败,打败,赢了……(某人)beat sb. .They beat us in the last match.拓展与对比:win ,赢了……(比赛,游戏).They won the last match.2. intend to do / doing sth. “打算做某事”e .g Finny intends to go to Australia next year if everything goes well.如果一切顺利的话,芬妮明年想去澳大利亚.What do you intend to do / doing this weekend?这个周末你想做什么?He intended his son for an engneer, but he became a teacher.他打算让他的儿子成为一名工程师,但他当了老师。
第一部分学习要求:学习目标:1、知识和技能目标1).话题:Plans and arragements2)语音:能够在使用从句时用正确的语音语调来达意。
3)词汇:学会正确使用本单元单词。
4)语法:复习宾语从句和定语从句。
5)功能:能够表达感谢等情感;能够为未来制定规划。
2、技能目标:1.能够读懂毕业聚会上的发言,判断说话人的感受,并评价其感受。
2.能够完成分别聚会发言稿的写作,说出自己的感受,表达谢意,并畅想未来。
3、学习策略:学会预习,学会合作。
4、情感、态度和价值观目标:通过学习,了解不同国家的人在分别时的不同表现;培养感恩之心,学会表达对他人的谢意。
学习重点:在实际运用中理解和正确使用宾语从句,能辨认和理解定语从句。
学习难点:在实际运用中理解和正确使用宾语从句,能辨认和理解定语从句。
学法指导:1.课前通过自学单词和预习课文,解决学案中的问题。
2.课上通过合作探究、展示交流,解决重难点。
3.课后自我总结归纳。
第二部分学习过程:宾语从句习题(一)()1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.A. tookB. takeC. takesD. will take()2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.A. has never goneB. had never goneC. has never beenD. had never been()3 The students want to know whether they___ dictionary today.A. hadB. hasC. will haveD. are()4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.A. could sheB. she couldC. she canD. she may()5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.名言警句:Well begun is half done. 好的开端是成功的一半。
2019-2020年九年级英语下册 Module 8 On the town教案外研版Teaching style:Listening and speaking.Teaching objectives:1. To learn and understand the topic words through talking and listening.2. To understand the conversation.3. To pare your school and Park school.Teaching points:1. Main points1) Key vocabulary: ---dialogue, line, nurse, recite, role, row, servant, bit,play the role of, superb, impressed, front.2) Key structures: ---Three hours is a long time to stay still.So they both decide to kill themselves.2. Difficult points: how to talk about things to do.Teaching method:PWP approachTeaching aids:Some flashcards, tape recorder, video picture etc.Teaching procedure:Step 1. RevisionGreetingsCheck the homework.Step 2. Presentation1. Work in pairs and look at the photo. Make students talk about what they can see.2. Play the tape. Make the students listen and answer the questions.Use the words and expressions to help.Step 3. Listen and readListen to the tape and answer the question: “what play did they see?”Then listen to the tape the second time, choose the best answer.Listen again and have a check.Make students read the conversation carefully, plete the sentences with their own words. The teacher has a check.Step 4. Pronunciation1. Play the tape. Let the students listen to the students and repeat.Underline the words they expect the speaker to stress.2. Then listen and check. As the students listen, say the passage aloud.Step 5. Speaking1. Make students think about listening to real English in films, songs or plays. plete these sentences in their own words.2. Students work in pairs and plete the sentences. Check with the partner. See if they plete the sentences in the same way.3. Make a list of advice ab out listening to real English. It’s hard to understand every word, but students can try to guess the main ideas.Step 6. Practice1. Work in pairs. Tell your partner your advice.2. Revise the words and structures in this unit. Then do some exercises.一、首字母填空1. Her mother works in hospital, she is a n______.2. I’m i______ by the story of Lei Feng.3. You must r______ the passage or you can’t do the exercises.4. It’s a best place sit in the front r_____whan you watch a match.5. Tony was a b______ hungry. He wanted something to eat.6. I was s________! Some bread, please.二、根据汉语完成句子1. 戏剧怎么样?___________?2. 扮演罗密欧和朱丽叶的演员棒极了!The actors who _______ ______ _______ ______Romeo and Juliet were superb! 3. 在后排看这戏剧很难。
外研版九年级下册英语《module 8 unit 1 here’’s toour friendship!》教学设计一. 教材分析《Module 8 Unit 1 Here’s to Our Friendship!》是人教版初中英语九年级下册的外研版教材。
本节课主要讨论友谊的重要性以及如何维护友谊。
通过本节课的学习,学生能够掌握如何描述友谊以及如何表达祝福。
教材内容丰富,包括听力、阅读、写作等多种技能训练,旨在全面提高学生的英语综合运用能力。
二. 学情分析九年级的学生已经具备一定的英语基础,对本学期的教材内容充满兴趣。
但部分学生在英语学习中存在听力和口语方面的困难,需要教师在教学中加以关注和引导。
此外,学生对本单元主题“友谊”可能有自己的理解和感悟,教师可以借此机会引导学生进行思考和分享。
三. 教学目标1.知识目标:学生能够掌握与友谊相关的词汇和表达方式,如“closefriends”,“keep in touch”等;能够理解课文内容,概括文章大意。
2.能力目标:学生能够运用所学生词和句型,进行简单的交流和描述;能够听懂、会说、会读本节课的主要内容。
3.情感目标:通过本节课的学习,学生能够认识到友谊的重要性,学会珍惜和维护友谊。
四. 教学重难点1.重点:学生能够掌握本节课的生词和短语,能够运用所学的句型进行简单的交流和描述。
2.难点:学生能够听懂、会说、会读课文中的长句和复杂句型,能够正确运用语法知识进行句子构建。
五. 教学方法1.任务型教学法:通过设置各种任务,引导学生参与课堂活动,提高学生的英语实际运用能力。
2.情境教学法:创设情境,让学生在真实的语境中学习英语,提高学生的学习兴趣。
3.情感教学法:引导学生关注友谊的重要性,培养学生的情感价值观。
六. 教学准备1.教师准备:提前备课,熟悉教材内容,设计教学活动和任务。
2.学生准备:预习教材,了解本节课的学习内容。
七. 教学过程1.导入(5分钟)教师通过提问方式引导学生谈论友情,如:“Do you have a best friend? What kind of person is he/she?”让学生分享自己的朋友和友谊的故事。
外研版九年级英语下册教学设计《Module 8 Unit 3 Language in use》一. 教材分析《Module 8 Unit 3 Language in use》主要围绕日常生活中的规则和指示展开,让学生学会如何读懂并遵守规则和指示。
本节课的主要内容包括:动词不定式的用法,规则和指示的表达方式以及如何进行有效的沟通。
本节课的语言知识点较为复杂,需要学生能够灵活运用所学知识进行实际操作。
二. 学情分析九年级的学生已经具备了一定的英语基础,对于动词不定式和日常交际用语有一定的了解。
但如何在实际情境中运用这些知识,将知识内化为自己的语言输出,仍然是他们的学习难点。
此外,学生的学习兴趣和动机对于英语学习的效果至关重要,因此,在教学过程中,需要充分调动学生的积极性,激发他们的学习兴趣。
三. 教学目标1.知识目标:学生能够掌握动词不定式的用法,理解规则和指示的表达方式,并能够运用所学知识进行实际交际。
2.能力目标:学生能够通过pr work, group work等形式,提高口语表达能力,学会如何进行有效的沟通。
3.情感目标:学生能够意识到遵守规则和指示的重要性,培养良好的社交习惯。
四. 教学重难点1.动词不定式的用法2.规则和指示的表达方式3.如何在实际情境中进行有效的沟通五. 教学方法1.情境教学法:通过设定各种生活情境,让学生在实际语境中学会运用所学知识。
2.交际法:通过pr work, group work等形式,让学生进行实际交际,提高口语表达能力。
3.任务型教学法:通过完成各种任务,让学生学会如何运用所学知识解决实际问题。
六. 教学准备1.教学课件:制作相关教学课件,帮助学生更好地理解教学内容。
2.教学素材:准备一些与规则和指示相关的图片和视频,用于教学展示。
3.练习题:准备一些练习题,用于巩固所学知识。
七. 教学过程1.导入(5分钟)通过展示一些生活中常见的规则和指示,如交通规则、学校规章制度等,引导学生思考规则和指示在日常生活中的重要性。
M8 My future lifeU1 Here’s to our friendship.教学设计一、课程标准:能够谈论自己的感受,发表感言;表达谢意。
二、教学目标:知识目标:掌握相关单词、短语,知识点。
能力目标:能听懂对话内容并掌握听力技巧;能够谈论自己毕业感受与计划,发表感言。
情感态度:能够表达自己未来计划及对他人的谢意。
三、教学重点难点:1.本单元单词,短语和知识点的用法2.能谈论毕业感受。
四、使用说明与学法指导:1. 大声诵读课文,勾画相关基础知识。
2. 在充分预习自学的前提下,认真完成预习学案。
3. 将预习中不能解决的问题标注出来,并填写到后面“我的疑问”处。
探究案一.新课导入1.播放我的大学生活和毕业晚会。
2.Work in pairs: Talk about your feeling when you graduate.(设计意图:通过观看我的大学生活和毕业晚会,引导学生进入情景,学生们再有两个月毕业,让学生谈论自己的感受,同时引入本课话题。
)二.听力训练(多层听)(一)Listen and answer answer.What does Lingling feel in the party?_________________________________________________________(二)Listen and choose the best answer.技巧提示:浏览问题,猜测对话内容,带着问题有目的地听,捕捉关键词。
1. Is Lingling enjoying the party?A. Yes,she isB. No,she isn’tC. We don’t know2. What does Tony intend to do?A. Stay in China for longB. Finish high school educationC. To be an English teacher3.What’s Daming’s plan?A. Stay in China for longB. Finish high school educationC. To be an English teacher(三)Listen and fill in the blanks.技巧提示:听前:提前浏览句子,预测所填词汇;听中:学会速记—用汉语或几个字母代替单词短语;听后:认真检查—拼写、词性、单复数等细节。
2021外研版英语九下Module8《Myfuturelife》word模块教案【教材分析】Module 8的要紧内容为运用宾语从句和定语从句来描述毕业生晚会上的对话和写作毕业晚会上的发言。
从全书来看,本模块是对往常宾语从句和定语从句的总结和运用,着重引导词的使用,让同学们通过课堂学习活动来把握其用法。
Unit 1 Here’s to our friendship!【教学目标】●Knowledge objective1. Words: handbag, beat, pardon, intend, fetch, pancake2. Expressions: intend to do sth, for long, even if●Ability objective能听明白和阅读关于介绍毕业生晚会的语言材料,能通过相关词汇和图片描述自己和他人的感受和打算;能编写关于毕业晚会的对话。
●Moral objective学会倾听他人毕业前的感受;感受同学之间的深厚友谊;培养对母校的热爱之情。
【教学难点】The use of “intend to do sth.”【教学方法】PWP method, task-based method and interactive approach【教学手段】A tape recorder, multimedia and some pictures【教学过程】Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Lead-inSs look at the pictures and answer the questions.How will you feel at the school-leavers’ party?What are you going to show for your classmates?Will you wear beautiful clothes to take part in the party?What do you want to say at the school-leavers’ party? Step 2 Consolidate new wordsLook and say. The teacher shows the pictures of new words and let the students to say as quickly as possible.handbag n.女用小提包beat n. 节拍,拍子pardon 请再说一遍intend v.打算,打算fetch v.取来,拿来pancake n.薄烤饼,薄煎饼Step 3 Look and sayLook at the pictures and answer the questions.1. What is the special event?2. What is everybody doing?Step 4 Listening1. Listen and answer the questions.Where is Betty going tonight?What are Betty and Tony going to do?Why does Betty refuse to eat before she leaves?2. Listen to Part 3 and answer the questions.Is Lingling enjoying the party?Who hang international flags on the wall?Step 5 Reading1. Read the dialogue and complete the notes.Their feelings __________________________The hall _______________________________The music _____________________________Their plans __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________The food and drink _________________________________________________________2. Read the passage again and answer the questions.1 Why is Lingling sad?2 What makes the hall look wonderful?3 What do they think of the music?4 What are Tony’s plans?5 What is on the menu?6 What do they wish for when they raise their glasses?Step 6 Complete the questions with the words in the box.1. Read the questions carefully.2. Complete the questions with the words in the box.future intend pancake pardon1 If you say ________, does it mean “Please say that again” or “I’m sorry”?2 Do you think a(n) _________ is something to eat or something to drink?3 If you ______ to do something, do you want to do it or not?4 Do you think the ______ will be better than the past?3. Ask and answer the questions in pairs.Step 7 Everyday EnglishLet Ss say the everyday English that they have learnt in the passage.•Pardon? 对不起,请原谅(用于礼貌要求别人重复自己没听清或不明白得的话)•I hope so. 在简略句中,表示期望某事发生•Good for you!(赞扬某人)真行,真棒•Here’s to …(祝酒词)为……的健康(或胜利)干杯•Cheers! 用作祝酒语, 意为“干杯”Step 8 Language pointsSs should master the main points from the passage in Part 3.If possible, let the students to say at first.1. That’s a nice handbag.handbag表示“(女用)小手提包”。
外研版英语九年级下册《Module 8 》说课稿一. 教材分析外研版英语九年级下册《Module 8》的主题是关于环境保护。
通过本模块的学习,学生将了解环境保护的重要性,认识到人类活动对环境的影响,并学会如何从自身做起,保护环境。
本模块的内容与学生的生活息息相关,能够激发学生的学习兴趣和参与度。
二. 学情分析九年级的学生已经具备了一定的英语基础,能够进行简单的听、说、读、写操作。
但是,对于一些复杂的环保相关词汇和句型,学生可能还比较陌生。
因此,在教学过程中,需要帮助学生建立起新旧知识之间的联系,提高他们的语言运用能力。
三. 说教学目标1.知识目标:学生能够掌握本模块的核心词汇和句型,了解环境保护的相关知识。
2.能力目标:学生能够运用所学知识进行简单的环保主题的听、说、读、写操作。
3.情感目标:学生能够认识到环境保护的重要性,树立环保意识。
四. 说教学重难点1.重点:本模块的核心词汇和句型的掌握。
2.难点:对于环保相关话题的深度理解和语言运用。
五. 说教学方法与手段1.教学方法:采用任务型教学法,通过设定各种环保相关的任务,引导学生参与学习过程。
2.教学手段:利用多媒体教学设备,如PPT、视频等,为学生提供丰富的学习资源。
六. 说教学过程1.导入:通过一个关于环境保护的短视频,引起学生的兴趣,并导入本模块的学习。
2.新课呈现:教师通过展示PPT,引入本节课的核心词汇和句型,并进行讲解和示范。
3.小组活动:学生分组进行讨论,运用所学知识进行环保主题的对话或短文创作。
4.实践环节:学生分角色扮演,进行环保主题的角色扮演活动。
5.总结环节:教师引导学生对所学内容进行总结,强化记忆。
七. 说板书设计板书设计要清晰、简洁,能够帮助学生理解和记忆本节课的核心内容。
可以采用关键词、思维导图等形式,将本节课的主题、词汇、句型等进行板书。
八. 说教学评价教学评价可以采用多种形式,如课堂参与度、小组活动表现、课后作业等。
外研版英语九年级下册Module8 unuit2教案I. Teaching Aims(a)Knowledge AimsMaster the following words: handbag, intend, fetch, kindness, bed sideMaster the following phrases: give up, try one’s bestMaster the following sentences: 1. A friend in need is a friend indeed; 2. You only really loseif you give up; 3. Love is about trust.(b)Ability aims(1) To develop the students’ abilities of listening, speaking, readingand writing.(2) To tr ain the students’ ability of task-reading.(3) To develop the students’ abilities of writing a speech.(c)Emotion Aims(1) Through different teaching methods to make students be more creativeand beinterested in study.(2) Learn to thank people who helped them in their lives, and don’t hesitateto say “thankyou”.1. The important points:(1) To learn some ke y words and useful expressions(2)To understand some useful sentences2. The difficult points:Be able to answer the questions about the passage, and try to write a speech for their own school-leavers’ partyII. Teaching proceduresStep 1. Warm-upStudents read the new words after teacher, and then give them a task about 7 to 8 key words, and ask them to recite within 1 minute. When time is up, check their outcome together.St ep 2. Lead-inPlay a song called “Yesterday Once More”, and have the students to sing along. Question: “when you hear this song, can you remember all the times you’ve spent together at school?” , then lead in the school-leavers’ party and the speech we’re going to learn.Step 3. Learning aims1.Students can read and understand the passage, and answer some questionsabout it.2.Students can know the meanings of the important words, phrases andsentences th rough the passage.3.Students can master the key phrases and sentences, and try to use them intheir own writing practice.Step 4. Reading1. Listen to the passage, and try to follow the passage silently. Then find the threeparts of it.2.Read the opening part by themselves, and then answer the questions on the PPT.3.Group-workRead paragraph 3 in groups and then answer the questions followed.4.Team-workGroup 1and 2, read paragraph 4; and group 3and 4 read paragraph 5.After that, ask students to answer the questions one by one.5.Read togetherAll stand up, and read the ending part together. Then play a game.III. ConsolidationGo over the beautiful se ntences they’ve learnt in this class, read and recite them quickly. Read the language points together and try to recite them quickly.IV. HomeworkSuppose that students are going to give a speech in their own s chool-leavers’ party, and try to write their own passage or just a thank-you letter. Please do remember to use the key phrases and sentences in the passage.。
外研版英语九年级下册第八单元Unit 1要点精讲1.…but three hours is a long time to stay still.但是一动不动的坐三个小时,时间太长了。
这里的three hours作主语,我们把它看成一个整体,所以后面的be动词是单数形式。
此外,表示“一段距离”,“一笔钱”的短语等做主语,谓语动词也用单数。
例如:Five years is needed to finish this task. 要完成这项工作需要五年的时间。
A million pounds in a large sum of money. 100万英镑是一笔巨款。
A hundred miles was covered in a single night. 一个晚上就走了100英里路。
2.What was the best bit?哪个片段最好?在本句中bit相当于part,意思是“部分,片段,小块”。
例如:I like the last bit of the film best. 我最喜欢这部电影的结尾部分。
The best bit of the holiday was seeing the Grand Canyon.假期中最精彩的部分是参观大峡谷。
3.A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life.一对不幸的恋人结束了自己的生命。
这里take one’s life,意思是“杀死某人”。
例如:The hunter came to help and took the wolf’s life. 猎人过来帮忙,把狼打死了。
4.Broadway is not just a street but an area of New York.百老汇不仅仅是一条街道,而是纽约的一个地区。
Broadway(百老汇)直译为“宽街”。
它是指纽约市中以巴特里公园为起点,由南向北纵贯曼哈顿岛,全长25公里的一条长街。
在百老汇大街汇集了众多闻名遐迩的剧院,随着剧院的发展壮大,这里的戏剧表演艺术取得了无与伦比的成就。
而今百老汇是美国现代歌舞艺术乃至美国娱乐业的代名词,每年都有几百万来自世界各地的游客到纽约欣赏百老汇的歌舞剧。
5.If you every come to New York in summer, remember to spend a day in Central Park watching a play by Shakespeare in the open air…要是夏天来纽约的话,一定记着要在中央公园呆上一天,欣赏一下莎士比亚戏剧的露天表演。
纽约中央公园位于曼哈顿的中央,于1873年建成。
其面积为340万平方米,占150个街区,有总长93公里的步行道、9000张长椅和6000棵树木。
园内设有动物园、运动场、美术馆和剧院等各种设施。
中央公园免费游览,每年游览人数达2500多万。
中央公园四季皆美,春天嫣红嫩绿、夏天阳光璀璨、秋天枫红似火、冬天银白萧索。
6.不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to + 动词原形”。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语。
不定式的逻辑主语有时有“for + 名词或代词宾格”构成。
不定式的用法1)作主语。
不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式宾语。
如:To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking.2)作宾语。
不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。
如:He wanted to go.I find it interesting to study history.有些动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语,必须跟动名词。
如:decide,plan,desire,expect,hope,wish,pretend,promise,refuse,afford,agree,ask,fail,tend,pretend,manage 3)作宾语补足语。
如:He asked me to do the work with him.注意:在feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。
但这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。
如:I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.注意:动词不定式在介词but后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。
另外,在can’t choose but和can’t help but 等后面的不定式也省略to。
如:She could do nothing but cry.I have no choice but to go.4)作定语。
如:I have some books for you to read.①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
如:He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
如:He had not money and no place to live.②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。
试比较:Have you anything to send?(你有什么东西要寄吗?——不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)Have you anything to be seat.[你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?——不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”]5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
如:I came here to see you. (目的)We were very excited to hear the news. (原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there. (结果)To look at him,you would like him. (条件)目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示但so as to不能置于句首。
如:In order to pass the exam,he worked very hard.We ran all the way so as not to be late.不定式也可以在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。
如:I am very glad to hear it.The question is difficult to answer.“too + 形容词或副词+ 不定式”作状语。
如:He is too old to do that.另外,句子中有enough这个词时,常用不定式作状语。
例如:The room is big enough to hold us.6)作表语。
如:My job is to help the patient.7)作独立成分。
如:To tell the truth,I don’t agree with you.8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
如:He didn’t know what to say. (宾语)How to solve the problem is very important. (主语)注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
例如:Why not have a rest?9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式,多数情况下是容易判断的,但有时的确比较复杂,请注意以下几点:①不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。
如: Have you got a key to unlock the door?(A key unlocks the door. )②不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式。
I have got a letter to write. (I write letter. )He needs a room to live in. (He lives in a room. )I know what to do. (I do what. )但这句如改为下列形式,不定式就得用被动形式:I know what is to be done.这是因为what is to be done是宾语从句,从句中的主语what是动词do的动作对象。
③不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式,这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 。
如:He is hard to talk to. (to talk to him)The book is difficult to understand. (to understand the book)④在there be结构中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式;如果说话人强调的事情本身必须完成,则用被动形式。
There is a lot of work to do. (Somebody has to do the work. )There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的:There is nothing to do. (无事可做,感到十分乏味。
)There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了,无法使之恢复正常。
)典型例题【例1】—Excuse me. Where is the Hope Cinema?—Go up this road to the end. Go ______ the bridge and you’ll find it.A. crossB. crossingC. acrossD. down【答案】C【解析】go across=cross,意思是“穿过;走过”。