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浅谈如何在汉语环境中学好英语摘要：在汉语环境下学习英语，母语的影响是贯穿始终的。
本文通过分析汉语环境下英语学习的特点，研究如何在汉语环境下学好英语。
关键词：汉语环境；母语；学习特点在我国，大多数英语学习者从小学开始就正式学习英语，随后步入初中、高中、大学甚至研究生阶段，各级学校均为学生们开设了一定学时的英语课程。
然而外语教学水平、教学方法还是存在“费时较多，收效较低”的问题。
很多学生经过九年甚至十二年的外语学习，大多数人听不懂、讲不出，难以与外国人直接交流，也不能较熟练地阅读外文原版书籍，这说明我国的外语教学效果不理想，还不能适应国家经济和社会发展的需要。
本文将针对这一问题做进一步探讨。
一、汉语环境下英语学习的特点1.使用的局限性——教室英语英语本来是一种交流的工具，而我国学生的英语应用绝大部分是在英语课上完成的。
在英语课上使用英语和在实际生活中使用英语是完全不同的。
在这个阶段中，即便学生能够流畅地使用英语，但表达的范围却十分有限，用英语仅能表达会说的，而用汉语却能表达想说的。
“仅能表达会说”这说明英语表达的“局限性”，而用本族语表达则有“无限性”这个特点。
首先是心理因素不同，在英语课上，学生会完成教师交给的任务，从而被动地使用语言。
其次是课堂上使用的英语，目标明确，学生知道教师会问哪些问题，教师也会按照一定的教学内容使用语言，即便是所谓的free talk，知道彼此要干什么、说什么。
在一定程度上来说，是所谓的表演。
在真正的语言环境中，以上所说的条件都不具备，这就造成了有些学生能在英语课上熟练地使用英语，在日常生活中却不能和外国人进行最基本的交流。
原因就在于学生学习掌握的是“教室英语”。
2.思维模式停留在从汉语翻译到英语的过程在学习的过程中，我们提倡使用英语，尽量创设英语环境，比如：小学、初中和高中阶段。
大学英语课程的课堂教学更应该用英语来进行，在公开课上更是如此。
但是只要一下英语课，一走出教室，学生之间交流用的就是汉语，甚至教师和学生的交流都是汉语，学生回到家里更是用汉语，甚至到了大学，情况也和中学差不多。
中国文化影响英语教学之我见摘要：在汉语环境中进行英语教学时，中国文化必然对英语教学产生影响。
学语言就是为了交流，我们在学习英语以及它带来的西方文化的同时，应该也能用英语把中国文化介绍给西方。
汉语环境和中国文化不是英语教学的累赘，反而是我们的独特财富，在英语教学中体现中国文化对英语教学有积极影响。
关键词：语言；中国文化；英语教学中图分类号：g40-01 文献标志码：a 文章编号：1002-2589（2012）18-0187-02英语是一种受多国文化影响的语言。
英语词汇受到了众多外国文化的影响。
中国作为世界上一个大国，她的文化也对英语产生了一定的影响。
受中国文化影响的词汇一部分已经直接收入英语词典，另一部分没有被列入的也已经被较为广泛地接受。
但是，我们的很多学生，能说一口流利的英文，甚至可以和英国人大谈莎士比亚、复活节，当他们被外国友人问到屈原、李白的时候，就突然哑口无言了。
说明我们在学习英语和英语文化的同时，并没有真正理解语言带给我们的实际意义，即：语言是用来交际的，而交际是互动的。
一、语言是用来交际的，交际是互动的语言既是文化的载体，又是反映文化的窗口。
英语所承载的本是英语国家的文化。
然而，我国历史悠久，文化精粹积累丰厚，在全人类中占有突出地位。
早在古代希腊罗马时期的西方著作中，就有关于中国的记载，中国古文化已开始受到西方人的注意。
13世纪《马可·波罗游记》生动地传播了中国文化讯息。
到了16世纪，当东来传教士打开西方中国研究的新局面，引起了18世纪“中国热”，中国对西方的研究却还停留在少数有识之士。
当我们认识到我们在研究西方成果时，由于不同的文化背景、语言环境、社会历史而产生理解偏差时，也意识到对西方学者应该做到宽容和理解。
外国的学者，可以吸取中华文化精华来完善自己的文明。
我们要充分意识到交际的互动性，当我们在努力学习英语以及它所承载的英语国家文化的同时，也应该而且有义务把我们的文化带给愿意了解中国、热爱中国文化的外国朋友。
汉语语境对英语习得的影响作者：纪丹来源：《教书育人·高教论坛》2010年第03期一、引言第二语言习得(以下简称二语习得),通常指母语习得之后的任何其他语言学习。
二语习得的两个主要研究目标是描写第二语言学习者的整体语言能力和各项具体语言技能的习得和发展过程,并解释学习者为什么能够习得第二语言以及外在因素和内在因素对二语习得的影响。
英语作为一种国际性语言,已成为人们工作和生活不可缺少的工具;同时,英语也是中国学生普遍学习的外语之一。
本文根据二语习得的相关理论以及对于大学英语教学的观察,具体分析汉语语境这个外在因素对于英语习得产生的影响。
二、语境在二语习得中的作用通常来讲,语境包括以下三种要素:参与者的有关特征(人物和人品,参与者的语言和非语言活动),相关的事物以及言语活动的效应。
韩礼德把语境分为两个类别:文化语境和情景语境。
前者指的是整个语言系统的语境,决定整个语言系统中的意义系统;后者指的是语言运用的具体语境,是文化语境的具体的体现。
而本文中所提到的语境主要是指二语习得者所处环境中的语言环境和文化环境,即分析二语习得者的母语及母语文化对于其学习第二语言的影响。
Ellis认为,二语习得者的母语虽然不一定是第二语言习得中最重要的和唯一的因素但一定是其中一个重要的因素。
母语是一个“知识源”,二语习得者经常会通过母语来进行二语的输入和输出。
熊倪德提到过“我喜欢把英语学习比作一场围攻战,被围攻的是你脑子里的母语,攻打这个堡垒的是英语大军。
你指挥军队攻破一道一道的防线,直到你拿下你头脑中的各个顽强堡垒——母语。
”这充分说明了母语在二语习得中的重要作用。
在二语习得的相关理论中,母语迁移是研究母语对二语习得影响的一个主要理论。
迁移原是心理学术语,指的是一种学习中习得的经验对其他学习的影响,即一种学习对另一种学习的影响,有正迁移和负迁移之分。
正迁移有助于另一种学习的理解和掌握,而负迁移则导致错误和困难的发生。
二语习得中汉语对英语学习的正负迁移_正迁移【摘要】中汉语对英语学习的正迁移可以有效提高英语学习者的语言能力。
这篇文章将关注到中汉语对英语语言学习的四个主要的正迁移方面：语音、语法、词汇和语用。
利用实例来分析如何将中汉语翻译应用到英语学习中去，以及如何使用中汉语的语言特征来帮助英语学习者取得更高的成果。
【关键词】正迁移，中汉语，英语学习，语音，语法，词汇，语用【正文】在当今社会，英语学习者正越来越多地使用中汉语作为一种辅助语言来学习英语。
可以说，中汉语对英语学习的正迁移是一种有效的英语学习策略。
正迁移是一种心理学现象，即在原生语言（L1）的某些特性上受益或受损，以改进用外语（L2）进行语言交流的能力。
通过检查现有的研究，我们确定在中汉语-英语正迁移的四个主要方面：语音，语法，词汇和语用。
首先，可以从中汉语翻译中提取一些有利的信息，以帮助英语学习者更好地掌握英语发音。
其次，学习者可以利用中汉语特有的语法结构，避免一些常见的错误，如动词时态错误和句法错误。
此外，中汉语中使用的某些常用词汇和语用也可以帮助英语学习者学习更多灵活的表达方式。
综上所述，中汉语对英语学习的正迁移可以有效提高英语学习者的语言能力。
在学习英语的过程中，他们可以从中汉语的翻译中提取出有用的信息，并将中汉语的语言特征应用到英语学习中来，从而更容易地实现英语学习的成功。
要想有效地将中汉语对英语学习的正迁移应用到实践中，英语学习者首先要有一定的中汉语基础。
例如，对于想要通过翻译应用中汉语到英语学习中去的学习者，他们需要有很好的中汉语语言翻译技能，以保证外语学习效果。
其次，学习者可以尽可能多地利用中汉语的语言特点来帮助他们学习英语。
例如，学习者可以利用中文字及其相关语法结构来理解英语单词和句子的构成组成，以提高他们的发音和表达能力。
此外，学习者也可以根据中文的特点，如“一词多义”，利用双语辞典获取英语单词的更多含义，从而增强学习者对单词的理解。
关于汉语言对英语学习的影响摘要：本文从汉语的分布、源自汉语的词汇、英语全球化、中国人学习英语的现状等方面做了具体分析，并就如何降低汉语言对学习英语的影响，详细阐述中国人对于英语学习需要注意的地方，以及如何才能更好地学好英语。
关键词：汉语；英语学习；影响随着中国改革开放的深入，中国经济的发展，综合国力的强盛，中国在世界上的地位也越来越重要。
随着经济发展和科技进步，中国想在世界的舞台展现得更加完美，如何与外部世界进行良好有效的沟通是最为重要的，在这样的背景下，我国对于熟练掌握英语的人才需求量将会越来越大。
有人断言：在21世纪生存必备的三大基本技能是：外语、电脑与驾驶技术。
英语已成为全世界使用最广泛的语言。
英语已经、正在并必然继续影响和改变着整个世界。
而作为一名中国人，要使自身发展更具优势，学好英语是必不可少的一环。
但是，本土语言的根深蒂固使我们在学习的途中遭遇了不少的困难。
因此可以说，要想学好英语，应先了解汉语言的影响力有多少，对英语学习产生的影响有多少。
一、了解汉语的分布，深刻认识汉语对世界文化的影响汉语是一个语族，主要分布的国家和地区是：大中华区(中国大陆、香港特区、澳门特区、台湾地区)、新加坡共和国(新加坡为汉语国家，有“另一个中国人建的国家”之称。
百分之九十使用汉语)、蒙古、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、越南、缅甸、老挝、朝鲜、韩国、日本、美国西部州和夏威夷州等国家和地区。
据联合国教科文组织统计，会说汉语的人大约有16亿，居世界人口数量使用语言第一(占世界人口使用语言五分之一)、使用广泛度居世界第二(英语广泛度第一，有5000多万外国人把汉语作为第二语言)。
汉语是联合国承认的官方六大工作语言之一。
由于中国在世界上的地位越来越重要，使得汉语对外扩展得更加迅速。
随着孔子学院的不断建立，越来越多的外国人学习中国文化，这就促使我们对汉语的普及推广也愈加重视。
二、认识源自汉语的英语词汇，透析汉语对英语的影响脱胎于汉语的“鸡蛋词”，默默地影响着全世界。
2012年河北省省级高中英语骨干教师培训论文汉语普通话对英语语音习得的影响李金室河北枣强中学摘要：第一语言对第二语言的正负迁移影响是一个复杂的现象。
本文运用迁移理论分析了汉语普通话语音对英语语音学习影响的一些现象，并提出了促进正迁移、减少负迁移的一些教学对策。
关键词：汉语语音，英语语音，迁移，教学对策一、什么是迁移?迁移这一概念来自于行为主义心理学（behaviourism）。
他指的是人们已经掌握的知识再学习新知识时发挥作用的心理过程，按其影响的性质，可分为正迁移和负迁移。
正迁移是指一种经验的获得对另一种经验的获得起促进作用；负迁移是指一种经验的获得对另一种经验的学习起干扰或阻碍作用。
行为主义心理学认为语言的学习也是习惯的形成，因而人们按照第一语言的学习习惯来学习第二语言，而这些习惯影响第二语言学习习惯的形成，即语言学习习惯产生迁移。
受行为主义的影响，欧洲和北美的一些语言学家提出并发展了对比分析假说。
对比分析假说认为，第一语言和第二语言的相似处会引起正迁移，即第一语言对目的语有促进作用；而两种语言的相异处会引起负迁移，即第一语言会成为错误来源之一（Rod. E.）。
中国人学英语也一样，汉语同样也对英语的学习产生迁移作用，一些中国的语言学家把这称之为“母语迁移”。
二、母语语音迁移的分析根据对一些语言学家的理论和笔者平时的教学实践的研究发现，汉语对英语学习的影响主要反映在三个方面：语音、语法、词汇。
本文将对汉语普通话语音方面的迁移作用做一简单分析。
（一）语音音素的正迁移目前，无论汉语还是英语都使用国际音标。
汉语拼音的组合成分是声母、韵母和声调;而声母相当于英语中处在音节开头的辅音，韵母则相当于元音。
汉语拼音中有些声母和英语辅音音标不但形相同而且音相似，因而学生在学习这些音素时如果能注意到与汉语声母的不同之处，便会轻而易举地将其学会，例如，学习者受声母b, p, d, t, g, k, h, w, s, z, f的发音方法的影响会很容易地学会［b］,［p］,［d］,［♦］,［♑］,［k］,［h］,［w］,［s］,［z］,［f］的发音。
1512018年32期总第420期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS浅析汉语与英语文化之间的差异及其对英语学习的影响文/宋懿霏引言语言的发展需要环境背景做基础，在英语的学习过程中，由于文化差异明显，很容易将汉语思维运用到英语中，得不到良好的学习效果。
因此，想要提高英语学习能力首先要了解汉语和英语之间的文化差异，并熟练运用到学习中，从而掌握英语的学习方法。
一、环境的差异及其对英语学习的影响由于中英两国的所处地理位置有很大不同，自然环境也有很大的差别。
中国的东部是大海，西方是山脉，通常用来形容春风，提到东风印象中就是万物复苏、春意盎然。
然而西风的形象往往是寒风刺骨，秋风萧瑟。
但对于英国而言，由于其独特的岛国地理环境，和中国恰好相反，东风凛冽，西风温暖，因此在表达上有明显的差异。
此外，中国人对于夏天的理解往往都和炎热相关，烈日炎炎常用于形容酷暑，然而英国著名作家曾写道Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.他说夏天可爱又温和，这是由于中英两国的地理环境不同，英国的夏季很温暖，阳光明媚，而中国四季分明。
英国人茶余饭后最喜欢谈论的就是天气，It’s such a lovely day,isn’t it?这种聊天气的话题很常见，这是由于英国的天气变化多端，有时候早上还是艳阳高照，晚上忽然大雨倾盆。
所以，人们往往用谈论天气的方式来作为话题的开端。
而在中国，见面打招呼时常问“吃饭了吗”，古人曾说过“民以食为天”，中国传统文化的流传形成了今天的交流风格，以“吃了吗”开始接下来的话题既不会尴尬，也不会突兀。
在英语的学习中也要了解西方的语言环境，这样才能使交流更为流畅。
二、劳动的差异及其对英语学习的影响汉语和英语中都有很多关于劳动的词汇，因为劳动是从古至今促进社会发展的重要内容。
但是汉语和英语中描写劳动的词语也有很大的不同。
试析汉语言文化对英语学习的负面影响及其对策文学论文论文发表省级期刊国家级期刊核心期刊摘要：众所周知，我国的外语教学长期处于“费时低效”状态。
究其原因, 主要原因之一是学生受汉语和汉文化的影响导致此状态的发生。
为了摆脱它们给英语教学带来的负面影响，我们必须在英语教学中有意识的采用相应的教学策略以消除这些影响，引导学生识别汉英语言和文化的差异, 提高大学英语教学的效率。
关键词：汉语言文化；英语教学；负面影响长期以来, 我国的外语教学, 包括中学和大学的外语教学, 总是处于混混沌沌的状态，究其原因, 当然是多方面的。
一、汉语言文化对英语教学的影响在英语教学中的我们发现: 我们的学生受中国文化(包括语言) 的影响极深,学来学去, 总是跳不出中国人的思维模式。
概括起来, 我认为有以下两方面的影响：（一）汉语言对学生英语学习的影响心理语言学告诉我们: 在外语学习中, 母语的干扰是不可避免的, 而且是相当深远的。
中国人开始学习外语的年龄, 即使到了二十一世纪的今天, 大多数也是在初中阶段, 即12 - 13 岁以后。
根据母语习得与第二语言学习的理论, 我们还知道: 一切正常人到5 - 6 岁时, 其母语能力已基本上达到本族语的水平, 即获得母语的能力。
由此可知, 一个5 -6 岁的学龄前儿童对母语的理解和使用能力就已经相当成熟,随着年龄的增长, 生活在本族语环境中的青少年在本族文化(当然也包括语言) 的熏陶之下, 其思维方式和行为习惯等就会具有本族文化的特征。
所以,教育心理学告诫我们: 如何利用本族语的正迁移并克服其干扰, 是外语教学心理学中的一个核心问题。
语言心理学也提醒我们: 成人学习外语最喜欢拿已知的语言事实去类推(中学生也很喜欢这样) ,因此, 必须注意防止干扰。
显然, 这里说的“类推”就是受头脑中固有的本族语的影响。
比如把“看书、看报”(read) 和“看见某人” (see) 等同起来或混淆起来, 等等, 都是受本族语影响的典型。
浅谈语言学习环境对初中英语学习的影响摘要：良好的英语学习环境的创设可以改善学习英语的枯燥无味的局势，学生也会学得更扎实，更深入，在轻松的环境中学习。
教师可以通过创设真实的语言学习环境提高教学质量，从而达到预期的学习效果。
为了给实践提供参考依据，本文浅谈语言学习环境对初中英语学习的影响，并就此总结一些启示。
关键词：语言学习环境初中英语学习影响语言环境在学习语言的时候是非常重要的，特别是学习一门语言学科。
在学习者接触学习环境中了解自己的语言学习环境，提高学习者对良好语言学习环境的热爱，也增长了学习者为促进自我的学习，进行语言学习环境的选择与设计。
对于教育工作者来说，教师在为学生创造语言学习环境，提高学习者对良好语言学习环境的热爱，也为自己所需提供了有利的教学条件。
本文结合实际，就语言学习环境对初中英语学习的影响展开论述。
一、语言学习环境对初中英语学习者的影响1.语言学习环境对初中生学习英语自主性的影响长期以来，在我国英语教学中主要是以传统的教师为主的知识传授型的教学活动，学生处于被动地接受知识的地位，学生缺乏在已有的知识水平和技能基础上，不断独立获取新知识并运用这些知识的能力。
于是，在英语教学中，常会遇到这种情况：学生读了几年英语之后，还要教师领读单词，还要由教师逐句把课文译为汉语；不少学生只会认读课文，而对课文难易程度相当的课外阅读材料，则不能透彻领会或阅读速度极慢；很多学生会背不少的句型，语法规则，但在说和写英语时则错误百出。
有的学生考试成绩很好，但却说不上几句英语，究其原因，主要是教师在日常教学活动中没有注意帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯，尤其是独立学习和解决问题的习惯，没有一个良好的语言学习环境。
由此可见，语言学习环境会对初中生学习英语自主性造成影响，应加以重视。
2.语言学习环境对初中英语学生学习效果的影响语言学习离不开环境，语言环境的缺乏，严重影响语言输入量的摄取，并制约着英语学习活动和效果。
语言环境对英语学习的重要性有哪些所谓英语学习环境是指学生眼睛看到的、耳朵听到的和嘴里说的尽可能是英语。
眼睛看到的主要指的是硬环境。
要让学生在学习场所、生活场所、玩乐场所都町以看到和学习英语。
如校园内的警示牌、标语牌、宣传牌，用英汉双语；玩乐场地的器材名称用双语；教室里的课表、班规和其他布置用双语，名人名言等用双语；等等。
要想掌握一门语言是很困难。
如果没有语言环境，天天背单词、记是不能学好英语。
这是大家都公认的。
影响人的发展的因素很多，而环境就是其中之一。
学习语言，包括母语和外语，环境是非常重要的。
营造一个良好的英语环境，就像给跑步的人修建一个跑道，给游泳的人修建游泳池一样，是非常必要的。
有条件的最好是能送少儿出国，到英语国家生活和居住。
这个环境无疑是最佳的最好的。
因为，一旦进入到这个环境，每天接触的都是英语信息，无论是语音还是文字。
把孩子送到英语国家的幼儿园里，不出几个月，他肯定能和其他小朋友交流的很好，说一口流利的英语，这就是环境的影响。
但，这个方案只有很少的家庭才能做到。
如果没有能力把少儿送到国外生活，聘请也是不错的选择。
外教可以营造一个非常逼真的语言环境，培养英语思维，能够迅速提高少儿的口语能力。
大多数中国人的发音和外教区别很大，一个词组就可能听出区别，很多发音只有外教才能正确的纠正过来。
外教可以逼迫自己开口说英语,如果是中教的话,往往还有一丝幻想用汉语沟通。
耳濡目染，这是非常重要的，每天和外教一起交流学习几个小时，对少儿英语学习，尤其是口语是非常有帮助的。
如果聘请外教不容易的话，假如家长有一定的英语基础，可以尝试着运用亲子，和孩子一起。
主动营造学习使用英语的环境。
比如，尝试着和孩子一起听英文歌谣，看原版动画片，教孩子日常见到的物品用英语怎么说，日常生活中用简单的英语交流等。
一方面创造了熟悉英语使用英语的环境，也增加了和孩子的互动，加深了亲情，融洽了关系。
儿童掌握本国语言不是通过正规学习而得到的，而是在生活中掌握的。
浅析如何在汉语语言环境下学好英语由于社会环境缺失、学习方式制约、心理因素影响、文化差异等因素，在汉语语言环境下对英语学习带来一定的负面影响。
克服这些负面影响的对策：一是营造英语学习氛围，二是激发学生的学习兴趣，三是明确英汉语言及文化差异。
标签：汉语语言环境；英语学习；负面影响；克服对策英语是当今国际社会一种主要的通用语言，而中国要发展，就必须要与西方先进国家进行交流。
这种大环境下国内开设了英语课程，然而英语学习已经开展了几十年，但是学生的整体英语水平并没有明显提高，很难与英语本族人自由交谈，其中一个重要因素就是受汉语语言环境的负面影响。
一、对汉语语言环境下英语学习的界定学习语言是离不开语言环境的，那什么是语言环境呢？它既可以指以某种语言为母语本身客观存在的环境，也可以指专门为学习某种语言而提供或创造出特定的有利于语言学习的相对环境。
可想而知，中国学生所处的是汉语语言环境，学习汉语自然水到渠成，可是在这种语言环境下学习英语，必然对英语学习不利。
所以多年来，尽管国内英语学习的新方法与新理念层出不穷，教学改革也在不断推进，但是效果并不十分理想，汉语语言环境的影响是不可忽视的。
二、汉语语言环境下英语学习存在的问题1、社会语言环境缺失语言环境是确保学好一门语言的重要条件。
英语在菲律宾等国是二语，具有与母语同等重要的地位，在他们的学习、生活、工作中大都要使用，有学习英语的社会大环境。
而在中国对英语的定位一直是外语，即非本国人使用的语言，中国学生日常生活中听的、看的、说的、写的基本上都是汉语，缺乏比较真实的英语语言环境，自然无法在社会的大环境下学习英语。
可是学生学习英语的目的不就是为了能用嘛。
然而学到的英语除了能在课堂、比赛、考试等场合使用外，很少有机会在日常生活中使用，没有使用英语的语言环境，熟练地使用英语自然就无从谈起。
2、学习方式制约由于汉语语言环境的包围，中国学生学习英语的主要途径是课堂。
传统上课方式是老师满堂“硬灌”学生被动“接受”，所有的教学活动是根据教材听说读写的内容展开的。
汉语对英语学习的影响随着全球化的发展，英语已经成为世界上最重要的语言之一。
而对于非英语国家的学习者来说，他们的母语对于学习英语也有着重要的影响。
在中国，汉语是学生们的母语，因此汉语对英语学习有着深远的影响。
本文将探讨汉语对英语学习的影响，并从词汇、语法、语音和文化等方面进行分析。
汉语对英语学习的影响体现在词汇方面。
由于汉语和英语属于不同语系的语言，因此两者之间的词汇没有直接的关联性。
在词汇学习的过程中，汉语学习者常常会受到母语的影响，导致他们在英语学习中产生一些误解和错误。
汉语中的一些词汇在英语中并没有直接对应的词，因此学生往往会直译出现问题。
由于中英文化的差异，一些文化内涵丰富的词汇也会难以准确理解和运用。
在英语学习中，学生需要通过大量的阅读和学习，逐渐培养对英语词汇的敏感度和准确理解。
汉语对英语学习的影响还体现在语法方面。
汉语和英语的语法结构有很大的不同，这对汉语学习者在学习英语的过程中造成了一定的困惑。
汉语的语序是主语+谓语+宾语的形式，而英语的语序是主谓宾的形式，这就需要学生在学习英语时适应不同的语言结构。
英语中的时态、语态、情态动词等语法现象在汉语中并没有直接对应，因此也需要学生进行比较和反复训练，才能掌握和运用得当。
这就要求学生在学习英语时要注重对语法知识的细致学习和深入理解，尤其要注重语境和实际运用。
汉语对英语学习的影响还表现在语音和发音方面。
作为汉语母语者，学生在学习英语发音时常常受到母语的影响，导致发音不准确或者有口音。
英语中的元音、辅音和连读等现象在汉语中并没有直接对应，因此学生需要进行大量的反复训练和模仿，才能逐渐掌握英语的发音规律和技巧。
由于发音是语言表达的基础，因此汉语学生在学习英语时，要注重对音标和发音的细致学习和实际训练，才能达到纯正的英语发音水平。
汉语对英语学习的影响还体现在文化方面。
汉语和英语所处的文化环境和社会背景有很大的不同，这就需要学生在学习英语的过程中，逐渐了解和理解英语国家的文化和风俗习惯。
论汉语语言环境对英语学习的影响我们长期处于汉语语言环境之中，在这个环境中学习英語不可避免的会存在各种问题与困难，通过研究查阅资料发现，汉语语言环境从多个方面影响着学习者对英语的研究学习，如何在汉语语言的大环境下高效的学习英语，诸多英语学习者应该认真思考，最需要注意的就是学习英语时如何科学合理突破现有的汉语语言环境。
标签：汉语语言环境；母语迁移；语言环境；文化差异1、引言英语作为国际上通用的语言，如今环境之下要更好的融入世界，我们需要加强对英语的学习。
在中国，长期生活在汉语语言环境中，在学习一门新的语言时，不可避免的会受到汉语语言习惯的种种影响，虽然学生长时间接受英语教育，却只有一小部分能够流畅的与外国人用英语交流。
这其中不可忽视的就是汉语语言环境的影响，不可否认的是汉语言环境对英语学习有帮助，但是阻碍作用却更明显，长期处于汉语语言环境之下，难免的受到母语迁移的影响。
所以整体来看，英语平均水平低的根本原因就是大的汉语语言环境之下，英语学习存在很多困难，因此，若要更好的学习英语，提高英语的实际运用，那么就要想办法避免汉语语言环境的消极影响，建立适合高效英语学习的良好环境。
2、汉语语言环境下的母语迁移大多数人在学习外语的时候都会存在“母语迁移”的现象，那什么是“母语迁移”呢？母语迁移是指我们在学习第二种语言时，经常以自己母语的形式，母语中的习惯，母语中的文化，在潜移默化之中迁移到自己所学习的外语之中。
在迁移过程中，自然存在好与不好的多种影响，我们称之为正迁移与负迁移。
当母语中的一些习惯模式规则对自己所学外语有促进作用时，则称之为正迁移。
反之，当产生阻碍作用时，则称之为负迁移。
在学习外语时，存在母语迁移属于很正常也很普遍的现象，人们总会在不经意之中将母语迁移到其他所学语言之中。
如果能妥善正确的利用汉语的正迁移的积极影响，那么在外语学习时就能起到事半功倍的效果。
语言为沟通的桥梁，在英语学习时，要积极寻找其作为沟通桥梁与汉语之间的相似之处，举个例子：很多音译的单词比如沙发（sofa）、坦克（tank）等，还有一些合成词例如书店（bookshop）、笔友（penfriend）等等，这些在外语学习时均可以作为正迁移的思路。
汉语语言环境对英语学习的影响AbstractA good mastery of English has become a must for all the students in China because of frequent communication between countries It is easy for the students to get access to English And our country lays stress on fostering English talents But the present situation of English learning is that many people have labored on it but only to find it is a waste of time and energy This thesis analyzes the factors affecting the English learning which are social context the distinction between these two languages and the students goals and motivations With Bernard Spolskys theory the author explains the most important conditions for second language learning social context cultural background exposure condition and native pronunciation condition He insists that learners should pay special attention to language transfer and intercultural communication Besides a good attitude is crucial Available resources are also of great help to create good conditions for English learning in Chinese context Key WordsChinese context conditions second language learning language transfer摘要由于国际间的交流日益频繁中国学生必须很好地掌握英语这门语言目前学生们接触英语的机会很多而且我们国家也花了大量的人力物力着重培养英语人才然而学生们英语学习的进展却不尽人意许多人花了大力气学英语最后却发现它既费时又费力本文主要分析了影响英语学习的重要因素社会环境两种语言间的差异学生学习英语的目的与动机根据斯波尔斯基的《第二语言学习条件》理论可知中国学生在学习英语过程中受汉语环境的影响颇深缺乏英语语言环境要克服这种影响学习者首先要注意语言的迁移作用和跨文化的交流其次要端正学习的态度树立可达到的目标最后尽可能利用现有的的资源创造适合学习英语的条件关键词IntroductionEnglish plays a very important role in every area of the society Whether you are a teacher or a student a farmer or a worker a leader or a member you have relations with English In the long history English has developed its individual uniqueness and it is easy to be adopted in most nations Naturally English has become the global language gradually and has its irreplaceable function and position In another word owing to its broad influence the earth is becoming smaller and smaller English as an important tool has a special function in the communications of all nations It is estimated about 700 million to 800 million people can speak English Apart from 400 million native speakers the others are using English in different ways to different extent At present up to 300 million people are learning English in China and there are still more and more people joining the group of English learning And the number of English learners is increasing rapidlyHowever among the English learners not many have learned English well enough to communicate with English speakers Both educators and linguistics are showing theirconcern about second language Some are research into the English teaching methodology the Grammar- translation Method the Direct Method the Oral Approach the Audio-lingual Method the Cognitive Approach the Natural Approach the Communicative Approach etc some are analyzing relationship between psychology and second language acquisition Sandra Lee Mckay Nancy H Hornberger etc still some others are studying the way to learn English or a second language Bernard Spolsky Claire Kranmsh Elli Hinkel Rod Ellis etc At home Yu Liming is studying language transfer and Sun Mianzhi is exploring Chinese context and English learning Indeed teaching methodology psychology and contexts affect the learning processⅠActuality of English Learning in ChinaWith the opening and reforming English has been an important course in schools More and more people realize the importance of English and became English learners to meet the challenges In China English is taught in most primary schools in the cities from Grade Three and in all the middle schools in the whole country In a long term English will be a major course from primary school to university learning Even though one has graduated from university he has to get in touch with English frequently In China CET-4 and CET-6 are set in most colleges and basically every one has to pass the CET-4 and every one is trying his best to pass themTo some learners English is a new thing and due to curiosity they may have enough warmness and confidence at the beginning of English learning Later when they meetvarious difficulties and blocks they lost their confidence gradually even at last most of them have to give it up To some students and some adults the purpose to learn English is only to meet the demands of exams According to some surveys we are seriously affected by the native language –Chinese A lot of people can not break away from the control of the native language because the two languages are quite different in some aspectsII Factors Affecting English LearningThe Chinese context has a great influence on English learning in China Both English learners and English teachers always face this problem that how learners can master English language Research shows that native language and native language context are the major blocks in the way to learning English It is generally a bemusement English learners in China have learned it for a long time but English learners in China still can not see the progress English speakers and Chinese speakers have different thoughts English learners in China are always under the influence of Chinese context so it is so difficult to have significant progress In the last 20 years the environment of English learning has changed a lot in China We can see the rapid development in English learning Otherwise no matter how great the changes are we are still in the Chinese context which is not changeable So the fact that we should not disengage the Chinese thought has an opposite effect on English learning everywhere and any time In fact how Chinese context affect the English learningA The Restriction of Social ContextChinese and English are two very different languages and belong to differentlinguistic systems To Chinese people English is a second language On the other hand most of the Chinese English learners only depend on the teaching in the classroom so they have few opportunities to communicate with a native English speaker face to face Most surveys show that the infant time is the golden time to learn languages Here we can imagine that if a baby is taught in English Japanese and Spanish since he was born when he grows up he can speak three kinds of languages at the same time Even though he does not know the grammar he can speak every language very fluently For most Chinese they do not know the grammar at all but all of them can speak Chinese fluently There is another phenomenon if there is one English speaker or English teacher in the family their baby always has a good English achievement All of these show that Chinese social context has a great influence in English learning Professor Sun Mianzhi quoted Professor Xiong Denis speech I always compare English Learning to a Besiegment Your English is the Besieger and of course your mother tongue is the one besieged You Command your army of English to break through the line of defense until you overtake the strongholdyour mother tongueTranslated But it is really a hard job because you are completely surrounded by the enemy troops and your enemy is so strongB Difference between the Two LanguagesTo learn English well it is necessary to know the details of it Firstly when you are learning the pronunciation you will be corrected for several times Sometimes you want to say go to somewhere by ship but because you pronounce it too long some others think that you go somewhere by sheep When you can not separate[r] and [l]you will read rice 米饭as lice 虱子Secondly in the grammar you always make mistakes like this I am student it raining hard against this plan etc Thirdly in the acceptation once you have written my English level low Sometimes even you want to keep diary but you use keeping notes or writing everyday note Some sentences like go buy thing and write with English always appear in your articles Fourthly in pragmatics you once called David Smith Teacher Smith or Mr David And we know Father Mother Sister in English is quite different from our Chinese A teacher is very kind and easygoing The students like her very much They think she is just like their mother But we can never call her Mother Teresa because in English Father Mother or Sister has some religious connotationsC The Goals and MotivationThe goals and motivations of English learner have a great influence in the course of English learning Most of us know that at the beginning of our new country Chinese people were trying to learn Russian Only after the opening and the reforming English became the most popular second language in China Some people realize the importance of English and they think English is very useful So they will try their best to learn it well But others bigotry thinks that they do not go abroad and they should spend so much time and money on English tests The former will spend much more time than the latter ones on English learning In fact the total time you spent on English learning is not exceeding one year at all Nobody can learn a language well enough to use it freely In China people learn English for different purposes With the influence of the text-oriented education people learn it just because they want to earna diploma or have a better job in the future So they learn by rote a lot of grammar rules read a lot practice lots of vocabulary and structures As for communication they become dumb Finally they may realize how inefficient their way isD Phenomenon of Language TransferLanguage transfer according to Odlin 1989 is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and the other languages that has been previously and perhaps imperfectly acquired This definition thus suggests that transfer can occur at any levels strategic linguistic discoursal and pragmatic Inter-language such as a semantic formulae strategy or linguistic form occurs in the NL native language TL target language and IL inter-language data Similar response frequencies in all the three data sets are classified as positive transfer while different response frequencies between IL-TL and NL-TL combined with similar frequencies between IL-NL register as negative transfer quoted Liu Xiaozhong 2001 We just take a pragmalinguistic failure for exampleChinese learners usually use the expression Never mind in replying to Thanks a lot Thats a great help He Ziran 1988 In Chinese we use 没关系Mei guan xi or 不用谢Bu yong xie in reply to Thank you However their equivalents in English Never mind Not at all and You are welcome are slightly different in use from one another though they all may be translated as 没关系Mei guan xi in Chinese The students often failed to see the discrepancy and due to their mother-tongue influence used these expressions interchangeably If a student helped the professor clean the blackboard he would normally say thank you to the student But instead of saying Mypleasure as native speakers normally do in this situation Chinese students would often say Its my duty This shows the students falling back on the Chinese situation where it is wholesomely all right for people to say 应该的Ying gai de But he failed to realize that in English It is my duty also implies an obligation instead of a volunteer help Some other examples as No smoking please and Our English teacher has peaches and plums everywhere in China are also failures in useⅢDistinctions between English and ChineseChina also has its individual culture which is rooted deeply in its long history Generally speaking each nation has its unique culture and should be honored for it Each nation always thinks of the culture of its own the best in the world When Chinese developed into the native language in the eastern Asia where all the people think it was the most splendid language and knowledge in the world so it is comparatively difficult to accept another new language Chinese and English are both two widely used languages in the world Totally the numbers of the Chinese Speakers and English speakers take one fourth of the global populationLinguists classify languages using two main classification systems typological and genetic A typological classification system organizes languages according to the similarities and differences in their structures Languages that share the same structure belong to the same type while languages with different structures belong to different types For example despite the great differences between the two languages in other respects Mandarin Chinese and English belong to the same type grouped by word-order typology Both languages have a basic word order of subject-verb-objectBut they are different Chinese belongs to HanTibet language system but English belongs to IndoEuro language system In Chinese the square hieroglyph is the tool to express ideas but in English it is the 26 letters There exists difference in sentence structure pronunciation vocabularyA StructureThere are 7 basic types in English 1SVC 2SV 3SV A 4SVO 5SVOA 6SvoO 7SVOC Note S→ subject V→ verb C→ complement O→ object o→ object A→ adverbial Some people think it should combine the second and the third one as well as the fifth one and the sixth one So they think there are five basic types In Chinese there are far more than five basic typesB PronunciationIn Chinese there are some similar pronunciations with English like some consonants [p] [b] [t] [d] [s] [z] [m] [n] [f] [g] [k] [h] and some vowels [a] [i] and [u] But individually they have their own pronunciation and standard Chinese has four tunes but English only depends on the different positions of the stress In addition in English there are some phonetics which are very difficult to pronounce like[r] [v] etc In Chinese pinyin each zi has a yunmu which is like the vowel sound in English An English consonant or several consonants are preceded by a vowelC V ocabularyGenerally English has a larger vocabulary Nowadays there are some ten thousands Characters in Chinese It has accumulated to a large storeroom All the factors considered English has a quicker and more significant development than ChineseWebsters Third New International Dictionary which was published in 1962 includes 480000 million words Chinese word has a surprising ability to combine another word and then form a new word So Chinese has abundant phrases and the meanings of words vary in different phrases Chinese words can express more clearly and make the descriptions more vivid In some other part Chinese is so brief that you use just one word to express a clear meaning For example 走means to go 吃means have some food by yourself To English there are not only abundant basic word but also a lot of loanwords which enrich or have enriched the vocabulary and make a lot of synonyms In English the word thief has 37 synonyms On the other hand the usage of preposition between Chinese and English are very differentD．CulturePeople grow up in different environments They are growing in two deferent semis They absorb the different nurture at different time and restricts There are many good examples of misunderstanding between Chinese people and English speakers A Chinese scholar went to America for further studies One day he missed his wife and children He brought out a family photograph and stared at it An American came over and saw the photo He commented Your wife is beautiful The scholar felt embarrassed and said modestly Where where Now it was the Americans turn to feel awkward To be amusing he had to sayEverywhere In fact for an American to say Your wife is beautiful is just a way to show politeness but a Chinese man may take it as a compliment And about greetings we are familiar with the questions like 你吃了吗ni chi le ma 你到哪里去ni dao na li qu 你每个月薪挣多少钱ni mei ge yue zhengduo shao qian but the English speakers may take those questions as taboos Its none of your businessⅣConditions for English LearningEnglish is a basic tool in the new world More and more Chinese people are trying their best to charge it But in fact the results are always not satisfactory because we dont have the conditions for second language learning In the book of Conditions for Second Language Learning Bernard Spolsky shows seventy-four conditions of second language learning He specially notes that thirty-one conditions are necessary and the others are typical and graded conditions Among the thirty-one conditions social context culture background exposure conditions attitude and motivation and native pronunciation are the most importantA．Social ContextAccording to Bernard Spolsky language is primarily a social mechanism so languages are learned in social context He proved this idea by quoting another linguists remarks What is needed is a linguistics which can describe whatever features of speech proves relevant in the given case and which can relate linguistic elements to each other in terms of relationships of role status task and the like Such a linguistic requires foundations in social theory and ethnographic practice as well as in practical phonetics and grammarCondition 42 the Number of Speakers condition The number of people who speak a language as a first or second language influences the desire of others to learn itCondition 48 Linguistic condition prefers to learn a language whena You desire the social approval of its speakers andorb You see strong value in being able to communicate with its speakers andorc There are no social norms providing other methods of communicating with speakers of that language andord Your learning is reinforced of encouraged by speakers of the language Condition 43 Standard language condition Formal teaching situations are possible only with standardized languagesCondition 44 In formal learning situations are possible only with languages with vitalityCondition 55 Instrumental language learning or teaching condition If you need to speak to someone who does not know your language you can learn that persons language or help that person to learn your languageCondition 56 Language values condition The social and individual values which underlie language choice rules also determine the value an individual assigns to the learning of a specific languageTo sum up a good mastery of English has become a must for all the students in China because of frequent communication between countries More and more people pay their attention to English learning At the same time Chinese government encourages everyone to learn English and create a lot good conditions for English learners so Chinese English learners have a better social context to learn EnglishB．Attitudes and MotivationAnother two critical factors of English learning are attitude and motivation because they predict the amount of time a learner would apply to the task of language learning Condition 50 Aptitude condition The greater a learners aptitude the faster he or she will learn all parts of the second languageCondition 51 Exposure Condition The more time spent learning any aspect of a second language the more will be learnedConditions52 Motivation condition The more motivation a learner has the more time he or she will spend learning an aspect of a second languageAnyway the goal of English learning is to communicate with English speakers energy and time on English learning Chinese English learners make progress in English learning on condition that they spend a lot of energy and time on it Without hard work and persistence Chinese English learners cannot learn English wellC．Native Pronunciation ConditionCondition 23 Native pronunciation condition The younger one starts to learn a second language the better chance on has to develop a native-like pronunciation We all know that the golden time to learn language is 2 to 6 years old So if a child can get in touch with English as he is a baby he can hear the English sound for a long time after some time he can speak English very well naturallyNow a lot of foreigners are living in China and English is prevalent in China so Chinese English learners can get in touch with English native speakers easily Chinese English learners have more chances to practice their English with English native speakers Chinese English learners can learn native pronunciation in a good nativeenvironmentD．Cultural BackgroundStandard language condition prefers to formal teaching situations are possible only with standardized languages Modernized language condition prefers to teach of learn a language which is officially used or recognized Of want to charge the target language very well we had better know the customs and the originality of it You know more about it you can learn it much quicker and betterSome other conditions also influence second language acquisitionCondition 34 Language distance condition The closer two languages are to each other genetically and typologically the quicker the speaker of one will learn the other Condition 35 Shared feature condition When two languages share a feature learning is facilitatedCondition 36 Contrastive feature condition Differences between two languages interfere when speakers of one set out to learn the otherWith the development of the economic globalization the communications between China and other countries become more frequent Chinese people know more about the knowledge of the outside world The blocks between two backgrounds will become smaller and smaller And Chinese English learners can compare the differences and contrast the similarities in learning And Chinese English learners can take the advantages of the positive transfer and remove the negative transferⅤCreating Conditions for English LearningFrom the conditions analyzed above it is obvious that the first step to learn English is to learn the pronunciation The pronunciation should be the standard language but not the dialects in some local areas Imaging that you have learned one kind of language of a minority for example the yi language still we can not communicate with most of the Chinese people As for communication we all know that if we want to use a second language freely you have to get more chances to practice Only talking more with native speakers and doing a lot practice can help you to improve your English level On the other hand as mentioned above the purpose of English learning is not only to meet the exams but to listen speak read and write in English and finally use the global language to learn and exchange information with other countriesIn fact the conditions of English learning vary Different people choose different ways to improve your English It is very important to create conditions to learn English A．A Good Foundation of EnglishChinese English learners must learn it from simple letters words and phonetics In the course of English learning learners dig into it incessantly and enlarge the vocabulary gradually They try their best to charge the basic grammar and usage of English In this course they can find some good ways by themselves which is very useful and suitable for themB．A Good Attitude on English LearningEnglish is one basic tool in nowadays society It is the time of human intelligence Learning English is not only for the exams but for a good tool to make your life morewonderful and colorful So one has the duty to learn it very well for both his individual life and the countrys development At the same time learners should change some wrong ideas formed before and show their highest motivation and aspiration to learn it Of course learners have to spend more energy and time on English studyC Using Available ResourcesThere is an unprecedented fever of English learning in China You can get any material you want whether you are in the city or in the countryside Learners do not neglect the basic knowledge teaching in the classroom so they first have a full understanding of their teachers lectures then they have got good improvement Now a lot of high-tech products can help learners and ensure them to have a good environment to learn English You can use either a recorder or some advanced equipments like TV CD VCD etc or all of them So learners have a good practice in the created scene of communication with native speakers Especially you can surf on the internet to look for all the latest materials you want directly and quickly Hi- tech creates good conditions for learners and they can use the golden time to charge English language which is very importantD．Cultural CommunicationLearning English is absolutely not only translating English into Chinese and Chinese into English They grow in the different soil in two semis Further more we have to know the inherence of the English language but not only the appearance of it like knowing one person not only from his appearance but also from his morality You had better know the people around him If you can consider English as an important toolwhich serve your own life and society it will be easy for you to learn it very wellE Proper Use of Language TransferLanguage transfer is inevitable in learning a second language It occurs at all linguistic levels phonetic lexical semantic and syntactic Therefore learners are to lay emphasis on how to teach and learn from grammatical analysis and difference of cultural differences should also be kept in mind The existence of Chinglish is but a fact In the book English in Use Quirk mentioned Occasionally our principal problem is not to find the exact meaning of a word but to find the exact word for a meaning which is floating so to speak in our heads To overcome the negative transfer we need to listen to Standard English read articles and literature in English so as to have enough language input When its time to put out learners are to think in English and express in the native speakers wayConclusionEnglish learning is a long process It needs persistence and hard work Though a lot of English learners have spent a lot of time and energy on it the results are still not satisfactory The native language ---Chinese tightly restricts them On the one hand Chinese is one comprehensive language It has its unique originality structure pronunciation lexicology and cultural background and all these factors affect the process of English learning On the other hand the goals of the English learners in China are not the same and they have different attitudes and motivations So the degrees of mastery are differentMost of the learners are learning English in Chinese context Chinese has been deeply rooted in their memory Although positive transfer helps with the second language learning negative transfer leads to confusion Language learning needs a lot of conditions and without these conditions it is harder for them to learn the language well So it is crucial to create some suitable conditions according to the learners needs International communications enable Chinese learners to get easy access to native English speakers so learners have a standard language condition On the other hand the Ministry of Educational has set up kinds of English curriculum standards to popularize English in the whole nation which is a good condition of the number of speakers Development in science and technology provides learners with various visual and audio resources With all those things to help Chinese learners are destined to learn English wellAcknowledgementsMy idea for the thesis sprang from the enlightenment of Ms Tan Changlian my tutor to whom I owed great gratitude and appreciation She gave me invaluable institutions and encouragement In the process of composing this paper she gives me much academic and constructive advice and helps me to correct my paper Moreover I am deeply grateful to those teachers who gave me much help these four years such as Mr Deng Xingyi Mr Zhou Ronghui Ms Huang Tianhong Ms Zhang Yihua and Mr Liu Youlong They benefited me a lot with sparkling ideas in their lectures。
