【全国百强校】湖北省荆州市沙市区沙市中学2020-2021学年高一12月月考物理试题

2022—2023学年度上学期2022级第二次月考物理试卷（答案在最后）考试时间：2022年11月6日一、选择题(本题共11小题，每题4分，共44分。

其中第1-7题为单选题，第8-11题为多选题。

全对4分，选对但不全的得4分，有错选的得0分)1．关于重心，下列说法正确的是（）A．重心就是物体内最重的一点，每个物体只有一个重心B．一根质量分布均匀的柱形铁棒由直变弯，在形状改变后其重心位置不变C．形状规则的物体，它的重心可能不在物体的几何中心D．重心是物体所受重力的作用点，所以重心总是在物体上，不可能在物体外2．2021年8月3日，东京奥运会体操女子平衡木单项决赛结束，中国选手管晨辰、唐茜靖包揽金、银牌。

比赛中，体操运动员站在水平的平衡木上处于静态平衡状态。

则下列说法正确的是（）A．人受到支持力是因为脚底发生了形变B．平衡木对人的支持力与人的重力是一对平衡力C．平衡木对人的支持力大于人对平衡木的压力D．平衡木对人的支持力与人对平衡木的压力的合力为03．如图所示，在大小均为F的两个水平力的作用下，长方体物块A、B相对于水平地面保持静止，下列说法正确的是（）A．A、B间的摩擦力大小为F，B与水平地面间的摩擦力大小也为FB．A、B间的摩擦力大小等于F，B与水平地面间的摩擦力为零C．A、B间的摩擦力大小为2F，B与水平地面间的摩擦力大小为FD．A、B间的摩擦力大小为2F，B与水平地面间的摩擦力为零4．如图所示，在两块相同的竖直木板之间，有质量均为m的4块相同的砖，用两个大小均为F的水平力压木板，使砖块静止不动，则第2块砖对第3块砖的摩擦力大小是（）A．0B．mgC．12mg D．2mg5．如图所示，5个力同时作用于一点，5个力大小和方向相当于正六边形的两条边和三条对角线，已知F1=10N，则这5个力的合力的大小为（）A．30N B．40NC．50N D．60N6．如图所示，在水平天花板的A 点处固定一根轻杆a ，杆与天花板保持垂直，杆的下端有一个轻滑轮.O 一根细线上端固定在该天花板的B 点处，细线跨过滑轮O ，下端系一个重为G 的物体，BO 段细线与天花板的夹角为30θ=，系统保持静止，不计一切摩擦，下列说法中正确的是( )A ．细线BO 对天花板的拉力大小是2GB ．a 杆对滑轮的作用力大小是32G C ．a 杆对滑轮的作用力大小是GD ．a 杆和细线对滑轮的合力大小是G7．有一个直角支架AOB ，AO 水平放置，表面粗糙，OB 竖直放置，表面光滑。

2024—2025学年度上学期2024级期中考试生物试卷考试时间：2024年10月25日一、选择题：本题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分，每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1．恐龙已经在地球上灭绝6600多万年了，但我们仍可推测，在组成恐龙的各种元素中含量最多的四种是A．C、O、Ca、K B．C、O、H、NC．O、C、N、P D．C、H、O、P2．下列关于生活中一些生物学问题的理解，正确的是A．人体每天需要量最多的有机物是糖类，所以主食应该首选粮食制品B．精瘦肉中含量最多的化合物是蛋白质，应该多吃以补充蛋白质C．无糖八宝粥不另外添加蔗糖，不含糖类，适合糖尿病人食用D．脂质一般会使人发胖，应该尽量不要摄入3．《黄帝内经》中提出了“五谷为养，五果为助，五畜为益，五菜为充”的膳食观点。

下列关于糖类、蛋白质和脂肪等营养物质的说法正确的是A．“五谷”中富含淀粉，同时还含有少量糖原和纤维素B．“五畜”中富含脂质和蛋白质，二者的组成元素都相同C．“五果”与“五菜”富含纤维素，虽不能作为人体的能源，也需适量摄入D．碳链是糖类、蛋白质和脂肪等生物大分子的骨架4．航天员在空间站内生活离不开航天食品，这些食品必须有足够的蛋白质、糖类、脂质、无机盐等营养物质。

下列有关说法正确的是A．若航天员没有及时进食，体内的脂肪也能大量转化为糖类氧化分解供能B．若航天员摄取足量糖类营养，糖类也能转变为必需氨基酸，用于合成蛋白质C．航天员摄取的脂肪，既是细胞中良好的储能物质，又是构成细胞膜的重要成分D．航天员饮用含维生素D的钙奶，既可以补充机体所需营养，又可以预防骨质疏松5．在某治疗创伤的中药方剂中，羚羊角或犀牛角的用量极少，但若不用这味药，疗效会大大降低甚至无效。

实际上，动物角的主要成份是角蛋白（已变性），因此羚羊角或犀牛角中的特效成分最可能是A．某些必需氨基酸B．某些核苷酸C．某些微量元素D．某些特殊活性的蛋白质6．下列关于细胞中的元素和化合物的叙述，正确的是A．同一个体不同细胞中同一化合物的含量也是有差别的B．组成细胞的有机化合物都含有N元素C．无机自然界中的元素在细胞中都能找到D．细胞中各种元素的相对含量与无机自然界基本相同7．下列关于生物体内水分和无机盐的叙述，正确的是A．旱生植物具有较强的抗旱性，原因之一是自由水相对含量较高B．无机盐参与维持细胞的酸碱平衡，也参与有机物的合成C．秋季开始，植物细胞内结合水/自由水的比例下降，细胞代谢减慢D．生理盐水能维持植物细胞的形态，防止细胞过度吸水而涨破8．下列关于构成生物体蛋白质的氨基酸的说法，错误的是A．一个氨基酸可以含有多个氨基或羧基B．有些氨基酸能够在人体细胞中合成C．有的氨基酸呈酸性，有的氨基酸呈碱性，这主要取决于R基团D．氨基酸共有21种，每种生物体内都含有21种氨基酸9．被称为“中药三宝”之一的阿胶是用驴皮为主要原材料熬制而成的，含有大量的胶原蛋白呈暗红的凝胶状，对贫血、营养不良等有明显的疗效。

湖北省沙市中学2022-2023学年高一上学期第一次月考历史试题考试时间：2022年9月22日一、选择题（本大题30小题，每题2分，共60分）1．位于浙江省杭州市的良诸遗址以良诸古城为核心，考、古学界认为“良渚文化是中华文明的一个源头”。

对遗址的考古发现证实，距今5000年左右长江下游地区已经出现早期国家，进入了文明社会。

下列有关良渚文化的表述正确的是：A．仍然处于旧石器时代B．是奴隶社会繁荣时期C．以粟为主要栽培作物D．此时私有制已经产生2．1979年，在辽宁喀左东山嘴遗址发现了红山文化石砌建筑遗址、玉器与陶塑人像；1983年，在临近地区又发现了红山文化牛河梁遗址群并发掘了其中的“女神庙”与积石冢。

这两项重大发现对考古界根深蒂固的中原中心、汉族中心的传统观念提出了挑战。

材料表明：A.红山文化是中华文明的中心B.考古发现可以影响历史研究C.考古发现能够还原历史面貌D.考古是历史研究的最佳途径3．在河北武安磁山新石器时代遗址中，有80座窖穴内发现了粮食堆积，一般厚度0.3—2米，其中有10座窖穴堆积达2米以上，出土时部分颗粒清晰可见有粟的痕迹；在河北正定南杨庄遗址中，同样也发现了粟。

据此可知，当时此地：A.采用刀耕火种的耕作方式B.种植业为主饲养业为辅C.氏族内部出现了贫富分化D.原始农业得到一定发展4．考古学者在中原龙山文化的山西襄汾陶寺遗址中发现墓地有一千多座，大型墓长3米上下、宽2米多，随葬品有彩绘陶器、彩绘木器、玉或石制的礼器等，数量可达一、二百件。

但这种规格的墓葬不及墓葬总数的1%，由此可推断：A．社会生产与分工日趋精密细致B．早期不同文明区域的交流C．中国即将迈入阶级社会的门槛D．黄河流域已进入青铜文明5．关于启的继位,古书中有不同记载。

《史记•夏本纪》写道:“益(禹晚年培养的接班人)让帝禹之子启。

”《战国策》记载:“启与支党攻益,而夺之天下,是禹名传天下于益,其实令启自取之。

”这说明：A.久远的历史难以形成统一的定论B.从公天下到家天下并非一帆风顺C.从公天下到家天下是历史的进步D.启的继位顺应了历史发展的趋势6．由于出土了大量文物，河南偃师二里头的文化遗址被考古学界认为是寻找“夏墟”的重大发现。

2020-2021学年湖北省荆州市沙市中学高一上学期期中数学试卷一、选择题（共8小题）.1．（5分）已知全集U＝{x|x≤4}，A＝{x|﹣2＜x＜3}，B＝{x|﹣3≤x≤2}，则（∁U A）⋃（∁U B）＝（）A．（﹣∞，﹣2]∪（2，+∞）B．（﹣∞，﹣2]∪（2，4]C．（﹣∞，﹣2）∪[2，4]D．（﹣3，4]2．（5分）下列从集合A到集合B的对应中，是映射的是（）A．A＝{0，3}，B＝{0，1}，f：x→y＝2xB．A＝{﹣2，0，2}，B＝{4}，f：x→y＝|x|C．A＝R，B＝{y|y＞0}，f：x→y＝D．A＝R，B＝R，f：x→y＝2x+13．（5分）若，则f（0）＝（）A．1B．0C．D．4．（5分）已知函数f（2x）的定义域为，则函数f（1﹣3x）的定义域是（）A．B．C．（0，3）D．5．（5分）函数f（x）＝﹣x2﹣2x在[a，b]上的值域是[﹣3，1]，若b＝1，则a+b的取值集合为（）A．[﹣3，﹣1]B．[﹣2，0]C．[﹣4，0]D．[﹣2，1]6．（5分）函数在（2，+∞）上单调递增，则实数a的取值范围是（）A．（1，+∞）B．[﹣2，+∞）C．（﹣2，+∞）D．[﹣2，﹣1）∪（1，+∞）7．（5分）已知y＝f（x+1）为偶函数，且y＝f（x）在[1，+∞）上单调递增，则不等式的解集为（）A．（）B．[）C．（）D．[）8．（5分）若关于x的方程x|x﹣a|＝a有三个不相同的实根，则实数a的取值范围为（）A．（0，4）B．（﹣4，0）C．（﹣∞，﹣4）∪（4，+∞）D．（﹣4，0）∪（0，4）二、多选题（共4小题）9．（5分）若＜＜0，则下列不等式中，正确的不等式有（）A．a+b＜ab B．|a|＞|b|C．a＜b D．+＞2 10．（5分）下列说法正确的有（）A．函数在其定义域内是减函数B．命题“∃x∈R，x2+x+1＞0”的否定是“∀x∈R，x2+x+1≤0”C．两个三角形全等是两个三角形相似的必要条件D．若y＝f（x）为奇函数，则y＝xf（x）为偶函数11．（5分）已知幂函数f（x）＝xα的图象经过点（16，4），则下列命题正确的有（）A．函数是偶函数B．函数是增函数C．当x＞1时，f（x）＞1D．当0＜x1＜x2时，12．（5分）若函数的值域为[0，+∞），则a的可能取值为（）A．0B．2C．4D．6二、填空题（每小题5分，共20分）13．（5分）已知f（x）为R上的奇函数，且当x＞0时，f（x）＝x2+x+1；那么y＝f（x）在x＜0上的解析式为．14．（5分）已知，则＝．15．（5分）已知函数f（x）＝x|x|，若f（2a+1）≥f（4﹣a），则a的取值范围是．16．（5分）已知正数x，y满足2x+y＝xy+a，当a＝0时，x+y的最小值为；当a ＝﹣2时，x+y的最小值为．三、解答题（70分）17．（10分）记函数f（x）＝的定义域为A，g（x）＝（a＜1）的定义域为B．（1）求A；（2）若B⊆A，求实数a的取值范围．18．（12分）已知函数是定义在（﹣1，1）上的奇函数，且．（1）求f（x）的解析式；（2）用定义证明：f（x）在区间（﹣1，1）上是增函数；（3）解关于t的不等式f（t﹣1）+f（t）＞0．19．（12分）在某次水下考古活动中，需要潜水员潜入水深为30米的水底进行作业．其用氧量包含3个方面：①下潜时，平均速度为v（米/单位时间），单位时间内用氧量为v2；②在水底作业需5个单位时间，每个单位时间用氧量为0.4；③返回水面时，平均速度为（米/单位时间），单位时间用氧量为0.2．记该潜水员在此次考古活动中，总用氧量为y．（1）将y表示为v的函数；（2）试确定下潜速度v，使总的用氧量最少．20．（12分）已知函数f（x）对一切实数x，y都有f（x+y）﹣f（y）＝x（x+2y+1）成立，且f（1）＝0．（1）求f（0）的值，及f（x）的解析式；（2）当﹣2≤x≤1时，不等式f（x）﹣a≥（1﹣a）x﹣5恒成立，求a的取值范围．21．（12分）已知函数（1）画出函数f（x）图象，并指出函数f（x）在区间（0，1）及[1，+∞）上的单调性；（2）当0＜a＜b，且f（a）＝f（b）时，求的值；（3）若对所有的x∈[1，2]，a∈[﹣1，1]，都有恒成立，求实数m的取值范围．22．（12分）对于定义域为D的函数f（x），若同时满足下列条件：①f（x）在D内有单调性；②存在区间[a，b]⊆D，使f（x）在区间[a，b]上的值域也为[a，b]，则称f（x）为D上的“和谐”函数，[a，b]为函数f（x）的“和谐”区间．（Ⅰ）求“和谐”函数y＝x3符合条件的“和谐”区间；（Ⅱ）判断函数是否为“和谐”函数？并说明理由．（Ⅲ）若函数是“和谐”函数，求实数m的取值范围．参考答案一、单选题（每小题5分，40分）1．（5分）已知全集U＝{x|x≤4}，A＝{x|﹣2＜x＜3}，B＝{x|﹣3≤x≤2}，则（∁U A）⋃（∁U B）＝（）A．（﹣∞，﹣2]∪（2，+∞）B．（﹣∞，﹣2]∪（2，4]C．（﹣∞，﹣2）∪[2，4]D．（﹣3，4]【分析】根据全集U求出A的补集，找出A补集与B补集的并集即可．解：∵全集U＝{x|x≤4}，A＝{x|﹣2＜x＜3}，B＝{x|﹣3≤x≤2}，∴∁U A＝{x|x≤﹣2或3≤x≤4}，∁U B＝{x|x＜﹣3或2＜x≤4}∴（∁U A）⋃（∁U B）＝（﹣∞，﹣2]∪（2，4]．故选：B．2．（5分）下列从集合A到集合B的对应中，是映射的是（）A．A＝{0，3}，B＝{0，1}，f：x→y＝2xB．A＝{﹣2，0，2}，B＝{4}，f：x→y＝|x|C．A＝R，B＝{y|y＞0}，f：x→y＝D．A＝R，B＝R，f：x→y＝2x+1【分析】根据映射的定义，逐一判断四个答案中的对应，是否满足映射的定义，可得答案．解：A中对应，当x＝3时B中无对应元素，故不是映射；B中对应，A中任一元素的绝对值在B中均无对应元素，故不是映射；C中对应，当x＝0时，B中无对应元素，故不是映射；D中对应，任意x∈A＝R，都有唯一y＝2x+1∈B＝R与之对应，故是映射；故选：D．3．（5分）若，则f（0）＝（）A．1B．0C．D．【分析】根据题意，由函数的解析式：在f[g（x）]＝f（1﹣2x）＝中，令x＝，计算可得答案．解：根据题意，若1﹣2x＝0，则x＝，在f[g（x）]＝f（1﹣2x）＝中，令x＝，可得f（0）＝＝，故选：C．4．（5分）已知函数f（2x）的定义域为，则函数f（1﹣3x）的定义域是（）A．B．C．（0，3）D．【分析】由0＜x＜，得出0＜2x＜3，从而0≤1﹣3x＜3，解出即可．解：∵0＜x＜，∴0＜2x＜3，∴0＜1﹣3x＜3，解得：﹣＜x＜，故选：A．5．（5分）函数f（x）＝﹣x2﹣2x在[a，b]上的值域是[﹣3，1]，若b＝1，则a+b的取值集合为（）A．[﹣3，﹣1]B．[﹣2，0]C．[﹣4，0]D．[﹣2，1]【分析】因为函数f（x）在x＝﹣1处取得最大值1，并且方程﹣x2﹣2x＝﹣3的根是﹣3或1，又b＝1，则﹣3≤a≤﹣1，从而求得a+b的取值集合．解：f（x）＝﹣x2﹣2x＝﹣（x+1）2+1，∴x＝﹣1时，f（x）取到最大值1，方程﹣x2﹣2x＝﹣3的根是x＝﹣3或1．若b＝1，则﹣3≤a≤﹣1，∴a+b的取值集合围是：[﹣2，0]．故选：B．6．（5分）函数在（2，+∞）上单调递增，则实数a的取值范围是（）A．（1，+∞）B．[﹣2，+∞）C．（﹣2，+∞）D．[﹣2，﹣1）∪（1，+∞）【分析】根据分离常数法，得到f（x）＝a+，结合函数的单调性求出a的取值范围即可．解：f（x）＝a+，函数y＝在（2，+∞）递减，而f（x）在（2，+∞）递增，故1﹣a2＜0，解得：a＞1或a＜﹣1，但2+a≥0，（x＞2），故a≥﹣2，故a的取值范围是[﹣2，﹣1）∪（1，+∞），故选：D．7．（5分）已知y＝f（x+1）为偶函数，且y＝f（x）在[1，+∞）上单调递增，则不等式的解集为（）A．（）B．[）C．（）D．[）【分析】根据y＝f（x+1）是偶函数，得到y＝f（x+1）的对称轴为y轴，进而确定出f （x）的对称轴，利用函数增减性求出所求不等式的解集即可．解：∵函数y＝f（x+1）是偶函数，∴y＝f（x+1）关于y轴对称，∵y＝f（x+1）向右平移1个单位得到y＝f（x），∴y＝f（x）关于直线x＝1对称，∵f（x）在[1，+∞）上单调递增，∴f（x）在（﹣∞，1]上单调递减，∵不等式，|2x﹣1|＜|﹣1|，即|2x﹣1|＜，解得＜x＜．故选：A．8．（5分）若关于x的方程x|x﹣a|＝a有三个不相同的实根，则实数a的取值范围为（）A．（0，4）B．（﹣4，0）C．（﹣∞，﹣4）∪（4，+∞）D．（﹣4，0）∪（0，4）【分析】因为本题是选择题，答案又都是范围，所以可采用特殊值代入法．取a＝2时排除答案A，D．a＝﹣2时排除答案B可得结论．【解答】解；因为本题是选择题，答案又都是范围，所以可采用特殊值代入法．取a＝2时，关于x的方程x|x﹣a|＝a转化为x|x﹣2|＝2，即为当x≥2时，就转化为x（x﹣2）＝2，⇒x＝1+或x＝1﹣（舍），有一根1+．当x＜2时，就转化为x（x﹣2）＝﹣2，⇒x不存在，无根．所以a＝2时有1个根不成立．排除答案A，D．同理可代入a＝﹣2解得方程的根有1个，不成立．排除答案B、故选：C．二、多选题（每小题5分，20分）9．（5分）若＜＜0，则下列不等式中，正确的不等式有（）A．a+b＜ab B．|a|＞|b|C．a＜b D．+＞2【分析】由＜＜0，判断出a，b的符号和大小，再利用不等式的性质及重要不等式判断命题的正误．解：∵＜＜0，∴b＜a＜0，∴a+b＜0＜ab，故A正确．∴﹣b＞﹣a＞0，则|b|＞|a|，故B错误．C显然错误．由于，，∴+＞2＝2，故D正确．故选：AD．10．（5分）下列说法正确的有（）A．函数在其定义域内是减函数B．命题“∃x∈R，x2+x+1＞0”的否定是“∀x∈R，x2+x+1≤0”C．两个三角形全等是两个三角形相似的必要条件D．若y＝f（x）为奇函数，则y＝xf（x）为偶函数【分析】直接利用函数的定义域和单调性和函数的奇偶性的应用判定AD的结论，利用命题的否定判断B的结论，利用充分条件和必要条件判断C的结论．解：对于A：函数的定义域为（﹣∞，0）∪（0，+∞），所以函数在（0，+∞）和（﹣∞，0）上都为单调递减函数，故A错误；对于B：命题“∃x∈R，x2+x+1＞0”的否定是“∀x∈R，x2+x+1≤0”故B正确；对于C：两个三角形全等，则两个三角形必相似，但是两个三角形相似，则这两个三角形不一定全等，则两个三角形全等是两个三角形相似的充分不必要条件，故C错误；对于D：若y＝f（x）为奇函数，且函数y＝x也为奇函数，则函数则y＝xf（x）为偶函数，故D正确．故选：BD．11．（5分）已知幂函数f（x）＝xα的图象经过点（16，4），则下列命题正确的有（）A．函数是偶函数B．函数是增函数C．当x＞1时，f（x）＞1D．当0＜x1＜x2时，【分析】求出幂函数f（x）的解析式，再判断选项中的命题是否正确．解：幂函数f（x）＝xα的图象经过点（16，4），所以16α＝4，解得α＝，所以f（x）＝＝；所以f（x）是非奇非偶的函数，是定义域[0，+∞）上的增函数；当x＞1时，f（x）＞f（1）＝1；画出f（x）在[0，+∞）上的图象，如图所示：由图象知，当0＜x1＜x2时，；所以正确的选项是BCD．故选：BCD．12．（5分）若函数的值域为[0，+∞），则a的可能取值为（）A．0B．2C．4D．6【分析】分a＝0和a≠0两类，结合一次函数、二次函数和根式的性质，求解即可．解：当a＝0时，y＝≥0成立，符合题意；当a≠0时，设f（x）＝ax2+4x+1，要使原函数的值域为[0，+∞），则a＞0且△＝16﹣4a≥0，解得0＜a≤4，综上，a的取值范围为[0，4]，故选：ABC．二、填空题（每小题5分，共20分）13．（5分）已知f（x）为R上的奇函数，且当x＞0时，f（x）＝x2+x+1；那么y＝f（x）在x＜0上的解析式为f（x）＝﹣x2+x﹣1．【分析】根据题意，若x＜0，则﹣x＞0，求出f（﹣x）的表达式，结合函数的奇偶性分析可得答案．解：根据题意，若x＜0，则﹣x＞0，则f（﹣x）＝（﹣x）2+（﹣x）+1＝x2﹣x+1，又由f（x）为奇函数，则f（x）＝﹣f（﹣x）＝﹣x2+x﹣1，故f（x）＝﹣x2+x﹣1，故答案为：f（x）＝﹣x2+x﹣1．14．（5分）已知，则＝100．【分析】根据题意，求出f（2﹣x）的表达式，分析可得f（x）+f（2﹣x）＝2，据此计算可得答案．解：根据题意，，则f（2﹣x）＝＝，则f（x）+f（2﹣x）＝+＝2，故＝f（）+f（）+f（）+f（）+……+f（）+f（）＝2×50＝100，故答案为：100．15．（5分）已知函数f（x）＝x|x|，若f（2a+1）≥f（4﹣a），则a的取值范围是[1，+∞）．【分析】画出函数f（x）的图象，结合函数的单调性得到关于a的不等式，解出即可．解：由题意f（x）＝，画出函数f（x）的图象，如图示：，显然函数f（x）在R递增，若f（2a+1）≥f（4﹣a），则2a+1≥4﹣a，解得：a≥1，故答案为：[1，+∞）．16．（5分）已知正数x，y满足2x+y＝xy+a，当a＝0时，x+y的最小值为3+2；当a＝﹣2时，x+y的最小值为7．【分析】当a＝0时，则+＝1，则x+y＝（x+y）•（+）＝3++，利用基本不等式即可求出；当a＝﹣2时，y＝，则可得x+y＝x﹣1++3，利用基本不等式即可求出．解：当a＝0时，2x+y＝xy，则+＝1，∴x+y＝（x+y）•（+）＝3++≥3+2＝3+2，当且仅当x＝1+，y＝2+，故x+y的最小值为3+2，当a＝﹣2时，2x+y＝xy﹣2，当x＝1时，等式不成立，当x≠1则y＝＞0，则x＞1，x+y＝x+＝x+2+＝x﹣1++3≥2+3＝4+3＝7，当且仅当x＝3时取等号，∴x+y的最小值为7，故答案为：3+2，7．三、解答题（70分）17．（10分）记函数f（x）＝的定义域为A，g（x）＝（a＜1）的定义域为B．（1）求A；（2）若B⊆A，求实数a的取值范围．【分析】（1）要使f（x）有意义，则需由2﹣≥0按分式不等式的解法求求A；（2）要使g（x）有意义，则由真数大于零求解，然后按照B⊆A，求解．解：（1）由2﹣≥0得：≥0，解得x＜﹣1或x≥1，即A＝（﹣∞，﹣1）∪[1，+∞）；（2）由（x﹣a﹣1）（2a﹣x）≥0得：（x﹣a﹣1）（x﹣2a）≤0由a＜1得a+1＞2a，∴B＝[2a，a+1]∵B⊆A，∴2a≥1或a+1＜﹣1即a≥或a＜﹣2，而a＜1，∴≤a＜1或a＜﹣2故当B⊆A时，实数a的取值范围是（﹣∞，﹣2）∪[，1）．18．（12分）已知函数是定义在（﹣1，1）上的奇函数，且．（1）求f（x）的解析式；（2）用定义证明：f（x）在区间（﹣1，1）上是增函数；（3）解关于t的不等式f（t﹣1）+f（t）＞0．【分析】（1）首先利用函数在（﹣1，1）上有定义且为奇函数，所以f（0）＝0，首先确定b的值，进一步利f（）＝求出a的值，最后确定函数的解析式．（2）直接利用定义法证明函数的增减性．（3）根据以上两个结论进一步求出参数的取值范围．【解答】（1）解：函数f（x）是定义在（﹣1，1）上的奇函数．所以：f（0）＝0，得到：b＝0，由于且f（）＝所以：＝，解得：a＝1所以：f（x）＝；（2）证明：设﹣1＜x1＜x2＜1，则：f（x2）﹣f（x1）＝﹣＝，由于：﹣1＜x1＜x2＜1，所以：0＜x1x2＜1，即：1﹣x1x2＞0，所以＞0，则：f（x2）﹣f（x1）＞0，f（x）在（﹣1，1）上的增函数；（3）由于函数是奇函数，所以：f（﹣x）＝﹣f（x），所以f（t﹣1）+f（t）＞0，转化成f（t﹣1）＞﹣f（t）＝f（﹣t）．则：﹣1＜t﹣1＜1且﹣1＜t＜1且t﹣1＞﹣t，解得：＜t＜1，所以不等式的解集为：{t|＜t＜1}．19．（12分）在某次水下考古活动中，需要潜水员潜入水深为30米的水底进行作业．其用氧量包含3个方面：①下潜时，平均速度为v（米/单位时间），单位时间内用氧量为v2；②在水底作业需5个单位时间，每个单位时间用氧量为0.4；③返回水面时，平均速度为（米/单位时间），单位时间用氧量为0.2．记该潜水员在此次考古活动中，总用氧量为y．（1）将y表示为v的函数；（2）试确定下潜速度v，使总的用氧量最少．【分析】（1）利用已知条件直接求解y表示为v的函数．（2）利用基本不等式求解函数的最值即可．解：（1）①下潜时，平均速度为v（米/单位时间），单位时间内用氧量为v2；②在水底作业需5个单位时间，每个单位时间用氧量为0.4；③返回水面时，平均速度为（米/单位时间），单位时间用氧量为0.2．记该潜水员在此次考古活动中，总用氧量为y．…（8分）（2）…（12分）当且仅当即时取等号…（15分）答：当下潜速度为时，总用氧量最少．…（16分）20．（12分）已知函数f（x）对一切实数x，y都有f（x+y）﹣f（y）＝x（x+2y+1）成立，且f（1）＝0．（1）求f（0）的值，及f（x）的解析式；（2）当﹣2≤x≤1时，不等式f（x）﹣a≥（1﹣a）x﹣5恒成立，求a的取值范围．【分析】（1）令x＝﹣1，y＝1，由条件，结合f（1）＝0，即可得到f（0）；令y＝0，结合f（0），即可求出f（x）的解析式；（2）将不等式转化为x2+ax+3﹣a≥0，令g（x）＝x2+ax+3﹣a，利用二次函数的性质求得g（x）的最小值，从而可求得a的取值范围．解：（1）令x＝﹣1，y＝1，则由已知f（0）﹣f（1）＝﹣1（﹣1+2+1），∴f（0）＝﹣2，令y＝0，则f（x）﹣f（0）＝x（x+1），又∵f（0）＝﹣2，∴f（x）＝x2+x﹣2．（2）根据题意f（x）﹣a≥（1﹣a）x﹣5，则有x2+ax+3﹣a≥0，令g（x）＝x2+ax+3﹣a，x∈[﹣2，1]，对称轴为x＝﹣，当﹣≤﹣2，即a≥4时，g（x）的最小值g（﹣2）＝7﹣3a≥0，解得a≤，与a≥4矛盾；当﹣≥1，即a≤﹣2时，g（x）的最小值g（1）＝4≥0恒成立，故a≤﹣2符合题意；当﹣2＜﹣＜1，即﹣2＜a＜4时，g（x）的最小值g（﹣）＝﹣+3﹣a≥0，解得﹣6≤a≤2，所以﹣2＜a≤2．综上，a的取值范围是a≤2．21．（12分）已知函数（1）画出函数f（x）图象，并指出函数f（x）在区间（0，1）及[1，+∞）上的单调性；（2）当0＜a＜b，且f（a）＝f（b）时，求的值；（3）若对所有的x∈[1，2]，a∈[﹣1，1]，都有恒成立，求实数m的取值范围．【分析】（1）运用分段函数的图象画法可得f（x）的图象，结合图象可得所求单调性；（2）由题意可得0＜a＜1，b＞1，可得f（a），f（b），整理可得所求和；（3）由题意可得m2﹣2am+≥f（x）max，由f（x）在[1，2]的单调性可得最大值，再设g（a）＝m2﹣2am，a∈[﹣1，1]，只需g（﹣1）≥0，且g（1）≥0，解不等式可得所求范围．解：（1）由分段函数的图象画法可得f（x）的图象，由图象可得f（x）在（0，1）为减函数，在（1，+∞）为增函数；（2）当0＜a＜b，且f（a）＝f（b），即为＝，即有﹣1＝1﹣，可得＝2；（3）对所有的x∈[1，2]，a∈[﹣1，1]，都有恒成立，可得m2﹣2am+≥f（x）max，由y＝f（x）在[1，2]递增，可得f（x）max＝f（2）＝，可得m2﹣2am≥0对a∈[﹣1，1]恒成立，设g（a）＝m2﹣2am，a∈[﹣1，1]，可得g（﹣1）≥0，且g（1）≥0，即为，即，解得m≥2或m≤﹣2或m＝0．22．（12分）对于定义域为D的函数f（x），若同时满足下列条件：①f（x）在D内有单调性；②存在区间[a，b]⊆D，使f（x）在区间[a，b]上的值域也为[a，b]，则称f（x）为D上的“和谐”函数，[a，b]为函数f（x）的“和谐”区间．（Ⅰ）求“和谐”函数y＝x3符合条件的“和谐”区间；（Ⅱ）判断函数是否为“和谐”函数？并说明理由．（Ⅲ）若函数是“和谐”函数，求实数m的取值范围．【分析】（Ⅰ）根据“和谐”函数的定义，建立条件关系，即可求y＝x3符合条件的“和谐”区间；（Ⅱ）判断函数是否满足“和谐”函数？的条件即可．（Ⅲ）根据函数g（x）是“和谐”函数，建立条件关系，即可求实数m的取值范围．解：（Ⅰ）因为y＝x3是单调递增函数，所以有，即[a，b]＝[﹣1，1]或[a，b]＝[﹣1，0]或[a，b]＝[0，1]．（Ⅱ）函数在（0，2）上单调递减，在（2，+∞）单调递增，故f（x）在（0，+∞）上不单调，不是“和谐”函数．（Ⅲ）若是“和谐”函数．设﹣4≤x1＜x2，则，所以是单调递增函数．若它是“和谐”函数，则必具备方程有两个不相同的实数解，即方程x2﹣（2m+1）x+m2﹣4＝0有两个不同的实数解且同时大于或等于﹣4和m．若令h（x）＝x2﹣（2m+1）x+m2﹣4，则，解得m∈（，﹣4]．另解：方程有两个不相同的实数解，等价于两函数y1＝x﹣m与的图象有两个不同的交点，当直线过（﹣4，0）时，m＝﹣4；直线与抛物线相切时，∴．若它是“和谐”函数，则必具备方程有两个不相同的实数解，即方程x2﹣（2m+1）x+m2﹣4＝0有两个不同的实数解且同时大于或等于﹣4和m．若令h（x）＝x2﹣（2m+1）x+m2﹣4，则，解得m∈（，﹣4]．。

2022—2023学年度上学期2022级十二月月考地理试卷命题人：齐昕婷审题人：王翠娥考试时间：2022年12月13日一、选择题（每题3分，共75分）读右图,完成1～2题。

1. 有关图中地球圈层特点叙述正确的是()A.①圈层气温随高度增加而递减B.②圈层是地球最活跃外部圈层C.③圈层在地球内部圈层中厚度最小D.④圈层的地震波在莫霍面消失2.2020年1月14日凌晨，日本茨城县南部发生里氏5级地震，震源深度50千米。

此次地震的震源()A.可能在②圈层B.③圈层或④圈层C.一定在④圈层D.可能在⑤圈层太阳能资源受昼夜长短、季节、地理纬度和海拔等自然条件的限制,以及晴、阴、云、雨等随机因素的影响。

下图为某省级行政区年降水量和城市分布图,太阳能热水器在该省级行政区得到广泛推广。

据此完成3～4题。

3. 图中①②③④四地,太阳能资源最丰富的是()A.①B.②C.③D.④4. 推测图中①②③④四地,太阳能热水器安装量最多的是()A.④B.③C.②D.①中国地质博物馆的馆藏精品中华龙鸟化石，产于我国辽宁省西部含有火山灰的湖泊沉积形成的页岩中，该岩层还含有丰富的各类动植物化石。

中华龙鸟生存于距今约1.4亿年的地质时期。

因其形态与鸟类较像，定名为“中华龙鸟”，后证实为一种小型食肉恐龙。

读中华龙鸟化石图片，完成5～6题。

5. “中华龙鸟”生活在（）A. 前寒武纪B. 古生代C. 中生代D. 新生代6. 根据化石推断，中华龙鸟最可能的生存环境是（）A. 火山频发的高原山地B. 温暖湿润的湖泊附近C. 风沙肆虐的沉积盆地D. 冰川广布的高寒荒漠《齐民要术》中有这样一段描述：“凡五果，花盛时遭霜，则无子。

天雨新晴，北风寒彻，是夜必霜。

此时放火作煴（煴：微火，无焰的火），少得烟气，则免于霜矣”。

据此回答7～8题。

7.“放火作煴，少得烟气，则免于霜矣”的主要原因是（）①“烟气”使得大气逆辐射增强，使地面温度不至于降得过低②“烟气”主要成分是二氧化碳，对地面有明显的保温作用③“放火作煴”，将地面直接烤暖④“放火作煴”，将大气直接熏暖A.①②B.③④C.①③D.②④8.“天雨新晴，北风寒彻”造成“是夜必霜”，其原因是（）A.雨后的夜晚气温必定很低B.受冷空气影响，加之晴朗的夜晚，大气逆辐射较弱C.晴朗的夜晚，地面辐射减弱D.晴朗的夜晚，地面辐射加强下图为某生物学家拍摄到的植物景观照片和骆驼刺根系结构示意图，读图完成9～10题。

湖北省荆州市沙市区沙市中学2024-2025学年高一上学期9月月考英语试题一、阅读理解Sri Lanka is a nice place for wildlife lovers. Here’s what you’ll find in some of its national parks.Horton Plains National ParkDrive time from Colombo: Five hoursIn the central highlands, Horton Plains is located in the highest plateau (高原) of Sri Lanka. The cloud forests here are rich in plants and animals that have got used to the cooler climates. Birds such as the whistling thrush and Sri Lanka n bush warbler are best seen here.Minneriya National ParkDrive time from Colombo: Five-and-a-half hoursThick woods surround lakes and contain many animals, but animal-viewing is generally poor, except for the wonderful seasonal gathering of elephants. The gathering takes place in Minneriya during September and October.Yala National ParkDrive time from Colombo: Six hoursYala is in the southeast of Sri Lanka. Its top view is the Sri Lankan leopard (豹). In June and July, slot h bears are often seen. The beautiful areas also have a lot of birds. Enthusiastic bird watchers should also visit Bundala National Park (an hour away) or the Palatupana Salt Pans (ten minutes away). Visitors can also go surfing in Arugam Bay (three hours away).Wilpattu National Park Drive time from Colombo: Four hoursWilpattu, Sri Lanka’s largest park, is in the dry lowlands of the country’s northwest and has some small lakes. The park reopened in 2003 after 15 years of closure. Wilpattu was famous for its leopards, and big-cat lovers are hoping for this return. The park’s animals are similar to Yala, but visitors also have a chance of seeing barking deer.1．How long does it take to drive from Colombo to see seasonal elephants?A．4 hours.B．5 hours.C．5.5 hours.D．6 hours. 2．Which of the following is closest to Yala National Park?A．Colombo.B．Arugam Bay.C．Bundala National Park.D．The Palatupana Salt Pans.3．What do we know about Wilpattu National Park?A．It was known for its leopards.B．It is made up of Sri Lanka’s largest lake.C．It lies on the highest plateau in Sri Lanka.D．It’ll welcome barking deer as its new visitors.“When I was young, I had so much energy and I loved building things. If I had an idea, I had to build it right now using what I could find around me,” says Danish artist Thomas Dambo. When Dambo was seven years old, he bought a mountain of cushions (垫子) from a nearby market to build a game room in his parents’ house. As a teenager, he built a “crazy” castle in his backyard.Years later, 42-year-old Dambo is proudly showing his latest work: a giant (巨人) called Little Lui. Five meters tall, Little Lui is one of the six giants placed in the corners of Peel Region of Western Australia, which will be on show for at least a year. This work makes Dambo’s giants up to 99 around the world. His gentle giants have found homes in many different countries, as far as the United States, Belgium, China, Denmark, South Korea and now in Australia.“For me, giants represent (代表) the voice of nature,” Dambo says. This deep respect for nature is the focus of Dambo’s building works. Dambo’s giants are made almost from local recycled wood: their faces from second-hand furniture and their hair from tree branches and leaves. Taking about 750 hours to complete, each giant is built out in nature.“I hope by visiting the giants, people will think of rubbish as a resource. I think it’s really important that next generations are connected to nature,” Dambo says. “That’s why I tried to build the giants to attract young people. I want people to be inspired and to realize they don’t need a lot to create something big and beautiful.”4．Which of the following can best describe young Dambo?A．Creative.B．Homesick.C．Powerful.D．Frightened. 5．What can we know about Little Lui?A．It is kept underground.B．It’s Dambo’s first giant.C．It will be shown to the public.D．It will be sent to Denmark.6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A．The comments on the giants.B．The appearance of the giants.C．The basic theme of the giants.D．The expensive materials of the giants. 7．What does Dambo plan to do with his giants?A．Inspire more people to take adventures.B．Encourage the young to approach nature.C．Help people spend less time playing games.D．Call on the young to save natural resources.Though the FIFA World Cup came to an end in December 2022, the people of a particular city in China were busy making soccer history of their own.Zibo in Shandong province is called “the home of soccer ball”, being the birthplace of the ancient Chinese sport of cuju. Modern soccer sport started in England, but cuju won recognition (认可) from FIFA, as the earliest form of soccer in 2004．“Side-flicking”, “chest down” and “shoulder stopper” are some of the key moves acquired by cuju players. Li Weipeng,34, from Linzi district of Zibo city, is a seventh-generation inheritor (传承人) of cuju. He has been practicing these skills for 18 years.Acquiring different cuju skills is not easy. “At the beginning, I spent eight hours a day practicing juggling (颠) a ball. It was tiring,” Li said. He is now able to juggle a ball with his foot over 10,000 times in a row (连续地).Teaching students cuju moves is a part of Li’s job. The traditional Chinese sport cuju is now popular at primary and middle schools in Linzi. Its moves have been adapted (改编) into dances and morning exercises. “Students show great interest in playing cuju, which encourages me to promote (推广) the ancient sport,” Li added.Moreover, cuju has also become a platform for cultural exchanges. During the World Cup in Qatar, Li introduced cuju at a China-Qatar youth exchange activity held in Doha. He led Chinese and Qatari youth players, wearing traditional cuju costumes, to experience the ancient game. Many soccer fans watched them, cheered for them and gave them the thumbs-up. Many people were curious and wanted to communicate with the cuju players.8．Where is the birthplace of cuju?A．Zibo.B．England.C．Doha.D．Qatar.9．How old was Li Weipeng when he began to learn cuju?A．14 years old.B．16 years old.C．18 years old.D．34 years old. 10．How did Li Weipeng feel when he first practiced juggling a ball?A．Excited.B．Curious.C．Tired.D．Confident. 11．What encourages Li to promote cuju?A．His experience in cuju.B．The popularity of soccer.C．The need of cultural exchanges.D．Students’ interest in cuju.It was a quiet early afternoon in the library, and we librarians were enjoying a chat at the library desk. Suddenly, a regular reader, who had been reading a magazine, marched up to us, gave us an annoyed “Shush (嘘)!” and went back to her seat.Shocked into silence, we tried not to laugh. How strange for a group of librarians to be shushed by a reader! Shouldn’t it be the other way around?Well, it seems hard to explain. If you’re a baby boomer (婴儿潮出生的人) like me, you probably remember libraries as places of adults’ silent reading. These days, however, libraries are more like busy community centers, where being noisy to some degree is the new normal, especially when kids are taking part.I am a loud librarian. My voice is naturally on the louder side. The hundreds of programs I led as a children’s librarian were filled with singing, dancing, movement exercises and cheerful readings of books with crowds of children and their caregivers. No shushing allowed!Growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands-on experiences has since caused a sea change in how public libraries connect with young readers. These types of programs like board games, poetry reading and story times certainly aren’t designed to be silent.But it’s a balancing act. Not all readers—or librarians—like the idea of a noisy library. It’s clear to me now that on the day my colleagues and I were shushed by a reader, we should have been using our “library voices” as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return to the days when they were places of silence. There’s just too much fun and learning happening. I heartily agree with my friend Rachel Payne, an early-childhood service educator at the BrooklynPublic Library, who told me, “When I visit a library and it is quiet, I always feel a bit sad. A library where conversations are happening and tables are full is a very good thing!”12．How did the author think of the shush from a reader?A．Unexpectedly funny.B．Really annoying.C．Quite necessary.D．Very heartwarming.13．What can be inferred about today’s libraries?A．They serve kids only.B．They become quieter.C．They are less popular.D．They have different functions.14．Why does the author quote Rachel Payne?A．To show different voices.B．To express the author’s idea.C．To make the end interesting.D．To promote a new reading method. 15．What is the best title for the text?A．How to Act in the Library B．It’s OK for a Library to Be NoisyC．Why to Keep Silent in the Library D．It’s Necessary for Librarians to ChangeIn the coming decade, space agencies and private space companies like SpaceX are planning to build a base on the Moon and Mars. While scientists are already building rockets for the journey, for long-term human settlements on them, astronauts will need fuel to carry out daily tasks. Many have suggested hydrogen (氢). But a group of scientists is working on turning CO2 in the atmosphere into jet fuel. As Mars is rich in CO2 and the lunar surface has a high concentration of CO2, it may be a feasible solution.For now the team of scientists at the University of Oxford is focusing on making jet fuel for the aviation (航空) industry. As the aviation industry releases over 900 million tons of CO2 every year, to battle climate change, it is necessary to turn the tide. So far aviation scientists have tried to use other energy resources like electricity to fly. But such flights are limited to short distances. For long-distance flights, there is no alternative yet.The concept of turning CO2 into jet fuel is not new. Previously, other similar methods had to rely on expensive catalysts (催化剂) like cobalt to speed up the chemical reaction. But what Oxford scientists suggest is adding a cheap iron-based catalyst and hydrogen to turn CO2 into liquid fuel. As the process would not require using fossil fuel, it will make the industry carbonneutral (碳中和的).The scientists tested the new catalyst in a lab at 300°C and at 10 times the air pressure at sea level. The entire process took 20 hours and turned 38 percent of CO2 into new chemicals. About 48 percent of the chemicals were jet fuel hydrocarbon and the rest were other by-products that are used in the production of plastic.Professor Peter Edwards, a lead scientist in the project, said the new method could be improved in two to three years to produce jet fuel in large quantities. “This is a really exciting, potentially revolutionary advance. Our vision is that the world can see that CO2 collected can be used as an energy carrier to enable sustainable aviation.”16．Which word can best explain “feasible” underlined in paragraph 1?A．Unique.B．Practical.C．Time-tested.D．Quick.17．What problem does the aviation industry face?A．It is suffering from a serious fuel shortage.B．The traditional jet fuel is much too expensive.C．Climate change partly disturbs long-distance flights.D．Its alternative energy resources are not powerful enough.18．What do we know about the Oxford scientists’ method of fuel-making?A．It is green and cost-saving.B．It is complex and time-consuming.C．It runs tests in natural environment.D．It starts with immediate chemical reaction.19．What’s the purpose of the author?A．To attract people to explore the space.B．To inform us of a breakthrough in fuel research.C．To warn us the dangers of climate change.D．To encourage us to work in the aviation industry.Being a teenager is difficult, as many people expect you to be perfect in many different things — school, sports, chores, etc. 20 What really matters is trying to be better, and having the confidence to pursue your dreams. The following are some tips for you to deal with theimperfection of life.Make a series of goals to help reach your dreams. 21 You will not become the most popular kid at school, the best soccer player, or an award-winning filmmaker overnight, but you can start taking steps now to make these goals a reality.22 Volunteering, tutoring a friend, and helping your parents around the house aren’t just nice things to do, and they can improve your own well-being. Doing good makes you feel good and it builds a loving, supportive network of people around you.Give yourself some “me time” each day. Each day, take 15 minutes or more to yourself.23 Distance yourself from other people, if only for a few moments, and relax. Let your brain free from all the stresses that hit you each day. This is one of the easiest, best ways to find yourself and your goals.Remember that life isn’t perfect and that is a good thing. 24 But these issues are all chances to improve yourself, and how you react to the bad times is far more important than the bad times themselves.A．Have an active social life.B．Make time to help others.C．Perfection only comes one small step at a time.D．Exercise! It helps with stress, and may even make you happier than usual.E．However, true perfection is impossible.F．There will always be mistakes, setbacks, misunderstandings, and bad luck.G．You could read, listen to music, go for a walk, or simply lay in bed.二、完形填空Afraid to have a start, I was walking slowly into my first school in America. I had 25 a long way from India in order to join parents. They had been here for three years, and hoped America would help my future. My father decided that I would go to school here, so I found a local high school in my new town.With 26 on one hand and fear on the other, I arrived at the classroom. Everyone’s eyes were on me as I entered the classroom. Without paying attention to them, I went straight tothe 27 and asked if it was the right class. With a 28 voice, he answered, “Yes.” His voice comforted (安慰) me a little. He gave me a piece of 29 called “course requirements”, which I would never get in India. Then he asked me to choose where I would sit. I chose the 30 closest to the door instead of the corner where all of the boys were sitting. I didn’t 31 want to pick a seat. In India, the teacher 32 the seats, so I never needed to worry about that.I spent the rest of the class taking notes from the picture produced by the overhead projector (投影仪).33 it was my first day, I was confused (困惑的) about which hallway (走廊) to use, but I 34 to get to my classes without asking anyone. I was very confused about when I would have 35 . It was noon when I went to my next class and the bell rang as I entered. I went through the normal process of asking the teacher if I was in the right class. Feeling 36 , she said, “That is the lunch bell.” I felt a little awkward. Without another word, I headed for the cafeteria (食堂).At the end of the day, I was on my way to the bus stop. I realized that all the 37 was like the difficulty I had to 38 to reach my goal. I 39 my bus and sat down inside happily. I said to myself: Today isn’t so bad.25．A．traveled B．increased C．walked D．planned 26．A．anger B．anxiety C．doubt D．sadness 27．A．worker B．classmate C．teacher D．trainer 28．A．deep B．familiar C．strict D．soft 29．A．book B．paper C．notice D．tool 30．A．seat B．direction C．table D．goal 31．A．generally B．suddenly C．honestly D．actually 32．A．kept B．repaired C．decided D．took 33．A．Though B．When C．Since D．Before 34．A．feared B．refused C．allowed D．managed 35．A．gifts B．lunch C．fun D．chances 36．A．surprised B．excited C．frightened D．challenged 37．A．failure B．thought C．confusion D．amazement(惊异) 38．A．put away B．get through C．build up D．show off39．A．saw B．missed C．drove D．waited三、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

2020-2021学年湖北省荆州市沙市中学高一（上）期中物理试卷（学考）试题数：26，满分：1001.（单选题，3分）在研究物体的运动时，物理学中引入“质点”的概念，从科学方法上来说属于（）A.观察实验的方法B.等效替代的方法C.用极限分析物理问题的方法D.建立理想物理模型的方法2.（单选题，3分）关于质点，下列说法中正确的是（）A.体积大、质量小的物体就是质点B.质点一定是体积和质量极小的物体C.汽车可以视为质点，火车不可视为质点D.研究“嫦娥一号”卫星在绕地球飞行及绕月球飞行的轨迹时，卫星可视为质点3.（单选题，3分）下列研究中，加点标示的研究对象可视为质点的是（）A.研究直升飞机．．．．飞行时各部分受力B.研究跳水运动员．．．空翻动作C.研究地球．．绕太阳公转的周期D.研究家用电扇叶片．．上各点的旋转速度4.（单选题，3分）下面是我国宋代诗人陈与义所写的一首诗：“飞花两岸照船红，百里榆堤半日风。

卧看满天云不动，不知云与我俱东。

”诗中描述“我”运动时所选取的参照物是（）A.飞花B.两岸C.船D.云5.（单选题，3分）第一次世界大战期间，一名法国飞行员在2000m高空飞行时，发现脸旁有一个小东西，他以为是一只小昆虫，敏捷地把它一把抓过来，令他吃惊的是，抓到的竟是一颗子弹．飞行员能抓到子弹，是因为（）A.飞行员的反应快B.子弹相对于飞行员是静止的C.子弹已经飞得没有劲了，快要落在地上了D.飞行员的手有劲6.（单选题，3分）钓鱼岛群岛自古以来就是中国领土，其附近海域是渔民祖祖辈辈传统的谋生渔场。

9月16日12时休渔结束，我国派出海监编队到钓鱼岛海域护渔。

如图，中国海监46船（甲）和中国海监49船（乙），在钓鱼岛领海内开展例行维权巡航。

甲、乙两船并排行驶，甲船上的船员看见钓鱼岛向东移，乙船内的船员发现甲船没有动。

如果以钓鱼岛为参照物，上述事实说明（）A.甲船向西运动，乙船不动B.乙船向西运动，甲船不动C.甲船向西运动，乙船向东运动D.甲、乙两船以相等的速度都向西运动7.（单选题，3分）关于时间和时刻，下列说法正确的是（）A.时间与时刻的区别在于长短不同，长的是时间，短的是时刻B.两个时刻之间的间隔是一段时间C.第3秒末和第4秒初的时间间隔是一秒D.第3秒内和第4秒内经历的时间长短不一样8.（单选题，3分）下列关于质点运动的位移和路程的说法中，正确的是（）A.路程是标量，数值上就等于位移的大小B.位移是矢量，其方向即为质点的运动方向C.在同一运动过程中，位移的值总小于路程的值D.两地间的位移是唯一的，路程是不确定的，与运动的路径有关9.（单选题，3分）2019年1月3日10：26，嫦娥四号探测器成功在月球背面软着陆，嫦娥四号探测器在距离月面100米处稍稍悬停，接着竖直缓缓降落，约10分钟后，嫦娥四号自主降落在月球背面南极-艾特肯盆地内的冯•卡门撞击坑内。

2022—2023学年度上学期2020级第二次月考化学试卷时间：75分钟分数：100分考试时间：2022年9月28日可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 O 16 N 14 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ge 73 Br 80第I卷（选择题共45分）一、选择题（本题包括15小题，每小题3分，共45分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1. 生活中处处有化学，下列叙述不正确的是（）A. HB铅笔芯的成分为黏土和石墨B. 碳酸氢钠可做食品膨松剂C. 青铜和黄铜是不同结构的单质铜D. 漂白粉与洁厕灵不可混合使用2. 2021年诺贝尔化学奖授予利斯特和麦克米伦，以表彰他们在不对称有机催化剂领域的重要贡献。

如在合成R-(+)苦杏仁腈时(结构中—Ph为苯基)，D-羟腈酶就是该反应的不对称有机催化剂，其合成过程如图所示。

下列说法错误的是（）A. 不对称有机催化剂对产物有选择性，从而使合成更加“绿色”C. 酶发挥催化功能需要适宜的温度及酸碱性环境条件D. R-(+)苦杏仁腈和S-(-)苦杏仁腈互为同分异构体3. 设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是（）A. 水溶液中，0.1molFeI2与0.2 mol Cl2充分反应，转移的电子数为0.3N AB. 常温下，1 L 0.1 mol·L-1乙二酸溶液的pH＞1，则含H+的数目大于0.1N AC. 1 mol AlCl3晶体中含有的Cl－数目为3N AD. 100g46％乙醇溶液中含有的O-H键数为N A4. 能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式为（）A. 向NaClO溶液中通入少量SO2：2ClO－＋SO2＋H2O===2HClO＋SO2－3B. NaHCO3的水解：HCO－3＋H2O===CO2－3＋H3O+C. 向CuSO4溶液中通入H2S气体：Cu2＋＋S2－===CuS↓D. 将等物质的量浓度的Ba(OH)2和NH4HSO4溶液等体积混合：Ba2++2OH-+H++NH4++SO 24= BaSO4↓+H2O+NH3·H2O5．下列装置或操作能达到实验目的的是（）A．检验乙炔的还原性B．进行铝热反应C．溶液滴加D．除去氯气中的HCl气体6．下列关于元素周期表和元素周期律的说法中，正确的是（）A．所含元素种类最多的族是ⅢBB．元素周期表的p区共包含5列C．第三周期元素的简单离子半径从左到右逐渐减小D．卤素单质和它们的氢化物沸点从上到下均依次升高7. 配位化合物广泛的应用于物质分离、定量测定、医药、催化等方面。

2020—2021学年度上学期2020级期末考试政治试卷命题人：张龄审题人：于美波考试时间：2021年1月31日一、选择题（每小题3分，共45分）1．某市发改委新闻稿（节选）这样写道：“自改革开放以来，本市的个体经济、私营经济和外资经济从无到有，从小到大，得到长足发展，呈现出国有经济、民营经济与外资经济三足鼎立之势……”最后一句可能的文字是①非公有制经济一跃成为社会主义经济的重要组成部分②各种所有制经济平等竞争、相互促进的新格局逐步形成③各种所有制经济在国民经济中的地位真正实现了平等④非公有制经济的发展对本市经济的推动作用日渐凸显A. ①③B. ①④C. ②③D. ②④2．2020年6月1日，李克强总理在山东烟台考察时表示：地摊经济、小店经济是就业岗位的重要来源，是人间的烟火，是中国的生机，在进一步加强规范城市管理的同时，因地制宜，释放“地摊经济”的最大活力。

下列对“地摊经济”认识正确的是①满足消费者多样化需求，方便人民生活②推动规模化经营，增加居民经营性收入③创业门槛低无风险，对稳就业的作用不可小视④吸引人气激发市场活力，促进非公有制经济发展A. ①②B. ①④C. ②③D. ③④3．第三次农业普查数据显示，全国小农户数量占到农业经营主体98％以上，小农户从业人员占农业从业人员的90％，小农户经营耕地面积占总耕地面积的70％。

针对这种情况，我国应该①发展壮大集体经济，大力发展推动规模经营②发展适度规模经营，培育新型农业经营主体③深化农村土地改革，取消家庭联产承包责任制④健全农业社会化服务体系，建立符合市场经济要求的集体经济运行机制A. ①②B. ①③C. ②④D. ③④4．2020年1月，中国人民银行下调金融机构存款准备金率0.5个百分点，表明中央在抗击疫情背景下支持实体经济发展，降低社会融资实际成本的坚定决心。

若据此撰写一篇报道，下列选项适合作为文章标题的是A. “有形之手”，调节经济发展B. 关注人民生活，健全保障体系C. “无形之手”，保持物价稳定D. 调整资源配置，彰显政府作用5．《中共中央国务院关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见》明确了要素市场制度建设的方向及重点改革任务，并就扩大要素市场化配置范围、促进要素自主有序流动、加快要素价格市场化改革等作出了部署。

2021—2021学年度上学期2021级第一次月考政治试卷一、选择题〔每题3分，共45分〕1．达尔文在环球考察中记述了这样一个故事：一个欧洲人来到美洲的火地岛，送给岛上居民一条被子。

不料接受赠物的居民把被子撕成一块块布片，分给当地的每一个人。

好端端的被子变成没有用的碎布片。

这分送布片的举动主要说明当时的居民( )A．不懂被子的用途B．仍然实施平均分配C．坚持劳动成果共同所有D．生产力水平低下2．列宁指出：所谓阶级，就是这样一些大的集团，这些集团同生产资料的关系不同，在社会劳动组织中所起的作用不同，因而取得归自己支配的那份社会财富的方式和多寡也不同。

对此理解正确的选项是( )①阶级产生的首要前提是社会财富分配的不平等②阶级都是自己时代的经济关系的产物③阶级是在一定生产关系中处于不同地位的集团④生产关系在任何社会历史中都具有决定性作用A．①②B．②③C．①④D．③④3．在从原始社会到奴隶社会的演变过程中，以下传导路径正确的选项是( )①生产力的开展②私有制确实立③生产工具的改良④对立阶级的出现A．①→③→②→④B．①→③→④→②C．③→①→④→②D．③→①→②→④4．在封建社会，地主阶级通过掌握土地这一生产资料，对使用土地的农民通过榨取地租、放高利贷等手段进行剥削。

这说明在封建社会( )①放高利贷是地主阶级剥削农民的主要方式②地主收取地租是进入阶级社会的重要标志③地主阶级凭借对土地的占有使农民依附于地主④封建土地所有制是地主阶级剥削农民的根底A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④5．14世纪中期，在佛罗伦萨的城区和近郊，从事呢绒生产的手工工场约有200家，年产呢绒几万匹，为毛纺织工场主干活的工人总数达3万人，这就是资本主义生产关系的萌芽。

以下属于当时生产关系特点的是( )①工场主占有一切生产资料②工人出卖劳动，受雇于工场主③生产规模大、劳动效率高④机器生产完全代替手工生产A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④6．关于资本主义制度，以下说法正确的选项是〔〕A．资本主义制度确实立，带来了资本主义社会生产力的开展B．资本主义制度确实立，是社会的曲折开展C．资本主义制度确实立，违背了社会的开展规律D．资本主义制度确实立，对人类社会用处不大7．“天这样冷，我们为什么不生火炉呢？〞“因为我们没有煤。

湖北省沙市中学2020-2021学年高一上学期第一次月考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择Nearly all of us have a bad habit，whether we know it or not. Some people say they want to get rid of(摆脱) it but don’t know the proper ways. Here’s some advice on how to get rid of bad habits.Make a list.Write down why you want to stop a certain behavior，how it’s hurting you and how to get rid of it. This will help a lot. Look at that list regularly.Join in other activities.It’s wise of you to do somet hing else when you want to stop your bad habits. If you get angry easily，for example，you can practice having a deep breath or going for a walk.Give yourself a present.Before you take action against a bad habit，decide what you’ll do to celebrate it if yo u reach your goal.Keep off bad habits.If you are fat and want to lose weight，keep junk food out of your house. If you are a heavy smoker withcoffee，turn to tea and keep away from friends who like smoking.Be patient.Bad habits develop over years，so yo u probably won’t be able to get rid of them quickly. In fact，people often give up several times before being successful，so you should be patient.Find support.Don’t be afraid to ask for support from friends，family or other people who have the same bad habits as you.When you talk to others，they might be able to provide advice or encouragement that you usually wouldn’t get from yourself.1．If you want to lose weight，you should.A．drink more coffee B．refuse the junk foodC．find support from friends D．find a heavy smoker2．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?A．It’s not easy to get rid of bad habits in a short time.B．You can write down the reasons for getting rid of bad habits.C．When talking to others，you can get what you can’t get from yourself.D．When you want to stop your bad habits，don’t do anything.3．From the passage you can learn.A．why we have some bad habitsB．how to get rid of bad habitsC．what to do to have a bad habitD．where to find some supportCruz Genet, 11, and Antho ny Skopick, 10, couldn’t agree. Were the birds on the ice ducks or geese? There was only one way to find out. So on a cold January evening, the two friends risked onto the frozen pond near their house in Frankfort, Illinois, to get a better look. First they threw a small stone to test it. Then they stepped on it. Believing the ice would hold their weight, Anthony took a few steps, then.... He fell through the seemingly frozen ice.Cruz rushed to help his frightened friend—the pond “ate” him too. Gruz mana ged to lift himself out of the water and onto a more reliable part. He then carefully made his way to Anthony. But the ice didn’t hold, and he fell in again. This time he couldn’t get out. The boys quickly lost feeling in their arms and legs. Cruz was sure he was going to die.Anthony’s older sister had seen the boys fall through the ice and started screaming for help. John Lavin, a neighbor driving nearby on his way to the grocery store, heard her. He quickly pulled over. Seeing the boys, he kicked off his shoes, and run into the freezing water. Lavin made his way to Cruz and Anthony and saved them back to land. They were taken to the hospital, where doctors discovered that their five-minute stay in the water had lowered their body temperature nearly ten degrees.Fortunately, the boys have fully recovered, though they are still moved by their fearlessneighbor. “Just to think,” says Gruz, “if he wasn’t there, I could have died.”4．Why did Gruz and Anthony step on the ice?A．To go skating. B．To trap some birds.C．To settle a disagreement. D．To test the strength of the ice.5．How did Cruz feel when caught in the water?A．Hopeless. B．Puzzled.C．Shocked. D．Calm.6．What basically saved the two boys’ lives?A．Screaming of an older sister. B．Better care of doctors.C．lowering of their body temperature. D．Brave act of a neighbor.7．What is the best title for the text?A．Two Boys Falling in the Water B．A Heroic Man to the RescueC．Duck or Geese, It Is a Question D．Curiosity Kills the CatHave you ever wondered what wild animals do when no one is watching?Low cost, dependable and small modern cameras offered a big help. Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have shot everything from small desert cats to larger snow-lowing cats in the northern Rocky Mountains. Scientists have been able to document the “private” moments of wildlife with leading technology.Grant Harris is a government biologist with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In his words, “there’s no doubt that these w ild cameras are important tools to learn new information on wildlife.” Harris said some images help scientists see the eflects of climate change.Researchers with the Wyoming Migration Initiative, or WMI, are among those using wild cameras along with global positioning systems, or GPS. But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited, so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS. However, cameras can be left in very wild areas for days, weeks or even months. They can provide information on how many animals are moving over a given period of time.Putting those cameras in place requires careful planning. Wild video can show details about animal behavior. However, wild cameras have their problems too. Animals such as wolverines and bears sometimes attack them. Scientists do not know if the attacks are the result of anger or interest. Also, the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look foranimals. Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way.Even with such problems, wild cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animals.8．What does the underlined word “document” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Remind. B．Enrich.C．Appreciate. D．Record.9．Which is a disadvantage of wild cameras?A．They cannot be left in the wild over a long period.B．They cannot be placed in hard-to-reach areas.C．They provide limited information.D．They might be stolen by people.10．Why do some people argue against using wild cameras?A．It is difficult to fix the cameras.B．It helps hunters find animals easily.C．It is hard to achieve careful planning.D．It makes animals interested in the cameras.11．What is the authors attitude towards wild cameras?A．Doubtful. B．Positive.C．Uncertain. D．Uncaring.Have you ever thought about why malls, restaurants, and even theaters have music? Well, to understand this, you simply just look back at how you felt when you heard music in these places. Music is known to improve the mood of people. Often music helps us pay attention to what we are doing. Music helps patients feel good and helps them recover faster and better. Depression（沮丧) is a state of mind that most of us experience at some point of time. There are some periods in our life when everything seems difficult. It seems that everything is getting worse and we have no control over our life. Studies have shown that music can be an important mood lifter in such situations. Music also plays a great role in making us feel less nervous or worried. Anxiety(焦虑) can often cause loss of sleep and other illnesses.Music is often known as an international language. We may not know the language another person is speaking, but most of us respond to music in the same way. Music can often be the best way to connect with someone.Music is one of the best ways to improve your moods, but this can depend largely on the kind of music you listen to. While happy music can certainly make you feel better, sad music can further lower your spirits. Listening to classical music can often make you feel a lot more powerful, while soft music can be the perfect way to relax at the end of a long way. If you want to use music to change the way how you are feeling, you need to understand the role of it, learn to recognize the kind of music that lifts your mood and helps you feel better. Once you realize the kind of music you can use, you can use it to change the way you feel. The right kind of music can be the perfect way to help us feel happier.12．The passage is mainly about __________.A．what meanings music hasB．how we control our moodsC．how music affects our moodsD．what kind of music we listen to13．According to the passage, playing music in restaurants is to __________. A．welcome the customersB．make customers feel goodC．make customers danceD．make customers feel powerful14．From the passage, we can know that __________.A．most of us suffer depression all the timeB．most of us respond to music in different waysC．music can be a good way to connect with othersD．any kind of music will help us improve our moods15．According to the passage, which kind of music can relax ourselves from a long day’s work?A．Soft music. B．Classical music.C．Sad music. D．Rock music.二、七选五It is back to school time in much of the world. Calm, easy mornings are replaced with busy, hurried ones. Children wake up early and get ready for school. Many parents are also getting ready for work, helping their children and preparing food for lunches. 16．. But that maybe a big mistake for students, Whether at home, on the way to school or at school, eating something healthy for breakfast may help a student get better grades.17．? The answer is yes. Experts at Healthy Children. org say that in the United States about 8 to 12 percent of all students in grade school (Kindergarten through 8th grade) do not eat breakfast. By the time students are in high school ( grades 9-12), 20 to 30 percent of them ignore the morning meal.18．. This gives your body the energy it needs to think clearly and to remember what it learns. When it comes to giving the brain what it needs to work at its highest level, not all breakfasts are created equal. The best breakfast should include complex sugar that slowly release energy to the body. 19．.A good breakfast is not just helpful for school-aged children. 20．.A．Do many children hate breakfastB．Some people ignore breakfast to save timeC．Lunches are also important for students’ healthD．Whole grain bread and low-sugar cakes are examplesE.The best breakfast is a combination of sugar, protein and fatF.Are there really that many children who do not eat breakfastG.We all may gain from eating something healthy in the morning三、完形填空I remember sitting in an airport one day, waiting for my flight. 1 was 21 because I had a first-class(头等的)ticket. And in first class, the seats are 22 and the food is more delicious. Actually, I had the best seat on the whole plane! Seat 1A．Before boarding,I 23 a young lady who had a big suitcase(手提箱)and several carry-on bags was holdinga crying baby. 24 ,the handle(把手)of her suitcase broke and the suitcase fell to the floor．She tried 25 the case and her bags landed on the floor, too.“Let me help,”I said to her.26 her suitcase over my left shoulder，put her bags on my right and asked, ‘‘Where to?”“Gate 20, ”she said, and showed me her ticket. Seat 24B．“Oh, we are on the same flight.’’Boarding started, and I 27 that she needed the first—class ticket. ‘‘It looks li ke youcould use this first-class ticket more than me. I know how 28 it can be flying with a kid. Why don’t we trade tickets?’’“Are you sure'?”she asked.“Yes, just take my ticket and give me yours. I really don’t29 . I’m just going to be working the whole time, anyway.’’“That’s very kind of you,”she said, and expressed her30 as we traded our tickets.Then we boarded the plane.I was surprised at the good 31 it gave me while watching her sit down in seat l A．In fact, seat 24B or 32 I was sitting didn’1 seem that bad at all. At one point during the flight I really wanted to see how she was doing. So I33 , walked to the first—class section, and had a look. There she was with her baby, 34 asleep. Seeing they were sleeping in big and 35 seat l A, I felt like a million bucks. I’ve got to keep doing this kind of thing.21．A．excited B．bored C．sad D．worried 22．A．smaller B．bigger C．dirtier D．shorter 23．A．asked B．learned C．noticed D．thought 24．A．Seriously B．Successfully C．Secretly D．Suddenly 25．A．finding B．1ifting C．putting D．changing 26．A．knocked B．threw C．pulled D．hung 27．A．hoped B．regretted C．realized D．suggested 28．A．strange B．easy C．hard D．funny 29．A．mind B．understand C．want D．stand 30．A．pity B．fear C．advice D．thanks 31．A．taste B．chance C．memory D．feeling 32．A．however B．whatever C．wherever D．whoever 33．A．got up B．put up C．turned up D．took up 34．A．all B．both C．either D．neither 35．A．popular B．terrible C．straight D．comfortable四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

湖北省沙市中学2020-2021学年高一物理上学期第一次月考试题总分100分 时间90分钟一、单选题（共8题，每题3分，共24分）1．如图所示，四轮马达纳米车是用纳米技术制造的一种新型药物输送系统，它可以在血管中穿行而不会受到人体免疫系统的攻击。

下列情况中可以把纳米车看作质点的是（ ）A ．研究纳米车的组成时B ．研究纳米车马达的工作时C ．研究纳米车如何治疗疾病时D ．研究纳米车运动的距离时2．在平直公路上有甲、乙两辆汽车，坐在甲车内的同学看到乙车相对甲车不动，而坐在乙车内的同学看到路旁的树木相对乙车向东移动。

以地面为参考系，以下判断正确的是（ ）A ．甲车向西运动，乙车不动B ．甲、乙两车以相同的速度向东运动C ．甲、乙两车以相同的速度向西运动D ．甲、乙两车都向西运动但速度大小不同3．暑假某同学在公园锻炼时，用手机计步器记录了自己的锻炼情况，则下列说法正确的是A ．图中的速度5.0 km/h 为平均速度B ．图中的速度5.0 km/h 为瞬时速度C ．图中的速度5.0 km/h 为平均速率D ．图中的速度5.0 km/h 为平均速度的大小4．下列关于加速度的说法中正确的是（ ）A ．由a ＝Δv Δt可知，a 与Δv 成正比，与Δt 成反比 B ．物体的运动速度很大，加速度可能很小C ．加速度越大，物体的速度变化量越大D ．物体加速度为零，则物体的速度一定为零5. 如图所示是某质点做直线运动的x －t 图象，由图象可知（ ）A ．质点一直处于运动状态B ．质点第3 s 内位移是2 mC ．此图象表示了质点运动的轨迹D ．该质点前4 s 内位移是2 m6．如图所示，直线a和曲线b分别是在平行的平直公路上行驶的汽车a和b的v-t图线，在t1时刻两车刚好在同一位置（并排行驶），在t2时刻曲线b的切线与直线a平行，则在t1到t3这段时间内，下列说法正确的是（）A．在t2时刻，两车相距最远B．在t3时刻，两车相距最远C．A车加速度均匀增大D．B车加速度先增大后减小7．一名宇航员在某星球上做自由落体运动实验，他让一个质量为2kg的小球从足够高的高度自由下落，并测得小球在第4 s内的位移大小是42 m，则( )A．小球在第2 s末的速度大小是16 m/sB．该星球表面的重力加速度大小为12 m/s2C．小球在第4 s末的速度大小是42 m/sD．小球在4 s内的位移大小是80 m8．几个水球可以挡住子弹？《国家地理频道》实验证实：四个水球就足够！四个完全相同的水球紧挨在一起水平排列，子弹在水球中沿水平方向做匀变速直线运动。

2022—2023学年度上学期2021级十二月月考历史试卷一、选择题（每题3分，共48分）1．据考古学家和古人类学家推断，从旧石器时代的早期到中期，世界人口的年增长率不足0.001%；而从公元前9000年到公元前3000年，世界人口的年增长率已提高到0.03%，与采集和渔猎时期相比高出30倍。

出现这一变化的主要原因是（）A．农业生产改善了人类的生存条件B．铁犁牛耕的广泛应用C．人类掌握了某些动物的生长规律D．水利工程的大量修建2．15世纪末，哥伦布第二次远航美洲时，将水稻等作物带到美洲的海地、波多黎各等地。

在随后的一两个世纪内，水稻种植逐渐扩展到美洲的其他地区。

18世纪以后，北美的水稻种植业进入到黄金时期，稻米成为纯粹的经济作物。

由此可见，水稻在北美的播种（）A．为北美农业发展注入了活力B．提高了北美农业的集约化水平C．拓展了北美居民的饮食习惯D．推动了世界市场的形成和发展3．《世界粮食安全首脑会议宣言》中提到，从现在起到2050年，为养活预计超过90亿的世界人口，农业产量估计需要增长70%。

……粮食不应当作为施加政治和经济压力的手段。

……这是全球粮食安全对策的重要内容。

材料的主旨是（）A．提高技术增加粮食产量B．加强国际的合作和团结C．立法规范食品安全生产D．消除了人类共同的饥饿4．春秋时期，各诸侯国还存在以村社为单位统计土地和人口的现象。

战国后期，各国实行以家户为单位的户籍制度，以其作为国家社区管理的主要办法。

导致该变化的原因是（）A．宗法血缘关系的强化B．战国后期铁犁牛耕逐步推广C．专制皇权向基层延伸D．统治者意在遏制土地的兼并5．右图1、图2分别为东汉水排和唐代筒车。

它们的发明反映了中国古代（）A．农业技术不断提高B．生产动力有所改进C．水力工程趋向完善D．经营方式突破传统6．现代工厂制度建立以后，实现了资本与劳动的分离，劳动者进入工厂后就丧失了自由，成为资本的奴役工具，成为机器的“人手”，这种资本和劳动的分离最终造成了劳动和资本的矛盾。

湖北省沙市中学2024届高三下学期模拟考试语文试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、现代文阅读阅读材料，完成小题。

“重建附近”：年轻人如何从现实中获得力量？——人类学家项飙访谈（节录）康岚：您最早在什么时候提出“附近”这个概念？为什么想到提出这个概念？项飙：我第一次提“附近”应该是在2019年夏天，我跟许知远在“十三邀”节目上的对话。

当时好像是在谈现代人的时空观念，为什么现在人们对快递小哥迟到两分钟会非常不耐烦？我们说到现代生活完全是被时间逻辑统治了，空间逻辑消失了。

原来我们对时间的理解是通过人的行动，比方说我和你的距离是一袋烟的工夫，或者说这个距离是从你家走到荷塘边上的那个工夫，其实时间很大程度上是通过空间来衡量的。

但在工业化之后，抽象时间也就是钟表时间变得非常重要。

当这种抽象时间统治了我们的生活，空间就完全变成了附属性的东西。

对快递小哥迟到两分钟会非常不满，是因为你根本不考虑他是从空间中哪个点到餐馆拿了东西，以及路上的交通是怎样的、进你家小区的门时他要跟保安怎样交涉，这些经历性、空间性的东西，你是不管的，你要的就是那个东西要在你规定的时间内送到你的手里。

这种心态是“时间的暴政”造成的。

在这样的场景下，我提到“附近的消失”。

“附近”这个空间的消失，一方面是因为“时间的暴政”，另一方面是因为我们在日常生活里面建立自己对世界的感知越来越通过一些抽象的概念和原则，而不是通过对自己周边的感知来理解。

比如，你的邻居是干什么的，楼下打扫卫生、门口卖水果的人是从哪里来的，他们家在哪里，如果家不在这里，一年回几次家，他们的焦虑和梦想是什么。

这些人对你的生活很重要，因为我们的日常生活就是由他们来组织的，没有他们，我们的生活不能够正常运行。

但是，我们对这些“附近”经常是视而不见的。

这个“附近”，它是一个空间，它的有趣在于它有很强的社会性，它是你这个社会主体的物质基础，把你托起来。

2022-2023学年度高中化学12月月考卷试卷副标题考试范围：xxx ；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题）请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明一、单选题1．（2021春·北京西城·高一北京十四中校考期中）下列关于化学反应与能量的说法中，不正确．．．的是 A ．化学反应必然伴随发生能量变化 B ．Na 与H 2O 的反应属于放热反应C ．Ba(OH)2·8H 2O 与NH 4Cl 的反应属于吸热反应D ．反应物的总能量高于生成物的总能量，发生反应时需要从环境吸收能量 2．（2021·高一课时练习）下列有关电池的说法不正确的是 A ．手机上用的锂离子电池属于二次电池B ．铅蓄电池是可充电电池，电池的正极材料为PbO 2C ．燃料电池是一种高效且对环境友好的新型电池D ．铜锌原电池工作时，电子沿外电路从铜电极流向锌电极 3．（2020·全国·高三专题练习）下列反应属于吸热反应的是 A ．6126C H O (葡萄糖222s)6O 6CO 6H O +→+ B ．23232Al+Fe O 2Fe+Al O 高温 C ．强碱与铵盐反应D ．332CH COOH KOH CH COOK H O +=+4．（2019秋·江西宜春·高三上高二中校考阶段练习）在100kPa 时，1 mol C(石墨，s)转化为1 mol C(金刚石，s)，要吸收l.895kJ 的热能。

下列说法正确的是 A ．金刚石和石墨是碳元素的两种同分异构体 B ．金刚石比石墨稳定C ．1 mol C(石墨，s)比1 mol C(金刚石，s)的总能量低D ．石墨转化为金刚石是物理变化5．（2021秋·河北保定·高二徐水综合高中校考阶段练习）锂－空气电池是一种可充放电池，电池反应为2Li ＋O 2＝Li 2O 2，某锂－空气电池的构造原理图如图。

湖北省沙市中学2020—2021学年度上学期2020级第三次双周练历史试卷一、选择题（1.5ⅹ30=45分）1．文明的意义只有在历史上的长时段中才能凸现，站在今天，回顾人类从早期游徙不定到定居生活的转变过程，最具决定性意义的一步是( )A．谷物种植B．房屋建造C．陶器制作D．牲畜饲养2．2019年7月6日，联合国教科文组织将位于浙江杭州的“良渚古城遗址”列入《世界遗产名录》。

通过良渚考古发掘，学者们普遍认为当时私有制已经产生，阶级分化日益明显，出现了权贵阶层。

以下能作为直接证据的考古发现是（）A．城中发现20多万公斤的炭化稻堆积B．少数墓葬有精美的玉器和陶器随葬C．古城遗址布局与山形水势充分契合D．碳14测定年代为公元前3000年左右3．史学家虽未发现夏朝考古的直接证据，但发现了与其时间地点最吻合的遗址，它是（）A. 姜寨遗址B. 良渚遗址C. 二里头遗址D. 殷墟遗址4．周天子授土授民给诸侯“建国”，诸侯授土授民给卿、大夫“立家”，对士、庶而言，他们把自己的宗族称为“家”，只知效忠于“家”，而不知效忠于“国”。

材料说明()A．宗法制和分封制是互为表里的关系B．家国同构有利于凝聚宗族强化王权C．分封制隐含着国家分裂割据的因素D．周代血缘政治弱化了贵族特权地位5．在我国古代，“社稷”是国家的代称。

其中，“社”指土地之神，“稷”指主管五谷之神。

关于国家的这种理解，反映了我国古代（）A．非常重视祭祀B．注重精耕细作C．农业地位很高D．国家正式形成6．“上善若水，水善利万物而不争。

”这段材料最有可能选自（）A. 《老子》B. 《论语》C. 《诗经》D. 《韩非子》7．冯友兰先生认为，孔孟思想的特点在于“道中庸”，在伦理道德领域见长，老庄思想的特点和优势则在于“极高明”之哲学领域。

在冯友兰先生看来，儒道两家()A．互相吸纳融合B．具有优劣之分C．展开思想争鸣D．具有不同传统8．下图是某中学课题组在探究春秋战国时期历史时做的学习摘要。