轻松听 轻松说 (下册)Unit5 Work-part 1

UNIT 6Is Kelly There?Making and Answering a Phone CallIntroductionMany new developments are happening in the world of telecommunications. Although new telecom services such as paging, telefax and E-mail are offered in many places around the world, the telephone is still the most commonly used communication technique in our everyday lives. However, many people who speak English as their second language find using the telephone a frightening, or at least an uncomfortable, experience, simply because they don’t know the sort of English that could help them to answer an English phone call and to make telephone calls in English. As an English learner, do you feel that you have a need to improve your active and passive ability when making phone calls in English? If you do, the material in this unit is suitable for you. The aim of this unit is to provide up-to-date and relevant practice material for developing your skills in comprehending phone calls and making calls both for general and for business purposes.Answers to the Questions:1.The telephone is the most commonly used technique in telecom services.2.Because they don’t know the sort of English that could help them to answer an English phone call and to make telephone calls in English.3. The aim of this unit is to provide up-to-date and relevant practice material for developingyour skills in comprehending phone calls and making calls both for general and for business purposes.Discussion Questions:1. Have you ever made or answered a phone call in English? What was the purpose of the call?How well do you think you handled it?3.Do you find answering an English phone call or making telephone calls in English a frightening experience? Why or why not?4.What do you want to learn about handling phone calls in English?Background Information:When we are speaking on the phone to someone, politeness and clear speaking are probably the two most important guidelines to follow. Because you cannot rely on gesturesand facial expressions to help carry your messages (as you can when you are speaking with someone face to face), you must be as clear and as exact as possible to avoid any misunderstanding or confusion. At the same time, you must be certain to listen carefully and understand what is being said to or asked of you. In simple terms, if you are a caller, it is polite to offer a greeting, identify yourself, and state your business or reason for telephoning. Don’t leave the person on the other end of the line guessing your reason for telephoning.Most places of business answer with the name of the company and “May (Can) I help you?” or “How can we help you?” Individuals at home often answer with a simple Hello or occasionally the name of their residence, as in “Matthews residence.”Sometimes people at work may answer the phone with their names, as in “Frank Mason speaking”or “Belinda Wells here.”Part One Listening InTravel Agent: Globe Travel. Can I help you?Customer: Yes, please. This is Tom Peterson speaking. I’m planning to fly to Tokyo next month. What’s the price of a flight at the moment?Travel Agent: Well, that depends. Do you want to fly first or coach class?Customer: Coach class, I suppose.Travel Agent: When will you be going?Customer: On Saturday, the 11th of June.Travel Agent: One way or round trip?Customer: Round trip. Well, I’m planning a short holiday. I’ll be returning two weeks later, that’s the 25th of June. But I don’t want a package tour.Travel Agent: Then I can get you an excursion ticket. That’s on Northwest Airlines and it costs $1080.Customer: What would it be if I flew on United Airlines?Travel Agent: Now, let’s see. That’s only slightly more, $1120, in fact. And there’s one thing with the United flight. The time might be more convenient for you because itleaves later in the morning, at 11:40.Customer: And the other one? When’s that?Travel Agent: That’s much earlier, at 8:30.Customer: Oh, but that doesn’t matter so much in my case. My apartment is near the airport.Can you give me the times for a returning flight on Northwest then?Travel Agent: Let’s see. There’s a direct flight from Tokyo, departing at 5:30 p.m. Would that be all right?Customer: Perfect. Could you book that for me?Travel Agent: Sure. Could I have your name again please?Customer: Tom Peterson.Travel Agent: Mr. Peterson, I’ll check with the airline. You’ll hear from me in about an hour’s time. Is that all right?Customer: Fine. My phone number is 357-6082. I’ll be in all afternoon. Goodbye and thank you.Travel Agent: Goodbye.Notes:A package tour is a completely planned holiday at a fixed price arranged by a company, sothat one does not have to buy tickets, find hotels, etc., for oneself.An excursion ticket is a ticket for a short journey which is organized by a holiday company, tourist organization, etc., so that people can visit an interesting place.Answers to the Questions:1. The travel agent and customer.2. Because he’s planning to fly to Tokyo next month. He wants to find information about theprice of a flight at the moment and to book a ticket.3. It depends on the class you want to fly, when you will be going, whether you want aone-way or round trip ticket, the kind of tour you are taking, and the airline you are going on.4. $1080 on Northwest Airlines and $1120 on United Airlines.5. He takes Northwest Airlines because the price is a bit lower than that on United Airlines.6. The time might be more convenient because it leaves later in the morning, at 11:40. Butthat doesn’t matter so much in this case because the customer’s apartment is near the airport.7. She’ll check with the airline and will call the male speaker back in about an hour’s time.Discussion Questions:1.Have you ever called a travel agency? What was your purpose for calling?2.What are the differences between English and Chinese customs of making and answering a phone call?Part Two Better ListeningSection AConversation OneStephen: Stephen Palmer speaking.Sue: Is that you, Steve? It’s Sue.Stephen: Hello, Sue. I was actually waiting for your call. How’s Rome?Sue: A fantastic city. I’ll attend a conference at nine. So I’ll keep it short. Could you give me the address of that person you mentioned before I left New York? You know, the man who’s got that import/export office in Rome.Stephen: Ah, you mean Michael Simpson. Now let me see. Umm... I don’t have his address on hand. How about if I ring you back in about half an hour?Sue: Well, I’ll be on my way to the conference. I’ll call you again in about half an hour. Is that OK?Stephen: OK. I’ll look up Simpson’s address for you.Sue: Thanks, Steve. Bye now.Stephen: Bye.Answers to the Questions:1.She is in Rome.2.She wanted to have Michael Simpson’s address.3.Michael Simpson is the man who’s got an import/export office in Rome.4.Sue will call later. Stephen doesn’t have Michael Simpson’s address on hand, and he suggests he call Sue back. But Sue will be on her way to the conference. So Sue will call Stephen again in about half an hour.Conversation TwoSaleswoman: Hello, Worldwide Flowers. Sara Green speaking.Mr. Kelly: This is Jim Kelly. I’d like to order some flowers and have them sent to my home. Saleswoman: Fine, Mr. Kelly. What kind of flowers did you have in mind?Mr. Kelly: I’d like to send a dozen red roses.Saleswoman: A dozen red roses. Our long-stem red roses are selling for twelve dollars a dozen this week, and they’re really quite nice.Mr. Kelly: All right then. I’ll take those.Saleswoman: I’ll need the complete address with the zip code, Mr. Kelly.Mr. Kelly: The address is: 43 Pennsylvania Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47401. Saleswoman: What would you like us to put on the card?Mr. Kelly: Hm, just something simple. How about: All my love, Jim.Saleswoman: OK. Now, when should they arrive?Mr. Kelly: They should be there before six in the evening on September the 12th. Saleswoman: That should be no problem. Just one more question, Mr. Kelly. How do you intend to make payment?Mr. Kelly: You can put it on my visa card. The number is: JK 4096237.Saleswoman: That should do it. Thank you for calling Worldwide Flowers. Goodbye.Mr. Kelly: Bye.Answers to the Questions:1. He’s calling Worldwide Flowers. Jim Kelly calls because he wants to order some flowersand to have them sent to his home.2. He orders a dozen long-stem red roses which cost twelve dollars.3. His girl friend or maybe his wife, since red roses represent love between men and women.4. She needs to know the address, what is going to be put on the card, when the flowersshould arrive, and how Jim Kelly intends to make payment.5. He asks the saleswoman to charge it to his visa card.Conversation ThreeMrs. Wilson: Wilsons.Harry Ford: Hello, I’d like to speak to Tom Wilson. My name’s Harry Ford.Mrs. Wilson: I’m afraid he’s not in. He’s at a conference in San Francisco all day. Can I give him a message?Harry Ford: Well, he asked me to call him when I was in San Carlos. I’ll be flying back tomorrow. Will he be at home this evening?Mrs. Wilson: Yes, he’ll be back at about seven thirty.Harry Ford: All right, I’ll ring him at about eight then.Mrs. Wilson: I’ll tell him you called.Harry Ford: Thank you. Goodbye.Mrs. Wilson: Goodbye.Answers to the Questions:1.He’s at a conference in San Francisco.2.Tom Wilson asked Harry Ford to call him when Harry Ford was in San Carlos.3.He’ll be at home at about seven thirty.4.Mrs. Wilson.Section BConversation OneCanceling a Hotel BookingOperator: White Swan Hotel.Caller: Hello, I’m Peter Simpson. I made a reservation for the 14th, but now I’m afraid I shall have to cancel it.Operator: Just a moment, please. I’ll put you on to Advance Reservations.Clerk: Advance Reservations, may I help you?Caller: Yes, I’m phoning up because I booked a room for an overseas visitor who won’t be able to come now and so I’ll have to cancel it, I’m afraid.Clerk: What is the name, please, and what is it for?Caller: It was a double room booked in the name of Dr. R. Sun from the 14th, for a week. Clerk: Ah, yes, I’ve got it. And now you want to change the booking, do you?Caller: I wish I could, but it now appears that he won’t be able to come at all.Clerk: Well, Sir, I’ll cancel it then. I hope we can help you some other time.Discussion Questions:1. What should people do in order to make a hotel reservation? Is the procedure different indifferent countries (i. e. U.S. vs. China)?2. If you want to cancel a booking, what should you do? Do you have to pay for it?Conversation TwoA Mail-order Shopping ProblemOperator: Hello, Brand Names Mail Order.Jim Adams: Would you connect me with the Customer Service Department, please? Operator: Just a moment, please.Sam Jacobs: Customer Service, Sam Jacobs here. May I help you?Jim Adams: Yes, this is Jim Adams speaking. I’m afraid there’s been a mix-up. I ordered a 3M tape recorder from you and I’m afraid someone has made a mistake andsent me the wrong model.Sam Jacobs: Ah... I’m sorry about that, Mr. Adams. Can you give me your order number and the exact catalogue number and description of the model you ordered?Jim Adams: Yes, let’s see. I’ve got the bill right here. The order number is CS 124.39 and the model I ordered is the TR 3M-20 portable.Sam Jacobs: Thank you, Mr. Adams. I’ll have the correct recorder sent to you as soon as possible.Jim Adams: When can I expect delivery?Sam Jacobs: Umm... you should have the 3M-20 by Friday at the latest. May I ask you to return the model you now have? We’ll reimburse you for the postage, of course. Jim Adams: All right. I’ll send the 3M-20 back.Sam Jacobs: I’m sorry for the inconvenience, Mr. Adams.Jim Adams: All right. I’m glad we can take care of the problem. Goodbye.Sam Jacobs: Goodbye, Mr. Adams, and thank you for shopping Brand Names.Discussion Questions:1. Have you ever ordered anything by mail, for example, laboratory equipment or a book,from a Chinese or foreign company? Have you gotten any wrong delivery? What did you do when it happened?2. What compensation do you expect to get when you get a wrong delivery from a mail orderfirm? Do you think there should be a law which requires the mail order firm to compensate the customer when a wrong delivery takes place?Part Three Speaking OutFunctional ExpressionsAsking to speak to someone and announcing your identity:May (Could/Can) I speak to (with) Kelly Nichols, please? This is Tad Parker calling (speaking). (May is more polite than could or can.)I’d like to speak to Kelly Nichols, please. This is Tad Parker. (Formal)This is Tad Parker from Wells Fargo Bank. Is Kelly Nichols in, please?Is Kelly Nichols there? My name is Tad Parker. (Informal)Is Kelly Nichols there by any chance? I’m Tad Parker. (Informal)Kelly Nichols, please. Tad Parker here. (Very Informal)Is that you, Kelly? It’s me, Tad. (Very Informal)Hi. It’s Tad. (The speaker knows, or he assumes he knows who is on the other end of the line.) (Very Informal)Connecting to another phone extension or answering the telephone if the person wanted is not immediately available:Would you mind holding a minute while I try to find him? (Formal)Could you hold, please? I’ll see if she’s in.Hold the line, please. (I’ll connect you.)Hold on, please. (I’ll put you through.)Please hold a moment.Just/Wait a/one moment, please.Hang on. I’ll get him. (Informal)Just a sec. (Informal)Notes:Sec is a reduction of “second.”Answering the phone if the person wanted is not there or too busy to come to the phone:I’m sorry, but Mr. King is not here right now (is not in at the moment ). May I take a message, or would you like to call back later?Mr. King is tied up (busy/occupied/on another line) (right) now. Would you like to leave a message (call back later/have him return your call)?I’m afraid Mr. King can’t come to the phone (speak to you/take the call) at this time. Could you call back in a few minutes (in a little while/later)?I’m afraid he’s not in. May I take your number and have him return your call?I’m sorry. Mr. King isn’t answering. (connecting to an extension)Notes:Tied up is an idiomatic expression for “busy” or “occupied.”Some simple things to say if you reach the wrong number after the person on the other end of the line says “I’m sorry. There’s no one (body/person) here by (of) that name”:Oh, isn’t that Ruiz Construction?Isn’t this 561-4389?(After negative response):I’m sorry. I have (guess I have/must have/must have dialed/dialed) the wrong number.Sorry to disturb (have disturbed/have troubled) you.It is the secretary or receptionist’s job to screen calls for his or her employer. If a secretary or receptionist greets you first, you may be required to state your business with the person you are calling. The secretary might ask:May I ask the nature of your business, please?Whom do you represent, Mr. Chang?What company are you with, Sir?(If the person calling did not identify himself, the secretary may ask “Who shall I say is calling?” This also applies to general phone calls, but the person called may use less formal expressions such as “Who’s calling?” or “Who’s speaking?”)Notes:Screen means to ask questions of a person to find out whether the reason he or she is calling is serious enough to interrupt what the boss is doing.Section ACompleted conversations for reference:Conversation OneCharles Chen wants to speak with Peter Cummings, so he calls him at his office. Secretary: Cummings and Associates. Good morning.Charles: Hello. This is Charles Chen. May I speak with Mr. Cummings?Secretary: May I ask the nature of your business, Mr. Chen?Charles: I’m with the Cleveland Arts Council, and I’d like to talk with Mr. Cummings about making a corporate contribution to the Museum Fund.Secretary: I’m sorry, Mr. Chen, but Mr. Cummings is quite busy at the moment. May I take your number and have him return your call?Charles: Yes, thank you. I can be reached at 542-0866 until 6:00 p.m.Secretary: I’ll see that he gets the message, Mr. Chen.Charles: Thank you very much, ma’am.Conversation TwoArranging a Job InterviewOperator: Athelstan. May I help you?Liz: Yes. This is Liz Hampton. I’m phoning about the Administrative Assistant position you advertised in yesterday’s San Francisco Chronicle.Operator: Right, I’ll put you on to our Personnel Department. Just a moment, please.Mr. Sharp: Hello, Frank Sharp, Personnel.Liz: This is Liz Hampton speaking. I’m calling about the ad in yesterday’s San Francisco Chronicle for the Administrative Assistant position.Mr. Sharp: Yes, that job is still open, Ms Hampton. If you feel that you fulfill the qualifications listed, we could arrange for a job interview.Liz: Yes, Mr. Sharp, I do have those qualifications and I am very interested in that job.Mr. Sharp: Fine, Ms. Hampton. When would it be convenient for you to come in for an interview?Liz: Any time next week, Mr. Sharp. Mornings are usually better for me.Mr. Sharp: Umm... how about nine o’clock on Tuesday.Liz: OK. I’ll see you on Tuesday at nine. Goodbye.Mr. Sharp: Goodbye, Ms Hampton.Conversation ThreeWrong NumberMr. Wilson: Hello, Peter Wilson here. Can I speak to Mr. Hewitt?Operator: Sorry, there’s no Mr. Hewitt at this number.Mr. Wilson: The number I have here is Packard Enterprises 342-4556.Operator: That’s our number all right, but this is Packard Electric. You must have the wrong Packard from the phone book.Mr. Wilson: I’m sorry. I’ll take another look in the Yellow Pages.Operator: That’s all right. Bye.Mr. Wilson: Bye.Notes:Yellow Pages refers to the section of telephone book or directory which lists business phone numbers printed on yellow paper in order to contrast with the white pages which list home phone numbers.Part Four Comprehensive PracticeSection AConversation OneJohn Matthews: Hello.Margaret Bush: Hello, Margaret Bush here. Could I speak to Mr. Matthews, please?John Matthews: Speaking.Margaret Bush: Oh, John. I didn’t recognize your voice.John Matthews: Yes, the line isn’t very good.Margaret Bush: John, it looks as if I won’t be able to keep the appointment we made.John Matthews: That was to be Wednesday, wasn’t it?Margaret Bush: Yes. My parents called this morning. They are flying from Hong Kong on Wednesday, and I have to go to the airport to pick them up.John Matthews: I see.Margaret Bush: I’m so sorry, John. But could we meet on Thursday? Or would you prefer another time?John Matthews: Afraid I’m tied up this week. Let me just check. Next Monday would be all right, I think.Margaret Bush: Monday’s OK for me too. Shall we say the same time as we’d arranged? At11 o’clock?John Matthews: Fine. I’ll be at your place at 11 then.Margaret Bush: Thanks, John. Hope I haven’t messed up your arrangements too much.John Matthews: Oh no, these things happen, don’t they? See you next Monday, Margaret. Margaret Bush: Bye, John.Conversation TwoReceptionist: Dr. Stanford’s office.Jim Dawson: May I please speak to Dr. Stanford. This is Jim Dawson.Receptionist: I’m sorry, he’s with a patient. May I help you?Jim Dawson: Yes, would you ask him to call me, please? It’s about our trip to Boston this weekend.Receptionist: Okay, Mr. Dawson. Does he have your phone number?Jim Dawson: Probably, but let me give it to you in case. It’s 276-8762.Receptionist: All right. I’ll tell him to call you back.Jim Dawson: Thanks.Receptionist: You’re welcome. Bye.Answers to the Questions:Conversation One1. Her parents are flying from Hong Kong on Wednesday, and she has to go to the airport topick them up.2. Next Monday, at 11 o’clock.Conversation Two1. He’s with a patient.2. 276-8762.Section BCommunication ties together the parts of a society just as the nervous system ties together the parts of an individual. From earliest times, when the only form of communication was speech, to the present, when electronic signals carry information instantly to practically any point on Earth, communication has been the way people have organized their cooperative activities. In the modern world there are two main types of communications media. One type consists of the mass media—such as television, radio, newspapers, and magazines—in which organizations send messages to a large number of people. The other type consists of direct, point to point communications—telephone, telegraph, data transmission, and postal service. Of these, the electronic media (all but the postal service) are termed telecommunications.Telecommunications first came into existence with the development of the telegraph in the 1830s and 1840s. For the first time, news and information could be transmitted great distances almost instantaneously. The invention of the telephone in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell fundamentally transformed telecommunications. The telephone system assumed its modern form with the development of dial phoning and its spread during the middle decades of the 20th century.For long distances, and especially for transcontinental transmissions, telecommunications companies throughout the world have turned to communications satellites. Communications satellites were first introduced in the mid-1960s and have, since their origin, been both used for telecommunications and for television relay.Answers to the Questions:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. T6. T。

八年级下英语Unit5Period1课文讲解八年级下英语Unit5 Period 1 课文讲解1.What was the girl doing at the time of rainstorm ?暴风雨来临时那个女孩正在干什么？考向一：本句为过去进行时态，该时态表示在过去某个时间某动作正在发生，由“助动词was/were-v.-ing”构成。

Eg:She was reading when I came in. 我进来时她正在看书。

考向二：at the time of意为“在......的时候”Eg:What were you doing at the time of the earthquake ?在地震的时候，你在做什么？考向三：rainstorm n.暴风雨rainstorm（暴风雨）是由rain（雨）+storm（暴风雨）构成的合成词。

Rain常见的合成词还有：coat （大衣）→raincoat（雨衣）drop（滴）→raindro p（雨滴）2.alarm n.闹钟Eg:I set the alarm for 7:00.我把闹钟定在7点钟。

考向一：alarm作为名词时，既为可数名词，也可为不可数名词，注意其不同含义。

可数名词，意为“报警”an air-raid alarm空袭警报；还意为“警报器；闹钟”a fir alarm防火警报器；an alarm clock 闹钟。

不可数名词，意为“惊恐；惊慌”a sense of alarm恐慌感。

考向二：alarm作为动词时，意为“向......报警；使警觉；使恐慌”。

3.go off（闹钟）发出响声考向:go off短语含义大集合A>发出响声B>爆炸；开火C>（电器设备）停止运行D>离开4.heavily adv.在很大程度上；大量地；沉重地考向一：辨析heavy和heavilyheavy adj.沉重的heavily adv. 沉重地。

Unit 3Food“You are what you eat”Part One: ListeningSection AConversation OneJavier: Welcome to J. Lo's new restaurant. I heard the food is_____________.Linda: It's Puerto Rican?Javier: Actually it's a Cuban restaurant, like the ones you might find in Miami.Linda: Wow, you guys really do ___________. Javier: It's all Latin, baby. It's all good. Now let's order.Linda: Hmm...(reads menu) black beans and rice...sounds healthy.Javier: Latinos are big on ___________. And you got to try the ropa vieja.Linda: Is that a meat dish?Javier: Yep. It means old clothes.Linda: Yuck!Javier: Ha, ha. That's because it's shredded beef and looks kind of like cloth.Linda: Well, I guess I'll try it. What's this? (reads menu) Plantains...Javier: Those are like little bananas. They __________, and they are delicious!Conversation TwoA:What do you think of British food?B:That's a very difficult question to answer, because if you look in two supermarket trolleys, you'll see that what people buy is completely different. Some people will go for fresh vegetables and wholemeal bread, while others prefer tins and packets of highly processed food.A:Well, what do people mean when they say they don't like British food?B:I think it's probably possible to generalize about what is eaten at main meal-times. Northern Europeans, including the British, tend to eat more potatoes than Asians, who prefer rice.A:Can you explain why many Asians prefer French or Italian cuisine to British cooking?B:That's both a question of what different Europeans eat and how it's prepared. For example, pizza has become international. People are accustomed to eating it and Italians prepare it well.A: Do the British prepare food badly?B:In fact, we have some of the top chefs in the world, but only people with a lot of money experience British cooking at its best. Students staying in English families often have to put up with convenience foods, quick preparations served up byworking couples who have little time for anything other than their jobs.A:Surely, not all host families offer fast food.B:No. Some are very careful about what they eat. They may buy brown rice, wholemeal bread, muesli and organically grown fruit. They may eat a mainly vegetarian diet. But this can cause different problems. Japanese students are used to eating white rice, while Southern Europeans are used to eating a lot of meat. Certain versions of the British diet are probably very healthy, but don't appeal to internationals. People simply aren't used to them.Conversation ThreeW: I haven’t shopped here in a while. Do you know where they keep the butter?M: Sure. It’s way in the back of the store, ________________.W: Great, thanks. Hey, check out this ___________. They sure want us to buyDiet Pepsi, don’t they?M: Yeah, I never touch the stuff. It’s all chemicals.W: Oh, Fred. You are ____________. Oh, here’s the butter. Oh, right, it’s on sale.Now, let’s see. What else do I need? Letme check my list. My memory is gettingworse and worse everyday. I’ve got to____________. My list’s got to be heresomewhere. Don’t tell me I left it at home.Oh, great. Here it is. Let’s see now. I needsome veggies, some hamburger and someentrees. This lettuce looks pretty good.It’s cheap.M: Yeah, most of these vegetables look pretty bad. I’ll bet they are all ___________. I’lljust get some garlic and some Brusselsprouts.W: Do you really believe all that you hear about additives? I think you are worryingtoo much. We are all going to diesometime. Ah, here’s the meat section. Ineed a couple of pounds of hamburger. Ican’t believe ___________ in the last fewmonths. Maybe I’ll just buy one pound. M: That’s one of the reasons that I became a vegetarian.W: What do you fix instead of meat?M: I get protein from lots of other foods. I eat brown rice, beans, Tofu and nuts. Youhave to make some matches to get__________. It takes a lot of practice, butit’s sure worth the trouble. You don’t putall those chemicals in your system.。

UNIT12I’m SorryMaking and Accepting an ApologyIntroductionEveryone makes mistakes,and everyone needs to know what to do and say after making a mistake.What would you say if you accidentally stepped on the foot of the person sitting next to you at a lecture or if you turned your bicycle into the path of another bicyclist and caused an accident?It may be difficult to write rules that tell exactly when you should apologize,but with some knowledge of the culture it is not difficult to learn how.If we have done something to hurt someone’s feelings,or if we have been impolite,or even if we call someone early in the morning or late at night,we should apologize.An apology indicates that we realize we’ve made a mistake,and we’re sorry for it.The function of the apology is to show regret for the wrongdoing and,if relevant,to offer an explanation or a remedy.Another function of an apology is to help you let go of the guilt you feel about the wrongdoing.Answers to the Questions:1.It is difficult to tell exactly when we should apologize.Generally speaking,if we have done something wrong,or if we have been impolite,or even if we cause inconvenience,we should apologize.(The answers to this question can be varied)2.No,with knowledge and understanding of the culture it is not difficult to learn how toapologize.3.An apology indicates that we realize we’ve made a mistake,and we’re sorry for it.Background Information:Apologies vary,depending on the formality of the situation,the relationship between the two people,and,more important,the seriousness of the mistake.Stepping on someone’s toe accidentally would not require the same type of apology as knocking over a pedestrian with a bicycle.In general,the more serious the error,the more elaborate the apology should be. There are five possible parts to an apology:1.Formal expression of regret.This may be explicit,as in“I’m sorry,”or implied,as in“I didn’t mean to.”2.Explanation or excuse,which shows why the mistake occurred.3.Offer to remedy the situation,if some damage has been done,or a remedy is possible.4.Assurance that the mistake will not be repeated.5.Admission of guilt,which shows that the person apologizing accepts the blame.The first part,the formal expression of regret,is almost always included in the apology. The other parts can be combined with the first part in various ways.Note,however,that the more serious the infraction,the more of these parts,except maybe explanation or excuse,will be included.Part One Listening InSandra and Paul are visiting their hometown during spring break.Sandra has just told a neighbor,Mrs.Wallace,about Paul’s new job after graduation.She also told her how much Paul was going to be earning...Paul:Aw,Sandra!What did you have to go and do that for?Sandra:Do what?Paul:You know what I’m talking about.Why did you tell Mrs.Wallace how much money I’m going to make?Now she’ll go and tell the whole world!Sandra:Well,I’m sorry.Paul:Yeah,but you know how she talks to everybody and their brother!Sandra:Well,I apologize.I guess I wasn’t thinking.I got all excited.I won’t let this sort of thing happen again.I wish I could make up for it.Paul:Oh well,it’s done now.I guess it doesn’t matter that much,anyway.They were bound to find out eventually.Everybody in this town ha has s got a very big nose!Sandra:You know,it is a lot of money for a first job...Paul:You think I’ll be able to buy a Porsche?Sandra:Well,I think you’d better wait and see how much is left after Uncle Sam gets his share.Notes:1.Make up for means compensate for a wrongdoing or mistake.2.Uncle Sam gets his share means the amount of income tax paid to the federal government.Answers to the Questions:1.He complains that Sandra told Mrs.Wallace how much money he’s going to make.2.Sandra says she’s sorry and apologizes.She explains that she got so excited that shewasn’t thinking when she told Mrs.Wallace how much Paul’s going to earn.3.She promises that she won’t let this sort of thing happen again.4.“Oh well,it’s done now.I guess it doesn’t matter that much,anyway.They were bound tofind out eventually.Everybody in this town’s got a very big nose!”By saying this,Paul shows acceptance of Sandra’s apology.5.People who have got big noses are interested in finding out things which do not concernthem.6.Uncle Sam refers to the U.S.(government or people),personified as a tall,spare man withchin whiskers,dressed in a red,white,and blue costume of swallow-tailed coat,striped trousers,and a tall hat with a band of stars.Part Two Better ListeningSection AConversation OneIn Ms.HillHill’’s OfficeMr.Sims:I apologize,Ms.Hill,but I’m running a little behind schedule.May I bring you the contract tomorrow instead of today?Ms.Hill:That’s fine.I won’t need it until late tomorrow afternoon anyway.But please make sure I have time to review it before my4o’clock meeting tomorrow.Answers to the Questions:1.Ms.Hill’s secretary or her subordinate.2.Because she did not finish doing her work according to schedule.3.Yes,she does.4.Sometime before4o’clock tomorrow.Discussion Questions:1.If Ms.Hill were angry at Mr.Sims,she might have replied differently.Give an example ofhow she might have responded if she hadn’t accepted the apology and the excuse.2.If Mr.Sims had wanted to reassure Ms.Hill that his tardiness was not going to be a habit,what could he have added to his apology?3.Everyone sometimes runs behind schedule.When do you?And what do you say in thosesituations?Does what you say to apologize differ depending on who you are speaking to (superior,inferior,family,friend)?Give examples.Conversation TwoJoan’’s and MikeMike’’s HomesIn the Driveway between JoanJoan:Oh,Mike!I’m so sorry about Yelsin tearing up your newspaper again.I’ll have Dan get you another when he comes home.Mike:Thanks,Joan,but I wish you’d keep a better eye on your dog.He’s always getting into my flower beds and digging up my roses.Joan:I really am sorry he’s caused so much trouble lately.I’ll have the fence repaired this week,so he can’t get out of the yard.I promise it won’t happen again.Mike:I hope not.Answers to the Questions:1.Yelsin is a dog.Dan is probably Joan’s husband.2.Joan is sorry about Yelsin tearing up Mike’s newspaper and about getting into his flower beds and digging up his roses.3.She offers to have Dan get Mike another newspaper when he comes home.Discussion Questions:1.What can we infer about the fence around Joan’s house?2.How is Mike probably feeling when she says,“I hope not”?Is he completely acceptingJoan’s apology?Why or why not?Conversation ThreeAt a C af aféé(After the waitress has just spilled coffee on a customer’s jacket:)Waitress:Excuse me,Sir!I’m sorry I’m so clumsy!I’ll get something to clean your jacket right away!Man:No great harm done.I just hope it doesn’t stain.Waitress:I’ll be glad to pay to have your jacket dry cleaned for you,Sir.I do apologize. Man:Thank you very much.I do appreciate it.Answers to the Questions:1.A waitress and a customer.2.The waitress probably spilled something(e.g.coffee)on the customer’s jacket.3.The waitress’s excuse is that he’s very clumsy.4.The waitress offers to pay to have the customer’s jacket dry cleaned.Discussion Questions:1.The waitress finds herself an excuse.Could she have used another(perhaps a better)excusefor the accident?2.Would this situation be handled differently by a waitress if this happened in a restaurant inChina?Explain.Section BConversation OneJanice:Excuse me for not waiting for you,honey,but I didn’t know how long you’d be,andI was starving!Henri:No problem.I had a late meeting and grabbed a bite on the way home.Discussion Questions:1.Where did this conversation probably take place?2.If Janice had been really angry at her husband,what might she have said?How might hehave responded?3.If you are going to be late for dinner—for anything,what do you do?4.When do you sometimes grab a bite?Where do you do this and what do you usually have?Conversation TwoBob:Excuse me for being late to class this morning,Dr.Smith.I just don’t know what to say.I must have turned the alarm clock off and gone back to sleep again.Dr.Smith:Well,it it’’s OK this time.But you know it’s disturbing for the rest of the class. Bob:Yes,I know.You’re right.I won’t let it happen again.Discussion Questions:1.Have you ever been late to class?What were your excuses?2.Did your professor accept your excuses?What did he or she say?Conversation Three(The telephone rings.)Russell:Hello?Sandy:Hi,Russ?It’s me.Look,I’m having a bit of trouble with the car.I’m very sorry that I wonwon’’t be able to make it tonight.Russell:Oh really?What is it?Sandy:Well,it’s the carburetor again.We just had it fixed last week,but it must be clogged up again somehow.Russell:I’m sorry to hear that.Well,I can see you in my office sometime later next week.How about Monday at9o’clock?Sandy:OK,fine.Sorry about the inconvenience.I’ll see you Monday at9.Don’’t worry about it.See you then.Russell:DonSandy:Thanks.Bye.Discussion Questions:1.Sandy says she won’t be able to make it tonight.What does IT probably refer to?2.When Russell says he is sorry,is this an apology?Part Three Speaking OutFunctional ExpressionsOffering apologies:I beg your pardon,sir.(I didn’t realize you were speaking to me.)Pardon me,please,for...(stepping on your foot.)I hope you’ll forgive...(my absence yesterday.I was ill.)Please accept my apology for...(not telling you the truth.)Excuse me for...(being late.I forgot about the time.)I(would like to)apologize for...(knocking over your cup.I didn’t see it.)I’m very(really/terribly/awfully)sorry...(that I woke you.)I’m sorry.I didn’t mean to...(hurt you.)Sorry about...(the steak.I’ll be glad to prepare you another one.)Oh no!Did I do that?I’m sorry.Oh!Sorry!Sorry about that.Oops.Accepting apologies:That’s quite all right.I understand completely.You really don’t have anything to apologize for.You don’t need to apologize.It’s not your fault.Oh,well,that’s life.Don’t worry about it.No harm done.That’s okay.It’s OK.No problem.Forget it.No big thing.No sweat.(very informal)Section ASuggested reasons,excuses or remedies:1.I’m afraid I overslept and missed the bus.I won’t let it happen again.2.I’ve been too busy with my computer.I promise I’ll get straight A’s next semester.3.I was in a bit of a bad mood.We lost the contract to build fifty planes.I should learn to bemore self-controlled.I’ll fix the supper today.You like Chinese food?(Snapping at someone means speaking in a fast,usually annoyed,way.We sometimes snap at people when we’re in a bad mood or when something bothers or annoys us.)4.The seafood transport company is on strike.We have no more supplies of fish.Part Four Comprehensive PracticeSection AThere are many different situations that require an apology,but they all have something in common:Something undesirable or uncomfortable has happened.Americans apologize for hurting someone’s feelings or causing a misunderstanding.They also apologize for being impolite,such as interrupting a conversation or meeting.If an American takes someone else’s property by mistake or damages another person’s property he is expected to give his apology too.Apologizing for causing inconvenience,for example,being late for a meeting;calling someone early in the morning;or dialing a wrong number on the phone,takes place all the time in an American’s daily life.Bumping someone accidentally while walking on the street you should say“Excuse me.”Apology is even required for telling a secret accidentally (“letting the cat out of the bag”).In addition,Americans also apologize when some person or animal for whom they have responsibility(for example,their children,guests,relatives,or pets)makes a social error.When someone has done something wrong and has apologized to you for the inconvenience or hurt,you can accept the apology by saying something like:“That’s OK”or “It couldn’t be helped.”In certain cases,a person will continue to be angry even though the other person has apologized,or may even refuse to accept the apology.This is extremely rude.A negative response is not the usual way to react to an apology and can make the situation worse and generally only escalates the conflict.Offering remedies or promising it won’t happen again is one way to deal with someone(usually an authority)who refuses to accept an apology.How people respond to an apology depends on the nature of the wrongdoing or discourtesy and the mood they are in when they receive the apology.Suggested answers to the guided note-taking exercises:1.Something undesirable or uncomfortable has happened2.1)someone’s feelings a misunderstanding2)impolite3)someone else’s property by mistake another person’s property4)being late for a meeting;calling someone early in the morning;dialing a wrong numberon the phone5)someone accidentally6)a secret accidentally7)for whom they have responsibility3.can make the situation worsethe nature of the wrongdoing and the mood they are inSection BQuestions::Answers to the Questions1.F2.T3.F4.TDiscussion Questions:1.Have you noticed any times when an apology would have been required in the Chineseculture but not in American culture or vice versa?2.How do you feel when someone should apologize to you but does not?3.Are there any situations in which Americans say“I’m sorry”or‘Excuse me”but are notreally apologizing?(You can use these two expressions if you walk between two people talking in the hallway, or if you cough,burp,belch,sneeze,hiccup,or yawn.You can also say“Pardon me”in amore formal situation.“I’m sorry”is also used to express sympathy.) 4.Have you ever refused to accept an apology?Under what circumstances?。

【课文】外研版九下Module5课文听读对话音频：九下m5u1a3.mp3来自英语教学00:0001:43【对话翻译】贝蒂：我累了，杰克逊先生。

杰克逊先生：让我们等一下其他人。

他们一会儿就会赶上。

贝蒂：谁掉队了？杰克逊先生：托尼和大明。

他们总是在队伍的后面。

我认为我们已经约好要待在一起。

贝蒂：他们走得比我们慢。

杰克逊先生：我认为要下雨了。

我要回去找找他们。

托尼：（走得更近一些）救命！是大明。

他出意外了。

当他正跑着下台阶时摔倒了。

他碰伤了他的头，并且他的腿疼。

我想他摔断腿了。

杰克逊先生：他什么时候摔倒的？托尼：大约10分钟以前。

杰克逊先生：好的，指给我看他在哪里……他在那里！嘿，大明。

你觉得怎样？大明：我的腿疼，并且我看不太清。

我会失明吗？杰克逊先生：不会的，你只是碰了头。

还碰破了膝盖。

你的腿上有血。

你能挪动你的脚吗？大明：能。

哎哟！但是我不能走路。

杰克逊先生：我们最好送他去医院。

我要打手机求助。

大明：严重吗？我会活着吗？杰克逊先生：当然你会活着！没什么大事。

托尼，告诉大家我们不得不取消这次徒步活动并且回家。

课文音频：九下m5u2a2.mp3来自英语教学00:0002:53课文翻译：健康生活五原则由于有了更完善的医疗保健，大多数人生活得更健康并且更长寿。

现在出生的人有望比19世纪出生的人多活大约35年。

人们甚至认为将来会有越来越多的人庆祝他们的百岁生日。

这是健康生活的五条原则。

1. 从沙发上下来！当然了，坐在沙发上看电视很舒服。

但医生说你应该从沙发上下来。

为了保持健康，你必须每天至少走10 000步。

过去，人们的工作需要更多的体力劳动。

他们经常不得不每天步行数英里。

当农民们在地里劳作的时候，他们同时在保持着健康。

考虑一下：现在你有过去的人们那样的运动量吗？2. 吃健康食品！要吃新鲜、天然的食物，例如，水果和蔬菜，这一点很重要。

快餐是不健康的。

你应该只是偶尔吃点。

吃太多不好的食物对你的健康有害。

3. 保证休息！当我们还是婴儿时，我们晚上的大部分时间都在睡觉。

UNIT 2I want to have some fun!EntertainmentPart One: ListeningSection AConversation OneM:Would you like to listen to _________ of American country music? It’s got John Denver singing “Country Road s.”W:Sure, I’d love to. J ohn Denver is very popular in China. But can you tell me what’s the difference _______________________?M:In country music, many songs are about _________.W: So, I suppose, the words are simple and express __________________?M:Well, people who really like country music say so.W: What about the style of singing, and the music itself? It’s different from other American music, isn’t it?M: In some ways, yes. The tradition was of singer with one instrument —originally a dulcimer, __________. Then when radios and recordsbecame popular in the 1920’s, they began using country singers commercially. Now country music is performed by ______________________.W:Oh, I see. Can we say that country music is a development of American folk music?M:Well, let’s say it’s a development from folk music. Today, it is commercial, not folk. The center of country music is Nashville, Tennessee, where many people make a living producing ______________ and so on.W: By the way, can you tell me more about John Denver?M:Well, he’s a professional _____________. Take his song “Country Road s” f or example. The subject is traditional: Take me back to my home in the southern mountains and actually country music started in the south. Let’s listen to John Denver’s music now.M:Would you like to listen to my album of American country music? It’s got John Denver singing “Country Road s.”W:Sure, I’d love to. John Denver is very popular in China. But can you tell me what’s the difference between country music and pop music?M:In country music, many songs are about home and family.W: So, I suppose, the words aresimple and express real and honest feelings?M:Well, people who really like country music say so.W: What about the style of singing, and the music itself? It’s different from other American music, isn’t it?M: In some ways, yes. The tradition was of singer with one instrument —originally a dulcimer, later a guitar. Then when radios and records became popular in the 1920’s, they began using country singers commercially. Now country music isperformed by highly professional groups.W:Oh, I see. Can we say that country music is a development of American folk music?M:Well, let’s say it’s a development from folk music. Today, it is commercial, not folk. The center of country music is Nashville, Tennessee, where many people make a living producing records, tapes, radio shows and so on.W: By the way, can you tell me more about John Denver?M:Well, he’s a professional singer and songwriter. Take his song “Country Road s” f or example. The subject is traditional: Take me back to my home in the southern mountains and actually country music started in the south. Let’s listen to John Denver’s music now.Conversation TwoM: Do you know who Jackie Chan is?W:Jackie Chan is a very famous movie star in Hong Kong. HisChinese name is Cheng Long. M: Ha, I know Cheng Long. He has made 40 movies since 1976.At the time he was promoted as the new Bruce Lee. But I didn’tknow his English name.W: OK. Then tell me what else you know.M: Some movie stars measure their worth by how many millions ofdollars they made. Do you know how Jackie Chan measureshis worth?W:He measures his worth by how many of his bones he hasfractured while executing his incredible stunts. By the way,can you count the breaks?M: Sure. His skull, his eyes, his nose, three times, his jaws, hisshoulder, his chest, two fingers,a knee. As he said, “Everythingfrom the top of my head to thebottom of my feet!”W:Indeed, you know a lot about him.M:This is because he is movie-action incarnate or a world-famous action-star.W:Conversation Three Directions: Listen to the conversation and rearrange the five sentences according to the content you hear.W: OK! Here are your tickets! Are you ready for a fun day at Disneyland?M: Yeah! Let’s go!W: Get back here! Now what are therules?M:No running. Now let’s go! (pulls on the woman’s shirt)W:And no tugging at my clothes! We’ve got all day. There’s no rush. M: OK. But I want to ride all the rides.W:You can ride as many as you want. But it’s still early! It’s only ten in the morning!（In the souvenir shop）M: Look at this, Wow! A Monsters Inc. backpack! I need one of these for school!W: We just walked into the park. Ifyou buy anything now, you’ll have to lug it around all day.M: OK! But remember that’s what I want to get!W: O K, but I bet you’ll change your mind. There are more souvenirs than you can count. You’ll see. M:Look outside! There’s Goofy! He’s my favorite!Let’s take a picture with him!W:OK. But don’t cut in line. You’ll have to wait your turn.M:Part Two: More ListeningSection APassage OneDirections: Listen to the following passage and complete each sentence in no more than 5 words. W:The soap opera is truly an America phenomenon. It has been on television since 1952, with the debut of what was a radio show “Guiding Light.” This is the longest running continuous soap on TV. The term soap opera is deceiving, for it is not about soap, nor is it an opera! It is called this because soapcompanies were big sponsors of the radio shows. The opera part comes from the fact that operas tell a story. What makes a soap opera unique is that the story never ends. That is why soaps like “Guiding Light” can be on the air for more than 50 years!Soap characters are like every day people, but then again, they are really very fictional. Soap people never seem to age, or they age very rapidly, as in the case of children being children one day and teenagers the next!! Characters are always perfectly dressed, withperfect hair, perfect clothes, and perfect jobs, where the money never runs out!Soaps are popular among all gender lines, any age group or region, all over the world. However, their main focus years ago was the housewife, and stories were made for the market of women aged 18-49.The soaps remain popular because they have a strong following, a devoted fan base that keeps them on the air. Although the myth is that soap operas are madefor housewives and working class women, the ages of viewers reveal that people of all economic levels, men and women, enjoy a good narrative story that never ends!M:Passage TwoDirections: Listen to the following passage and answer the following questions.W:Have you heard of online movie rentals? If not, there might bean option for you to increase your language skills and enjoy some entertainment at the same time. Some people have grown tired of going down to the video rental store to rent movies. Now, more and more companies are offering customers the ability to rent movies online. Here’s how it works for most of these companies.M:1. Select and sign up for apayment plan, which willdetermine how many moviesyou can rent and hold at anyone time.2.Choose the movies you want towatch (generally 1-3 at a time).3.Movies (usually DVDs) are sentto you within 1-3 days, and shipping is covered by the company.4.Watch the movies, often with nolate fees.5.Return the movies in a prepaidreturn envelope.W:New companies and terms of service are always changing, socheck these sites for specific, up-to-date details.Once you receive the movies, how can you improve your language skills with them? Well, just sitting in front of the TV with a drink in one hand and popcorn in the other isn’t a bad way to relax and passively enjoy movies, but you won’t learn much. Rather, one idea to improve your listening skills is to watch the movies with the captions turned on and pause the movie when you see and hear new expressions. Write down these words and look them upin a good English-English dictionary to understand their possible meanings. Then, think of some sample sentences for each word. In other words, learning vocabulary has little meaning if you don’t know how to use them in context.Answers1.One is to increase your language skills and the other is to enjoy some entertainment.2. (1) Select and sign up for a payment plan, which will determinehow many movies you can rent and hold at any one time.(2) Choose the movies you want to watch (generally 1-3 at a time). (3)Movies (usually DVDs) aresent to you within 1-3 days, and shipping is covered by the company.(4)Watch the movies, often withno late fees.(5)Return the movies in a prepaidreturn envelope.3. Watch the movies with the captions turned on and pause the movie when you see and hear newexpressions. Write down these words and look them up in a good English-English dictionary to understand their possible meanings. Then, think of some sample sentences for each word. In other words, learning vocabulary has little meaning if you don’t know how to use them in context.Section B: Discussing Directions: Discuss the following topic with your partner. Based on the topic, try to ask him/her as many related questions like“What were the traditionalforms of entertainment?” as possible.Topic: The forms of popular entertainment have changed over the years.Suggested answerThings get burned out. People get tired of something once it becomes routine. They feel that they have seen or heard it before and when something different comes along it seems fresh and exciting.Some things remain entertaining beyond their heyday, but an overwhelming majority of songs, movies and other forms of entertainment lose much of their initial appeal as time goes by. I think it’s human nature to want novelty and to anticipate what’s next.Part Three: QuizzesPassage OneDirections: Listen to the following passage and decide whether the following statements are true ( T ) or false ( F ).First of all, Jason says thank you to everyone who wished him a happy birthday.He felt better that night so we went to the movies and saw “Ice Age 2”. While we were in the theater, a couple with two kids aged three and four were walking in front of us. We thought they were going in the same movie as us, but they went in to see “Silent Hill.”No, No, No! That is wrong on so many levels! First of all it was 7:55at night, little ones should have been home in bed. Next why subject kids to something that scary, all that blood and gore. I know the parents probably had their reasons (no babysitter, etc.) but no way would I let a kid watch something like that.I’m speaking from experience. To this day I still will not sleep with my closet door open because I read “The Boogeyman” by Stephen King when I was around eight or nine. Kids have impressionable minds. I don’t think seeing stufflike that is good for them. What do you think?Answers: 1. F 2.T 3.T 4. F 5.TPassage TwoDirections: Listen to the following passage and take some guided notes.Entertainment is important in a child’s life. It helps a child develops his skills and helps him learn new things. Entertainment and recreation also gives parents a chance to have arest from their children while they are busy with their entertainment activities. A child is entertained in different ways including: Television: Television plays a very important role in developing general knowledge in a child. It’s very important that parents introduce their children to informative programs from the beginning. Some of the best examples of informative programs are geographic channels, history channels, animal life channels, and the Discovery channel.Sports Activities: Sports activities are the best form of physical entertainment for children. Children like to play and there is no denying that they should develop physically. Children should be encouraged to take part in different activities like summer clubs, indoor games, and outdoor games.Wild Life and recreation: Parents should encourage their children by taking them to wild life sanctuaries. Wild life sanctuaries are important source of information for children. Advantages of recreation activitiesassociated with wildlife for children are fishing, bird watching, hunting and horse riding.Answers1. Entertainment is important because:(1) It helps a child develops his skills and helps him learn new things.(2) It gives parents a chance to have a rest from their children while they are busy with their entertainment activities.2. In this passage, the three forms of entertainment mentioned are:(1) Television(2) Sports Activities(3) Wild Life and recreation3. The important role television plays in a child’s life is:It plays a very important role in developing general knowledge in a child.4. The channels that provide informative programs for children are:geographic channels, history channels, animal life channels, and the Discovery channel.。

人教版八年级下册Unit 5 分课时课文听力+翻译Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?Sectioin A1b Listen to the TV report and circle the correct responses.听电视报道并圈出正确的回答。

[in the studio]Reporter：The weather is beautiful today! But yesterday’s rainstorm was the heaviest one so far this year. So, what were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm?[outside the studio,on the street]Girl：I was at home doing my homework. But I could hear the heavy rain against my bedroom window.Boy：I was reading at the library after school. I’m so glad I didn’t decide to play basketball!Woman：I was waiting for the bus after work. Then the rain suddenly started and I got all wet.Man：I was walking home from the supermarket. Luckily, I had an umbrella, but I still got wet![back in the studio]Reporter：Looks like many people were caught in the rain yesterday. Many took hours to get home…[在演播室]记者：今天天气好极了！但是昨天的暴风雨是今年目前最猛烈的一次。

UNIT5How Should I Go?Finding and Giving DirectionsIntroductionFinding the way or giving directions is a very important function of language in every culture.It is especially troublesome for strangers in a new place,because if they don’t know how to ask to find the way or follow the directions,they may simply get lost and not be able to get anywhere they want to go.Imagine what would happen if you lost your way in a big city like New York.Nothing could be worse.You would be“trapped”there.But things would be different if you knew a number of directional expressions.Generally,it’s easy to ask for road directions.You can simply start by saying“Excuse me,could you tell me how to get to...?”It can be difficult for a stranger in a new place to follow the answer.Here is a suggestion:Learn some expressions for describing directions,distance and vehicles,and while you’re listening to the directions,try to form a mental picture of the roads.Answers to the Questions:1.Because if you don’t know the way in a new place,you may get lost and won’t be able to go anywhere you want.2.Because if you can remember only one sentence“Excuse me,could you tell me how to get to...?”,you can get help.3.It’s difficult to follow the directions given by a helper.Part One Listening InThe MTAM:Excuse me.W:Yes?M:Could you tell me how to get to Harvard Yard?W:Sure.You can take the MTA.Just walk across the Commons.The station is on the other side.M:Which line goes to the University?W:The red one.Go down the stairs and take the train to Harvard Square.M:Don’t I have to change?W:No,it’s direct.And it’s rather a pleasant ride too,because you come up and go over the Charles River.You get a nice view of the State House.M:How do I pay?W:You just buy a token,put it in the slot and go through the turnstile.M:You mean it’s all one fare?W:That’s right.M:Well,it sounds easy enough.You said to get out at Harvard Square,didn’t you?W:Yes.M:Will I have any trouble finding the University?W:I don’t think so.When you get out,just look around and you’ll see the University buildings.Have you got that straight now?M:I think so.You’ve been a big help.W:Don’t mention it.Bye now.Notes:MTA means Metropolitan Transit Authority,the underground in Boston;called the“Metro”in Washington DC,“BART”in San Francisco;and the“subway”in New York city and many other U.S.cities.Commons means public park.State House means State Capitol,the office building of the state government.get something straight means find out,make clear.Answers to the Questions:1.The man wants to go to Harvard Yard.2.The man needs to take the MTA.3.No.It’s direct.4.Because you come up and go over the Charles River,and you get a nice view of the State House.5.He should buy a token,put it in the slot and go through the turnstile.6.When he gets out,he should look around and he’ll see the University buildings.Background Information:The whole process of asking for and giving directions is not very complex.It usually contains only two steps:First,the person in trouble raises the question.Second,the helper describes the way.Sometimes,it could be a bit complicated.The person who needs help can’t follow the directions,so he asks for repetition or clarification,usually by saying,for example,“Sorry, I missed the last part”or“Where should I go after I see the post office?”In this case,the helper explains the part missed.In the end,the helper who is not sure if he is understood usually likes to confirm or check understanding.He may say“Do you have any trouble now?”In our text,the helper says“Have you got that straight now?”Part Two Better ListeningSection AAttendant:Hello.What can I do for you?Grandpa:Hi.FillFill’’er up.I need a full tank.Attendant:Check the hood?Grandpa:No,thanks.(He gets out of the car.)Attendant:Whereabouts are you headed?Grandpa:Peter Waters’farm,near Chesterton.Attendant:I know it well.Peter Waters has lived around here almost as long as I have. Grandpa:How long is it going to take for me to get there?Attendant:About fifteen minutes.There’s a shortcut—if you know it.Grandpa:No,I don’t.Could you tell me how to use the shortcut?Attendant:Sure.You take the next left turn.You’ll see a stop sign.Make a right at the stop sign.Stay on that road,and you’ll cross a blue bridge.Then you’ll see a big oldred barn.That’s the back of Peter Waters’place.Grandpa:That’s quite a difference from the directions that Peter sent me.(He looks at the piece of paper with the directions.)Attendant:(looking at the paper)Now,if you take that route,it’s probably a lot simpler,but it’ll take you ten minutes longer.Grandpa:OK.Let me repeat it.I take the next left turn to the stop sign.Then a right across a blue bridge,and then a big red barn.Can’’t miss it.Attendant:CanNotes:Fill’’er up means give me a full tank of gas.Filltank means the container that holds the gasoline in a car.Check the hood?means“Should I look under the front part of the car to see if there is enough oil,or if the car engine needs any other service?”Whereabouts means where.This word is used in some parts of the US.Can’’t miss it means you’ll find it easily.CanAnswers to the Questions:1.He asked the attendant to fill the tank of the car with gas.2.As long as Peter Waters has lived there.3.About fifteen minutes.4.Take the next left turn.5.About twenty five minutes.6.On the other side of the blue bridge.That’s the back of Pete Water’s place.Section BConversation OneAsking for Directions to Castle Road.Brian:Excuse me？Stranger:Yes?Brian:Sorry to bother you,but could you tell us the way to Castle Road,please?Stranger:I’m afraid I’ve no idea.I’m a stranger here myself.Brian:Oh,I see.Well,thank you anyway.couldn’’t help.Stranger:Sorry I couldn(Asking a taxi-driver.)Claire:Excuse me？Taxi-Driver:Yes？Claire:Could you tell us how to get to Castle Road,please?Taxi-Driver:Castle Road?Let me think,now...Yes...Go along this road as far as Tesco’s: that’s a large supermarket—then turn left and Castle Road is the first turn on theright.Claire:I see.Straight ahead as far as the supermarket...turn left...then right.Taxi-Driver:Yes,that’s right.Claire:It It’’s not too far from here,is it?Taxi-Driver:Oh no,only a few minutes.Claire:Oh,good.Well,thank you very much.Taxi-Driver:Not at all.(Then they go off in the direction of Castle Road.)Conversation TwoBill:Can you help me?John:What’s the trouble?Bill:I’m looking for the post office.Can you tell me where it is?John:It’s right down the street,two blocks down on the left.Just walk straight ahead.Youcan see it from here.It’s the building with the flag.can’’t Bill:Thanks very much.I’m a stranger here.I don’t know my way around yet,and I can read a map.John:Well,I can understand that!I can’t make head or tail of maps.Bill:I’m always afraid that I may get lost.John:May I walk along with you?I’m going that way,and I’ll be able to take you right to the door.Then you can’t get lost.Bill:Oh,that’s very kind of you.But I can see the building now.I think I can get that far all right.John:Well I want to get some stamps,and I might put it off if I don’t go now,so if you don’tmind...Bill:No,not at all.John:May I ask your name?Bill:Of course.It’s Bill Smith.John:My name is John Wood.I work in that building on the corner.Part Three Speaking OutFunctional ExpressionsAsking for directions:Can you tell me how to get to(the post office)?I’m going to(railway station),can/could you tell me how to get there? How do you get to the(zoo)?Inquiring about locations:Where is(the Military Museum)located?Where is(Sixth Street)?Where can I find(the auditorium)?Giving directions:go to(a place or street)turn to(the left/right)turn right at(a place/street)You’ll see(a clock tower)on the left/right.take a left/right(turn)take the first left/right after(you get to the cinema)walk/drive(three)blocks to(Smith Street)walk down(Smith Street)(until the crossroads)walk along(the Churchill Avenue)You’ll come to(a restaurant).go about(two)miles.You’ll see a sign(that says“Turkey Street”).take the interstate north to Exit7take the escalator(over there)down one floorwalk down that way until you come to the(snack bar)Giving location:It’s on(Dixon Street).at the corner of(Dixon Street and First Street)at the intersection of(Harrison Road and30th Street)on the north side of(Crystal Pond)in front of(the restaurant)near(the school)across(Dixon Street)from(the school)Checking understanding:What do I do after that?Do you think you’ve got it now?Are you with me?Section AA Suggested Complete Version for Reference:A:Could you please tell me how to get to the post office?B:Sure.Go to the corner and turn right.Walk two blocks to Main Street.Turn left,walk two you’’ll see the post office next to the bank.Have you got it?more blocks,and youA:I think so.Let me see.I go to the corner and turn right.B:Uh-huh.A:Then I walk two blocks to Main Street.Right?B:Um-hmm.A:And then I...Hmm.I forgot the last part.What do I do after that?B:You turn left,walk two more blocks,and you’ll see the post office next to the bank.A:Okay.you’’ve got it now?B:Do you think youA:I think so.Thanks very much.Part Four Comprehensive PracticeSection ADon’’t You?You Remember Me,DonScene:It’s the main hall of Paddington Station(one of the main London railway stations).It was late at night,but there were still a lot of people coming and going.There was a lot of noise from the trains.A good-looking,fair-haired Swiss girl of about twenty was sitting on her suitcase.Her chin was in her hands,and she looked tired and depressed.Nobody spoke to her;nobody even looked at her.Another young woman went past.She noticed the fair-haired girl.She stopped in surprise, turned round,and looked again.“Why,it’s Ann,isn’t it?”The fair-haired girl looked up.At first she didn’t know the other girl.“You remember me,don’t you?I’m Pauline.We were at school together.”Ann jumped to her feet.“Of course!My dear Pauline!I’m so glad to see you.”“I’m glad I noticed you.But what are you doing here?I didn’t know you were in England.”“I’m alone in London,”said Ann dramatically.“Tell me the whole story,”said Pauline.(Ann replied:)“I arrived from Zurich at one o’clock.I had lunch at Victoria Station.I think I spent a long time over it.And now I’m alone in London.I don’t know anybody.”(Pauline asked:)“Alone in London?What do you mean?You know me,don’t you?”(Ann said:)“I’ve had a terrible day.I must sit on this suitcase until tomorrow morning.I was going to stay with some people named Forests.But I’ve missed the last train.”Then Pauline said:“Missed the last train?Have you really?That’s bad luck.But how did you miss it?It seems rather silly.”Answers to the Questions:1.Good looking,fair-haired,about twenty.2.She was sitting on her suitcase with her chin in her hands,looking tired and depressed.3.She noticed the Swiss girl.She stopped in surprise,turned around and looked again.4.didn’t know the other girl.5.Now,I’m alone in London.6.because I missed the last train and can’t stay with the Forests.Section B“It isn’t far from Victoria to Paddington,but it took a long time to get there.I took a taxi, but still I arrived late.I ran into the station,and shouted‘Which is the four o’clock train for Brimstead?’But the porter thought I said‘Bristol’.He put me in a train just as it moved away from the station.I was very proud of catching the train at the last minute.I settled down in the compartment.There was an old gentleman,but I was too shy to speak to ter he gave me a cigarette,and we talked.We stopped at a place called Reading,and then went on.I thought the journey was taking a long time.Then a man came to collect our tickets.He looked at mine,and said‘Brimstead?You’re in the wrong train,Miss.’It was terrible.”“I’m sure it was,”said Pauline.“Poor Ann!”“I said,‘Stop the train!I must get out!’But the man said,‘We don’t stop again until Bristol.’At last we got there.I got out,and ran like the wind with my suitcase,to catch the next train back to London.I crossed the lines—a lot of porters shouted after me,but I didn’t stop.The London train was just leaving.It was a slow train:It stopped at every station.When I got back here,the last train to Brimstead had just gone.It’s only a small town,you see.”Pauline:But why are you sitting out here in the cold?Ann:It’s too stuffy in the waiting-room.But what about the Forests?They went to meet me at Brimstead station,and they don’t know where I am.Pauline:Haven’t you telephoned to them?Ann:I tried,but I’ve lost their number.And I don’t know how to talk on the English phone. Pauline:Why not?You speak very good English.Ann:I did when I was at school,but now that I am in London I don’t remember anything.It all dries up,especially on the phone.Pauline:You are a silly ass!Never mind,let’s call them up now.We can easily find out their e along—there’s a phone box on Platform One.Leave your luggagehere—it’s quite all right.Answers to the Questions:1.F2.T3.T4.F5.T6.T7.T8.T9.F。