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1.1.1 We consider the flow of electric charges. A unique feature of electric charge or electricity is the fact that it is mobile; that is, it can be transferred from one place to another, where it can be converted to another form of energy.我们认为电荷是流动的。
电荷和电的特点是它具有流动性；即它可以从一个地方转移到另一个地方，在转移的过程中，电荷或电能转变为另一种形式的能量。
1.1.2 The power absorbed or supplied by an element is the product of the voltage across the element and the current through it.一个元件吸收或者发出的功率是元件两端的电压和通过该元件的电流的乘积。
1.2.1 We might observe at this point that the polarity marks on Fig.1-4(b) are redundant since the polarity could be defined by the positions of the longer and shorter lines.大家或许注意到图1-4(b)所标注的极性是多余的。
因为恒压源的极性可以用长线、短线来定义。
1.2.2 It should be noted that an ideal voltage source (dependent or independent) will produce any current required to ensure that the terminal voltage is as stated, whereas an ideal current source will produce the necessary voltage to ensure the stated current flow.应该注意一个理想电压源，(独立和受控)可向电路提供任意电流，以保证其端电压为规定值，而理想电流源，可向电路提供任意电压以保证其规定电流。
Translate the following sentences into Chinese。
(2)Although current and voltage are the two basic variables in an electric circuit，they are not sufficient by themselves。
For practical purposes，we need to know how muchpower an electric device can handle。
虽然电流和电压是电路中的两个基本变量，但是它们本身是不足够的。
出于实用的目的，我们需要知道电气设备可以处理多大的功率。
(3)In any linear circuit containing multiple independent sources，the current or voltage at any point in the network may be calculated as the algebraic sum of the individual contributions of each source acting alone。
任一含有多个独立电源的线性电路，某处电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处分别产生的电压或电流的叠加。
(5)Since an 8-bit code can represent 256 segments，its codes for the same analogvalue are shown with the maximum analog signal of 1.5V equal to 255 。
Notice thatthe 8-bit code is two groups of 4-bit codes，which are also expressed inhexadecimal form。
工业自动化专业英语复习资料Unit 10signal conditioner 信号调理器electric motor 电动机solenoid 螺线管electromechanically 机电地a solid-state device 含半导体的固体设备actuate solenoid valve 启动电磁阀cylinder 气缸sequential control system 顺序控制系统rinse 漂洗stepper motor 步进电动机servomotor 伺服电动机electric stove 电炉ceramic fiber 陶瓷on-off 开关式proportional（throttling）节流式to complicate matters 很复杂的是line specification 管线规格inlet pressure 入口压力differential pressure 差压flow characteristics of the valve 阀的流量特性linear，equal percentage，quick-opening 线性，等百分比，快开fail-safe mode故障安全模式fail-closed /open valve气关/开型bellow seals波纹管密封vendor 卖方，厂家threeway /angle/gate/diaphragm/pinch/rotary/ ball/ butterfly/ plug valve三通/角阀/闸阀/隔膜阀/夹管阀/旋钮阀/球阀/蝶阀/柱塞阀flanged/threaded /welded connections法兰连接/线接/焊接cast iron 铸铁cooling fins 散热片packing 填料deformable 变形的chemically inert 化学惰性leakage 泄露hydraulic actuator 液动执行机构pneumatic actuator 气动执行机构modulate 调制，调节vent 排放elastic 有弹性的Unit 11process modeling and system identification 过程建模和系统辨识mathematical model 数学模型input-output relationship 输入输出关系tremendous process 巨大的几步heat transfer coefficient 热传导系数chemical reaction rate 化学反应速率damping factor 阻尼系数optimal and adaptive control theories最优化和自适应控制理论time-varying parameter 时变参数communication channel probing 通信信道探测system and fault testing 系统和故障检测econometrics 计量经济学have long sought 一直寻求。
欧姆定律Ohm’s law states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance.法拉第定律Faraday’s states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor .基尔霍夫第一定律Kirchhoff’s first law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed loop is 0,or,in any closed loop, sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of voltage drops.运放The first law states that in normal op-amp circuits we may assume that the voltage difference between the input terminals is zero, that is, U+=U-.The second law states that in normal op-amp circuits both of the input currents may be assumed to be zero: I+=I-电路理论theory of circuit模拟电子技术analog electronics technology数字电子技术digital electronics technology电力电子技术power electronics technology电磁场electromagnetic field电机与拖动electric motor and electric drive电力拖动自动控制系统electric drive automatic control system自动控制理论automatic control theory现代控制理论modern control theory智能控制intelligent control微机原理principle of microcomputer计算机接口技术computer interface technology计算机控制技术computer control technology自动调节装置automatic regulators过程控制系统process control system过程检测及仪表process measurement and instrument单片机原理与应用principle and application of single-chip computer 可编程序控制器系统programmable logical controller system现场总线技术fieldbus technology嵌入式系统embedded system供电技术power supplying technology计算机仿真computer simulation信号分析与处理signal analyzing and processing集散控制系统distributed control system楼宇自动化building automation机器人学roboticsGTO gate turn-off thyristor门极可关断晶闸管GJT bipolar junction transistor双极结型晶体管SCR。
自动化专业英语Introduction:Automation, a field that combines engineering and technology, plays a crucial role in various industries. As a result, proficiency in English for professionals in the field of automation is essential. This text aims to provide a comprehensive guide to mastering English in the context of automation, covering key vocabulary, technical terms, and common phrases.1. Vocabulary:1.1 Basic Automation Terms:- Automation: The use of technology and machines to perform tasks without human intervention.- Control system: A system that manages and regulates the operation of a machine, process, or equipment.- Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.- Human-Machine Interface (HMI): The interface that allows humans to interact with machines or automation systems.- Sensor: A device that detects and responds to physical input, such as temperature, pressure, or motion.1.2 Technical Terms:- SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): A system used to monitor and control industrial processes.- Robotics: The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, and operation of robots.- Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): The network of interconnected devices and systems used in industrial automation.- DCS (Distributed Control System): A control system used to manage and control complex processes in various industries.- PLC Programming: The process of writing and implementing programs for PLCs to control automation processes.2. Common Phrases:2.1 General Communication:- Could you please provide me with more information about the automation process?- I would like to discuss the optimization of our automation system.- We need to troubleshoot the HMI interface to ensure smooth operation.- Let's schedule a meeting to review the progress of the automation project.2.2 Reporting and Presenting:- According to the data collected by the sensors, there is a significant increase in temperature.- The PLC programming has been successfully implemented, resulting in improved efficiency.- The SCADA system provides real-time monitoring and control of the industrial processes.- The IIoT devices have been integrated into our automation system, enhancing connectivity.3. Case Study: Automation in ManufacturingIn the context of automation in manufacturing, let's consider a case study of a car assembly line.3.1 Vocabulary:- Assembly line: A production line where a product is assembled in a sequential manner.- Conveyor belt: A moving belt that transports materials or products along the assembly line.- Robotic arm: A mechanical arm programmed to perform specific tasks in the assembly process.- Quality control: The process of ensuring that products meet the required standards and specifications.3.2 Common Phrases:- The conveyor belt transports the car chassis to the next station for further assembly.- The robotic arm accurately places the engine in the designated position.- Quality control checks are conducted at multiple stages of the assembly line.- The automation system has significantly increased production efficiency and reduced errors.Conclusion:Mastering English in the field of automation is crucial for professionals to effectively communicate, collaborate, and excel in their careers. This text provides a comprehensive overview of key vocabulary, technical terms, and common phrases related to automation. By familiarizing oneself with these terms and phrases, professionals in the field can confidently engage in discussions, presentations, and reports related to automation.。
（一）单词英译汉circuit components 电路元件root mean square values 均方根值Conductor导体effective value 有效值Wire 导线sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数Circuit diagram 电路图circuit parameters：电路参数Voltage drop电压降Time-invariant：时不变的Non-linear characteristic 非线性特性Storage battery：蓄电池ideal source 理想电源Load characteristic：负载特性ideal voltage source理想电压源Terminal voltage：端电压ideal current source理想电流源Active circuit elements 有源电路元件potential电位series and parallel equivalent circuit 串并联等值电路internal resistance 内阻complex number 复数vector 向量absolute value 绝对值complex peak value 复数幅值rotating vector 旋转变量logic circuit 逻辑电路digital circuit 数字电路chance variable 随机变量decimal number 十进制数logic condition 逻辑状态output lead 输出端logic OR function 逻辑或函数logic AND function 逻辑与电路logic NOT function 逻辑非电路logic NOR function 逻辑或非电路an assembled circuit 集成电路the processing, the storage and the transmission of information信息处理、存储和传送assembly cost 装配成本single chip microcomputer 单片机process control 过程控制Microprocessor 微处理器modular design 模块化设计interface 接口manual supervision 手动操作general-purpose elements 通用元件the large scale integrated circuit —the silicon chip大规模集成电路-硅片software engineering 软件工程civilian use 民用biometric security 生物识别安全系统security alarm system 防盗报警系统structured cabling 结构化布线router 路由器gateway 网关ventilation 通风air conditioning units 空调设备illumination 照明electron 电子heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration HVAC&R 暖通空调制冷protocol（数据传递的）协议performance map 性能图compressor 压缩机Micro-electromechanical Systems 微型机电系统automated diagnostics 自动诊断Intelligent Building 智能建筑smart home 智能家居Centralized management, decentralized control集中管理、分散控制registers 寄存器analog circuit 模拟电路feedback 反馈amplifier 放大器actuator执行机构regulate调节Artificial intelligence人工智能word recognition 文字识别Adaptive Control自适应控制telecommunication 电信terminal 终端water supply and discharge 给排水weak electricity 弱电architecture建筑学manipulate 操作office automation 办公自动化运算放大器operational amplifieraddition 加subtraction 减multiplication 乘integration 积分single phase circuit 单相电路transducer 传感器。
专业英语复习（Z10101）题型：1、单词英汉互译（24*1）2、选择题（8*2）3、课文段落翻译（8*6）4、综合题（1*12）：a、摘要；b、通知；c、面试对话；d、产品说明书；e、简历一、翻译（8*6）1、纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。
因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt式中di/dt=电流变化率，安培/秒；L=感应系数，享利。
2、三相电压的产生三相电路可由三个频率相同在时间相位上相差120°电角度的电动势供电。
3、运算放大器像广义放大器这样的电子器件存在的一个问题就是它们的增益AU或AI取决于双端口系统(m、b、RI、Ro等)的内部特性。
器件之间参数的分散性和温度漂移给设计工作增加了难度。
4、但是，它们的缺点是在电力系统中产生谐波，对其他用户产生供电质量问题。
此外，晶闸管变换器给电力系统提供了一个滞后的低功率因数负载。
二极管整流器是最简单、可能也是最重要的电力电子电路。
5、逆变器是从一侧接受直流电压，在另一侧将其转换成交流电压的装置。
根据应用情况，交流电压和频率可以是可变的或常数。
逆变器可分成电压源型和电流源型两种。
6、永磁电机相对于常规直流电机有几个优点。
优点之一是减少了运行损耗。
永磁电机的转速特性类似于并励式直流电机的转速特性。
永磁电机的旋转方向可通过将电源线反接来实现。
7、ωm*为速度参考值。
正比于电机速度的信号可从速度传感器获得。
速度传感器的输出滤除交流波，并与速度参考值比较，速度误差被速度控制器处理，速度控制器的输出uc调整整流器的触发角α，以使实际的速度接近于参考速度。
8、闭环速度控制的另一种示意图如图1-5B-2所示。
在外环速度回路中采用内环电流控制回路。
速度控制器的输出ec用于电流控制器，为内环电流控制回路设置电流参考值Ia*。
9、对绕线式转子电机而言，转子绕组与定子绕组类似，但鼠笼式电机的转子具有鼠笼状结构，并且有两个短路环。
element n、元件，成分node n、节点branch n、分支loop n、回路resistor n、电阻器impedance n、阻抗analog n、模拟digital adj、数字的pulse n、脉冲interface n、接触面，界面decoder n、解码器transformer n、变压器single-phase 单相pulsate vi、脉动three-phase power三相电源three-phase circuit 三相电路wye connection 星形连接delta connection 三角形连接phase voltage 相电压line voltage 线电压voltmeter n、电压表ammeter n、电流表clamp-on ammeter钳式安培表solid-state adj、固态的valve n、真空管，活栓semiconductor n、半导体switching n、开关diode n、二极管inverter n、反向换流器(逆变器) thyristor n、硅可控整流器inverter thyristor 晶闸管逆变器transistor n、晶体管substantial adj、牢固的fluorescent lamp ballast 荧光灯镇流器HVDC transmission system 高压直流输电系统induction motor 感应电动机rectifier n、整流器thyratron n、闸流管ignitron n、引燃管，放电管cycloconverter n、循环变流器spectrum n、光谱wafer n、圆片，晶片chopper n、斩波器polarity n、极性silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) n、可控硅整流器gate turn-off thyristors (GTO) n、门极可关断晶闸管MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT) n、MOS控制晶闸管insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) n、绝缘栅双极型晶体管bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) n、双极结型晶体管（三极管）field-effect transistors (FETs) n、场效应管forward-bias 正向偏置reverse-biased 反向偏置silicon-controlled 可控硅metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET) n、金属氧化层半导体场效应晶体管generator n、发电机electro-mechanical 机电electromagnetic adj、电磁的integral adj、积分的commutator n、换向器turbine n、涡轮机，汽轮机vibrating n、振荡oscillating v、振荡hydraulic adj、水力的cylinder n、汽缸power electronics 电力电子rating ranging额定范围capacitor n、电容器inductor n、感应器armature n、电枢reactance n、电抗resistance n、电阻transient adj、瞬时的，短暂的instantaneous adj、瞬间的electromotive force (emf) 电动势rheostat n、可变电阻器squirrel-cage n、鼠笼式adapter n、适配器brushless n、无刷out-of-synchronous adj、不同步的，失步的substation n、变电站circuit breaker 断路器compensator n、补偿器，自耦变压器busbar n、母线load frequency control 负荷频率控制optimal power flow 潮(电)流优化switchgear n、开关设备current rating额定电流voltage class电压等级solenoid n.螺线管auto-reclosing 自动重合闸(装置) glow-discharge n、辉光放电varistor n、压敏电阻，变阻器furnace n、燃烧室pulverizer n.粉煤机boiler n、蒸发器electrostatic adj、静电的electrostatic precipitator 电除尘coal hopper 煤斗burner 燃烧器cooling tower冷却塔feed water pump给水泵heater exchanger 热交换器condenser n、冷凝器turbogenerator n、涡轮发电机single-stage turbine 单级汽轮机multi-stage turbine 多级汽轮机superheater n、过热器high-pressure turbine 高压汽轮机reheater n、再热器intermediate-pressure turbine 中压汽轮机low-pressure turbine 低压汽轮机acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应electromagnet n、电磁体stator n.定子baseload n、基本负载photovoltaic adj、光电的battery back-up system 电池备份系统performance characteristics 运行特性physical property 物理特性manipulated variable 操纵变量feedback n、反馈comparator n、比较器disturbance n、扰动actuate v、开动flipping n、翻转luminous flux 光通量lumens n、流明variable n、变量accelerator depression 对加速的抑制accelerator pedal加速踏板carburetor butterfly valve化油器阀门light bulb 灯泡relay n、继电器photocell n、光电池follow-up system 随动系统external intervention 外部干预interdependent elements 相互依存的元件stimuli n、激励thermostat control 恒温控制cowl flap 整流罩flyball-governed 离心式调速器restraining spring 限制弹簧differential equation 微分方程independent variable 独立变量Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换ratio n、比率initial condition 初始条件super-position 叠加性open-circuit 开路s-domain s域dynamic response 动态响应transient response 瞬态响应steady-state response 稳态响应angular position 角位置finite steady-state error 有限稳态误差servomechanism n、伺服机构process control 过程控制proportional term 比例项proportional gain 比例增益tuning parameter 整定参数instantaneous time 瞬时时间integral term 积分项accumulated offset 累计偏移量derivative term 微分项slope n、斜率fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑fuzzifier module 模糊逻辑块fuzzy inference engine 模糊推理机defuzzifier module 去模糊器模块microcontroller n、微控制器microprocessor n、微处理器integrated circuit 集成电路programmable logic controller程序控制逻辑器sensor n、传感器detector n.探测器,检波器elevator n.电梯sensitivity n.灵敏性offset n.偏移量bode n.伯德图lag n.滞后threshold n.阈值thermistor n、电热调节器thermocouple n.热电偶coil n、线圈bobbin n、线轴substrate n、基底linearity n、线性strain n、应变gauge v、测量insulating adj、绝缘的Wheatstone bridge 惠斯登电桥transmitter n、传导物，发报机sender n、寄件人，发报机indicator n、指示器piezometer n、压力计，压强计manometer n、压力计bourdon tube n、波尔登压力计deflection n、偏差dielectric n、电介质，绝缘体piezoresistance n、压电电阻tiltmeter n、测量地面倾斜角度之仪器oscillator n、振荡器crosstalk 串扰，交调失真air gap 空气隙cross-sectional area 横截面积reluctance n、磁阻armature n、电枢rectification n、校正，整流demodulation n、解调，检波filtering n、过滤variable-reluctance tacho generator n、可变磁阻测速发电机inductance n、感应系数waveform n、波形Ⅱ。
Translate the following sentences into Chinese。
(2)Although current and voltage are the two basic variables in an electric circuit，they are not sufficient by themselves。
For practical purposes，we need to know how much power an electric device can handle。
