自动化专业英语考试整理版

An energy source(a primary or secondary cell, a generator, and the like) converts chemical mechanical,thermal or some other form of energy into electric energy. An energy converter, also called load(such as a lamp, heating appliance, or electric motor), converts electric energy into light ，heat mechanical work ，and so on. 电源（如原生电池、再生电池和发电机等）将化学能、热能或其他形式的能量转换城电能。

能量转换器（也称作负载，比如灯泡、取暖器及发电机等）将电能转换成光、热和机械等能量AC. circuit analysis involves the addition of harmonic time functions having the same frequencies but different peak values and epoch angles. Direct addition of such functions.Would call for unwieldy trigonometric transformations. Simpler approaches are provided bythe Argand diagram (graphical solution) and by the method of complex numbers (analytical solution) 交流电路的分析包括对有相同频率、不同幅值和初相角的谐振时间函数的加法。

这些函数的直接相加将要求用到复杂的三角转换。

自动化专业英语试卷及答案第一篇：自动化专业英语试卷及答案2008年秋冬学期研究生专业英语期末考试试卷参考答案1.Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese ① Metric度量收敛方差随机等价动态方程判据、评价标准测量模型偏微分方程在概率意义上，依概率② Convergence③ Covariance④ Stochastic⑤ Equivalence⑥ Dynamic equation⑦ Criteria⑧ Measurement Model⑨ Partial derivative equation⑩ In the sense of probability2.Explain the following symbols in English① '' bmthe second order derivative ofb sub m, bdouble prime sub m②③④ A⇔BA is equivalent toapproaches aB xi→axi y∂y∂xxthe partial derivative ofwith respective toa⑤ ⎰b⑥ a‖b⑦⑧ 3=ffintegral between limits b to a a is parallel to the cube root of set aAbXaaA⊆X is contained in b d⑨ (a+b-c⨯d)÷edivided by ⑩ e plusminus c multiplied , allequals ∀ε,∃N,s.t ai→a as i→∞for any special ε, there is a respected N,such that aiapproachesaas i approaches∞二、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese Paragraph A[8 Points]A subsetd(x,y)<MA⊆Xis said to be bounded if there existsx,y∈AM∈Rsuch thatfor all.The diameter of A is defined to besup{d(x,y)x,y∈A}.A bounded metric space is one for which X itself is bounded.Bounded intervals in R are bounded sets.A discrete metric space is bounded(take译文：一个子集Ad(x,y)<MM=1).⊆X被称为是有界的，如果存在Mx,y∈A∈R使得对所有x,y∈A有。

Translate the following sentences into Chinese。

(2)Although current and voltage are the two basic variables in an electric circuit，they are not sufficient by themselves。

For practical purposes，we need to know how muchpower an electric device can handle。

虽然电流和电压是电路中的两个基本变量，但是它们本身是不足够的。

出于实用的目的，我们需要知道电气设备可以处理多大的功率。

(3)In any linear circuit containing multiple independent sources，the current or voltage at any point in the network may be calculated as the algebraic sum of the individual contributions of each source acting alone。

任一含有多个独立电源的线性电路，某处电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处分别产生的电压或电流的叠加。

(5)Since an 8-bit code can represent 256 segments，its codes for the same analogvalue are shown with the maximum analog signal of 1.5V equal to 255 。

Notice thatthe 8-bit code is two groups of 4-bit codes，which are also expressed inhexadecimal form。

自动化专业英语练习一、过去分词短语做后置定语练习1、A system characterized by the relation y=x2is not linear.2、Practically all PID controllers made today are based on microprocessors.3、The basic control system concept may be the simple block diagram shown inFig 1.4、A general structure of a closed-loop control system is given in Fig.1.5、The manipulated variable is the variable used to maintain the controlledvariable at its set point.6、This is a simple unity feedback system and is the standard block diagram usedto illustrate the basic concepts of control theory.7、In Figure.1.1, the sensor and the actuator are considered part of the blocklabeled “Process”.8、In the simplest situation, one controls a single plant variable, called the output,by means of adjustments to a single plant input.9、For instance, amplifiers used in control system often exhibit saturationeffect(饱和效应) when their input signals become large.10、M uch of this work was presented at the first conference of the newly formedInternational Federation of Automatic Control held in Moscow in 1960.二、介词短语做后置定语练习1、A mathematical model of a control system is essential.2、An open-loop system is a system without feedback.3、The input-output relationship in the Laplace domain is called the transferfunction.4、Because the systems under consideration are dynamic in nature, the descriptiveequations are usually differential equations.5、What is missing in the open-loop control system for more accurate and moreadaptable control is a link of feedback from the output to the input of the system.6、A system with one or more feedback paths is called a closed-loop system.7、Often the difference between the output of the system and the reference input is amplified and used to control the system so that the difference is continually r educed.8、According to this rule the blocks in parallel connection can be combined intoone block and the overall transfer function is then the sum of the individual block transfer function.9、The mathematical model describes the relationship between the input and theoutput of the system.10、In the present study, attention is confined to those systems for which theinput-output relationship is described by ordinary liner differential equations with constant coefficients.三、现在分词短语做后置定语练习1、A plant is a piece of equipment, perhaps just a set of machine parts functioningtogether, the purpose of which is to perform a particular operation.2、Diagrams representing these two basic strategies of control are shown in fig.1.3、The term mathematical model means the mathematical representationsdescribing the relationships among the variables of a system.4、Stability depends on the roots of the characteristic equation having negativereal parts.5、The transfer function description does not include an information concerningthe internal structure of the system.6、By using the physical laws describing the linear system, we can obtain a set oflinear differential equations.7、These signal processing tasks are implemented through the use of appropriatehardware called the controller.8、A control system is an organized collection of interacting units designed toachieve some specified objectives by manipulation and control of materials, energy, and information.9、Following transfer functions defined in the feedback control systems are veryuseful in our study.10、The transfer function of a system (or element)representsthe relationshipdescribing the dynamic of the system under consideration.四、其它形式的后置定语1、不定式做后置定语(1)In a radar tracking system, the position and speed of the target to be trackedmay vary in an unpredictable manner.(2)Measurement of the variable to be controlled is usually done by thecombination of sensor and transmitter.(3)The engineer designing a control system must be sure that the action takenaffects the variable to be controlled, that is, the action taken affects the measured value.2、形容词短语做后置定语(1)In order to obtain more accurate control, the controlled signal must be fed backand compared with the reference input, and an actuating signal proportional to the difference of the output and the input must be sent though the system to correct the error.3、定语从句做后置定语(1)Every feedback control system consists of components that perform specificfunctions.(2)There are many situations where several variables are to be controlledsimultaneously by a number of inputs.(3)When a system does not have the feedback structure, it is called an open-loopsystem, which is the simplest and most economical type ofthe control system.(4)An open-loop system is a system whose input u(t) does not depend on the output y(t)(5)Another approach to control systems design was introduced in 1948 byW.R.Evans, who was working in the field of guidance and control of aircraft.(6)Open loop refers to the condition in which the controller is disconnected fromthe process.(7)An automatic regulating system in which the output is a variable such astemperature, pressure, flow, liquid level, or pH is called a process control system.。

P2U1A The World of Control 生词与短语regulate v. 调整abound v. 大量存在aerodynamic adj. 空气动力学的power boost 功率助推装置damp v. 阻尼，减幅，衰减yaw n. 偏航altitude n. 海拔attitude n. 姿态intuition n. 直觉trail-and-error n. 试凑法dynamic response 动态响应disturbance n. 扰动parameter n. 参数modification n. 修正，修改transfer function 传递函数domain n. 域，领域advent n. 出现state variable 状态变量matrix algebra 矩阵代数approach n. 途径，方法；研究proponent n. 提倡者detractor n. 批评者tutorial adj. 指导性的subsequent adj. 后序的open-loop n. 开环closed-loop n. 闭环discrete adj. 离散的differential equation 微分方程difference equation 差分方程interval n. 间隔sampled-data n. 采样数据nonlinear adj. 非线性的time-invariant adj. 时不变的coefficient n. 系数stationary adj. 静态的lumped parameter 集中参数distributed parameter 分散参数spatial adj. 空间的spring n. 弹簧lead n. 导线resistance n. 阻抗uniform adj. 一致的elastic adj. 有弹性的ordinary differential equation 常微分方程partial differential equation 偏微分方程deterministic adj. 确定的stochastic adj. 随机的predictable adj. 可断定的probability theory 概率论multivariable n. 多变量configuration n. 构造，结构property n. 性质model n. 模型v. 建模linearization n. 线性化strategy n. 方法performance criteria 性能指标hardware n. 硬件development system 开发系统rationale n. 理论，原理的阐述难句翻译1] The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a lightly damped Dutch roll mode without a yaw damper system.飞行员的反应速度太慢，如果不附加阻尼偏航系统，飞行员就无法通过轻微阻尼的侧倾转向方式来驾驶飞机。

Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers直流驱动的闭环控制A basic scheme of the closed-loop speed control system employing current limit control, also known as parallel current control, is shown in Fig. 1-5B-1. ω* sets the speed reference. A signal proportional to the motor speed is obtained from the speed sensor. The speed sensor output is filtered to remove the AC ripple and compared with the speed reference.The speed error is processed through a speed controller. The output of the speed controller u c adjusts the rectifier firing angleαto make the actual speed close to the reference speed. The speed controller is usually a PI (proportional and integral) controller and serves three purposes—stabilizes the drive and adjusts the damping ratio at the desired value, makes the steady-state speed-error close to zero by integral action, and filters out noise again due to the integral action. The drive employs current limit control, the purpose of which is to prevent the current from exceeding safe values. As long as IA<Ix, where, Ix is the maximum permission value of IA, the current control loop does not affect the drive operation. If IA exceeds Ix, even by a small amount, a large output signal is produced by the threshold circuit, the current control, and the speed error iscorrected essential at a constant current equal to the maximum permission value.When the speed reaches close to the desired value, IA falls below IX, the current control goes out of action and speed controlled takes over. Thus in this scheme, at any given time the operation of the drive is mainly controlled either by the speed control loop or the current control loop, and hence it is also called parallel current control.Another scheme of closed-loop speed control is shown in Fig.1-5B-2. It employs an inner current control loop within an outer speed loop. The output of the current controller uc adjusts the converter firing angle such that the actual speed is brought to a value set by the speed commendωm*.Any positive speed error, cause by either an increase in the load torque, produces a higher current reference I a*. The motor accelerates due to an increase in I a, to correct the speed error and finally settles at a new I a* which makes the motor torque equal to the load torque and the speed error closed to zero.For any large positive speed error, the current limiter saturates and the current reference I a* is limited to a value I am*, and the drive current is not allowed to exceed the maximum permission value. The speed error is corrected at the maximum permissible armaturecurrent until the speed error becomes small and the current limiter comes out of saturation. Now the speed error is corrected with IA less than the permissible value.A negative speed error will set the current reference IA at a negative value. Since the motor current cannot reverse, a negative IA is of no use. It will however “charge” the PI controller. When the speed error becomes positive the “charged” PI controller will take a longer time to respond, causing unnecessary delay in the control action. The current limiter is therefore arranged to set a zero-current reference for negative speed errors.Since the speed control loop and the current control loop are in cascade, the inner current control is also known as cascade control. It is also called current guided control. It is more commonly used than the current-limit control because of the following advantages: 1.It provides faster response to any supply voltage disturbance.This can be explain by considering the response of two drives toa decrease in the supply voltage. A decrease in the supplyvoltage reduces the motor current and torque. In the current-limit control, the speed falls because the motor torque is less than the load torque that has not changed. The resulting speed error is brought to the original value by setting the rectifier firing angle at a lower value. In the case of inner currentcontrol, the decrease in motor current, due to the decrease in the supply voltage, produces a current error which changes the rectifier firing angle to bring the armature current back to the original value. The transient response is now governed by the electrical time constant of the motor. Since the electrical time constant of a drive is much smaller compared to the mechanical time constant, the inner current control provides a faster response to the supply voltage disturbance.2.For certain firing schemes, the rectifier and the control circuittogether have a constant gain under continuous of 5 percent.Under discontinuous conduction, the gain reduces. The higher the reduction is in the conduction angel, the greater the reduction is in the gain. The drive response becomes sluggish in discontinuous conduction and progressively deteriorates as the conduction angle reduces. If an attempt is made to design the drive for discontinuous conduction current control loop providesa closed loop around the rectifier and the control circuit, andtransient response of the drive with the inner current loop is superior to that with the current-limit control.3.In the current-limit control, the current must first exceed thepermissible value before the current-limit action can be initiated.Since the firing angle can be changed only at discrete intervals,substantial current overshoot can occur before the current limiting becomes effective.Small motors are more tolerant to high transient current. Therefore, to obtain a fast transient response is then needed only for abnormal values of current. In such cases because of the simplicity, current-limit control is employed.Both the schemes have different responses for the increase and decrease in the speed command. A decrease in speed command at the most can make the motor torque zero; it cannot be reversed as braking is not possible. The drive decelerates mainly due to the load torque. When load torque is low, the response to a decrease in the speed command will be slow. These drives are therefore suitable for application with large load torque, such as paper and printing machines, pumps, and blowers.。

自动化专业英语Introduction:Automation, a field that combines engineering and technology, plays a crucial role in various industries. As a result, proficiency in English for professionals in the field of automation is essential. This text aims to provide a comprehensive guide to mastering English in the context of automation, covering key vocabulary, technical terms, and common phrases.1. Vocabulary:1.1 Basic Automation Terms:- Automation: The use of technology and machines to perform tasks without human intervention.- Control system: A system that manages and regulates the operation of a machine, process, or equipment.- Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.- Human-Machine Interface (HMI): The interface that allows humans to interact with machines or automation systems.- Sensor: A device that detects and responds to physical input, such as temperature, pressure, or motion.1.2 Technical Terms:- SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): A system used to monitor and control industrial processes.- Robotics: The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, and operation of robots.- Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): The network of interconnected devices and systems used in industrial automation.- DCS (Distributed Control System): A control system used to manage and control complex processes in various industries.- PLC Programming: The process of writing and implementing programs for PLCs to control automation processes.2. Common Phrases:2.1 General Communication:- Could you please provide me with more information about the automation process?- I would like to discuss the optimization of our automation system.- We need to troubleshoot the HMI interface to ensure smooth operation.- Let's schedule a meeting to review the progress of the automation project.2.2 Reporting and Presenting:- According to the data collected by the sensors, there is a significant increase in temperature.- The PLC programming has been successfully implemented, resulting in improved efficiency.- The SCADA system provides real-time monitoring and control of the industrial processes.- The IIoT devices have been integrated into our automation system, enhancing connectivity.3. Case Study: Automation in ManufacturingIn the context of automation in manufacturing, let's consider a case study of a car assembly line.3.1 Vocabulary:- Assembly line: A production line where a product is assembled in a sequential manner.- Conveyor belt: A moving belt that transports materials or products along the assembly line.- Robotic arm: A mechanical arm programmed to perform specific tasks in the assembly process.- Quality control: The process of ensuring that products meet the required standards and specifications.3.2 Common Phrases:- The conveyor belt transports the car chassis to the next station for further assembly.- The robotic arm accurately places the engine in the designated position.- Quality control checks are conducted at multiple stages of the assembly line.- The automation system has significantly increased production efficiency and reduced errors.Conclusion:Mastering English in the field of automation is crucial for professionals to effectively communicate, collaborate, and excel in their careers. This text provides a comprehensive overview of key vocabulary, technical terms, and common phrases related to automation. By familiarizing oneself with these terms and phrases, professionals in the field can confidently engage in discussions, presentations, and reports related to automation.。

武汉科技大学自动化专业英语期末考试试卷1、Then the speaker _____the various factors leading to the economic crisis. [单选题] *A.went onB.went afterC.went into(正确答案)D.went for2、The Spring Festival is on the way.Many shops have _______ huge posters with the word sales. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put onC. put outD. put off3、—______ my surprise, Zhu Hui won the first prize in the speech contest. —But I think he could, because he kept practicing speaking.（）[单选题] *A. To(正确答案)B. AboutC. ForD. In4、Bob is young, _______ he knows a lot. [单选题] *A. becauseB. soC. but(正确答案)D. unless5、Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day [单选题] *A. ever sinceB. even ifC. soon afterD. in case(正确答案)6、Is there ____ for one more in the car? [单选题] *A. seatB. situationC. positionD. room(正确答案)7、I hope Tom will arrive _______ to attend the meeting. [单选题] *B. on time(正确答案)C. at timesD. from time to time8、Can you _______ this form? [单选题] *A. fillB. fill in(正确答案)C. fill toD. fill with9、77．–Hey! Any idea about learning abroad? --You （)google the College Board to learn the names of college you ____ be interested in [单选题] *A. may;needB. can; might (正确答案)C. will; shouldD. shall; must10、He was born in Canada, but he has made China his _______. [单选题] *A. familyB. addressD. home(正确答案)11、Mrs. Green has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. practiceB. newsC. messagesD. suggestions(正确答案)12、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] * A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have13、Don’t forget _______ those books when you are free. [单选题] *A. to read(正确答案)B. readingC. readD. to reading14、Marie is a _______ girl.She always smiles and says hello to others. [单选题] *A. shyB. friendly(正确答案)C. healthyD. crazy15、The（)majority of the members were against the idea. [单选题] *A. substantialB. enormousC. considerable(正确答案)D. overwhelming16、Many children have to _______ their parents. [单选题] *A. divide intoB. put onC. depend on(正确答案)D. take on17、Mary _______ a phone call with her mother now. [单选题] *A. will makeB. madeC. is making(正确答案)D. makes18、37．—What will you be ___________?—I'm not sure. Maybe I'll be a doctor like my father. [单选题] *A．right nowB．in the future(正确答案)C．at onceD．at the moment19、Tom didn’t _______ his exam again. It was a pity. [单选题] *A. failB. winC. pass(正确答案)D. beat20、31．A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] *A．toB．inC．for (正确答案)D．with21、The street was named _____ George Washington who led the American war for independence. [单选题] *A. fromB. withC. asD. after(正确答案)22、There are about eight ______ students in my school.（）[单选题] *A. hundred(正确答案)B. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of23、You needn’t _______ me. I’m old enough to take care of myself. [单选题] *A. worry about(正确答案)B. write downC. put awayD. wake up24、My sister _______ listen to music when she was doing her homework．[单选题] *A. used to(正确答案)B. use toC. is used toD. uses to25、Henry lives happily with his three cats. _______ of them are part of his family. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. All(正确答案)D. Neither26、John had planned to leave but he decided to stay in the hotel for _____ two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. another(正确答案)C. the otherD. others27、54．—________?—Yes, please. I'd like some beef. [单选题] *A．What do you wantB．May I try it onC．Can I help you(正确答案)D．What else do you want28、I don’t like snakes, so I ______ read anything about snakes.（）[单选题] *A. alwaysB. usuallyC. oftenD. never(正确答案)29、You should _______ fighting with your parents although you may have different ideas from time to time. [单选题] *A. suggestB. enjoyC. avoid(正确答案)D. practice30、Last week they _______ in climbing the Yuelu Mountain. [单选题] *A. succeeded(正确答案)B. succeedC. successD. successful。

（一）单词英译汉circuit components 电路元件root mean square values 均方根值Conductor导体effective value 有效值Wire 导线sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数Circuit diagram 电路图circuit parameters：电路参数Voltage drop电压降Time-invariant：时不变的Non-linear characteristic 非线性特性Storage battery：蓄电池ideal source 理想电源Load characteristic：负载特性ideal voltage source理想电压源Terminal voltage：端电压ideal current source理想电流源Active circuit elements 有源电路元件potential电位series and parallel equivalent circuit 串并联等值电路internal resistance 内阻complex number 复数vector 向量absolute value 绝对值complex peak value 复数幅值rotating vector 旋转变量logic circuit 逻辑电路digital circuit 数字电路chance variable 随机变量decimal number 十进制数logic condition 逻辑状态output lead 输出端logic OR function 逻辑或函数logic AND function 逻辑与电路logic NOT function 逻辑非电路logic NOR function 逻辑或非电路an assembled circuit 集成电路the processing, the storage and the transmission of information信息处理、存储和传送assembly cost 装配成本single chip microcomputer 单片机process control 过程控制Microprocessor 微处理器modular design 模块化设计interface 接口manual supervision 手动操作general-purpose elements 通用元件the large scale integrated circuit —the silicon chip大规模集成电路-硅片software engineering 软件工程civilian use 民用biometric security 生物识别安全系统security alarm system 防盗报警系统structured cabling 结构化布线router 路由器gateway 网关ventilation 通风air conditioning units 空调设备illumination 照明electron 电子heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration HVAC&R 暖通空调制冷protocol（数据传递的）协议performance map 性能图compressor 压缩机Micro-electromechanical Systems 微型机电系统automated diagnostics 自动诊断Intelligent Building 智能建筑smart home 智能家居Centralized management, decentralized control集中管理、分散控制registers 寄存器analog circuit 模拟电路feedback 反馈amplifier 放大器actuator执行机构regulate调节Artificial intelligence人工智能word recognition 文字识别Adaptive Control自适应控制telecommunication 电信terminal 终端water supply and discharge 给排水weak electricity 弱电architecture建筑学manipulate 操作office automation 办公自动化运算放大器operational amplifieraddition 加subtraction 减multiplication 乘integration 积分single phase circuit 单相电路transducer 传感器。