2008年西北工业大学1002俄语考博试题

2010届海文钻石卡学员二外俄语强化阶段测试参考答案一、选择题（50分，每小题1分）1.答案为B。

当表示一个人从事何种职业时可用句式：Ктоестькто.（现在时系词есть一般省去不用）或：Ктоработаеткем.2.答案为A。

Без接二格，表示：在没有……的情况之下，这个句子的意思是：没有他的帮助我们将很难找到路。

3.答案为C。

意思是：老朋友在会议上见面了。

除了C是不及物动词之外，其他三项都是及物动词，后面应该接宾语。

我们也可以встретились理解为表示相互意义的反身动词。

4.答案为D。

意思是：我的妈妈今年45岁。

涉及到谁……岁。

主语要用第三格。

5.答案为D。

意思是：她长时间的思考问题，但是什么都没想出来。

Обдумать一般表示全面的思考某件事情，подумать就表示简单的想……，раздумать表示“理解和解决”，придумать表示“想出”。

四个答案里面придумать最为符合。

6.答案为B。

意思是：谢谢所有在学习上给予我帮助的人。

答案是B，原因在于кто在从句中做主语，其他的不可以。

7.答案为B。

固定用法，但是，我们可以这样理解，这个句子是一个不定人称句。

在这类句子中，谓语动词用现在时或将来时的复数第三人称表示，过去时用复数表示，可以参见东方俄语第二册的p333.8.答案为A。

意思是：在会议上有一位作家要发言，这位作家的书现在正在被所有的人谈论着。

Чей表示：谁的，属于……。

9.答案为C。

意思是：我们无论如何也不能想起这部电影的名字。

Называться意思是“被叫做……，被命名为……”是一个不及物动词。

10.答案为D。

意思是：我永远也不会忘记我考进学院的那一天。

后半句缺少一个时间状语，只能由когда担当。

11.答案为D。

意思是：爸爸三天前从南方回来了。

东西南北和表示方位的前置词连用只能用с和на，сюга表示：从南方来，наюг表示：到南方去。

12.答案为A。

西北工业大学航空学院德语（一外）2007理论力学1997，2000，2002——2004，2007腐蚀防护2007自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）信号与系统2002——2007（注：2006年试卷共4页，缺第1页）材料科学基础2003——2010（2010为回忆版）（2005——2009有答案）飞机总体设计原理2003——2004，2007材料力学2003——2004，2007数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004空气动力学2003——2004，2007空中交通管理基础2003——2004，2007结构有限元分析基础2007流体力学2003——2004，2007机械振动基础2007自动化检测技术2007航天学院日语(一外)2007德语（一外）2007自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）航天器与导弹控制原理2007飞行器飞行力学2007气体动力学2007飞行器结构力学2007火箭发动机原理2007数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004材料力学2003——2004，2007航海学院水声学原理2003——2004，2007噪声与振动控制2007理论力学1997，2000，2002——2004，2007流体力学2003——2004，2007自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）模拟电子技术2003——2004，2007数字信号处理2002——2004，2007通信原理2001——2004，2007（2002有答案）微弱信号检测技术2007信号检测与估计2003——2004，2007动力装置原理2007微机原理及应用2000——2004，2007（2000——2003有答案）[说明：2003年试卷名称为“微型计算机原理”]信号与系统2002——2007（注：2006年试卷共4页，缺第1页）塑性成形原理2003——2004材料学院材料科学基础2003——2010（2010为回忆版）（2005——2009有答案）陶瓷工艺原理2007材料力学2003——2004，2007塑性成形原理2003——2004机电学院设计理论2007工业设计2007电工技术与电子技术2007工业设计基础2003——2004电子技术基础1996——1997，2004，2007设施规划与设计2007汽车理论基础2007数控机床2007机械设计2003——2004，2007机械原理1996，2001，2003——2004微机原理及应用2000——2004，2007（2000——2003有答案）[说明：2003年试卷名称为“微型计算机原理”]电路1998——1999电路基础2001——2004，2007数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004电力电子技术2003——2004，2007机械加工工艺学2003——2004，2007计算机辅助管理2002——2004，2007计算机辅助制造2003——2004，2007C语言2003C语言程序设计2004塑性成形原理2003——2004力学与土木建筑学院建筑历史2007建筑设计原理2007道面工程2007理论力学1997，2000，2002——2004，2007材料力学2003——2004，2007结构力学（土建）2003——2004，2007钢筋混凝土结构2007道面工程2007动力与能源学院德语（一外）2007自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）传热学2003——2004，2007工程流体力学2003——2004，2007工程热力学2002——2004，2007叶轮机械原理2007信号与系统2002——2007（注：2006年试卷共4页，缺第1页）电子技术基础1996——1997，2004，2007电工技术与电子技术2007数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004模拟电子技术2003——2004，2007电子信息学院电路1998——1999电路基础2001——2004，2007模拟电子技术2003——2004，2007信号与系统2002——2007（注：2006年试卷共4页，缺第1页）通信原理2001——2004，2007（2002有答案）数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）数字信号处理2002——2004，2007电磁场与电磁波2002——2004，2007武器运筹学2007航空火力控制原理2007随机信号分析2003——2004教育学专业基础综合（全国统考试卷）2007——2008自动化学院德语（一外）2007自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）电路1998——1999电路基础2001——2004，2007计算机网络2007概率论2004，2007概率论与数理统计2003系统工程概论2007交通工程导论2007惯性导航原理2007传感器原理2007电机学2007电力电子技术2003——2004，2007电子技术基础1996——1997，2004，2007机电控制元件与系统2007微机原理及应用2000——2004，2007（2000——2003有答案）[说明：2003年试卷名称为“微型计算机原理”]C语言2003C语言程序设计2004医学图像处理2007计算机学院计算机专业基础2004，2007计算机组成与系统结构2001——2003计算方法2003——2004计算机综合技术2004编译原理2000——2002操作系统1999——2002数据结构1998——1999，2002软件综合技术2004离散数学2000——2002理学院高等代数2007数学分析2002，2007数学分析与高等代数2003——2004量子力学2002——2004，2007电动力学2007光学2003——2004，2007有机化学2004，2007数学（理学）2007普通物理2007数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004物理化学（凝聚态物理、材料物理与化学、材料学、材料加工工程、应用化学专业）2007物理化学（物理化学、药剂学专业）2007高分子化学2007高分子物理2007环境化学2007管理学院运筹学2003——2007（2005有答案）（注：2005年试卷共6页，缺第6页；2005年答案共6页，缺第6页）管理经济学2003——2004，2007管理学2002——2004，2007计算机辅助管理2002——2004，2007计算机辅助制造2003——2004，2007人文与经法学院俄语(一外)2007日语(一外)2007法语(一外) 2007英语水平测试2002——2004，2007英语写作知识与技能2002英语语言学测试2003英语语言学基础2002英语综合知识测试2004，2007英语(一外)2007德语水平考试（含语法、词汇、阅读、翻译及写作）2007综合知识考试(含德国国情, 语言学与德语文学基础知识)2007 法学综合2007马克思主义发展史2007政治学原理2007，2010（2010为回忆版）中国近现代史2007中国特色社会主义理论与实践2007经济法2007教育学专业基础综合（全国统考试卷）2007——2008现代西方经济学2007艺术史2007艺术专业综合理论2007行政管理学2007，2010（2010为回忆版）软件学院计算机组成与系统结构2001——2003计算方法2003——2004计算机专业基础2004，2007计算机综合技术（含操作系统、计算机组成原理）2004，2007 编译原理2000——2002操作系统1999——2002数据结构1998——1999，2002软件综合技术（含数据结构、C++程序设计）2004，2007离散数学2000——2002生命科学院生物综合2007分子生物学2007生物医学工程综合2007有机化学2004，2007物理化学（凝聚态物理、材料物理与化学、材料学、材料加工工程、应用化学专业）2007物理化学（物理化学、药剂学专业）2007。

2008年医学博士外语真题试卷(总分：206.00，做题时间：90分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________A.It was called off unexpectedly.B.It raised more money than expected.C.It received fewer people than expected.D.It disappointed the woman for the man" s absence.A.A thoracic case.B.A nervous disorder.C.A stomach problem.D.A psychiatric condition.A.In the housing office on campus.B.In the downtown hotel.C.At the rental agency.D.In the nursing home.A.Thrilled.B.Refreshed.C.Exhausted.D.Depressed.A.To travel with his parents.B.To organize a picnic in the country.C.To cruise, even without his friends.D.To take a flight to the Maldives instead.A.He" s got a revert.B.He" s got nausea.C.He" s got diarrhea.D.He" s got a runny nose.A.To suture the man" s wound.B.To remove the bits of glass.C.To disinfect the man" s wound.D.To take a closer look at the man" s wound.A.Mr. Lindley had got injured.B.Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep.C.Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair.D.Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness.A.She will apply to Duke University.B.She will probably attend the University of Texas.C.She made up her mind to give up school for work.D.She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.A.Her boyfriend broke up with her.B.She was almost run over by a truck.C.One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D.She dumped her boyfriend" s truck in the river.A.The patient will not accept the doctor" s recommendation.B.The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C.The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D.The medicine is not available to the patient.A.It was more expensive than the original price.B.It was given to the woman as a gift.C.It was the last article on sale.D.It was a good bargain.A.Excited.B.Impatient.C.Indifferent.D.Concerned.A.She regrets buying the car.B.The car just arrived yesterday.C.She will certainly not buy the ear.D.This is the car she has been wanting.A.He is seriously ill.B.His work is a mess.C.The weather is lousy this week.D.He has been working under pressure.2.Section B（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________A.He has got bowel cancerB.He has got heart disease.C.He has got bone cancer.D.He has got heartburn.A.To have a colonoscopy.B.To seek a second opinionC.To be put on chemotherapy.D.To have his bowel removed.A.A pretty minor surgery.B.A normal life ahead of him.C.A miracle in his coming years.D.A life without any inconveniences.A.Thankful.B.Admiring.C.Resentful.D.Respectful.A.It was based on the symptoms the man had described.B.It was prescribed considering possible complications.C.it was given according to the man" s actual condition.D.it was effective because of a proper intervention.A.Smoking and lung Cancer.B.Lung cancer and the sexes.C.How to quit Smoking.D.How to prevent lung cancer.A.Current smokers exclusively.B.Second-hand smokers.C.With a lung problem.D.At age 40 or over.A.156.B.269.C.7498D.9427A.Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancerB.Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C.Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D.When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than women.A.Lung cancer can be early detected.B.Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C.Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D.Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.A.A hobby.B.The whole world.C.A learning experience.D.A career to earn a riving.A.Her legs were broken.B.Her arms were broken.C.Her shoulders were severely injured.D.Her cervical vertebrae were seriously injured.A.She learned a foreign language.B.She learned to make friendsC.She learned to be a teacher.D.She learned living skills.A.She worked as skiing coach.B.She was a college instructor.C.She was a social worker in the clinic.D.She worked as elementary school teacher.A.Optimistic and hard-bitten.B.Pessimistic and cynical.C.Humorous and funny.D.Kind and reliable.3.Section A（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________4.I am afraid that you" 11 have to______the deterioration of the condition.（分数：2.00）A.account forB.call forC.look forD.make for5.Twelve hours a week seemed a generous______of your time to the nursing home.（分数：2.00）A.afflictionB.alternativeC.allocationD.alliance6.Every product is______tested before being put into the market.（分数：2.00）A.expensivelyB.exceptionallyC.exhaustivelyD.exclusively7.Having clean hands is one of the______rules when preparing food.（分数：2.00）A.potentB.conditionalC.inseparableD.cardinal8.The educators should try hard to develop the______abilities of children.（分数：2.00）A.cohesiveB.cognitiveC.collectiveic9.Mortgage______had risen in the last year because the number of low-income families was on the increase.（分数：2.00）A.defectsB.deficitsC.defaultsD.deceptions10.The symptoms may be______by certain drugs.（分数：2.00）A.exaggeratedB.exacerbatedC.exceededD.exhibited11.Her story was a complete______from start to finish, so nobody believed in her.（分数：2.00）A.facilityB.fascinationC.fabricationD.faculty12.The police investigating the traffic accident have not ruled out______.（分数：2.00）A.salvageB.safeguardC.sabotageD.sacrifice13.The government always______on the background of employees who are hired for sensitive military projects.（分数：2.00）A.takes upB.cheeks upC.works outD.looks into14.Section B（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.The 19 th century physiology was dominated by the study of the transformations of food energy into body mass and activity.（分数：2.00）A.boostedernedC.clarifiedD.pioneered16.Surely, it would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action.（分数：2.00）A.realisticB.sensitiveC.reasonableD.sensational17.The Chinese people hold their ancestors in great veneration .（分数：2.00）A.recognitionB.sincerityC.heritageD.honor18.I worked to develop the requisite skill for a managerial .（分数：2.00）A.perfectB.exquisiteC.uniqueD.necessary19.If exercise is a bodily maintenance activity and an index of physiological age, the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten aging.（分数：2.00）A.instanceB.indicatorC.appearanceD.option20.The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.（分数：2.00）A.arduousB.demandingC.potentD.continuous21.The hospital should be held accountable for the quality of care it delivers.（分数：2.00）A.practicableB.reliableC.flexibleD.responsible22.Greenpeace has been invited to appraise the environment costs of such an operation.（分数：2.00）A.esteemB.appreciateC.evaluateD.approve23.The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the future looks bleak .（分数：2.00）A.chillyB.dismalC.promisingD.fanatic24.These were vital decisions that bore upon the happiness of everybody.（分数：2.00）A.ensuredB.minedC.achievedD.influenced五、PartⅢ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely【C1】______, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius 【C2】______a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the【C3】______of a person" s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whetheror not he reaches those limits will depend on his【C4】______This view, not held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent 【C5】______we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people【C6】______, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins they will likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have【C7】______intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. 【C8】______now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment【C9】______birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the【C10】______that people who live in close contact with each other,but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.quiteB.enoughC.sureD.so(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.out ofB.intoC.from withinD.off(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.amountsB.qualitiesC.limitsD.scores(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.dispositionB.perceptionC.endowmentD.environment(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.in advanceB.for effectC.at randomD.under way(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.variousC.appropriateD.inborn(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.LookB.BelieveC.SuggestD.Imagine(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.andB.or ratherC.as well asD.but for(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.factB.eventC.conditionD.environment六、PartⅣ Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart. Without it, Scan would die. Sean" s case is not unusual. Everyday many people die because there just aren" t enough human organs to go around. Now scientists say they can alter the genetic make-up of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to humans. With this gene-altering technique to overcome our immune rejection to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig hearts for transplants by the year 2008. That prospect, however, has stirred up strong opposition among animal fight activists. They protest that the whole idea of using animal organs is cruel and unjust; some scientists also fear such transplants may transform unknown diseases to humans. Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs. They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable. The key is to convince people to eat healthfully, and not to smoke or drink alcohol. Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial organs. Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea. If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyone who needed an organ could be taken off the waiting list in a year.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the problem the passage begins with?（分数：2.00）A.High mortality rate of immune rejectionB.A malpractice in heart transplantation.C.An unusual case of organ transplantD.A shortage of human organs(2).Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue, according to the passage but also it______.（分数：2.00）A.introduces an issue of inhumanityB.raises the issue of justice in medicineC.presents a significant threat to the human natureD.pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits(3).Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs, some scientists______.（分数：2.00）A.are to narrow the scope of organ transplantsB.switch to the development of artificial organse up with alternatives to the current problemD.set out to pursue better ways of treating heart disease(4).It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph of the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplantsB.the present supply of human organs still has potential to be exploredC.people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposesD.the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed(5).The information the passage carries is______.（分数：2.00）A.enlighteningB.unbelievableC.imaginativeD.factualThere is a great irony of 21st-century global health: While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active. Market economies encourage this. They make people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, televisions set. And computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight are good business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones that far more than they need, another irony, than the United States, to take an extreme example, most adults —-of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories—are overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many a-dults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people ate! Less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more. And all employ armies of Lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating.（分数：10.00）(1).The great irony of 21st century global public health refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.the cause of obesity and its counteractive measuresB.the insufficient and superfluous consumption of foodC.the seas natural resource and the green of food sourceD.the consumption of food and the increased risk for diet-related diseases(2).To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is______.（分数：2.00）A.to improve political and economic managementB.to cope with the energy imbalance issueC.to combat diet-related chronic diseasesD.to increase investment in global health(3).As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.affluence and obesityB.food energy and nutritional valueC.food business and economic prosperityD.diseases of civilization and pathology of inactivity(4).As a result of the third irony, people______.（分数：2.00）A.consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basisplain about food overproductionC.have to raise their food expensesD.are driven towards weight gain(5).Which of the following can be excluded as we can understand based on the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The economic dimension.B.The political dimension.C.The humane dimension.D.The dietary dimension.Women find a masculine face—with a large jaw and a prominent brow—-more attractive when they are most likely to attractive, according to a study published in the June 24 NATURE. Before, during, and use after menstruation, however, they seem to be drawn to less angular, more "feminine" male faces, the researchers report. " Other studies of female preference, mainly for odors, show changes across the menstrual cycle ," says lead author Ian Penton-Voak of the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. " We thought it would be interesting to look at visual preferences and see if they changed also". The researchers showed 39 Japanese women composite male faces that emphasized masculine or feminine facial features to differing degrees. The women preferred images with more masculine features when they were in the fertile phase of their menses but favored more feminine features during their less fertile phase. The type of face women find attractive also seems to depend on the kind of relationship they wish to pursue, according to another experiment. The cyclic preference for muscular faces was evident among 23 British women asked to choose the most attractive face for a short-term relationship, Penton-Voak says. The 26 women asked to choose an attractive face for a long-term relationship, however, preferred the more feminine features throughout their menstrual cycle. Another 22 women who were using oral contraceptives did not show monthly changes in the faces they preferred even for short-term relationships, indicating that hormones might play a role in determining attractiveness, Penton-Voak says. Men whose faces have some feminine softness are perceived as " kinder" men who may make better husbands and partners, he adds, while macho features may be associated with higher testosterone(睾丸素)levels and good genes. He cautions, however, that research hasn"t yet shown a link between a woman" s preferences in such tests and her actual behavior.（分数：10.00）(1).The researchers made a study on______.（分数：2.00）A.women" s menstrual cycleB.men" s preferred female imagesC.women" s visual preferences of menD.men" s masculine and feminine features(2).Women are drawn to a masculine face, according to the researchers, when they______.（分数：2.00）A.grow to be more feminineB.are on oral contraceptivesC.are ready for conceptionD.are on menstruation(3).It was found in Britain that women" s preferred male images were influenced by______.（分数：2.00）A.their family planningB.the years of marriage they hadC.the length of their menstrual cycleD.the term or relationship they seek(4).Just because the studies of female preferences show changes across the menstrual cycle, as Pen-ton-Voak implies, does not mean that______.（分数：2.00）A.visual preferences do existB.a woman acts this way is realityC.a man will buy into the phenomenonD.men and women prefer the same image(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Does a woman judge from a man" s appearance?B.Is there such a thing as beauty in the world?C.Are women more emotional than men?D.Is beauty more than meets the eye?WELL—do they or don"t they? For years, controversy has raged over whether the electromagnetic fields produced by power lines could cause cancer especially leukemia in young children. But in Britain last week confusion reached new heights. One team from Bristol announced that it had evidence to back a controversial but plausible theory which would explain how power lines might cause cancer(electric fields attract airborne pollutants). Only to be followed by the release of results by another group in London which suggested there is nothing to worry about. What is going on? Actually, the confusion may be more apparent than real. There can be no doubt that the effects of power lines on water droplets, pollutants and naturally occurring radon uncovered by the Bristol team are real and interning. But to suggest that they have anything to do with leukemia in children is premature. The extra exposure to pollution for a child living near power lines would be tiny, and it is not obvious why radon, a gas normally associated with lung cancer—would cause leukemia in children. The second study, which drew reassuring blank, is the world" s biggest ever probe of the statistical link between childhood cancers and magnetic fields of the sort produced by power lines and electrical appliances. It is one of several recent studies that have failed to find a link. Unlike earlier research, these newer studies involved going into homes to measure the electromagnetic fields. The fields they measured included input from major power lines if they were. Which is not to say the research is perfectly. Critics argue that Britain" s childhood cancer study, for example, has not yet taken into account the surges in exposure that might come from, say, switching appliances on and off. And some people might wonder why measurements of the electric fields that are also produced by power lines did not figure in last week" s study. But neither criticism amounts to a fatal blow. Electrical fields cannot penetrate the body significantly, for example. A more serious concern is whether the British research provides an all-clear signal for such countries as the US where power lines carry more current and therefore produce higher magnetic fields. Pedants(书呆子)would conclude that it doesn" t. But these counties will not have long to wait for answers from a major Japanese study. In Britain the latest epidemiological study can be taken as the final word on the matter. If the electromagnetic fields in British homes can in some unforeseen way increase the risk of cancer, we can now be as certain as science allows that the increase is too tiny to measure.（分数：10.00）(1).Both the question "Well—do they or don"t they?" and the question "What is going on?" suggest ______.（分数：2.00）A.the high incidence of LeukemiaB.the advent of bewilderment among peopleC.the warning of the worsening air pollutionD.the tense relation between Bristol and London(2).What would the author say of the results of the first study?（分数：2.00）A.Enlightening.B.Insignificant.C.Reassuring.D.Apparent.(3).What can be suggested from the results of the second study?（分数：2.00）A.There does exist a danger zone near power lines.B.There is much to be improved in terms of design.C.There is nothing to worry about as to power lines.D.There is no link between the first and second study.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the British outcomes______.（分数：2.00）A.are expected to convince nobody but pedantsB.were found to have left much room for doubtC.could have implications in such countries as the USD.will be consistent with the Japanese ones in the near future(5).To conclude, the author______.（分数：2.00）A.reassures us of the reliability of the latest research in BritainB.asks for improved measurements for such an investigationC.points out the drawbacks of the latest research in BritainD.urges further investigations on the issueSmoking causes wrinkles by upsetting the body" s mechanism for renewing skin, say scientists in Japan. Dermatologists say the finding confirms the long-held view that smoking ages skin prematurely. Skin stays healthy and young-looking because of a fine balance between two processes that are constantly at work. The first breaks-down old skin while the second makes new skin. The body breaks down the old skin with enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases, or MMPs, They chop up the fibers that form collagen(胶原质)—the connective tissue that makes up around 80 percent of normal skin. Akimichi Morita and his colleagues at Nagoya City University Medical School suspected that smoking disrupted the body" s natural process of breaking down old skin and renewing it. To test their idea, they first made a solution of cigarette smoke by pumping smoke through a saline(盐的)solution. Smoke was sucked from cigarettes for two seconds every minute. Tiny drops of this smoke solution were added to dishes of human fibroblasts, the skin cells that produce collagen. After a day in contact with smoke solution, the researchers tested the skin cells, to see how much collagen-degrading MMP they were making. Morita found that cells exposed to cigarette smoke had produced far more MMP than normal skin cells. Morita also tested the skin cells to see how much new collagen they were producing. He found that the smoke caused a drop in the production of fresh collagen by up to 40 percent. He says that this combined effect of degrading collagen more rapidly and producing less new collagen is probably what causes premature skin ageing in smokers, in both cases, the more concentrated the smoke solution the greater the effect on collagen. " This suggests the amount of collagen is important for skin ageing," he says. "It looks like less collagen means more wrinkle formation". Morita doesn" t know if this is the whole story of why smokers have more wrinkles. But he plans to confirm his findings by testing skin samples from smokers and non-smokers of various ages to see if the smoking has the same effect on collagen. "So far we" ve only done this in the lab. " he says. " We don"t know exactly what happens in the body yet that might take some time. " Other dermatologists are impressed by file work. "This is fascinating," says Lawrence Parish. Director of the Centre for International Dermatology at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia. This confirms scientifically what we"ve long expected, he says. "Tobacco smoke is injurious to skin. "（分数：10.00）(1).Healthy skin lies in______.（分数：2.00）A.a well-kept balance between two working processesB.the two processes of breaking down skin cellsC.a fine balance in the number of cigarettesD.the two steps of forming collagen(2).For the Japanese scientists, to test their idea is______.（分数：2.00）A.to verify the aging of human beingsB.to find out the mechanism of renewing skinC.to prove the two processes of wrinkle formationD.to confirm the hazards of smoking proven otherwise(3).The Japanese scientists tested their idea using______.（分数：2.00）A.MMPs to form fresh collagenB.cigarette smoke to contaminate skin cellsC.human fibroblasts to produce fresh collagenD.non-smokers to be exposed to cigarette smoke(4).As inferred from Morita" s results, smoking______.（分数：2.00）A.could stimulate tile production of fresh collagenB.is unlikely to promote the production of MMPC.tends to cause skin to age prematurelyD.may cause collagen to die by 60%(5).Monrita implies that his findings______.（分数：2.00）A.took less time than expectedB.were hard to accept in dermatologyC.were not exclusively based on the labD.need to be further verified in the human bodyToday, I sit in a surgical ICU beside my favorite Jack as he recovers from a five-hour operation to repair a massive aortic aneurysm. For me it has been a journey into the medical system as an inexperienced consumer rather than in my usual position as a seasoned provider. This journey to an urban referral center has produced some disappointing surprises for Dad, and especially for me. For the past two days, my beloved Jack has been called "Harold"(his first name; Jack is his middle name). Of course, there is nothing wrong with "Harold"—it was what he was called in the army—but Dad never has been "Harold" except to those who really don"t know him. Telephone callers at our family home who asked for "Harold" were always red flags that the caller was a telemarketer or insurance salesperson. Dad doesn" t correct his physicians or the office receptionists—he is from the old school, where it is impolite to question or correct your physician. Once he was an almost ideal "Jack," strong, athletic, quietly confident and imminently trustworthy, but his recent renal failure and dialysis treatments , his stroke and his constant tremor have robbed him of his strength, mobility, and golf game, but not of his will or love of his family, part of the reason he agreed to undertake this risky operation at his advanced age was because his wife and sisters still need his protective support. With so much at risk, he faced thislife-threatening challenge in a city far away from his home and friends and in a place where he is greeted as "Harold. "（分数：10.00）(1).The author relates the story______.（分数：2.00）A.from a consumer" s point of viewB.with a view to punctuating patient rightsC.according to his own standards of health careD.based on his own unpleasant medical treatment(2).Apparently the author" s father______.（分数：2.00）A.did not like to be called by the first nameB.was not well taken care of as expectedC.was mistaken for somebody elseD.was treated like a businessman(3).As the author implies his father______.（分数：2.00）A.encountered so many impolite physiciansB.did nothing but kept quiet in the hospitalC.accepted the way he was greetedD.had his diagnosis made wrongly。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As a general rule, Dad is generous, but as a merchant, he usually drives a hard（）.问题1选项A.bargainB.dealC.transactionD.negotiation【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。

drive a hard bargain“讨价还价” 。

句意：一般来说，父亲是慷慨的，但是作为一个商人，他通常会讨价还价。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.问题1选项A.conferencesB.conversationsC.practicesD.formations 【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：国务院将制定新的规则来使得管理与国际惯例一致。

conference “会议”；conversation “（非正式）交谈，谈话”；practice “实践，惯例”；formation “组成”。

根据前面的“lay down new rules” 可推测出划线单词的意思是“规则”，因此选项C符合题意。

3.单选题As ordinary people, scientists are by no means more honest or（）than other people, but as scientist, they attach special value to honest while they are in their working sphere.问题1选项A.ethicalB.ethnicC.aestheticD.esthetic【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

中国社会科学院外国文学系俄语语言文学专业俄罗斯文学方向刘文飞考博真题导师分数线内部资料一、专业的设置、招生人数及考试科目院系(招生人数)专业(招生人数)研究方向导师考试科目101外国文学系(4)050202俄语语言文学(2)01俄罗斯文学刘文飞①1006二外（英语）、1007二外（日语）、1009二外（德语）、1010二外（法语）选一②2011俄罗斯文学③3004专业俄语（俄-汉互译）二、导师介绍刘文飞，外国文学系博士生导师。

1959年11月出生于安徽省六安市。

1984年毕业于中国社会科学院研究生院，获博士学位，现任外国文学所研究员、俄罗斯文学研究室主任，中国俄罗斯文学研究会会长，中国作家协会会员，中国翻译家协会理事，中国外国文学学会理事，中国俄罗斯东欧中亚研究会常务理事，中国社会科学院“长城学者”，享受国务院特殊津贴专家，《世界文学》《外国文学》《译林》等杂志编委，北京大学、黑龙江大学等十余所高校特聘或客座教授，美国耶鲁大学富布赖特学者，俄罗斯利哈乔夫奖获得者。

主要著作有《二十世纪俄语诗史》《诗歌漂流瓶》《墙里墙外》《红场漫步》《明亮的忧伤》《阅读普希金》《布罗茨基传》《伊阿诺斯，或双头鹰》《别样的风景》《插图本俄国文学史》等十余部，主要译著有《普希金诗选》《俄罗斯文化史》《俄罗斯侨民文学史》《三诗人书简》《“百事”一代》《萨宁》《俄罗斯美女》等二十余部，发表论文百余篇。

育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。

育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。

三、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。

这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。

参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题After the fierce quarrel, they began to have a（）loathing for each other.问题1选项A.boringB.reciprocalC.friendlyD.standing【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

boring “无聊的；令人厌烦的”；reciprocal “互惠的；相互的”；friendly “友好的；亲切的”；standing “长期存在的”。

句意：在那次激烈的争吵后，他们开始相互厌恶。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题Being both spoiled and lazy, the boy（）everyone else for his lack of success.问题1选项A.criticizedB.blamedC.chargedD.accused【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。

criticize “批评”；blame “责备，归咎于”；charge “控诉，告诫”；accuse “控告，谴责”。

blame 常与for 连用；charge 后跟for；accuse 后接of。

根据“for his lack of success”可知选项B符合题意。

3.单选题The（）of “snake” is simply this: a legless reptile with a long, thin bod y.问题1选项A.connotationB.denominationC.donationD.denotation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

connotation “内涵；含蓄”；denomination “面额；名称；教派”；donation “捐款；捐赠物；捐赠”；denotation “符号；表示；意义”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As a general rule, Dad is generous, but as a merchant, he usually drives a hard（）.问题1选项A.bargainB.dealC.transactionD.negotiation【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。

drive a hard bargain“讨价还价” 。

句意：一般来说，父亲是慷慨的，但是作为一个商人，他通常会讨价还价。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题With his brows knitted, the doctor contemplated the difficult operation he had to perform. 问题1选项A.ucceeded inB.ecided againstC.went on withD.thought deeply about 【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：医生皱着眉头，……那个他要做的手术。

succeed in“在……方面取得成功”；decide against“决定不”；go on with“继续”；think deeply about “深思”。

根据“with his brows knitted”可知医生正在思考，因此划线单词的意思是“沉思”，选项D符合题意。

3.单选题After her marriage, the happy life（）her appearance, making her look more beautiful than ever.问题1选项A.transfiguredB.disfiguredC.disheveledD.transformed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

transfigure “使改观；美化”；disfigure “使变丑；使大为减色”；dishevel “使蓬乱；弄乱"；transform“改变，使……变形；转换”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Fear of pirate（）led the French to fortify their coastline.问题1选项A.excursionsB.incursionsC.transmigrationsD.transmogrifications【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

excursion “偏移；远足”；incursion “入侵；侵犯”；transmigration “轮回；移居”；transmogrification “变形”。

句意：对海盗袭击的担心使得法国加固了他们的海岸线。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题After a year of arguments, preparations for the festival are now（）smoothly.问题1选项A.precedingB.processingC.pressingD.proceeding 【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

precede “在……之前发生（或出现）”；process “加工，处理”； press “压，按，推”；proceed “进行，发生”。

句意：经过一年的协商，欢庆活动准备工作现在正在顺利进行。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题Now researchers are directing more attention to the social and cultural impetus that propelled university graduates into careers in management.问题1选项A.implicationB.propagandaC.impulseD.benefit【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：如今研究人员正将更多的注意力转向推动大学毕业生进入管理行业的社会和文化……。

2008年北京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Proofreading 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．“What courses are you going to do next semester?” I don’t know. But it’s about time______on something.A．I’d decideB．I decidedC．I decideD．I’m deciding正确答案：B解析：此题考查的是句型It is about time that的使用方法，这是一个虚拟语气句型，表示与现在的事实相反，因而that从句的谓语动词一般用一般过去时。

如：It is about time that we went to school(现在是我们该去上学的时候了)。

本题的句意是“你下学期要选什么课?”“我不知道，但是应该是做决定的时候了”。

所以正确答案是B项。

2．______a ticket for the match, he can now only watch it on TV at home.A．Obtaining notB．Not obtainingC．Not having obtainedD．Not obtained正确答案：C解析：此题考查的是现在分词的完成式。

因为本题属于已发生的事情对后来的事情产生了影响，所以应该用现在完成时态。

句首处省略了主语，所以应该用现在分词的完成式。

如：Having succeeded in the last examination，she was more confident of another success in the coming one(因为成功地通过了上次的考试，因此她更有信心在即将到来的考试中再次取得成功)。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Based on the（）that every business is now free to formulate its own strategy in light of the changing market, I would predict a market improvement in the efficiency of Chinas economy.问题1选项A.guidanceB.instructionC.premiseD.eminence【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

guidance “指导”；instruction “指令，指示”；premise “前提”；eminence “卓越，著名”。

句意：基于任何企业都可以根据市场变化自由确定发展战略这一点，我估计中国经济市场的效率会提高。

选项C符合题意。

2.单选题The large towers of the George Washington Bridge were not encased in masonry but were left exposed to reveal their handsome steel structure.问题1选项A.harshB.hoarseC.good-lookingD.flagrant【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：乔治华盛顿大桥的桥塔并没有采用砖石结构，而是直接将塔身暴露在外，显示出它……钢结构。

harsh “严酷的”；hoarse “嘶哑的”；good-looking “好看的，漂亮的”；flagrant “骇人听闻的”。

根据“steel structure”可以推测出handsome的意思是“雄伟的”。

选项C符合题意。

3.单选题I didn’t ignore her（）.I just didn’t recognize her.问题1选项A.attentivelyB.intensivelyC.intentionallyD.intensely【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Mutual trade implies（）advantages.问题1选项A.alliedB.cooperativeC.periodicalD.reciprocal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

allied“联合的；同盟的”；cooperative “合作的；合作社的”；periodical “周期的；定期的”；reciprocal “互惠的；相互的”。

句意：双边贸易意味着互惠的优势。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题Mrs. Black finds that her piano has always had the magic power of taking her away from the grim realities of daily life and（）her to fairyland of her own once she started to play.问题1选项A.transformingB.transportingC.transplantingD.transcending【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

transform “改变，使……变形”；transport “运输；流放;使狂喜"；transplant “移植；移栽；使移居”；transcend “胜过，超越”。

句意：布莱克太太发现只要她一弹钢琴，自己就会被这架有魔法的钢琴从现实世界带入到自己的仙境。

选项B符合题意。

3.单选题Though the subway system of the city has been well-planned for years, its funding is still in the air.问题1选项A.widely spreadingB.totally uncertainC.hysterically unconstraineD.already broadcast【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Among all the changes resulting from the（）entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.问题1选项A.massiveB.quantitativeC.surplusD.formidable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

massive “大量的”；quantitative “数量的，定量的”；surplus“剩余的；过剩的”；formidable “可怕的，令人敬畏的”。

句意：在由于大量女性进入劳动大军而引起的所有变化中，女性自身发生的转变并不是不重要的。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题From the time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicine’s job was simple: to struggle with （）diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain.问题1选项A.immortalB.immuneC.lethalD.toxic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

immortal “长生的，不朽的”；immune “免疫的”；lethal “致命的”；toxic “有毒的”。

句意：从希腊时代到第一次世界大战，医学工作很简单，包括与疾病和严重残疾做斗争；确保婴儿安全出生以及止痛。

选项C符合题意。

3.单选题Although the colonists（） to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians influence on American culture and language was not extensive.问题1选项A.migratedB.matchedC.mingledD.melted【答案】C文化和语言的影响比较少。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题From the time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicine’s job was simple: to struggle with （）diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain.问题1选项A.immortalB.immuneC.lethalD.toxic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

immortal “长生的，不朽的”；immune “免疫的”；lethal “致命的”；toxic “有毒的”。

句意：从希腊时代到第一次世界大战，医学工作很简单，包括与疾病和严重残疾做斗争；确保婴儿安全出生以及止痛。

选项C符合题意。

2.单选题If everybody has arrived the meeting may（）now.问题1选项menceB.criticizementD.conclude【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

commence“开始；着手”；criticize“批评；评论”；comment“发表评论”；conclude“推断；断定”。

句意：如果每个人都到了，那会议就开始了。

选项A符合题意。

3.单选题As ordinary people, scientists are by no means more honest or（）than other people, but as scientist, they attach special value to honest while they are in their working sphere.问题1选项A.ethicalB.ethnicC.aestheticD.esthetic【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Mutual trade implies（）advantages.问题1选项A.alliedB.cooperativeC.periodicalD.reciprocal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

allied“联合的；同盟的”；cooperative “合作的；合作社的”；periodical “周期的；定期的”；reciprocal “互惠的；相互的”。

句意：双边贸易意味着互惠的优势。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题When the opposing player fouled John, John let his anger（）his good sense and hit the boy back.问题1选项A.got the feel ofB.got the hang ofC.got the better ofD.got the worst of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。

get the feel of “开始熟谙；习惯于”；get the hang of “得知……的窍门”；get the better of “打败；战胜”；get the worst of “失利；遭到失败”。

句意：当对方球员对约翰犯规时，约翰让自己的愤怒战胜了自己的理智，他回击了那个男孩。

选项C符合题意。

3.单选题When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall（）in all three.问题1选项A.rareckingC.shortD.scarce【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

题号：212
《俄语一外》
考试大纲
一、考试内容
一）词汇：熟练掌握2000---3000个俄语单词，熟练其常用搭配，在多项选择中能
作出正确的判断。

二）语法：能从形态上识别单词的种类，熟知各种词类在句中的基本
功能。

熟知常见的句子成分，熟悉俄语简单句及复合句的
构成，对复合句中的连接词和关联词能熟练运用。

三）听力：能听写熟悉的语言材料，能听懂与听学课文内容相似的、
难度略低的语言材料，并做出选择
四）阅读：能运用学过的语法和词汇知识正确理解难易适中的原文并
做出相应的选择，阅读速度应达到500词/10分钟。

五）翻译：能把难易适中的课文译成汉语，能把简单的句子译成俄语。

六）写作：能写出内容熟悉的短文，意思连贯、表达完整、文理基本通顺。

二、参考书目
1．《大学俄语》1—2册全部
2．《大学俄语》3册语法部分北京外国语大学与莫斯科普希金俄语学院合编
外语教学与研究出版社，。