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Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective （模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
李观仪《新编英语教程（1）》第3版学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】Unit1一、词汇短语Text I1.clumsy[]adj.moving or doing things in a very awkward way笨拙的，拙劣的：I spilt your coffee.Sorry—that was clumsy of me.我把你的咖啡弄洒了。
对不起，我太笨了。
2.hammer[]v.敲打n.a tool that consists of a heavy piece of metalat the end of a handle锤子：To avoid damaging the tree,hammer awooden peg into the hole.为了避免毁坏这棵树，把一只木钉敲进那个洞里。
3.deft[]adj.skilful and often quick灵巧的，敏捷熟练的：With a deft flick ofhis wrist,he extinguished the match.他的手腕灵巧地一抖，就熄灭了火柴。
【扩展】近义词：dexterous灵巧的，熟练的4.squarely[‘ɛ]adv.directly or in the middle,rather than indirectly orat an angle正好、正中地：I kept the gun aimed squarely at his eyes.我一直把枪直直瞄准他的眼睛。
5.apt[]adj.exactly suitable适当的，恰当的：The words of this report are as apttoday as in1929.这份报告的措辞在当今如在1929年一样恰当。
6.scrupulous[]adj.correct even in the smallest detail；exact严格认真的，审慎的：You’re being very scrupulous,but to whatend?你表现得很认真，但目的是什么呢？7.subtle[]adj.not very noticeable or obvious细致的，微妙的，不易察觉的：The truth is subtly different.事实略有不同。
新编英语教程1～6李观仪第3版教材下载及学习指南李观仪《新编英语教程（1～6）》（第3版）全套资料【教材＋学习指南】目录•李观仪《新编英语教程（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】•李观仪《新编英语教程（1）》（第3版）教材（上海外语教育出版社）•李观仪《新编英语教程（2）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】•李观仪《新编英语教程（2）》（第3版）教材（上海外语教育出版社）•李观仪《新编英语教程（3）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】•李观仪《新编英语教程（3）》（第3版）教材（上海外语教育出版社）•李观仪《新编英语教程（4）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】•李观仪《新编英语教程（4）》（第3版）教材（上海外语教育出版社）•李观仪《新编英语教程（5）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】•李观仪《新编英语教程（5）》（第3版）教材（上海外语教育出版社）第6册•李观仪《新编英语教程（6）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】•李观仪《新编英语教程（6）》（第3版）教材（上海外语教育出版社）•试看部分内容Unit 1一、单元语法本单元主要涉及一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成，表达“被、受、由”之意。
一般用于以下几种情况：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者I t i s f o u n d t h a t T o m w a s m u r d e r e d.有人发现汤姆被谋杀了。
（2）没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者Fresh fruit is so ld in this marke t.这个市场出售新鲜水果。
（3）强调动作的承受者“A Tale of Two Citie s”was written b y Dicken s.《双城记》的作者是狄更斯。
三、参考译文对话动物保护A:你听说过WSPA吗？B:WSPA?那是什么？A:世界动物保护协会。
这是一个国际非盈利性的动物保护组织，也是同类组织的一个联盟，活跃在150多个国家。
B:动物保护组织！太棒了！再告诉我一些信息！A:当然可以。
WSPA反对虐待动物的种种行为，同时也发起运动，反对虐待动物的某些特定行为，如纵狗逗熊、斗牛、捕鲸等。
该组织保护熊的工作尤其出名。
B:说到熊，我想起几天前读到的一篇揭露持续取熊胆汁的报道。
报道称，在世界的一些地方，仍然有人在大肆抽取熊的胆汁，超过3000头熊仍被关在熊“饲养场”的恶劣环境之中。
A:嗯，是的。
我也读过一些类似的报道。
人们定期从熊的胆囊中抽取胆汁，用在传统药物当中，或出于娱乐目的，而熊则会痛苦地扭动、呻吟。
B:真是令人发指。
抽取和出售熊胆汁的熊主人和商业机构应该受到严厉的惩罚，政府也需要确保不会再有熊被人从野外捉来关入饲养场里。
A:所有虐待动物的行为都应该被严格制止。
B:是的，完全同意。
A:WSPA在这方面做了很多工作。
目前该组织正在努力终止狗肉贸易。
你知道，商业性狗肉生产的每个环节都充斥着虐待行为，无论是“狗饲养场”，还是街头捕狗，抑或是运输和杀戮过程。
B:我无法理解为什么有些人会忍心吃狗肉。
A:据WSPA称，饲养场中的狗活不到一年，它们常常被饲养在“悬于地面”的笼子里。
虽然根据设计初衷，笼中的垃圾可以排出笼外，但事实上，这些笼子很少有人清理，四处肮脏不堪。
B:可怜的小家伙们！我们能做些什么来保护动物吗？A:当然。
我们每个人都可以主动去关心动物的生活。
譬如，在购买乳制品或肉类时，我们要确认其是有机的，或是自由放养的。
如果你所去超市出售的食物并不关注动物福利，写信给他们，要求他们关注。
B:而且我们永远不要购买皮草产品。
A:对的。
皮草产业要为每年一亿多只动物遭受的极大痛苦和死亡负责。
因生产非必需的奢侈品而死亡的动物有兔子、狐狸、水貂、浣熊、海豹等等。
B:我听说用来生产皮草制品的动物中，有85%都是在饲养场里商业养殖的。
Uint1The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Sullivan, came to me. It was the third of March,1887, three months before I was seven years old. On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant, I guessed from my mother’s signs and from the hurrying in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. Hanging down from the porch was sweet-smelling honeysuckle. My fingers lightly touched the familiar leaves and the blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring I did not know what surprise the future held for me.I felt approaching footsteps, I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to help me discover all things to me, and, more than anything else, to love me.Unit 2It seems that marriage and money don’t mix, because marriage is a sexy rose-colored event that seems as wonderful as a cake without calories. Money, on the other hand, is the oil that greases the wheel. Money means business and it’s usually the last topic you want to discuss when you announce your engagement.Beyond the expenses that you’ll incur with your wedding and honeymoon, money may provide most of the contention within your marriage. While discussions about money might seem unromantic at this moment, it’s best to talk about the future now before that marriage makes you legally bound to each other. Once you’ve said, “I do,” some things can’t be undone.Unit 3The Globe Theater is a playhouse built just outside London in 1599. It is the most famous theater in history: on its stage Shakespeare’s greatest plays were first performed. Big enough to hold about 2,500 people, the Globe had three levels of galleries surrounding an unroofed yard. Extending from one side of the yard to the center was an open stage. From the stage floor rose two posts to support an overhanging canopy known as the ‘heavens’. The Globe was built in London by the Burbage brothers in 1599. At the same time, wishing to bind the Lord Chamberlain’s company closely to the new playhouse, they planned a novel partnership in which the brothers divided ownership of the Globe among themselves and five of the actors in the company, one of whom was Shakespeare. After 1609, when the company opened a second theater, the Globe became less important. On June 29, 1613, during a performance of Shakespeare’s King Henry the Eighth, fire destroyed theGlobe. It was rebuilt within a year but was destroyed forever by the Puritans in 1644.Unit 4Throughout the long period, the French showed noticeably more enthusiasm for a Channel tunnel than the British. This may seem curious, seeing that France already has many land frontiers, whereas for Britain a tunnel would be its first fixed link with the Continent, and thus more valuable. But the British were held back by their insularity, and especially by fears that an invader might be able to make use of the scheme. Happily, all that is past. Today Britain’s politicians and business circles have shown themselves as eager as the French.Those who take a wider and longer-term view believe that these possible drawbacks for Britain will be far outweighed by the advantages. Passengers by express train will be able to do the journey at least an hour faster than by air, city center to city center, and without any tedious waits at airports. Also the fares will be cheaper. So the tunnel will probably stimulate a vast increase in tourism and business travel between London and Paris.Unit 5Man has a big brain. He can think, learn, and speak. Scientists used tothink that humans were different from animals because they can think and learn. They know now that animals can learn--dogs, rats, birds and even worms can learn. Scientists are now beginning to understand that humans are different from animals because they can speak. Animals cannot speak. They make noises when they are afraid, or angry, or unhappy. Apes are our nearest cousins. They can understand some things more quickly than human beings, and one or two have learned a few words, but they are still different from us. They cannot join words or make sentences. They cannot think like us because they have no language, as we mean it. They can never think about the past or the future. Language is a wonderful thing. Man has been able to develop civilization largely because he has language. Every child can speak his own language very well when he is four or five--but no animal learns to speak. How do children learn? Scientists do not really know. What happens when we speak? Scientists don’t know. They only know that man can speak because he has a big brain.Unit 5Many students who call themselves bad readers nevertheless do read some things successfully. They may read novels or they may read the sports page every day. But a textbook is a different matter. A textbook gives them a lot of troubles. Why is that? One reason is lack of interest. Another is that they are often unfamiliar with the subject about whichthey are reading. But a third reason is that they try to read a textbook as if it were a novel or a sports story or a problem to be solved by Ann landers. They respond to the textbook inappropriately.How you read something depends on the author’s purpose in writing. There are basically four purposes for writing. Some authors write to tell a story; others write to create an image in your mind; some authors write to inform or to teach; and some still others write to convince you of a particular viewpoint. Each of these four purposes requires a different response as you read. If you respond differently to different types of writing, you will find that your reading will be much easier.。
三、参考译文对话黄山之旅A:我听说你暑假期间去了黄山，这次旅行如何？B:哦，这真是一次美好的经历啊！如果你还从没去过黄山，真应该找个时间亲自去看看，或许和一帮朋友一起去。
A:如果有机会，近期我一定会找个时间去的。
黄山我听得太多了，你认为什么时候去那儿最佳？B:嗯，夏季那儿很拥挤。
你知道，夏天对登山胜地来说一向是最繁忙的旅游旺季。
冬天那儿又太冷，再说，学校上课期间，我们也抽不出时间。
所以我可以很肯定地说，对大学生来说去黄山的最佳时间是放暑假的头几天。
A:我明白了。
到那儿要多长时间？B:那得看你怎么去。
如果乘飞机去，不包括往返机场路上花的时间，一个小时就够了。
你也可以乘大巴去，花的时间要长一些，也没那么舒服，但有失必有得，你可以欣赏乡村美妙的景色。
在大巴上，你可以享受和朋友在一起的时光，还可以省下相当一笔钱。
再说，长途汽车可以直接把你送到山脚下，如果你愿意，还可以载你上半山腰。
A:那我还是乘大巴去吧。
从上海乘大巴到那儿要多长时间呢？B:乘大巴单程要八个小时，取决于一路上的天气和交通状況。
A:哇，要花八个小时在路上！B:而且当你快到那儿时，道路狭窄蜿蜒。
这多少有些烦人，但也相当刺激，你务必得找个车技娴熟又仔细的司机。
A:一路上大巴会停下来休息吗？这样你好舒展一下腿脚、去趟洗手向或是吃点美味点心，我无法想象开八个小时不停歇。
B:哦，是的，当然。
虽说大巴后部有个厕所，每两三个小时它还是会停下来让你放松一下并且吃个饭。
A:听上去很不错嘛。
顺便问一下，我听说黄山以云海、松树和奇石而闻名。
我们在那儿时，有没有露营、攀岩、绳索下降等探险活动可以参加？你能告诉我什么时候是看云海的最佳时间，我在哪里能看到著名的松树和奇特的怪石吗？我想我们都应该带好照相机记录下这美丽的景色，保存和朋友在一起时的珍贵回忆。
B:呃，一旦你下定决心要去，我会告诉你所有细节的。
A:你觉得我是自己安排旅行日程呢，还是预订旅行社的包团旅行好呢？B:各有利弊。
新编⼤学英语教程阅读部分第⼀册unit2 01Unit 2 Psychology in Our Daily LifeUnit02-1Is There a Doctor in the Body?1 When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription. It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.2 A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or an empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?3 The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The "doctor" will heal the body for us if we let it.4 But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.5 Other people say this is not so. They say that the placebo makes the wish to get better become reality. The placebo will not work if the patient knows it is a placebo. This shows that the body is not fooled by it. It seems that if patients think they have been given medicine, they will have hope. They feel that they are getting some help. This gives them a stronger will to get better, and that is what helps to heal them.6 Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.7 An example of the doctor's role in making the placebo work can be seen in this study. Some patients with bleeding ulcers were put in two groups. The first group were told by a doctor that they had been given a new drug which, it was hoped, would give them some relief. The second group were told by a nurse that they had been given a new drug but that not much was known about how it would work. As a result, 70 percent of the people in the first group got much better. Only 25 percent of the people in the second group got better. And both groups had in fact been given the same thing-a placebo.8 The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases. It helps such things as seasickness, coughs, colds, and even pain after an operation. And there was an experiment done to see if a placebo could help old people stay healthy and live longer.9 The test was done in Romania with 150 people over the age of 60. They were put in three groups with 50 people in each group. The first group were given nothing at all. The second group were given a placebo. The third group were given a real drug and told that it would help with the problems of old age. (In fact, it was not a drug for old age at all.) The three groups were studied for many years. The first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been. The second group (with the placebo) had much better health and a lower death rate. The third group (with the real drug) showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo.10 A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it.11 And yet, the use of the placebo has been well known for hundreds of years in other countries. Tribal doctors in some African countries have known for a long time that patients will get better if they think they are going to. Many of the "treatments" they use do not seem able to make a sick person better, and yet such treatments work.12 The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo. (839 words)。
李观仪《新编英语教程》学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（Unit9）Unit 9⼀、词汇短语Text I1. elicit v. to give rise to; evoke引出，引起e.g. Mr. Norris said he washopeful that his request would elicit a positive response.诺⾥斯先⽣说他希望他的要求会引起积极的回应。
2. anarchy n.disorder; confusion⽆秩序，混乱e.g. The concept ofself-organizing teams does not imply anarchy. ⾃组织团队的概念不意味着⽆政府状态。
3. blithely adj. in a happy and carefree manner快活地，⽆忧⽆虑地；漫不经⼼地e.g. They blithely carried on chatting, ignoring the customerswho were waiting to be served. 他们继续开⼼地聊天，将等着购物的顾客们置于⼀边。
4. n.being deserted and allowed to fall intoruins遗弃，弃置e.g. The previous owners had rescued the building fromdereliction. 以前的主⼈把这座建筑物从废墟中挽救了出来。
5. graff n.drawings or writing on a public wall, usuallyhumorous, obscene or political(在公共墙壁上涂写的)图画或⽂字，涂鸦e.g.Buildings old and new are thickly covered with graffiti.新旧建筑物都覆盖着密密⿇⿇的涂鸦。
三、参考译文对话美国文坛三大家A:你通宵熬夜了吗？黑眼圈好重。
B:对呀。
熬夜写论文，写的是美国文学史上的几个大人物。
A:哇！都是谁呢？B:主要是写我个人最喜欢的三个作家——托马斯·杰斐逊、沃尔特·惠特曼和欧内斯特·海明威。
A:这几个我也喜欢。
我最崇拜托马斯·杰斐逊。
他既是政治家、艺术家，又是科学家、文体家……B:没错。
他的确多才多艺，是个真正的博学之士。
最重要的是，他在政治学上有渊博的学识，因此被任命起草《独立宣言》。
A:噢，对呀！其中许多都是脍炙人口的名句，比方说“我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等”。
B:还有“人人都与生俱来拥有若干不可让与的权利——生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利”。
这句话被公认为是英语语言史上最具影响力的名言。
A:这句话还为“美国梦”奠定了基础，是这样一种美国梦：对每个人而言，无论出身抑或贫富，一切皆有可能。
只要付出努力，万事都能成功。
对了，你说在论文中还提到了沃尔特·惠特曼对吗？B:没错。
他是我敬仰的诗人。
A:我也喜欢读他的诗。
他的《草叶集》被世世代代的中国读者视为珍宝。
B:一点儿也没错。
惠特曼认为每个人都拥有平等的尊严，每个人都同样重要。
A:这也正和《独立宣言》的精神不谋而合！对了，你写的第三个作家是谁？B:是《老人与海》的作者，这部作品曾让我深受启发。
A:我读过这部小说，是欧内斯特·海明威写的吗？B:是的。
是个英雄故事，讲述了人类与其不可掌控的力量之间所展开的殊死较量。
其实，贯穿海明威小说的永恒主题就是：一个人可以被毁灭，却不能被打败。
每次读他的作品，我总能感受到自己充满了勇气和力量。
A:这么听起来你的论文很有意义。
希望很快就能拜读大作。
阅读文章I我写，故我在有很长一段日子，我曾给一家销路不怎么广的刊物撰稿。
编辑总觉得我的一大堆稿子中没几篇适合发表的。
我呕心沥血，换来了只有白白付出的劳力，这对作家而言早已司空见惯。
Unit 10一、词汇短语Text I1. fuss n. needlessly nervous or useless activity.忙乱，大惊小怪e.g. The oldlady soon got into a fuss. 老妇人很快就紧张起来。
2. overpopulate v. to fill (an area) with excessivepopulation. 使(一地区)人口过剩,使人口过密e.g. The downtown is beingoverpopulated. 闹市区的人口越来越稠密了。
3. n. a situation, specially a bad or unfortunate one. 情况，状态，困境，盟誓(婚姻)4. counterpart n. one that closely resembles another. 副本，极相似的人或物，配对物5. n. unable to read and write. 文盲；adj. 不识字的，没受教育的e.g. A large percentage of the population is illiterate. 人口中文盲的比例相当高。
6. assist v. to gor supplement. 援助，帮助；通常用作assist sb. in doing sth. 或assist sb. with sth.即“帮助某人做某事”。
7. interrogate v.to examine by questioning formally orofficially. 审问，询问e.g. I interrogated everyone even slightly involved. 我审问了每个人，即便是稍有关联的人也在其中。
8. prying adj. insistently or impertinently curious or inquisitive. 窥视的，窥探的，爱打听的e.g. You are such a prying student. 你真是个爱打听的学生。
新编英语教程1李观仪unit4A NEW ENGLISH COURSEBook IUnit 4 (10 periods)Unit 41．教学基本要求（1）掌握Dialogue（2）理解Text I ; 了解Text II2．教学具体内容Language structures:(1) It may/might be…(2) He should/ought to…(3) I would rather …(4) He must be…//He can’t be…Dialogue: A Trip to ChinaRole-play: Talking About Eating HabitsReading I: Human NeedsReading II: BreadGuided Writing:Connectives and Attitude WordsNote of Declining an InvitationInteraction Activities: Guess Which and Who重点: Dialogue: A Trip to ChinaReading I: Human Needs难点: Guided Writing: Connectives and Attitude Words Note of Declining an Invitation3. Teaching aims and requirements:1. Doing Oral Work2. Practicing the grammar points in this unit3. Learning and memorizing the new words and phrases in this unit4. Reading Text I intensively5. Reading Text II extensively6. Practicing writing a note of declining an invitation4. Teaching Content and Procedures1. Language Structure Practice I练习重点：(1). It may/might be fine tomorrow.(2). He should/ought to get up early and take some exercise every day.(3). I would rather do some reading.(4) He must be in the gym. // He can’t be there.Description of LSPLSP I: 1. Inquiring how certain somebody is of something;2. Expressing how certain/uncertain one is of somethingLSP II:1. Asking for advice on somebody’s behalf;2. Giving adviceLSP III: Inquiring about and expressing one’s preferenceLSP Ⅳ: 1. Expressing strong probability2. Expressing impossibility2. Reading Dialogue I by acting different roles: A Trip to China(1) Leading inQuestion1: Where did A visit in China? (He visited Lots of places... world-renowned places like the capital Beijing, prosperous Shanghai, the historic city4 Xi’an, scenic Guilin, and “hot and spicy”Chengdu. He also visited many other places of historical interest and many famous mountains and great rivers, too.)Question2: Which of those visited places impressed A themost? (The two-thousand-year-old terracotta warriors and horses in Xi’an impressed A most.)Question 3: Does B know the terracotta warriors and horses in Xi’an? (Yes, he read about them and has seen the pictures in National Geographic.)Questio n 4: According to A, what’s the most prominent feature of the warriors? (No two warriors look alike. Each wears his own facial expression and has his own personality.)(2) Explaining Languages Pointsthe historic city — the city that is important in history (历史名城); historical interest —interest that is connected with history (有历史性趣味的)Distinguish between historic and historical, their Chinese equivalents being“历史上有名的, 有历史意义的”and “历史的, 有关历史的”respectively, e.g.:a historic event历史事件historic times 历史时期historical figures 历史人物historical novels 历史题材的小说National Geographic — a well-known magazine published in the U.S.A.Tell you what. — Let me tell you this.Mapo Doufu—麻婆豆腐I'll ask for your company. —I’ll ask you to go with me.(3) Retelling the conversation in a storySample outline:1. Ted tells Bob about his trip to China.2. Ted introduces many world-famous places he has visited.3. Ted describes Xi’an’s terracotta warriors and horses.4. Ted describes Chinese food and cooking styles, the spicy-hot Sichuan dishes in particular.Sample story:Ted and Bob occasionally met each other one day. Ted told Bob he had just finished his trip to China after visiting many world-renowned places like the capital Beijing, prosperous Shanghai, t he historic city Xi’an, the scenic Guilin, “hot and spicy” Chen gdu and many other places. Of those innumerable attractions, the place impressed Ted most is the two-thousand-year-old terracotta warriors and horses in Xi’an. The warriors and horses are all o f life-size and each warrior wears his own facial expression and has his own personality. It was such an extraordinary trip. But what’s even more fascinating, Ted thought, was the Chinese food. He told Bob there’s no such thing as the so-called “Chinese food” because China is such a large country that there are numerous cooking styles that are vastly different from each other. So, when ordering food in Chinese restaurant, he suggested ordering Chinese food by the names of famous dishes rather than by any prevailing style, for example, Mapo Doufu.3. Reading I (intensively): Human Needs(1) Pre-reading questionsHow much do you know about the ancient ways of living?Do you know Maslow's hierarchy of human needs? Share with us your understanding.Do you think human beings nowadays want more than they need?(2) Explaining Language pointssomething which is necessary to life, something that we cannot possibly do without do without means “manage without”, e.g.,A lot of people think that a TV set is a necessity, but I can do without it.Without it we would starve to death. We could manage on a diet of one kind of meat, but how monotonous it would become! The above two sentences are both implied conditionals in which the conjunction “if” does not appear in the c lause. The assumed condition in the first sentence is shown by the prepositional phrase “without it” while the assumed condition in the second one is implied in the context.In primitive countries man's food needs...We can agree with primitive man that...Man in both the above sentences refer to “men in general” or “the human race”; no article is used before the word.although their needs are like our own their wants are different. — Try to tell the difference between the words needs and wants from the context.the wide variety of food we have available — the wide variety of food we have that is available to usTake fruit, for example.This is an imperative sentence, so a full stop should be used at the end of it; otherwise, it would become a run-on sentence. More examples:A dangling modifier is a related but slightly different error. Take for example the lastsentence.Take my parents for example. They are both senior managers and have to work long hours.Take, for example, the architecture in the Tudor period.(4) Comprehension Questions1. Why is food a basic need? (Because without food we would starve to death.)2. How can we avoid malnutrition? (To have different varietiesof food.)3. Why did primitive people eat only the food that could be grown near their homes? (Because the method of transportation and food preservation was poor then.)4. What is the difference between needs and wants? (Needs are something necessary to life, and wants are things that we'd like to have.)5. How do we differ from primitive men in our food wants? (With the wide variety of food available, we have a wider choice.)6. Name three things that a modern house contains but an ancient palace did not. (air conditioner, TV and refrigerator)4. Reading II (extensively): Bread(1) Comprehension QuestionsWhat were probably the first crops that were grown for food? (It is probable that the first crops that were grown for food were grains, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, and rice.)Why is wheat the most important grain in many countries?(Because wheat is the most important grain from which flour can be made.)Name some of the countries that consider wheat as their major crop.(France, England, Pakistan, India and China, etc.)Explain the process by which bread is made.(First the land must be ploughed, and then seed planted in the ground. In some places irrigating is needed before harvest. The first step in harvesting is cutting off the head, thresh the wheat and make them into flour. After the flour is made, it is mixed with water, yeast and salt, and then it is baked.)5. Guided Writing:1.Finishing the cloze work on the book to practice usingsome conjunctions and adverbs2.Put the sentences into right order to learn the writing of a note declining an invitation.6. Exercises of WorkbookFinishing all exercises on workbook.Additional Exercise: TranslationMany primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. They thought, for example, that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies. Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory. Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty.许多原始时代的人都相信，若是吃了某种动物就能得到那种动物所具备的某些优良特性。
四、课文精解Dialogue1.I certainly will one of these days…：句中one of these days释义为in the near future，before long“不久以后”。
2.We can’t afford the time when school is in session：afford为（某目的）有足够的时间，金钱等。
session学期，学年。
词组in session可用来表示“开会，开庭”。
例：The court is now in session.法庭现在开庭。
3.a one-way bus ride单程车。
round trip环程旅行。
a round-trip ticket一张往返票。
4.on narrow winding roads：句中现在分词winding当形容词使用，释义为twisting or turning;sinuous“弯曲的，蜿蜒的”。
5.I heard that Huangshan is famous for…:本句中，主句部分使用一般过去时“heard”，正常情况下，从句部分时态应与之一致，也使用一般过去时，但此处却使用了一般现在时“is famous for”，是因为从句部分陈述的是客观事实，因此不用改变时态。
陈述客观事实，真理等的从句，都用一般现在时，不需与主句时态保持一致。
例：The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.Reading I1.In a country of free enterprise,where business interests are so powerful,these parks play an essential role：free enterprise自由企业，政府很少干预的自主经营。
play a role in…在…方面起作用。
Unit 2DIALOGUE IA Trip to HuangshanA: You visited Huangshan during your summer vacation, I heard. How was the trip? B: Oh, it was great! You ought to go there some day if you haven't been there already. A: I certainly will one of these days when I have a chance. I've heard so much about it. What do you think is the best time to go to Huangshan? B: Well, it's very crowded there in summer. You know, summer is always a busy tourist season for resorts like mountains and beaches. And it's too cold to go there in winter, so I wouldn't suggest the winter season, either. Besides, we can't afford the time when school is in session. So I would say the best time for college students to visit Huangshan is the first few days of the summer break when people haven't started doing anything yet. A: I see. How long does the whole the whole trip take, including the time on the road? B: It all depends, really. If you go there by train, four days should be enough. You can also take a bus, which takes a longer time and is less comfortable, but as a trade-off, you'll be able to enjoy lots of country scenes and perhaps you'll save some money, too. Besides, the coach will take you directly to the foot of the mountain, or, if you like, midway up the mountain. A: I'll go by bus, then. But how long does it take from Shanghai? B: A one-way bus ride takes about twelve hours. A: Wow, twelve hours on the road! B: And on narrow winding roads when you're almost there. A: Does the bus stop for a rest on the way? B: Oh, yes, of course. Although there's a john at the back of the coach, it stops every three or four hours for you to relax and stretch yourself, and take meals. A: That sounds good. If I can afford the time, I think I'll take the bus. Incidentally, I heard that Huangshan is famous for its clouds, pine trees and rocks. Could you tell me when is the best time to see the clouds and where I can find the famous pine trees and the unique rock formations? B: Well, as soon as you've made up your mind, I'll tell you what to look for and where to see them. A: Do you think I should go by myself, or take a package tour with a travel agency. B: I can't say which is better. They each have advantages and disadvantages. Anyway, the most important of all is that you must go and see for yourself. A: Thank you very much for all the information. You know, I'm beginning to think about the trip very seriously.DIALOGUE IIDialogue: Map of NewtownA stranger standing at point x stops someone and asks him the way to the station. A: Excuse me. B: Yes. A: Could you tell me how to get to the railway station, please? B: The railway station? Let me think... yes, take the third turning on the right and it's opposite the park. A: The third turning on the right. I see... is it far? B: No, not really, only a few minutes. A: Oh, good, thank you very much. B: Not at all.READING ILeaving HomeWhen I told my mother, she looked at me as if I had slapped her face. "What? Live in London?" she said. "I just feel it's time I saw a little more of the world. After all, mum, I'm twenty-two!" Just then, my father came downstairs, looking relaxed as he always did after his Sunday afternoon nap. I had chosen the moment carefully. "Clive wants to leave home. He doesn't want to live with us any more," she told him in a trembling voice. My father's expression changed. "What? You aren't serious, are you, son?" he asked. He sat down at the table opposite me. Perhaps my parents wouldn't have reacted this way if they hadn't spent all their lives in a small village in Wales. And perhaps my mother in particular wouldn't have been so possessive if her only other child hadn't died as a baby. I tried to explain to them that the bank I worked for had offered me a chance to take a job in their head office. But I didn't dare tell them I had already accepted the job. "London's a long way away. We'll hardly see you any more," my father said. "I can come back at weekends, dad." He shook his head, looking more and more like someone who had just been given a few months to live by his doctor. "I don't know, son. I don't know." He shook his head again and then got up and walked out into the garden. My mother and I sat there at the table. In the silence, I could hear the old clock ticking away in the hall. There were tears in my mother's eyes. I know she was going to put pressure on me to give up the idea, and I wondered if I could stand up to it. I even began to wonder if it was wrong of me to want to leave my family, the village and the people I had known all my life to live among the English in their cold, strange capital. She put her hand over mine. "Your father hasn't been well lately. Neither have I. You know that. But we won't stand in your way if it's what you really want," she said.。
Unit 6一、词汇短语Text I1. v. have a strong desire for sth. 渴望，渴求某事物；通常与介词for连用，crave for 表示“渴望…”。
e.g. Sometimes I crave sushi.偶尔想吃寿司2. n. one that prepares and lays stones in building.石工，石匠3. n. the act of revealing or disclosing.显示，揭露4. adj. full of events.多事的；多变故的e.g.an eventful week. 忙碌的一周。
important; momentous. 重要的，重大的；an eventful decision.重大决定5. adj. lacking excitement or variety; dull; monotonous平淡的；单调的，乏味的e.g. humdrum life 单调的生活6. v. to cover completely in a liquid. 沉浸；浸入e.g. Theelectrodes are immersed in liquid. 电极被浸没在液体中。
to engage whollyor deeply; absorb.专心于…。
e.g. He’s really becoming immersed in hiswork. 他开始真正地专注于自己的工作。
7. n. art or work of a carpenter木工工作8. n.an official right to be the onlyperson or company allowed to make or sell a new product for a certain period of time.专利e.g. P&G applied for a patent on its cookies. 宝洁公司为其饼干申请了专利。
Unit 1DIALOGUE IBack from the Summer CampA: Y ou know what? I've just come back from a wonderful summer camp.B: Y ou have? Where did you go?A: Mount Tai.B: I've been there too. It's one of China's most beautiful mountains. There're many scenic spots and places of historical interest. I was greatly impressed by its natural beauty when I took a study tour there two years ago.A: It really is a very beautiful tourist attraction. But we went there as campers, not as tourists. It was a study program organized by our local community committee.B: I bet you had lots of fun there.A: Yes, it was a wonderful experience. Y ou know it was the first time I'd been to a summer camp in five years, and it brought back such sweet memories.B: Were there any other camping groups when you were there?A: Not when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. But soon we were joined by many similar camping groups from other cities. By the time we arrived at the campsite, night had fallen. And we were so happy to see that the campers who arrived there the day before were giving a performance by the campfire.B: Y ou remind me of my last trip there. I wish I had been there with you this time. What did you do at the summer camp?A: Oh, lots of things. Most of the time we studied plants, rocks, insects... things like that. We also had lots of fun, hiking, climbing mountains, taking pictures...B: I guess you had the life of a natural scientist.A: And the life of an athlete, too.B: I had a similar experience during the summer two years ago. I remember my summer camp was subdivided into what we called "hobby groups", such as the music group, the drama group, and the model aircraft and ship group. People sharing similar interests and hobbies worked together. Were there any hobby groups in your program?A: Y es, of course. We had a number of hobby groups for campers with varied interests. We called them "project groups" because each group worked on a particular project. At the completion of their projects, each group presented their "fruits" to all the campers. Some gave oral reports, some staged an exhibition, and others put on a performance.B: Y ou had a marvelous time this summer! Y our story has really brought back happy memories of my own camping experience.DIALOGUE IIDialogue:Sally Jones, an English language teacher from Oxford University, has just arrived at BeijingAirport. She is going to spend three months here, lecturing and teaching at different colleges and universities. Miss Wang, Secretary of the English Department, and Mr. Y u, Vice Chairman of the English Department, have come to the airport to meet her.Miss Wang: Excuse me, are you Miss Jones?Sally: Yes, that's right.Miss Wang: Oh, how do you do? I'm Wang Xinfu, Secretary of the English Department.Sally: Oh, yes, Miss Wang, hello. I'm very pleased to meet you. (They shake hands.)Miss Wang: Miss Jones, may I introduce you to Mr. Y u, Vice Chairman of the English Department?Mr. Y u: Hello, Miss Jones, I've been looking forward to meeting you.Sally: How do you do? (They shake hands.) It's very kind of you both to come and meet me at the airport.Miss Wang: Not at all. I hope you had a good flight.Sally: Well, not too bad. It was a bit bumpy as we came in to land; some low clouds, I think. Mr. Y u: Y es, we had a storm here yesterday and the weather is still a bit unsettled.Sally: Oh, dear! I was rather lucky then!Miss Wang: Y ou must be rather tired after your long flight.Sally: Well, yes, I am actually... I've been travelling for 21 hours!Mr. Y u: In that case, I think we should go straight to the hotel.Miss Wang: Yes, I agree. This way then, ... if you'd like to follow me.READING IHerbert's HomecomingHerbert Marshall was a student at Cambridge, but his hometown was St. Albans. It was August and the family had gone to the seaside. Herbert went to France for his holiday, but he ran out of money, and came home a week earlier than he had expected to.His train didn't get into St. Albans until just before midnight. The last bus had gone, so he had to walk home. He let himself into the kitchen, and as he was feeling hot and sticky, he took off his shirt to have a wash.Suddenly he heard heavy footsteps running up the path. The back door burst open, and he found himself surrounded by policemen. They pushed him into the living-room next door, made him sit down, and began asking him question."What's your name?""Where do you live?""What's in that case?""What are you doing here?""I live here," said Herbert, "I've been on holiday." But nobody listened to him. They just went on asking questions. Then suddenly one of the policemen said:"Watch him, Frank — we'll go and search the house."They left a tall, very young policeman to guard him."Can I put my shirt on?" asked Herbert."No," said the policeman, "stay where you are."Then the others came back with an older man, a sergeant. He asked the same questions, but he listened to Herbert's answers."I live here," said Herbert, "and I want to put my shirt on." The sergeant looked at him thoughtfully."We'll soon settle this," he said.He went out and came back with a small, sandy-haired man wearing a shabby, brown dressing-gown. It was Herbert's next-door neighbor. He peered at Herbert intently through thick spectacles."Oh, yes, sergeant," he said, "That is Mr. Marshall." Then he disappeared very quickly. The policemen all looked dreadfully disappointed. They were convinced they had caught a burglar. "Did he ring you up?" asked Herbert. The police sergeant nodded."He saw a light and understood your family had all gone away to the seaside."When they had all gone, Herbert made himself a cup of coffee.Unit 2DIALOGUE IA Trip to HuangshanA: Y ou visited Huangshan during your summer vacation, I heard. How was the trip?B: Oh, it was great! Y ou ought to go there some day if you haven't been there already.A: I certainly will one of these days when I have a chance. I've heard so much about it. What do you think is the best time to go to Huangshan?B: Well, it's very crowded there in summer. Y ou know, summer is always a busy tourist season for resorts like mountains and beaches. And it's too cold to go there in winter, so I wouldn't suggest the winter season, either. Besides, we can't afford the time when school is in session. So I would say the best time for college students to visit Huangshan is the first few days of the summer break when people haven't started doing anything yet.A: I see. How long does the whole the whole trip take, including the time on the road?B: It all depends, really. If you go there by train, four days should be enough. Y ou can also take a bus, which takes a longer time and is less comfortable, but as a trade-off, you'll be able to enjoy lots of country scenes and perhaps you'll save some money, too. Besides, the coach will take you directly to the foot of the mountain, or, if you like, midway up the mountain.A: I'll go by bus, then. But how long does it take from Shanghai?B: A one-way bus ride takes about twelve hours.A: Wow, twelve hours on the road!B: And on narrow winding roads when you're almost there.A: Does the bus stop for a rest on the way?B: Oh, yes, of course. Although there's a john at the back of the coach, it stops every three or four hours for you to relax and stretch yourself, and take meals.A: That sounds good. If I can afford the time, I think I'll take the bus. Incidentally, I heard that Huangshan is famous for its clouds, pine trees and rocks. Could you tell me when is the best timeto see the clouds and where I can find the famous pine trees and the unique rock formations?B: Well, as soon as you've made up your mind, I'll tell you what to look for and where to see them. A: Do you think I should go by myself, or take a package tour with a travel agency.B: I can't say which is better. They each have advantages and disadvantages. Anyway, the most important of all is that you must go and see for yourself.A: Thank you very much for all the information. Y ou know, I'm beginning to think about the trip very seriously.DIALOGUE IIDialogue:Map of NewtownA stranger standing at point x stops someone and asks him the way to the station.A: Excuse me.B: Y es.A: Could you tell me how to get to the railway station, please?B: The railway station? Let me think... yes, take the third turning on the right and it's opposite the park.A: The third turning on the right. I see... is it far?B: No, not really, only a few minutes.A: Oh, good, thank you very much.B: Not at all.READING ILeaving HomeWhen I told my mother, she looked at me as if I had slapped her face."What? Live in London?" she said."I just feel it's time I saw a little more of the world. After all, mum, I'm twenty-two!"Just then, my father came downstairs, looking relaxed as he always did after his Sunday afternoon nap. I had chosen the moment carefully."Clive wants to leave home. He doesn't want to live with us any more," she told him in a trembling voice. My father's expression changed."What? Y ou aren't serious, are you, son?" he asked. He sat down at the table opposite me. Perhaps my parents wouldn't have reacted this way if they hadn't spent all their lives in a small village in Wales. And perhaps my mother in particular wouldn't have been so possessive if her only other child hadn't died as a baby. I tried to explain to them that the bank I worked for had offered me a chance to take a job in their head office. But I didn't dare tell them I had already accepted the job."London's a long way away. We'll hardly see you anymore," my father said."I can come back at weekends, dad."He shook his head, looking more and more like someone who had just been given a few months to live by his doctor."I don't know, son. I don't know."He shook his head again and then got up and walked out into the garden.My mother and I sat there at the table. In the silence, I could hear the old clock ticking away in the hall. There were tears in my mother's eyes. I know she was going to put pressure on me to give up the idea, and I wondered if I could stand up to it. I even began to wonder if it was wrong of me to want to leave my family, the village and the people I had known all my life to live among the English in their cold, strange capital.She put her hand over mine."Y our father hasn't been well lately. Neither have I. Y ou know that. But we won't stand in your way if it's what you really want," she said.Unit 3DIALOGUE IA New Life on the University CampusLu Hua goes back to her secondary school to visit Wang Laoshi, her former English teacher. Wang Laoshi asks her about her life and study in the English Department at Pujiang University.A: Hello, Lu Hua. Nice to have you back. How are things at the university?B: Everything's fine, Wang Laoshi. Life at the university is so exciting and challenging.A: Do you live on campus?B: Not the whole time... I mean not on weekends. A university rule says that no freshmen should live off campus during the weekdays, unless the university authorities give permission.A: It's a good rule for new students. But you don't have to eat in school cafeterias, do you?B: No, we don't. But we prefer to eat there because there's a wide variety of foods on the menu, which changes every day. Besides, the food service is much better than that of most secondary schools. For one thing, our campus cafeterias are under the management of a professional food service company with an annually-renewable contract.A: I suppose you buy meal plans, then.B: Most of us do. We have IC cards for meals and pay on a monthly basis.A: That's very convenient. Well, how do you like your campus environment in general?B: The university has two campuses, one for freshmen and sophomores, and the other for juniors, seniors and graduate students. My campus is located on the outskirts of the city. It's a new campus, very peaceful, and free from the hustle and bustle of a metropolis.A: And free from all sorts of distractions and diversions that most city dwellers find it hard to escape or ignore.B: Y es, it's another plus when you live away from urban attractions.A: Did you have any orientation program about campus life for entering students?B: Y es. It was a three-day orientation, including a campus tour. We tried to learn as much aspossible about the university. We visited libraries, classroom buildings, language labs, the multimedia resource centre, computer support services, the student club, and the sports stadium. A: Do you freshmen have access to all these resources and technical facilities on a regular basis? B: Absolutely. They are open to all students. As a matter of fact, we're encouraged to make the most of the libraries and technical support services on the campus.A: Being an English major, do you have to speak English with your fellow students and English teachers most of the time?B: Yeah. We're expected to speak English with all our English teachers, whatever courses they teach. We're also encouraged to speak English in the dorm area as much as possible. We're not quite used to this "English only" environment, though. Anyway, we're all trying very hard.A: Good for you. It always takes time to adjust to a new environment. I suppose there are English lectures and talks available to you.B: Yes. They are given to us English majors periodically, and they cover a variety of topics. Not only that, we are encouraged to attend the free discussion session following each lecture or presentation. Most of the lectures are given by native-speakers, and unfortunately, I have a difficult time figuring out much of what they say.A: It takes time to understand lectures by native speakers. But they are very good for students majoring in English.B: Y es, indeed. There's no reason whatsoever for me to skip any of them.A: Well, your life at the university sounds very good. It's such a delight to know that one of my students is doing fine at the university. Come and see me again when you have a chance.B: I certainly will.DIALOGUE IIDialogue:A: When did you last go to London?B: Oh, I don't know really. I suppose it was about thirty, or, maybe even forty years ago.A: As long as that? Y ou wouldn't recognize it now.B: Has it changed very much?A: Oh, yes! It's changed beyond belief. It's a lot bigger of course and it's been cleaned up quite a lot.B: What about the fog?A: Oh, London doesn't have fog any more. That's all disappeared and the air has been cleaned considerably over the last thirty years or so.B: Do you think I'd still recognize it?A: Of course you would. Parts of London haven't changed very much at all, but in other areas the change is incredible.B: Is that cinema still open, the one at the corner of the street where I used to live? Y ou remember it, the "Rex", I think.A: No, that was knocked down about ten years ago. It's been replaced by a large supermarket. The small park has been destroyed, too, and the road has been widened. I think a new block of flats will be built there in a few years' time.B: What a pity! That park used to be very beautiful, and peaceful, too, in the summer.A: Even the old grocery shop isn't there anymore. It's been turned into a small restaurant.B: Is the man still there who used to deliver coal?A: No, unfortunately, he died five years ago, but his son still runs the business. He hasn't got a horse and carriage any more. The coal is delivered by lorry. He's doing very with the business, too; next year they'll have two lorries.B: Well, that's progress! Y ou know, I don't think I'd like to go back to London somehow.A: I go to London more often now than I used to, so I don't notice the changes now.B: I think it's been changed too much. I want to remember it as it was.READING IThe PressMore newspapers per person are sold in Britain than in any other country. Some believe that this proves that the British are more civilized and more interested in current affairs than other people; cynics look for other explanations.Certainly the geography of the country helps. Because Britain is such a relatively small country, it is possible to buy national newspapers published in London anywhere in the country on the same day. In most parts of the country, papers are actually delivered to houses by the local newsagent before breakfast.Daily papers are printed every morning in London and important provincial centers. National papers, available everywhere in the country, cover a wide range of political views and journalistic styles. Quality papers include The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph and The Times, while more popular papers include The Daily Mirror, The Daily Express, The Sun and The Daily Mail. On the whole, papers in Britain are perhaps less extreme than in some countries; they are less obviously committed politically and less dramatic and sensational in content.As well as national daily papers, there are Sunday papers, again divided between the serious (e.g., The Sunday Times, The Sunday Telegraph and The Observer) and the more popular (e.g., The Sunday Mirror, The Sunday People, News of the World).Some large towns also evening papers containing local as well as national and international news, and nearly everywhere in the country is served by a local weekly paper. This is devoted exclusively to local news and events, and is a very good source of information about what is happening in a particular town or village.Of course the press means more than newspapers. A vast range of magazines are published, aimed at readers interested in all sorts of subjects. If you go into a newsagent's shop in a large town you will find weekly and monthly magazines produced for people with interests from angling to zoos. However, if you judge from this evidence, most British women are interested mainly in knitting and cooking and most British men are interested mainly in cars and football. Can this be true?Unit 4DIALOGUE IStruggling with Taking DictationA: Gosh, look at this, seventeen mistakes in my dictation exercise again! That's terrible. I'm really sick of the whole dictation business.B: Relax, relax. This is not the end of the world. It happened to me too. Just take it easy and let me know what the problem is.A: The problem is that I don't believe I'll ever be able to take dictation in English decently. It gets on my nerves each time I have to do it.B: Come on, it can't be as bad as all that. Let me know if I can help you in any way.A: I started all right each time, but ended up with missing words, even phrases.B: Did you listen carefully when the dictation passage was read to you?A: Of course. I believe I listened to Wu Laoshi's reading very carefully, and tried to take down every word she read to us. What happened was that I was able to write down only the first few words of each sentence. I just couldn't hold complete sentences in my memory while writing.B: Did you have trouble understanding what you had to write?A: Understanding? What has that got to do with taking dictation? It's dictation. All I have to do is to write down what Wu Laoshi dictates.B: I'm afraid that is exactly the problem with your dictation, never trying to make sense of what you hear. How can you hold in your memory something you don't even try to understand?A: I still don't see what you mean.B: I mean you should take advantage of the first reading and try to know the main idea of the whole passage. Then you're on your way to becoming a 'dictation master'.A: Don't tease me. All I want to be is an average dictation taker. What exactly should I do after the first reading?B: In my opinion, when you begin to write, you don't want to listen to each sentence read to you as a group of isolated words, but as a meaningful unit.A: I focused my attention on individual words so that I wouldn't miss a single one. Every word counts when the dictation work is graded, you know.B: I'm afraid that was another reason why you failed to do dictation well. I know every word counts. But each phrase, and each sentence, counts more. If you focus only on isolated words without making sense of the whole sentence or of the whole passage, you will miss more than a few words. On the contrary, if you understand a group of words as a meaningful sentence, the words will come to you more easily.A: I see. Y our advice is very helpful. I think I'm beginning to understand. Thank you for your advice.B: Y ou've welcome.DIALOGUE IIDialogue:Elizabeth meets her interpreter in the hotel lobby for breakfast. They have been in Beijing fortwo days and are returning to Shanghai in two hours.Int: Hello, Elizabeth. How are you?Eliz: Fine, thanks.Int: Are you sure you're all right? Y ou look a bit worried today. Is there anything wrong?Eliz: Well, yes, there is something wrong actually. Perhaps you can give me some advice.Int: Of course, if I can.Eliz: Well, last night when I returned from the theatre, I found that I'd lost my wallet.Int: Oh, dear! That's terrible! What was in your wallet?Eliz: Well, some money, of course, my visa, all my identity cards and some photos.Int: Well, if I were you, I'd go to the police station straight away and report it.Eliz: Y es, I've already done that, and they said they'd make a search for it. But we're leaving soon and I need my visa and identity cards badly.Int: Oh, dear! What a pity! Are you sure you lost the wallet in the theatre?Eliz: Y es, quite sure.Int: I think you should put an advertisement in the China Daily, saying when and where you lost it.Eliz: But that takes too long.Int: Wait a minute! I know! How stupid of me. My uncle lives in Beijing and he lives very close to the theatre. I'll telephone him and ask him to go there. Y ou'd better go and have breakfast and I'll meet you later.Eliz: Oh, thank you. That's marvelous. I hope he find it.READIGN IA Source of EnergyEveryone needs and uses energy. If there were no energy, there would be no life.Most of the energy on this planet comes from the sun, but people do not receive that energy directly. It comes from different sources and in different forms.Green plants convert the sun's energy to food energy that animals and people use for life. The energy from animals had been used for hundreds of years to operate farm equipment and to pull carts, wagons, and other vehicles.The sun's energy takes water from rivers, lakes, and oceans and returns it to the earth in the form of rain or snow. When rain or snow falls on the land, some of it flows into rivers and streams. This flowing water can be used to produce mechanical energy and electricity. Water can also be converted to steam, which produces energy to operate machines.Winds also come from solar energy. Air that has been heated by the sun rises and creates winds. The power of winds has moved ships on the sea, ground grain, and brought water from the earth. There is also solar energy in oil, wood, and coal. There fuels have been formed over many centuries from plants. People burn them to produce heat and to create power for machines. Coal and oil are used to produce electrical energy, too. And electricity produces light, heat, and sound energy. In addition, electric power operates many kinds of equipment, tools, and machines, which make work easier.The need for power increases every day, and some sources of energy are being used up very quickly. So scientists and technicians are trying to find new ways to produce power. Nuclear energy, cow manure and garbage have become energy sources. But probably the most promising source of energy is solar heat. Some scientists suggest using these different sources of energy together. If this were done, it would be a way to create all of the power people need.* * *If All the Seas Were One SeaIf all the seas were one sea,What a great sea that would be!If all the trees were one tree,What a great tree that would be!If all the axes were one axe,What a great axe that would be?If all the men were one man,What a great man that would be!And if the great man took the great axeAnd cut down the great treeAnd let it fall into the great sea,What a great splash that would be!Unit 5DIALOGUE ILearning Chinese as a Foreign LanguageA: Hi, Xiaohua!B: Hi, David, how's everything?A: Good. So far so good, I mean.B: Y ou've been in China for two months. How do you like your CFL program in the Chinese Department?A: My interest in Chinese grows with each passing day. So does my difficulty in learning Chinese. It's such a difficult language! It's go different from European languages, such as English and French.B: As a learner of English as a foreign language, I'm going through a similar ordeal. I have difficulty with spelling, pronunciation and, believe it or not, with numbers and figures.A: But you speak English so much better than I do Chinese. I wish I were able to talk to native speakers in Chinese the way you are talking to me.B: Y ou will. Only it takes time.A: I know. "Rome was not built in a day."B: And “只要工夫深，铁杵磨成针”, as the Chinese saying goes.A: Which means...?B: Which means "Dripping water wears away stone", or "Where there's a will, there's a way." By the way, what do you find most difficult with your Chinese learning?A: The grammatical structure of Chinese doesn't seem to be as complex as I used to think. In many ways it is simpler than most European languages. No verb agreement, no irregular verbs and nouns, very few and simple tense markers, to name just a few.B: On the other hand, these are exactly the causes of some of the major problems I have with my English learning.A: But the Chinese writing system is altogether new to me. Instead of neat rows of 26 simple alphabetic letters, there are tens of thousands of unique characters formed with a varied number of strokes. Many of these characters seem complex. Although the calligraphy of Chinese characters is artistically beautiful, I won't be able to appreciate it until I can recognize and write at least 8,888 Chinese characters. I'm just kidding.B: How does Chinese sound to you?A: I find Putonghua rather melodious, a little like singing.B: Basically, Chinese is a tonal language. I'm not sure if you have trouble with making distinctions of the four tones.A: Y es, I do. The tonal system of Chinese really bothers me. It's a major source of difficulty with my comprehension and pronunciation. It's so upsetting that most of the time I don't understand what I hear and am not understood by others.B: I suggest you take advantage of living in China and go to lectures, movies, and plays "8,888 times", and dip yourself in the language environment as much as possible. Before I forget, I have two tickets for a newly-released feature film. Would you like to go with me and improve your listening for the tones?A: Certainly! Thank you so much.B: My pleasure.DIALOGUE IIDialogue:Two English teachers from a foreign language university in China are talking about a book called Beijing opera and Mei Lanfang. One of the teachers saw a Beijing opera a week ago and bought the book afterwards; the other teacher didn't see the opera, but is interested in buying the book. A: Where did you buy it?B: In the bookshop. It wasn't very expensive.A: What does the book say about Beijing opera? I don't know anything about it.B: Well, neither did I before I read the book. It says that the Beijing opera is a very old art form, over hundreds of years old.A: Do you think I should buy it?B: Y es, if you are interested. It tells you all about the history, the famous actors, the costumes and what all the different movements mean.A: What's the difference between Beijing opera and Western theatre?。
