英语专业八级阅读理解长难句解析

英语专业八级阅读理解题型分析及应试技巧英语专业八级阅读理解题型分析及应试技巧阅读理解是语言学习中最重要的基本技能之一，阅读是获取语言知识最直接、最有效的方法，阅读能力则是衡量掌握语言综合能力的一项重要标志。

学习阅读，学会阅读，提高英语阅读能力，是最终掌握英语，提高整体英语水平的必由之路。

英语专业八级考试中也设立了阅读理解部分，而且阅读部分在整个考试中占相当大的比重，该部分的得分直接影响到整个考试的成败，因此无论是教师还是考生都对此非常重视。

八级考试中的阅读理解部分主要是依据国家教委批准的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》中对英语阅读教学内容和要求的规定，运用科学的测试手段，检验英语专业学生对于高级英语阅读能力和技巧的掌握，从而检查各有关院校对于大纲规定的教学内容和教学要求的完成和执行情况。

应该说到了准备八级考试的时候，学生已经具备了相当的阅读经验和阅读能力，现在的关键是多做练习，大量阅读，通过阅读来提高阅读水平。

如果还存在一些不良阅读习惯的话，比如用手指着读，默读时出声等等，就应毫不犹豫地痛下功夫去改正。

下面列出了一些常用的阅读技巧，仅作提醒之用。

希望考生能仔细对照自己的情况，尽快改掉不良习惯，以便提高自己的阅读效率。

1.略读略读(skimming)是常用的阅读方法之一，其主要特征是选择性地阅读。

通常的阅读要求看到每一个词，每次注目看1-2个词。

略读不需要看到每一个词，眼睛跳动的频率和幅度都有较大的提高，有时甚至从上一行跳到下一行。

略读不可能使你对所读内容全部了解，但是你能大大地提高阅读速度，也能获得大量的信息。

略读的主要作用是了解文章的大意。

经过略读之后，你对所读内容已经有了大致的了解，再仔细阅读，这时你的印象会更深刻，理解更透彻。

大部分读者不需要正规的训练和指导就可以进行略读。

但是有意识地训练会大大地提高你的略读速度和效率。

进行略读训练的最简单的.方法是强迫自己在规定的时间内读完某一篇文章，开始训练时，可以把略读速度定为平常阅读的5/4倍，以后逐步提高。

八年级英语阅读理解长难句解析与理解能力提升单选题50题1.The beautiful scenery of the mountains and the clear blue sky createa breathtaking view. What does “the beautiful scenery of the mountains” refer to?A.The beautiful people in the mountains.B.The beautiful plants in the mountains.C.The beautiful landscape of the mountains.D.The beautiful animals in the mountains.答案：C。

“the beautiful scenery of the mountains”指的是山的美丽景色，选项A 是山里美丽的人，不符合；选项B 是山里美丽的植物，也不准确；选项C 是山的美丽风景，正确；选项D 是山里美丽的动物，不对。

这里考查对名词性短语“the beautiful scenery of the mountains”的理解，主要是根据上下文和常见搭配来判断。

2.The sound of music and the laughter of children filled the park. What is “the sound of music”?A.The noise of machines.B.The voices of adults.C.The melodies and rhythms of musical instruments.D.The sounds of nature.答案：C。

“the sound of music”是音乐的声音，选项 A 是机器的噪音，不对；选项B 是成年人的声音，不符；选项C 是乐器的旋律和节奏，正确；选项D 是自然的声音，错误。

英语专八中级阅读练习及答案解析英语专八中级阅读练习及答案解析有智慧的人未必先天就很聪明，反而更多的是通过后天毕生的努力。

现在，我们这些正在求学的学生，当中，有很多人是认为自己先天不足，没办法学好，因此悲观泄气，无心向学。

其实，这是大可不必的，只要勤奋努力，希望就在面前。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专八中级阅读练习及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多经常内容请及时关注我们店铺!Passage Eighteen (The Military Is In)Things have really changed.Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting.Recruiters, once denounced by a ntiwar students as “baby killers” and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities.ROTC (Reserve Officer’s Training Corps) programs, that faltered during the Viet Nam era, when protesters were fire bombing their headquarters, are flourishing again.The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications.Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military.Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $60,000 a itary salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available: free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges.Monthly pay for a recruit is $574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years’ service it is $2,305.The services’slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation.Kids are walking down the school hallways chanting ‘Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,’ just like in the commercials.And many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhanced patriotism among the nation’s youth.There is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession.The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over.Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101%of authorized goals.And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.The military academics are also enjoying halcyon years, attracting more and better-qualified pared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth.It is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this year’s freshman itary academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country.Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000,a 64% increase over the 1974 figure.In the mid 70’s, the ROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did.Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice.To them, Viet Nam is ancient history, something the old folks talk about.1.What is the main idea of this passage?[A]The Military is in[B]The Military is up[C]The Military is down[D]The Military is on2.What was the attitude of the students in 1970’s towards the military?[A]Approval.[B]Indifferent.[C]Distaste.[D]Scolding.3.The phrase “come out” is closest in meaning to ___________[A]“become visible”.[B]“begin to grow”.[C]“be made public”.[D]“gain a certain position”.4.Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students.[A]Free tuition.[B]Spacious room.[C]Considerate allowance.[D]Technical training.Vocabulary1.stage a comeback 再度走红，卷土重来2.standing tall 站得高3.babykiller 杀婴犯人4.denounce 谴责5.elite 杰出的，名牌的6.ROTC=Reserve Office’s Training Cope (美)后备军官训练队7.falter 动摇不定，踌躇不前8.flourish 繁荣兴旺9.allure 诱惑e out 进入社交界，扬名11.the wide array 一大批，一大半12.PX=Post Exchange 陆军消费合作社13.sergeant 中士14.major 少校15.slick 聪明的，非常好的，吸引人的16.hallway 门厅，过道17.chant 单调重复的说话(唱歌)18.miscreant 无赖，恶棍19.retention rate 继续服役率，服役期满不退役的比例20.real bargain 好买卖，十分划算难句译注1.The services’ slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation.[结构简析] 句子的主语是campaign.这里指大规模的广告(advertising campaign)。

英语专业八级阅读考点解析Introduction:The English Proficiency Test for English Majors Level 8 (TEM-8) is a widely recognized examination in China that measures the English proficiency of students majoring in English. One of the key components of this test is the reading section. In this article, we will analyze the essential reading points that students should focus on to excel in the TEM-8 examination.1. Vocabulary:Vocabulary is a fundamental aspect of reading comprehension. To master the reading section, candidates need to have a strong command of both general and specialized vocabulary. Paying attention to word formation, collocations, synonyms, and antonyms will help improve vocabulary proficiency. Additionally, building a solid foundation of academic vocabulary is crucial for understanding complex texts.2. Reading Techniques:Developing effective reading techniques is essential for comprehending and analyzing academic texts within a limited timeframe. Skimming, scanning, and critical reading are three predominant techniques worth mastering. Skimming helps to quickly grasp the main idea and structure of a text, while scanning facilitates locating specific information. Critical reading involves analyzing the author's argument, tone, and logical reasoning.3. Inference and Deduction:TEM-8 emphasizes the ability to draw inferences and deductions from the given text, making it important for candidates to develop critical thinking skills. Identifying implicit information, making logical connections between sentences and paragraphs, and understanding the writer's intentions are crucial in finding the implied meaning. Practicing with various types of texts can significantly enhance these skills.4. Text Structure:Understanding the organization and structure of different types of texts is pivotal in comprehending academic readings. Familiarity with typical structures such as cause and effect, compare and contrast, and problem and solution can aid in quickly identifying the main ideas and supporting details. Recognizing transitional words and phrases, as well as understanding paragraph coherence, will enhance overall comprehension.5. Contextual Clues:Strong reading comprehension also relies on the ability to use contextual clues to infer the meaning of unfamiliar words or phrases. Recognizing the relationship between words and their surrounding context can help determine the intended meaning. Additionally, paying attention to cohesive devices such as pronouns, synonyms, and conjunctions can assist in comprehending the logical flow of the text.6. Time Management:As the TEM-8 reading section has a strict time limit, effective time management is vital. Candidates should practice completing reading passages within the allocated timeframe, ensuring they allocate sufficienttime for each question. By improving reading speed without compromising comprehension, test-takers can maximize their overall performance.Conclusion:In conclusion, achieving success in the TEM-8 reading section requires a combination of vocabulary mastery, effective reading techniques, inference and deduction skills, understanding of text structures, utilization of contextual clues, and efficient time management. By focusing on these key areas and practicing with a variety of texts, English majors can enhance their reading proficiency and improve their performance in the TEM-8 examination.。

专八英语阅读长难句分析专八英语阅读长难句分析精选引导语：应届毕业生培训网为大家整理英语专业八级考试阅读长难句分析精选，希望能对大家有所帮助。

1. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. (1994. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】尽管一些男人喜欢孩子且有大量与孩子相处的经验，但是很多父亲不会对孩子表示特别的关心，也很少与孩子相处。

【析句】本句的主干由主句和although引导的让步状语从句构成，主句others do not particlularly care for……and spend……, although引导的让步状语从句中，主句there are some men,who lie children and may have……为定语从句修饰some men。

2. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother's role. (1994. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】一些作家认为，尽管男人成为父亲这一角色的转变十分困难，却比不上妻子变成母亲的角色转变大。

【析句】主句It is argued by……that,it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主句从句，也是本复合句的重点。

主句从句中，主句为the transition to the father's role is not as great as the transition……,运用了as……as……的否定形式。

英语专业八级测试中英语长难句的处理【摘要】阅读理解在英语专业八级测试中是比重较大，难度较强的一部分，而阅读理解的难度很大程度上体现在对英语长难句的理解和测试。

针对英语长难句的结构和特征，结构分析法应运而生。

其致力于英语长句结构的分析和处理，简化英语长句，理清句子层次，分辨意群关系并综合理解语意。

本文尝试在英语专业八级阅读理解测试中应用结构分析法处理阅读理解中的三类主要题型：细节题、推理题和主旨题以达到对语篇的有效理解，提高英语专八的应试能力。

【关键词】英语专业八级阅读理解测试；结构分析法；英语长句【Abstract】Reading comprehension is high-proportioned and difficult part in TEM8 tests. And the difficulty is largely demonstrated in the understanding and testing of long English sentences. The method of structural analysis comes out according to the structure and features of long English sentences. It works at the analysis and treatment the structures of long English sentences，simplifying long English sentences，sorting out sentence levels，identifying relations between meaning units and achieving a comprehensive understanding of the sentences. This paper is to apply the method of structure analysis in the reading comprehension in TEM8 tests to deal with the three main types of questions：questions on details，questions of reasoning and questions on the main idea of the passage in order to achieave an effective comprehension of the discourse and improve students’examination skills in TEM8 tests.【Key words】Reading comprehension in TEM8 tests；The method of structure analysis；Long English sentences0 引言本文系绍兴市教育科学2013年规划课题“TEM8考试中英语长难句的理解及翻译研究”（SGJ13058）的研究成果之一，展示英语专业八级测试中英语长难句的处理方法。

专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句英译汉——长难句子结构分析经典50句子1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解，希望能给大家带来帮助!The Result of the Falling US DollarLike a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved.Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall.Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in another’s competitiveness.Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurtplummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy.Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments—especially the government bond market. The money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes—and U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally.Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S. Congress,” says Dr. Cline, “And there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.”1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A] The impression of the falling U.S. dollar.[B] The result of the U.S. falling dollar.[C] The side effect of U.S. falling dollar.[D] Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar.2. What does the word “rally” mean.[A] prosperity. [B] decline. [C] richness. [D] import.3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar?[A] Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries.[B] Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.[C] Because it may do damage to their trade.[D] Because it may make Japanese company less competitive.4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen?[A] The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear.[B] The U.S. economy might face serious problems.[C] Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.[D] Inflation could flare up.答案详解：1. B. 美元下跌的结果。

英语专业八级阅读真题解析Section 1: Passage AnalysisIn this section, we will analyze the main points and ideas presented in the given passage.Section 2: Vocabulary and PhrasesNext, we will explore the vocabulary and phrases used in the passage. This section aims to provide a better understanding of the text.Section 3: Grammar and SyntaxIn this section, we will focus on the grammatical structures and sentence patterns used throughout the reading passage. Understanding these aspects will help improve comprehension and language proficiency.Section 4: Inference and DeductionHere, we will analyze the author's intentions and make deductions based on the information provided in the passage. This section aims to enhance critical thinking skills.Section 5: Organization and CoherenceThis section will examine the overall organization and coherence of the passage. We will discuss how the ideas are presented and connected to ensure a smooth flow of information.Section 6: Cultural and Historical ContextNext, we will explore any cultural or historical references mentioned in the passage. Understanding the context will contribute to a deeper comprehension of the text.Section 7: Summary and ConclusionFinally, we will summarize the key points discussed in the passage and draw a conclusion based on the information provided. This section aims to consolidate the main ideas presented.Please note that the above sections are just an example of how this article can be structured. You can adjust the format and headings based on your specific requirements. Remember to maintain a clean and visually appealing layout throughout the article.。

2018专八真题阅读理解第三篇难点注释1 wholesale district批发商业区2. contemplate 沉思 / `kɑntəm,pleɪt /3. imposing使印象深刻的4. conscious of意识到5. gaze upon凝视，注视6. wage-seeker求职者7. conspicuity显而易见的特性/ˌkän(t)-spə-'kyü-ə-tē/8. indefinable不能解释的9. spy秘密仔细地寻找或观察某物10. assume an air of indeference摆出漠不关心的样子11. one upon an errand差事缠身的人12. wholesale house批发商行13. glance in 此指往商行里瞥一眼14. block街区15. a little way on往前走不远16. ornament装饰17. brass sign铜招牌18. a vast hive of-- [haɪv]一大片繁忙的地方19. cross over过马路20. screw up one's courage鼓起勇气21. a score of 20个，约20个22. desired 渴望的23. clerk suit店员服，工服，制服24. fumble摸索25. watch-chain表链26. concern公司; 生意27. look in her direction朝她的方向看28. misgive使忧虑 /mɪsˈɡɪv/29. uproar喧嚣/ `ʌp,rɔr /30. novelty新鲜, 新奇31. wear away磨损；消磨32. over the way 街对面；路对面33. dry goods纺织品34. wholesale dry goods concern纺织品批发公司35. no matter what不管什么，无论什么36. telegraph messenger电报投递员37. dash猛冲,急奔38. up 冲上v.39. grace修饰或装扮v.40. pedestrian行人41. throng人群42. sidewalk人行道：沿着街道侧边铺砌的走道43. retreat退却44. tell--vi. To have an effect or impact:产生效果或影响45. tell sadly upon her nerves令她沮丧46. inquiringly好奇地; 探询地 /ɪnˈkwaɪə.rɪŋ.li/47. mechanically机械地48. make a flight 迅速离开49. tire疲劳50. flagging石板路51. shady成荫的52. cowardice / `kaʊərdɪs /胆怯53. resolve 决定54. hunt up搜索55. plate window玻璃窗56. executive department主管部门,行政部门57. enclosed封闭的58. frosted glass毛玻璃59. enclosure围墙,圈起60. ledger分类帐61. institution机构62. gather courage鼓起勇气63. falter蹒跚/ ˈfɔːltə(r);64. screen door纱门65. stammer 口吃,结巴66. back out退出67. awkwardly尴尬地68. relieved感到宽慰的; 感到安心的69. venture不顾一切70. in evidence明显的71. confer协商 / kən`fɜr /72. break off突然停止73. abruptly无理的，唐突的[ə'brʌptlɪ]74. turn up one's heel突然转身走开,突然离去75. deferentially谦恭地；表示敬意地/,dɛfə'rɛnʃəli/76. swing使某物转向77. sink淹没78. obscure躲藏/əb'skjʊə/79. setback挫折。

2018英语专业八级阅读理解长难句解析英语专业八级阅读理解难点为词汇及长难句的理解，希望大家通过一段时间的坚持提升拆分解读长难句的能力，争取攻克专八阅读30分。

If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition —wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny — must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.译文：如果雄心壮志得到人们足够重视的话，那么它的.回报——财富、声誉、对命运的掌握——则都使人们认为是值得去为之付出代价的。

分析：此句包含一个if引导的条件状语从句If ambition is to be well regarded，主句的主语是the rewards of ambition，谓语是must be deemed，而wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny既是插入语，又是the rewards的同位语。

made on ambition's behalf是the sacrifices的补语。

【词汇指南】well[wel](adv.)很好地;相当地,很(n.)水井()(该词与汉语“完好”发音极其接近——即“很好地;相当地”。

而该词之所以还表示“水井”，是因为“水”就是最好的东西、乃生命之源。

因此从某种程度上来说，“well-水井”演变自“water-水”。

)考点搭配：as well 也well regarded 受欢迎的，受好评的less well educated 未受过良好教育的well-orchestrated 精心策划reward [ri'w?:d](n.)报酬,奖金(vt.)报偿,酬谢;奖励(re-回，ward=award-奖品→企业为“回”报工人而“奖给”的东西——即“报酬,奖金”，引申为“报偿,酬谢;奖励”。

2023专业八级解析一、听力部分听力一直是专八考试里让人又爱又恨的部分呢。

这部分的语速啊，就像小火箭一样，蹭蹭的。

而且里面的词汇量也超大，各种高大上的词汇都冒出来了。

有些连读和弱读，真的是让人很头大。

就像我在考场上的时候，听到那些复杂的单词和超快的语速，心里就直打鼓。

不过呢，要是平时多听听BBC、CNN之类的新闻，还有那些经典的英语演讲，比如马丁·路德·金的我有一个梦想，对提高听力还是很有帮助的。

而且啊，多做一些听力练习，熟悉各种题型，像选择题、填空题之类的，在考场上就会淡定很多啦。

二、阅读部分阅读部分那可是专八的重头戏。

文章又长又难，感觉就像在看天书一样。

好多生词，一篇文章里能有好几十个不认识的单词。

但是呢，这也考验咱们的猜词能力啦。

有些时候，根据上下文就能猜出单词的大概意思。

还有就是阅读的速度很重要，要是在一篇文章上磨蹭太久，后面的题就做不完了。

我自己的小窍门就是先看题目，然后带着问题去读文章，这样能更有针对性。

而且要学会略读和精读相结合，不重要的部分略读，关键的部分精读。

比如说一些表示转折、因果关系的句子，往往就是答案的关键所在。

三、改错部分改错这部分可真是个“小恶魔”。

语法、词汇、逻辑，啥都考。

有时候你觉得这个句子读起来怪怪的，但是就是找不出错误在哪里。

我就经常在这部分栽跟头。

不过呢，这也说明咱们语法知识还是不够扎实。

像一些常见的语法错误，比如主谓一致、时态错误、词性误用之类的，一定要好好复习。

而且要养成细心的习惯，一个单词一个单词地去检查。

不能走马观花，不然很容易就错过错误点了。

四、翻译部分翻译可就更难啦。

中译英的时候，要把中文那种韵味用英语准确地表达出来，真的不容易。

比如说一些古诗词的翻译，那简直就是“地狱难度”。

英译中呢，有些长难句，要把它拆分开来，理解清楚句子结构才能翻译得准确。

我记得我在准备这部分的时候，就找了很多经典的翻译作品来看，学习人家的翻译技巧。

像增词法、减词法、词性转换法之类的，用好了就能让翻译变得更通顺。

英语专业八级考试阅读理解试题带答案Cryptic ColoringCryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. It is employed for the purpose of attack (aggressive resemblance or anticryptic coloring ) as well as of defense (protective resemblance or procryptic coloring ). The fact that the same method concealment, may be used both for attack and defense has beenwell explained by T.Belt who suggests as an illustration the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations.Cryptic coloring is commonly associated with other aids in the struggle for life. Thus well-concealed mammals and birds, when discovered, will generally endeavor to escape by speed and will often attempt to defend themselves actively. On the other hand, small animals which have no means of active defense, such as large, numbers of insects, frequently depend upon concealment alone. Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey. In the case of insectivorous Vertebrata and their prey such differences exist in an exaggerated form.Cryptic coloring, whether used for defense of attack, may be either general or special. In general resemblance the animal, in consequence of its coloring, produces the same effect as its environment, but the conditions do not require any special adaptation of shape and outline. General resemblance is especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earth’s surface, such as an ocean or a desert. In the former, animals of all shapes are frequently protected by their transparent blue color, on the latter, equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance. The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast. Thus the black and white stripes of the zebra blend together at a little distance, and “their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.” Special resemblance is far commoner than general and is theform which is usually met with on the diversified surface of the earth, on the shores, and in shallow water, as well as on the floating massesof algae on the surface of the ocean, such as the Sargasso Sea. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes. Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized, and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected.In special resemblance the combination of coloring, shape, and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment, such as a leaf of twig, a patchof lichen, a flake of bark. In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to the enemy or prey respectively. The animal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance, but it is mistaken for some well-know object.seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations, attempts have been made along two lines. Thefirst seeks to explain the effect as a result of the direct influence of the environment upon the individual (G.L.L.Buffon), or by the inherited effects of efforts and the use and disuse of parts (marck). The second believes that natural selection produced the result andafterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in each generation.The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires thecooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude. The latter is instinctive and thus dependson the central nervous system. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory ofnatural selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival. A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described. The colors of large numbers of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and become gradually lighter on the sides, passing into white on the belly. Abbot H.Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity, which is due to shadow.The color harmony, which is also essential to concealment, is produced because the back is of the same tint as the environment (e. g. earth), bathed in the cold blue-white of the sky, while the belly, being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects. This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E.B.Poulton in the case of a larva and a pupa, but he did not appreciate the great importance of the principle. In an analogous method an animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint, the remainder resembling, e.g., a part of a leaf. This method of rendering invisible any part which would interfere with the resemblance is well know in mimicry.1. The black and white stripes of the zebra are most useful form[A] hunters. [B] nocturnal predators[C] lions and tigers. [C] insectivorous Vertrbrata2. Aggressive resemblance occurs when[A] a predaceous attitude is assumed.[B] special resemblance is utilized.[C] an animal relies on speed.[D] an animal blends in with its background.3. Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that the animal relies on[A] its ability to frighten its adversary. [B] speed.[C] its ability to assume an attitude. [D] mistaken identify4. The title below that best expresses the ides of this passage is[A] Cryptic coloration for Protection. [B] How Animals Survive.[C] The uses of Mimicry in Nature. [D] Resemblances of Animals.5. Of the following which is the least common?[A] protective resemblance. [B] General resemblance.[C] Aggressive resemblance. [D] Special resemblance.答案详解：1. B. 夜间活动的`食肉动物。

专业英语八级阅读难句解析2017年专业英语八级阅读难句解析在进行的每个考试中考前备考都是至关重要的，下面，是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年专业英语八级阅读难句解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)分析主干：distance learning signifies a course1.句首While 引导状语从句，有让步、对比之意。

2.in which 引导定语从句修饰a course，该从句本身是and 连接两个分句构成的并列结构，两个分句分别讲到有关老师和学生的情况。

post... on Websites 结构中，post 含有3 个宾语。

译文：虽然网络课程提供的教学形式会各不相同，但远程学习通常都表现为这样一种课程：教师将课程大纲、阅读作业及课程进度安排在网站上公布，学生通过电子邮件提交作业。

The I SO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on pro duct packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)分析主干院The standards ban claims本句只含一个原因状语从句，结构上较为简单。

专八长难句-forstudents2013年专八真题阅读长难句分析TEXT A1.Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. (Para.1)2.The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media. (Para.1)3.And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. (Para.4)4.And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. (Para.5)TEXT B1. More than this, Paris is like many other European cities in that the season of blockbuster cultural events tends to begin in mid- to late fall and so, by the time of winter, most of the cultural treasures of the city are laid out to be admired. (Para.3)2. The other great reason why Paris in winter is so much better than Paris in spring and fall is that after the end of the August holidays and the return of chic Parisian women to their city, the restaurant-opening season truly begins hopping. (Para.4)3. By winter, many of the new restaurants have worked outtheir kinks（不足，困难）and, once the hype has died down, it is possible to see which restaurants are actually good and which are merely noisy and crowded. (Para.4)4. I think it was this moment of protectiveness that marked the change in my mood and my slowly becoming thrilled with being in Paris. (Para. 6)TEXT C1.As smooth as an Olympic swimsuit and honed to aerodynamic perfection, each blade weighs in at7,000 kg, and they’re what help make Vestas’turbines the best in the world. (Para.1)2. Energy taxes were channeled into research centres, where engineers crafted designs that wouldeventually produce cutting-edge giants like Vestas’3-magawatt (MW) V90 turbine. (Para.2)3. The country gets more than 19% of its electricity from the breeze (Spain and Portugal, the next highest countries, get about 10%) and Danish companies control one-third of the global wind market, earning billions in exports and creating a national champion from scratch. (Para.3)4.With Copenhagen set to host all-important U.N. climate change talks in December—where the world hopes for a successor to the expiring Kyoto Protocol—and the global recession beginning to hit environmental plans in capitals everywhere, Denmark’s example couldn’t be more timely. (Para.4)5.Buffeted by the same supply shocks that hit the rest of the developed world, Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation, to the point of introducing car-free Sundays and asking businesses to switch off lights during closing hours.(Para.5)TEXT D1. Maybe she hoped this little amenity would slow the growing inclination of women to stretch each haircut to last four months while nursing our hair back to whatever natural colour we long ago forgot. (Para.1)2. When I called my husband to ask him to check some specs online, the salesman offered a pre-emptive discount, lest the surfing turn up the same model cheaper in another store. (Para.2)3. When the mechanic calls to tell you that brakes and a timing belt and other services will runclose to $2,000, it’s time to break out the newly perfected art of the considered pause. (Para.3)4. Restaurants are also caught in a fit of ardent hospitality, especially around Wall Street: Trinity Placeoffers $3 drinks at happy hour any day the market goes down, with the slogan “Market tanked? Get tanked!”—which ensuresa lively crowd for the closing bell. (Para.4)5. There’s a chance that eventually we’ll return all this kindness with the extravagant spending that was once decried but now everyone is hoping will restart the economy. (Para.5) 2012年专八真题阅读长难句分析TEXT A1. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the “Green Blue Book”by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actionsfactored in. (Para.3)2. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counteruppers and downers—coffee, wine and beer—I’m using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself. (Para.7)3. I’m hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of waterflowing from my faucets each day. (Para.9)4. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets. (Para.9) TEXT B1. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. (Para.3)2. Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. (Para.5)3. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers. (Para.6)4. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond—for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious—tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions.(Para.9)TEXT C1. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked ina change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block afterGeorge’s, above a shoe repair store. (Para.1)2. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. (Para.2)3. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. (Para.17)4. His father was too shy to say anything about it—he was never much of a talker in his whole life—but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him. (Para.17) TEXT D1. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol’sNational Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach-in”honouring his memory. (Para.1)2. Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted—and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements isslipping away. (Para.2)3. But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are. (Para.5)4. The statue in Richmond was indeed small；like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic—approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to. (Para.10)。

英语专业八级考试阅读理解练习In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other's problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. "Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violence say, "all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser." It's rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. "Possible, my lord," the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far better informed." Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1. What is the best title for this passageAAdvocating Violence.B Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2. Recorded history has taught usA violence never solves anything.B nothing.C the bloodshed means nothing.D everything.3. It can be inferred that truly reasonable menA can't get a hearing.B are looked down upon.C are persecuted.D Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4. "He was none the wiser" meansA he was not at all wise in listening.B He was not at all wiser than nothing before.C He gains nothing after listening.D He makes no sense of the argument.5. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice isA law enforcement.B knowledge.C nonviolence.D Mopping up the violent mess.难句译注：1.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.结构简析when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时;参考译文真正令人可怖的,令人绝望的是,在关键时刻,人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进;2.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. 结构简析in the wake of 在…之后;参考译文由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子,我们的力量因此削弱了;3.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.结构简析none + the + 比较级;固定用法,义：not at all 一点儿也不;EX: After the treatment, he is none the better.治疗后,他并没有因此见好,一点儿也不见好;参考译文听了律师的长篇解释,法官抱怨说他一无所获,并不因此变得聪明些;4. Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom.参考译文知识是智慧的必要的先决条件;结合上下文这里意思是：了解情况是解决问题的先决条件;句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行;答案详解：1.B 暴力难以消除种族偏见;文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重,而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法;白人采用暴力镇压,黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗;而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力,似乎这是一种合法的解决方案;作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面――衣饰等,人类的本能没有改变;整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西;这是真正令人可怕的事件;第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制,人们不停;他们反而收到轻视、迫害;作者就此提出假设,答出真正的解决方案嗜法制,以法治理;第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提,即使暴力者不同意,但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶,是智慧聪明的必要前提;A.鼓吹暴力;C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案;D. 人类的本性是嗜暴性;2.B没有什么;第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录,一点都没有教给我们任何东西;A.暴力解决不了任何事情;C.杀戮流血没有任何意义;D.一切;3.D在鼓吹法制方面有困难;答案在第二段,真正有理智的人鼓吹法制,遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害;他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难;A.人们不听;B.遭人轻视;C.遭人迫害;这三项都包含在D项内;4.C听后无所得;None the wiser一点也不比以前聪明这是按字面翻译;实际就是C项;A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明;B.他和以前一个样;D.他听不懂论点;5.A法制;第二段最后一句,如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作,真正的持久的解决总是能实现的;第二段第二句,他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事;B.知识;C.非暴力;D.处理暴力带来的混乱;The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you'd expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other's countries at a moderate cost. What was once the 'grand tour', reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody's grasp The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn't have dreamed of. But what's the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each otherMany tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own； and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire： are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don't see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives： musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, 'Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites' of that 'Latin peoples shout a lot'. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent youCarried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact〞how trite it sounds 每 That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.1. The best title for this passage isA Tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.B Tourism is tiresome.C Conducted tour is dull.D Tourism really does something to one's country.2. What is the author's attitude toward tourismA apprehensive. Bnegative. C critical. D appreciative.3. Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lotA silent.B noisy.C lively.D active.4. The purpose of the author's criticism is to point outA conducted tour is disappointing.Bthe way of touring should be changed.C when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.D national stereotypes should be changed.5. What is 'grand tour' nowA moderate cost.Blocal sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.C people enjoy the first-rate comforts.D everybody can enjoy the 'grand tour';答案详解1.A 旅游对增进民族了解毫无建树;第二段开始点出,许多旅游组织直接负责旅游事宜,他们有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民,让他们过着一种关怀备至又与世隔绝的生活;住的是国际饭店,吃的是国际食品,喝的是国际饮料,在原处观看当地居民;严格有序的计划使旅游者难以自己一人闲逛,语言的障碍,又使他们乐意接受保护;第三段涉及坚持民族模式化――老一套的想法,所以一开始旅游,你见到的民族特性就只是证实了你自己设想的基本事实――所有人民都是人类;只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒谬、有害,可是旅行社竭力制止,你又怎么能交上外国朋友呢这一切说明A项对;B.旅游很累;C.导游观光很单调乏味;D.旅游确实对国家有贡献;2.C 批评;3.B 吵吵闹闹的;4.B 旅游的方式应改变;整篇文章除第一段外都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评;第二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触;第三段,见到的只是证实了旅游者本人事先形成的思想/先入之见,旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的;第四段讲了民族固定模式先入之见的模式的可怕后果;要使人懂得所有的人们都是人类,彼此相似,又各具特点,就得改变旅游的方式;A.导游观光令人失望;C.旅游时,你见到的特性证实了你的先入之见;D.民族模式应当改变;这三条都是批评的具体内容;5.D 人人都能享受大旅游;大旅行是专指英国富家子弟上学中的一门课程－到欧洲大陆观光;不是人人都能享受;这里用grand tour表示人人都能享受类似 grand tour的一切,甚至超过,如第一段指出：现代旅游者享受的舒适设施,达到了大旅行中老爷、小姐们做梦都没有想到的水平;海陆空高级交流联络通讯系统,使人们有可能钱花得不多就能访问、观光别的国家;所以说,曾是有钱人专享的大旅行,普通人也能领略;“grand tour”有引号,表明作为比喻;A.费用不高;文内是费用合适、中等、恰当;B.当地观光受组织审查;C.人们喜欢一流舒适设施;California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another.People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States outside Alaska is in California, and so is the lowest point including Alaska; Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles.California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all： they are dried up lake beds.In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.26. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United StatesA. Lake TulainyoB. Mojave desertC. Death ValleyD. The Salton Sea27. Where is the highest point in the United States locatedA. Lake Tahoe.B. Sierra Nevada.C. Mount Whitney.D. Alaska.28. How far away is Death Valley from Mount WhitneyA. About 3 miles.B. Only 100 miles.C. 282 feet.D. 14,494 feet.29. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of BakersfieldA. The Pacific Ocean.B. San Joaquin Valley.C. Mojave Desert.D. Oregon and Washington.30. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrastA. The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.B. It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.C. Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.D. Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.答案及解析：26. C 这是一道细节题;根据第三段所给的海拔高度,可知美国最低点在death valley.27. D 此题很容易误选为C,这是因为第三段提到Mount Whitney的海拔高度；但是要注意此段第二句提到美国最高点时在括号中补充说明这个最高点是在 Alaska以外的;这就说明美国的海拔最高点不是Mount Whitney,而是位于Alaska.28. B 这是一道细节题;根据第三段可找出答案;29. D 根据第二段可知答案;30. C 文中说加利福尼亚是一个地貌多样,富于变化的地方,而选项C是一个最突出的例子;。

2016英语专业八级阅读理解练习及答案详解（4）Equality of OpportunityThese days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy’ read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they willeducate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A] Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.[B] Equality means money.[C] There is no such society as classless society.[D] Nature can’t give you a classless society.2. According to the author, the same educational opportunities can’t get rid of inequality because[A] the principle ‘survival of the fittest’ exists.[B] Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.[C] Material rewards are for genuine ability.[D] People have the freedom how to educate their children.3. Who can obtain more rapid success[A] those with wealth.[B] Those with the best brains.[C] Those with the best opportunities.[D] Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.4. Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because[A] money decides everything.[B] Private schools offer advantages over state schools.[C] People are free to choose the way of educating their children.[D] Wealth is used for political ends.5. According to the author, ‘class divisions’ refers to[A] the rich and the poor.[B] Different opportunities for people.[C] Oppressor and the oppressed.[D] Genius and stupidity.答案详解：1. A 二十世纪平等的机遇并没有摧毁阶级。