(完整版)国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)

《国际经济学》（双语）试卷1参考答案Ⅰ. Explain the following terms (30 points, 3 points/term)parative advantage:A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries(3 points).2.Specific factors model: It assumes an economy that produces two goods and the labor is a mobile factor that can move between sectors, other factors are assumed to be specific, that is, they can be used only in the production of particular goods(3 points).3．Heckscher-Ohlin theory: it is also referred to as the factor-proportions theory, the theory emphasizes the interplay between the proportions in which different factors of production are available in different countries and the proportions in which they are used in producing different goods(3 points).4.Leontief paradox: the United States would be an exporter of capital-intensive goods and an importer of labor-intensive goods. Surprisingly, however, this was not the case, the economist Leontief found that U.S. exports were less capital-intensive than U.S. imports. This result is known as the Leontief paradox. It is the single biggest piece of evidence against the factor-proportions theory(3 points).5.Official international reserves: Official international reserves are foreign assets held by central banks as a cushion against national economic misfortune. At one time official reserves consisted largely of gold, but today central banks' reserves include substantial foreign financial assets, particularly U.S. dollar assets such as Treasury bills(3 points).6.The official settlements balance: the official settlements balance or the balance of payments. This balance is the sum of the current account balance, the capital account balance, the nonreserve portion of the financial account balance, and the statistical discrepancy, and it indicates the payments gap that official reserve transactions need to cover(3 points).7.Foreign exchange option: A foreign exchange option gives its owner the right to buy or sell a specified amount of foreign currency at a specified price at any time up to a specified expiration date. The other party to the deal, the option's seller, is required to sell or buy the foreign currency at the discretion of the option's owner, who is under no obligation to exercise his right(3 points).8.Interest parity condition: The condition that the expected returns on deposits of any twocurrencies are equal when measured in the same currency is called the interestparity condition. It implies that potential holders of foreign currency deposits view them all as equally desirable assets.9.Fisher effect: This long-run relationship between inflation and interest rates is called the Fisher effect. Fisher effect tells us that all else equal, a rise in a country's expected inflation rate will eventually cause an equal rise in the interest rate that deposits of its currency offer. Similarly, a fall in the expected inflation rate will eventually cause a fall in the interest rate(3 points).10.Long run analysis: The long run analysis of an economic event allows for the complete adjustment of the price level (which may take a long time) and for full employment of all factors of production(3 points).II. Single-Choice Questions（15 points, 1.5points/Question）1. b2. d3. c4. a5. b6. a7. d8. a9. c 10. aⅢ.Questions and problems（40 points, 8 points/Question）1.What are the three types of international transaction recorded in the balance of payments(8 points)?Answer: the three types of international transactions are current account, financial account and capital account(3 points). Transactions that involve the export or import of goods or services and therefore enter directly into the current account. Transactions that involve the purchase or sale of financial assets. An asset is any one of the forms in which wealth can be held, such as money, stocks, factories, or government debt. The financial account of the balance of payments records all international purchases or sales of financial assets. Certain other activities resulting in transfers of wealth between countries are recorded in the capital account(5 points).2. In the United States where land is cheap, the ratio of land to labor used in cattle rising is higher than that of land used in wheat growing. But in more crowded countries, where land is expensive and labor is cheap, it is common to raise cows by using less land and more labor than Americans use to grow wheat. Can we still say that raising cattle is land intensive compared with farming wheat? Why or why not(8 points)?Answer: The definition of cattle growing as land intensive depends on the ratio of land to labor used in production, not on the ratio of land or labor to output(3 points). The ratio of land to labor in cattle exceeds the ratio in wheat in the United States, implying cattle is land intensive in the United States. Cattle is land intensive in other countries too if the ratio of land to labor in cattle production exceeds the ratio in wheat production in that country. The comparison between another country and the United States is less relevant for answering the question(5 points).3. Suppose the dollar interest rate and the pound sterling interest rate are the same, 5 percent per year. What is the relation between the current equilibrium $/£ exchange rate and its expected future level? Suppose the expected future $/£ exchange rate, $1.52 per pound, remains constant as Britain's interest rate rises to 10 percent per year. If the U.S. interest rate also remains constant, what is the new equilibrium$/£ exchange rate(8 points)?Answer: The current equilibrium exchange rate must equal its expected future level since, with equality of nominal interest rates, there can be no expected increase or decrease in the dollar/pound exchange rate in equilibrium(3 points). If the expected exchange rate remains at $1.52 per pound and the pound interest rate rises to 10 percent, then interest parity is satisfied only if the current exchange rate changes such that there is an expected appreciation of the dollar equal to 5 percent. This will occur when the exchange rate rises to $1.60 per pound (a depreciation of the dollar against the pound) (5 points).4. What are the real exchange rate and nominal exchange rate, and their differences(8 points)?Answer: the real exchange rate is the relative price of two output baskets, nominal exchange rate is the relative price of two currencies(3 points).The real exchange rate between two countries' currencies is a broad summary measure of the prices of one country's goods and services relative to the other's. the prediction of PPP is that real exchange rates never change, at least not permanently. Real exchange rates are defined, however, in terms of nominal exchange rates and price levels(5 points).5:Give a example to explain foreign exchange swap(8 points).Answer: foreign exchange swap is a spot sale of a currency combined with a forward repurchase of the currency(3 points). For example, a multinational company has just received $1 million from sales and knows it will have to pay those dollars to a California supplier in three months. The company's asset-management department would meanwhile like to invest the $1 million in Swiss francs. A three-month swap of dollars into Swiss francs may result in lower brokers' fees than the two separate transactions of selling dollars for spot Swiss francs and selling the Swiss francs for dollars on the forward market(5 points).Ⅳ.An economy can produce good 1 using labor and capital and good 2 using labor and land. The total supply of labor is 100 units.The marginal product of labor production are70 0.69 0.49 800.66 0.46 900.63 0.43 1000.60 0.40Questions: a. Suppose that the price of good 2 relative to that of good 1 is 2. Determine graphically the wage rate and the allocation of labor between the two sectors (5 points).b. Suppose that the relative price of good 2 falls to 1. Determine the wage rate and the allocation of labor between the two sectors (5 points).c. Calculate the effects of the price change on the income of the specific factors in sectors 1 and 2(5 points).Answer: a. With the assumption that labor is freely mobile between sectors, it will move from the low-wage sector to the high-wage sector until wages are equalized. So in equilibrium, the wage rate is equal to the value of labor ’s marginal product.2/122211=⨯=⨯P P P MPL P MPLThe abscissa of point of intersection illustrated above should be at L1=30. The labor allocation between the sectors is L1=30 and L2=70. The wage rate is 0.98(5 points). b. The relative decline in the price of good 2 caused labor to be reallocated: labor is drawn out of production of good 2 and enters production of good 1 (Ｌ1=60, L2=40). And the wage rate is equal to 0.74(5 points).c. With the relative price change from P2/P1=2 to P2/P1=1, the price of good 2 has fallen by 50 percent, while the price of good 1 has stayed the same. Wages have fallen too, but by less than the fall in P2 (wages fell approximately 25 percent). Thus, the real wage relative to P2 actually rises while real wage relative to P1 falls. Hence, to determine the welfare consequence for workers, the information about their consumption shares of good 1 and good 2 is needed(5 points).。

【国际经济学】英文题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is larger A. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above 8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above 9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?A. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome:*A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety: A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit U.S. importers*B. benefits U.S. exportersC. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative Advantage Multiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nation B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true?A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope dB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo difference in:n a difference A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的？现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？比较优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的？Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s i ncreasing increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above 7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above. 8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation?*A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py 9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeequilibr A. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at e quilibr iumequilibri B. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at e quilibri umC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of Trade Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correct? A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not the equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier an d indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves*D. all of the above 8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analy sis?A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price with tradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all ma rkets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the tradepartner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodity C. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory Multiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:*A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w 7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a diffe rence in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above 8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:A. technology*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes 9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:A. relative but not absolute factor pricesB. absolute but not relative factor prices*C. both relative and absolute factor pricesD. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:A. reduce international differences in per capita incomesB. increases international differences in per capita incomes*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. production in both nationsB. consumption in both nationsC. trade between the two nations*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model b ecause because it deals with:A. two nationsB. two commoditiesC. two factors of production*D. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted without reservations*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factors B. the same K/L ratioC. technologically-fixed factor proportionsD. equal elasticity of substitution of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T radeMultiple-Choice Questions:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:A. leads to rejection of the theoryB. leaves the theory unaffected*C. requires complementary trade theoriesD. any of the above.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, leav ethe theory unaffected? t he A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both nations use the same technologyC. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations*D. all of the aboveWhich of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories? r equire *A. Economies of scaleB. incomplete specializationC. similar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of transportation costsInternational trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have ide ntical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. technology*D. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated productsC. is based on monopolistic competition*D. all of the above6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:A. among industrial countriesB. between developed and developing countriesC. in industrial goods*D. all of the aboveThe theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market e xistswas advanced by: w as *A. LinderB. VernonC. LeontiefD. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:A. because products are homogeneous*B. in order to take advantage of economies of scaleC. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationD. all of the aboveIf a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intra- i ndustry industry (T) index is equal to:A. 1.00B. 0.75*C. 0.50D. 0.2510. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:A. the H-O theory*B. the product-cycle theoryC. Linder's theoryD. all of the above11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theor y?A. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countriesB. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesC. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to less advanced countries*D. all of the above12. Transport costs:A. increase the price in the importing countryB. reduces the price in the exporting country*C. both of the aboveD. neither A nor B.13. Transport costs can be analyzed:A. with demand and supply curvesB. production frontiersC. offer curves*D. all of the above14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:*A. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityB. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityC. exporting agricultural productsD. with the largest domestic market15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:A. gains weight in processingB. loses weight in processingC. both of the above*D. neither A nor B.思考题：本章的贸易理论与基于比较优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗？H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输成本对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响？不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？2009年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸发展有何影响？Chapter 7: Economic Growth and International Trade Multiple-Choice Questions1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityB. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityC. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*D. all of the above.3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:A. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityC. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityD. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodity prices:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodityC. increases the output of both commoditiesD. any of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:A. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodityB. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity*C. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodityD. any of the aboveTechnical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called: p roductivity *A. capital savingB. labor savingC. neutralD. any of the above7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:A. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percentB. does not affect the output of XC. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only*D. any of the above8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:*A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of tradeD. all of the above 9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the aboveIf, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then the n ation's nation's terms of trade can be expected to:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above A proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is lik ely to result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports: to A. the K-intensive commodity*B. the L-intensive commodityC. either commodityD. both commodities12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:*A. may reduce the nation's welfareB. will reduce the nation's welfareC. will increase the nation's welfareD. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. increases the nation's welfareB. improves the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the above14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:A. reduces the volume of trade*B. increases the volume of tradeC. leaves the volume of trade unchangedD. any of the above15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B:*A. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation AB. will increase the terms of trade of Nation AC. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation BD. any of the above思考题：要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善？Chapter 8: Trade Restrictions: TariffsMultiple-choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded com modityB. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.C. Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution*D. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff 2. A small nation is one:A. which does not affect world price by its tradingB. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityC. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of t he tariff*D. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:A. consumption of the commodity increasesB. production of the commodity decreasesC. imports of the commodity increase*D. none of the aboveThe increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured by the area:*A. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without th e tariffB. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariffC. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffD. none of the above.。

CHAPTER 4—TARIFFSMULTIPLE CHOICE1. The imposition of tariffs on imports results in deadweight welfare losses for the home economy.These losses consist of the:a. Protective effect plus consumption effectb. Redistribution effect plus revenue effectc. Revenue effect plus protective effectd. Consumption effect plus redistribution effectANS: A PTS: 12. Suppose that the United States eliminates its tariff on steel imports, permitting foreign-producedsteel to enter the U.S. market. Steel prices to U.S. consumers would be expected to:a. Increase, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would increaseb. Decrease, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would increasec. Increase, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would decreased. Decrease, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would decreaseANS: B PTS: 13. A $100 specific tariff provides home producers more protection from foreign competition when:a. The home market buys cheaper products rather than expensive productsb. It is applied to a commodity with many grade variationsc. The home demand for a good is elastic with respect to price changesd. It is levied on manufactured goods rather than primary productsANS: A PTS: 14. A lower tariff on imported aluminum would most likely benefit:a. Foreign producers at the expense of domestic consumersb. Domestic manufacturers of aluminumc. Domestic consumers of aluminumd. Workers in the domestic aluminum industryANS: C PTS: 15. When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country dutyfree, its tariff policy generally results in a:a. Effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rateb. Nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff ratec. Rise in both nominal and effective tariff ratesd. Fall in both nominal and effective tariff ratesANS: B PTS: 16. Of the many arguments in favor of tariffs, the one that has enjoyed the most significant economicjustification has been the:a. Infant industry argumentb. Cheap foreign labor argumentc. Balance of payments argumentd. Domestic living standard argumentANS: A PTS: 17. The redistribution effect of an import tariff is the transfer of income from the domestic:a. Producers to domestic buyers of the goodb. Buyers to domestic producers of the goodc. Buyers to the domestic governmentd. Government to the domestic buyersANS: B PTS: 18. Which of the following is true concerning a specific tariff?a. It is exclusively used by the U.S. in its tariff schedules.b. It refers to a flat percentage duty applied to a good's market value.c. It is plagued by problems associated with assessing import product values.d. It affords less protection to home producers during eras of rising prices.ANS: D PTS: 19. The principal benefit of tariff protection goes to:a. Domestic consumers of the good producedb. Domestic producers of the good producedc. Foreign producers of the good producedd. Foreign consumers of the good producedANS: B PTS: 110. Which of the following policies permits a specified quantity of goods to be imported at one tariffrate and applies a higher tariff rate to imports above this quantity?a. Tariff quotab. Import tariffc. Specific tariffd. Ad valorem tariffANS: A PTS: 111. Assume the United States adopts a tariff quota on steel in which the quota is set at 2 million tons,the within-quota tariff rate equals 5 percent, and the over-quota tariff rate equals 10 percent.Suppose the U.S. imports 1 million tons of steel. The resulting revenue effect of the tariff quota would accrue to:a. The U.S. government onlyb. U.S. importing companies onlyc. Foreign exporting companies onlyd. The U.S. government and either U.S. importers or foreign exportersANS: A PTS: 112. When the production of a commodity does not utilize imported inputs, the effective tariff rate onthe commodity:a. Exceeds the nominal tariff rate on the commodityb. Equals the nominal tariff rate on the commodityc. Is less than the nominal tariff rate on the commodityd. None of the aboveANS: B PTS: 113. Developing nations often maintain that industrial countries permit raw materials to be importedat very low tariff rates while maintaining high tariff rates on manufactured imports. Which of the following refers to the above statement?a. Tariff-quota effectb. Nominal tariff effectc. Tariff escalation effectd. Protective tariff effectANS: C PTS: 114. Should the home country be "large" relative to the world, its imposition of a tariff on importswould lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms-of-trade effect exceeds the sum of the:a. Revenue effect plus redistribution effectb. Protective effect plus revenue effectc. Consumption effect plus redistribution effectd. Protective effect plus consumption effectANS: D PTS: 115. Should Canada impose a tariff on imports, one would expect Canada's:a. Terms of trade to improve and volume of trade to decreaseb. Terms of trade to worsen and volume of trade to decreasec. Terms of trade to improve and volume of trade to increased. Terms of trade to worsen and volume of trade to increaseANS: A PTS: 116. A beggar-thy-neighbor policy is the imposition of:a. Free trade to increase domestic productivityb. Trade barriers to increase domestic demand and employmentc. Import tariffs to curb domestic inflationd. Revenue tariffs to make products cheaper for domestic consumersANS: B PTS: 117. A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff is that:a. Domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of the tariffb. Political pressure may prevent the tariff's removal when the industry maturesc. Most industries require tariff protection when they are matured. Labor unions will capture the protective effect in higher wagesANS: B PTS: 118. Tariffs are not defended on the ground that they:a. Improve the terms of trade of foreign nationsb. Protect jobs and reduce unemploymentc. Promote growth and development of young industriesd. Prevent overdependence of a country on only a few industriesANS: A PTS: 119. The deadweight loss of a tariff:a. Is a social loss since it promotes inefficient productionb. Is a social loss since it reduces the revenue for the governmentc. Is not a social loss because society as a whole doesn't pay for the lossd. Is not a social loss since only business firms suffer revenue lossesANS: A PTS: 120. Which of the following is a fixed percentage of the value of an imported product as it enters thecountry?a. Specific tariffb. Ad valorem tariffc. Nominal tariffd. Effective tariffANS: B PTS: 121. A tax of 20 cents per unit of imported cheese would be an example of:a. Compound tariffb. Effective tariffc. Ad valorem tariffd. Specific tariffANS: D PTS: 122. A tax of 15 percent per imported item would be an example of:a. Ad valorem tariffb. Specific tariffc. Effective tariffd. Compound tariffANS: A PTS: 123. Which type of tariff is not used by the American government?a. Import tariffb. Export tariffc. Specific tariffd. Ad valorem tariffANS: B PTS: 124. Which trade policy results in the government levying a "two-tier" tariff on imported goods?a. Tariff quotab. Nominal tariffc. Effective tariffd. Revenue tariffANS: A PTS: 125. If we consider the impact on both consumers and producers, then protection of the steel industryis:a. In the interest of the United States as a whole, but not in the interest of the state ofPennsylvaniab. In the interest of the United States as a whole and in the interest of the state of Pennsylvaniac. Not in the interest of the United States as a whole, but it might be in the interest of the stateof Pennsylvaniad. Not in the interest of the United States as a whole, nor in the interest of the state ofPennsylvaniaANS: C PTS: 126. If I purchase a stereo from South Korea, I obtain the stereo and South Korea obtains the dollars.But if I purchase a stereo produced in the United States, I obtain the stereo and the dollars remain in America. This line of reasoning is:a. Valid for stereos, but not for most products imported by the United Statesb. Valid for most products imported by the United States, but not for stereosc. Deceptive since Koreans eventually spend the dollars on U.S. goodsd. Deceptive since the dollars spent on a stereo built in the United States eventually wind upoverseasANS: C PTS: 127. The most vocal political pressure for tariffs is generally made by:a. Consumers lobbying for export tariffsb. Consumers lobbying for import tariffsc. Producers lobbying for export tariffsd. Producers lobbying for import tariffsANS: D PTS: 128. If we consider the interests of both consumers and producers, then a policy of tariff reduction inthe U.S. auto industry is:a. In the interest of the United States as a whole, but not in the interest of auto-producing statesb. In the interest of the United States as a whole, and in the interest of auto-producing statesc. Not in the interest of the United States as a whole, nor in the interest of auto-producingstatesd. Not in the interest of the United States as a whole, but is in the interest of auto-producingstatesANS: A PTS: 129. Free traders point out that:a. There is usually an efficiency gain from having tariffsb. There is usually an efficiency loss from having tariffsc. Producers lose from tariffs at the expense of consumersd. Producers lose from tariffs at the expense of the governmentANS: B PTS: 130. A decrease in the import tariff will result in:a. An increase in imports but a decrease in domestic productionb. A decrease in imports but an increase in domestic productionc. An increase in price but a decrease in quantity purchasedd. A decrease in price and a decrease in quantity purchasedANS: A PTS: 1Figure 4.1 illustrates the demand and supply schedules for pocket calculators in Mexico, a "small" nation that is unable to affect the world price.Figure 4.1. Import Tariff Levied by a "Small" Country31. Consider Figure 4.1. In the absence of trade, Mexico produces and consumes:a. 10 calculatorsb. 40 calculatorsc. 60 calculatorsd. 80 calculatorsANS: C PTS: 132. Consider Figure 4.1. In the absence of trade, Mexico's producer surplus and consumer surplusrespectively equal:a. $120, $240b. $180, $180c. $180, $320d. $240, $240ANS: B PTS: 133. Consider Figure 4.1. With free trade, Mexico imports:a. 40 calculatorsb. 60 calculatorsc. 80 calculatorsd. 100 calculatorsANS: D PTS: 134. Consider Figure 4.1. With free trade, the total value of Mexico's imports equal:a. $220b. $260c. $290d. $300ANS: D PTS: 135. Consider Figure 4.1. With free trade, Mexico's producer surplus and consumer surplusrespectively equal:a. $5, $605b. $25, $380c. $45, $250d. $85, $195ANS: A PTS: 136. Consider Figure 4.1. With a per-unit tariff of $3, the quantity of imports decreases to:a. 20 calculatorsb. 40 calculatorsc. 50 calculatorsd. 70 calculatorsANS: B PTS: 137. According to Figure 4.1, the loss in Mexican consumer surplus due to the tariff equals:a. $225b. $265c. $285d. $325ANS: C PTS: 138. According to Figure 4.1, the tariff results in the Mexican government collecting:a. $100b. $120c. $140d. $160ANS: B PTS: 139. According to Figure 4.1, Mexican manufacturers gain ____ because of the tariff.a. $75b. $85c. $95d. $105ANS: A PTS: 140. According to Figure 4.1, the deadweight cost of the tariff totals:a. $60b. $70c. $80d. $90ANS: D PTS: 141. Consider Figure 4.1. The tariff would be prohibitive (i.e., eliminate imports) if it equaled:a. $2b. $3c. $4d. $5ANS: D PTS: 1Assume the United States is a large consumer of steel that is able to influence the world price. Its demand and supply schedules are respectively denoted by D U.S. and S U.S. in Figure 4.2. Theoverall (United States plus world) supply schedule of steel is denoted by S U.S.+W.Figure 4.2. Import Tariff Levied by a "Large" Country42. Consider Figure 4.2. With free trade, the United States achieves market equilibrium at a price of$____. At this price, ____ tons of steel are produced by U.S. firms, ____ tons are bought by U.S.buyers, and ____ tons are imported.a. $450, 5 tons, 60 tons, 55 tonsb. $475, 10 tons, 50 tons, 40 tonsc. $525, 5 tons, 60 tons, 55 tonsd. $630, 30 tons, 30 tons, 0 tonsANS: B PTS: 143. Consider Figure 4.2. Suppose the United States imposes a tariff of $100 on each ton of steelimported. With the tariff, the price of steel rises to $____ and imports fall to ____ tons.a. $550, 20 tonsb. $550, 30 tonsc. $575, 20 tonsd. $575, 30 tonsANS: A PTS: 144. Consider Figure 4.2. Of the $100 tariff, $____ is passed on to the U.S. consumer via a higherprice, while $____ is borne by the foreign exporter; the U.S. terms of trade:a. $25, $75, improveb. $25, $75, worsenc. $75, $25, improved. $75, $25, worsenANS: C PTS: 145. Referring to Figure 4.2, the tariff's deadweight welfare loss to the United States totals:a. $450b. $550c. $650d. $750ANS: D PTS: 146. According to Figure 4.2, the tariff's terms-of-trade effect equals:a. $300b. $400c. $500d. $600ANS: C PTS: 147. According to Figure 4.2, the tariff leads to the overall welfare of the United States:a. Rising by $250b. Rising by $500c. Falling by $250d. Falling by $500ANS: C PTS: 148. Suppose that the production of $500,000 worth of steel in the United States requires $100,000worth of iron ore. The U.S. nominal tariff rates for importing these goods are 15 percent for steel and 5 percent for iron ore. Given this information, the effective rate of protection for the U.S.steel industry is approximately:a. 6 percentb. 12 percentc. 18 percentd. 24 percentANS: C PTS: 149. Suppose that the production of a $30,000 automobile in Canada requires $10,000 worth of steel.The Canadian nominal tariff rates for importing these goods are 25 percent for automobiles and10 percent for steel. Given this information, the effective rate of protection for the Canadianautomobile industry is approximately:a. 15 percentb. 32 percentc. 48 percentd. 67 percentANS: B PTS: 1Exhibit 4.1Assume that the United States imports automobiles from South Korea at a price of $20,000 per vehicle and that these vehicles are subject to an import tariff of 20 percent. Also assume that U.S.components are used in the vehicles assembled by South Korea and that these components have a value of $10,000.50. Refer to Exhibit 4.1. In the absence of the Offshore Assembly Provision of U.S. tariff policy, theprice of an imported vehicle to the U.S. consumer after the tariff has been levied is:a. $22,000b. $23,000c. $24,000d. $25,000ANS: C PTS: 151. Refer to Exhibit 4.1. Under the Offshore Assembly Provision of U.S. tariff policy, the price of animported vehicle to the U.S. consumer after the tariff has been levied is:a. $22,000b. $23,000c. $24,000d. $25,000ANS: A PTS: 152. Suppose an importer of steel is required to pay a tariff of $20 per ton plus 5 percent of the valueof steel. This is an example of a (an):a. Specific tariffb. Ad valorem tariffc. Compound tariffd. Tariff quotaANS: C PTS: 153. A compound tariff is a combination of a (an):a. Tariff quota and a two-tier tariffb. Revenue tariff and a protective tariffc. Import tariff and an export tariffd. Specific tariff and an ad valorem tariffANS: D PTS: 1Table 4.1. Production Costs and Prices of Imported and Domestic VCRsImported VCRs Domestic VCRs Component parts $150 Imported component parts $150 Assembly cost/profit 50 Assembly cost 50 Nominal tariff 25 Profit 25 Import price Domestic priceafter tariff 225 after tariff 22554. Consider Table 4.1. Prior to the tariff, the total price of domestically-produced VCRs is:a. $150b. $200c. $225d. $250ANS: B PTS: 155. Consider Table 4.1. Prior to the tariff, the total price of imported VCRs is:a. $150b. $200c. $225d. $235ANS: B PTS: 156. Consider Table 4.1. The nominal tariff rate on imported VCRs equals:a. 11.1 percentb. 12.5 percentc. 16.7 percentd. 50.0 percentANS: B PTS: 157. Consider Table 4.1. Prior to the tariff, domestic value added equals:a. $25b. $50c. $75d. $100ANS: B PTS: 158. Consider Table 4.1. After the tariff, domestic value added equals:a. $25b. $50c. $75d. $100ANS: C PTS: 159. Consider Table 4.1. The effective tariff rate equals:a. 11.1 percentb. 16.7 percentc. 50.0 percentd. 100.0 percentANS: C PTS: 160. If the domestic value added before an import tariff for a product is $500 and the domestic valueadded after the tariff is $550, the effective rate of protection is:a. 5 percentb. 8 percentc. 10 percentd. 15 percentANS: C PTS: 161. When a tariff on imported inputs exceeds that on the finished good,a. The nominal tariff rate on the finished product would tend to overstate its protective effectb. The nominal tariff rate would tend to understate it's protective effectc. It is impossible to determine the protective effect of a tariffd. Tariff escalation occursANS: A PTS: 162. The offshore assembly provision in the U.S.a. Provides favorable treatment to U.S. trading partnersb. Discriminates against primary product importersc. Provides favorable treatment to products assembled abroad from U.S. manufacturedcomponentsd. Hurts the U.S. consumerANS: C PTS: 163. Arguments for U.S. trade restrictions include all of the following excepta. Job protectionb. Infant industry supportc. Maintenance of domestic living standardd. Improving incomes for developing countriesANS: D PTS: 164. For the United States, a foreign trade zone (FTZ) isa. A site within the United Statesb. A site outside the United Statesc. Always located in poorer developing countriesd. Is used to discourage tradeANS: A PTS: 1TRUE/FALSE1. To protect domestic producers from foreign competition, the U.S. government levies both importtariffs and export tariffs.ANS: F PTS: 12. With a compound tariff, a domestic importer of an automobile might be required to pay a duty of$200 plus 4 percent of the value of the automobile.ANS: T PTS: 13. With a specific tariff, the degree of protection afforded domestic producers varies directly withchanges in import prices.ANS: F PTS: 14. During a business recession, when cheaper products are purchased, a specific tariff providesdomestic producers a greater amount of protection against import-competing goods.ANS: T PTS: 15. A ad valorem tariff provides domestic producers a declining degree of protection againstimport-competing goods during periods of changing prices.ANS: F PTS: 16. With a compound duty, its "specific" portion neutralizes the cost disadvantage of domesticmanufacturers that results from tariff protection granted to domestic suppliers of raw materials, and the "ad valorem" portion of the duty grants protection to the finished-goods industry.ANS: T PTS: 17. The nominal tariff rate signifies the total increase in domestic productive activities compared towhat would occur under free-trade conditions.ANS: F PTS: 18. When material inputs enter a country at a very low duty while the final imported product isprotected by a high duty, the result tends to be a high rate of protection for domestic producers of the final product.ANS: T PTS: 19. According to the tariff escalation effect, industrial countries apply low tariffs to imports offinished goods and high tariffs to imports of raw materials.ANS: F PTS: 110. Under the Offshore Assembly Provision of U.S. tariff policy, U.S. import duties apply only to thevalue added in the foreign assembly process, provided that U.S.-made components are used by overseas companies in their assembly operations.ANS: T PTS: 111. Bonded warehouses and foreign trade zones have the effect of allowing domestic importers topostpone and prorate over time their import duty obligations.ANS: T PTS: 112. A nation whose imports constitute a very small portion of the world market supply is a price taker,facing a constant world price for its import commodity.ANS: T PTS: 113. Graphically, consumer surplus is represented by the area above the demand curve and below theproduct's market price.ANS: F PTS: 114. Producer surplus is the revenue producers receive over and above the minimum necessary forproduction.ANS: T PTS: 115. For a "small" country, a tariff raises the domestic price of an imported product by the full amountof the duty.ANS: T PTS: 116. Although an import tariff provides the domestic government additional tax revenue, it benefitsdomestic consumers at the expense of domestic producers.ANS: F PTS: 117. An import tariff reduces the welfare of a "small" country by an amount equal to the redistributioneffect plus the revenue effect.ANS: F PTS: 118. The deadweight losses of an import tariff consist of the protection effect plus the consumptioneffect.ANS: T PTS: 119. The redistribution effect is the transfer of producer surplus to domestic consumers of theimport-competing product.ANS: F PTS: 120. As long as it is assumed that a nation accounts for a negligible portion of international trade, itslevying an import tariff necessarily increases its overall welfare.ANS: F PTS: 121. Changes in a "large" country's economic conditions or trade policies can affect the terms atwhich it trades with other countries.ANS: T PTS: 122. A "large" country, that levies a tariff on imports, cannot improve the terms at which it trades withother countries.ANS: F PTS: 123. For a "large" country, a tariff on an imported product may be partially absorbed by the domesticconsumer via a higher purchase price and partially absorbed by the foreign producer via a lower export price.ANS: T PTS: 124. If a "large" country levies a tariff on an imported good, its overall welfare increases if themonetary value of the tariff's consumption effect plus protective effect exceeds the monetary value of the terms-of-trade effect.ANS: F PTS: 125. If a "small" country levies a tariff on an imported good, its overall welfare increases if themonetary value of the tariff's consumption effect plus protective effect is less than the monetary value of the terms-of-trade effect.ANS: F PTS: 126. A tariff on steel imports tends to improve the competitiveness of domestic automobilecompanies.ANS: F PTS: 127. If a tariff reduces the quantity of Japanese autos imported by the United States, over time itreduces the ability of Japan to import goods from the United States.ANS: T PTS: 128. A compound tariff permits a specified amount of goods to be imported at one tariff rate while anyimports above this amount are subjected to a higher tariff rate.ANS: F PTS: 129. A tariff can be thought of as a tax on imported goods.ANS: T PTS: 130. Although tariffs on imported steel may lead to job gains for domestic steel workers, they can leadto job losses for domestic auto workers.ANS: T PTS: 131. Relatively low wages in Mexico make it impossible for U.S. manufacturers of labor-intensivegoods to compete against Mexican manufacturers.ANS: F PTS: 132. According to the infant-industry argument, temporary tariff protection granted to an infantindustry will help it become competitive in the world market; when internationalcompetitiveness is achieved, the tariff should be removed.ANS: T PTS: 1Exhibit 4.2In the absence of international trade, assume that the equilibrium price and quantity of motorcycles in Canada is $14,000 and 10 units respectively. Assuming that Canada is a small country that is unable to affect the world price of motorcycles, suppose its market is opened to international trade. As a result, the price of motorcycles falls to $12,000 and the total quantity demanded rises to 14 units; out of this total, 6 units are produced in Canada while 8 units are imported. Now assume that the Canadian government levies an import tariff of $1,000 on motorcycles.33. Refer to Exhibit 4.2. As a result of the tariff, the price of imported motorcycles equals $13,000and imports total 4 cycles.ANS: T PTS: 134. Refer to Exhibit 4.2. The tariff leads to an increase in Canadian consumer surplus totaling$11,000.ANS: F PTS: 135. Refer to Exhibit 4.2. The tariff's redistribution effect equals $7,000.ANS: T PTS: 136. Refer to Exhibit 4.2. The tariff's revenue effect equals $6,000.ANS: F PTS: 137. Refer to Exhibit 4.2. All of the import tariff is shifted to the Canadian consumer via a higher priceof motorcycles.ANS: T PTS: 138. Refer to Exhibit 4.2. The tariff leads to a deadweight welfare loss for Canada totaling $1,000.ANS: F PTS: 139. Unlike a specific tariff, an ad valorem tariff differentiates between commodities with differentvalues.ANS: T PTS: 140. A limitation of a specific tariff is that it provides a constant level of protection for domesticcommodities regardless of fluctuations in their prices over time.ANS: F PTS: 141. A tariff quota is a combination of a specific tariff and an ad valorem tariff.ANS: F PTS: 142. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed percentage of the total value of an imported product.ANS: F PTS: 143. The protective effect of a tariff occurs to the extent that less efficient domestic production issubstituted for more efficient foreign production.ANS: T PTS: 144. A tariff can increase the welfare of a "large" levying country if the favorable terms-of-tradeeffect more than offsets the unfavorable protective effect and consumption effect.ANS: T PTS: 145. If the world price of steel is $600 per ton, a specific tariff of $120 per ton is equivalent to an advalorem tariff of 25 percent.ANS: F PTS: 146. An import tariff will worsen the terms of trade for a "small" country but improve the terms oftrade for a "large" country.ANS: F PTS: 147. Suppose that the tariff on imported steel is 40 percent, the tariff on imported iron ore is 20 percent,and 30 percent of the cost of producing a ton of steel consists of the iron ore it contains. The effective rate of protection of steel is approximately 49 percent.ANS: T PTS: 1。

《国际经济学(英文版)》选择题汇总版(附答案)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA) the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B) the United States is a “Superpower.”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D) the United States invests in many other countries.E) many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.D) the U.S. may not impose export duties.E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fieldsA) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter.D) international trade and international money.E) static and dynamic.4. International monetary analysis focuses onA) the real side of the international economy.B) the international trade side of the international economy.C) the international investment side of the international economy.D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E) the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange.5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the European Union.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6. The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade between neighboringcountries.E) European countries rely most often on natural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A) Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.B) Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on government promotion of trade and investment.C) Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a productive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D) Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on imports.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8. We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are small countries.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9. In the present, most of the exports from China areA) manufactured goods.B) services.C)primary products including agricultural.D) technology intensive products.E) overpriced by world market standards.10. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.11. The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle of comparative advantage result toA) differences in technology.B) differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D) differences in resources.E) gravity relationships among countries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundleA) inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D) inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA) U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B) U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Japan's 20 units per hour.C) U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement “Germany enjoys a comparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships”is equivalent toA) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ships.C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E) France should produce autos.15. If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA) the United States has no comparative advantageB) Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C) the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D) Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E) the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can be mutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B) The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can be mutually beneficial.C) Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D) Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standards of quality.E) Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2. Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most of its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in rice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3. In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?A)LaborB) LandC) ClothD) FoodE) Technology4. The specific factors model assumes that there are ________ goods and ________ factor(s) of production.A) two; threeB) two; twoC) two; oneD) three; twoE) four; three5. The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equal to________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC) -MPLF/MPLC; is constantD) -MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE) -MPLC/MPLF; is constant6. Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce cloth will be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B) the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C) the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D) the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E) the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth.7. In the specific factors model, which of the following will increase the quantity of labor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that of clothC) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8. A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B) it employs a unique technology.C) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D) its wage rate is below the world average.E) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9. In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobile factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positiveC) positive; ambiguous; ambiguousD) negative; ambiguous; ambiguousE) positive; positive; positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries will be ________ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB) fewer; lower; immobileC) more; lower; immobileD) more; higher; mobileE) more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment rate.B) the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C) those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D) foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ inA)tastes and preferences.B) military capabilities.C) the size of their economies.D) relative abundance of factors of production.E) labor productivities.13. If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measured on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibility frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.D) the opportunity cost of good Y.E) the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the cost of labor.14. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will ________ the owners of a country's ________ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor intensively.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC) benefit; scarce; exportD) benefit; scarce; importE) harm; scarce; export15. The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B) countries will benefit from free international trade.C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D) comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E) global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B) an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C) a global increase in the relative price of food.D) a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E) an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade beginsA) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B) supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D) failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E) proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industries.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor-intensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B) all countries would be better off.C) the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D) the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D) world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E) world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA) have no effect on terms of trade.B) improve the terms of trade of the United States.C) improve the terms of trade of all countries.D) because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E) raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its exports, this mustA) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B) have no effect on its terms of trade.C) improve its terms of trade.D) harm its terms of trade.E) harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA) falls as the average firm grows larger.B) rises as the industry grows larger.C) falls as the industry grows larger.D) rises as the average firm grows larger.E) remains constant over a broad range of output.6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost when output is ________ by________.A) reduce; increased; the industryB) reduce; increased; a firmC) increase; increased; a firmD) increase; increased; the industryE) reduce; reduce; the industry7. If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we should not expect to seeA) perfect competition in these industries.B) intra-industry trade between countries.C) inter-industry trade between countries.D) high levels of specialization in both countries.E) increased productivity in both countries.8. A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE) labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than ________ because factors of production are generally ________.A) external economies; natural resources; mobileB) internal economies; external economies; mobileC) external economies; population; immobileD) internal economies; population; immobileE) population; external economies; immobile10. Monopolistic competition is associated withA) product differentiation.B) price-taking behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions.D) high profit margins in the long run.E) increasing returns to scale.11. A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA) positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B) zero economic profits because of free entryC) positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D) negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E) positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12. The most common form of price discrimination in international trade isA) dumping.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Voluntary Export Restraints.D) preferential trade arrangements.E) product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a foreign firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign country. Both are________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ________.A) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE) foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D) the same as import quotas.E) import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15. A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff is thatA) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of the tariff.B) the industry may never "mature."C) most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D) the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E) the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16. In the country levying the tariff, the tariff willA) increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17. If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D) depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E) no longer apply.18. When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.E) rise in only the effective tariff rate.19. Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition of a tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D) production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E) terms of trade gain.20. The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs are dismantled and removed,A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decrease.B) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will increase.C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence increasing national economic welfare.D) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing national economic welfare.E) government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfare.21. Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of international trade disputes?A) World BankB) World Trade OrganizationC) International Monetary OrganizationD) International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE) The League of Nations22. Today U.S. protectionism is concentrated inA) high-tech industries.B) labor-intensive industries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D) computer intensive industries.E) capital-intensive industries.23. The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing industry is best explained by the fact thatA) this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B) this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C) most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D) this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E) the technology involved is very advanced.24. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA) a small tariff imposed by a small country.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country.C) a large tariff imposed by a small country.D) a large tariff imposed by a large country.E) an ad valorem tariff on a small country.25. The median voter modelA) works well in the area of trade policy.B) is not intuitively reasonable.C) tends to result in biased tariff rates.D) does not work well in the area of trade policy.E) is not widely practiced in the United States.By：某某。

《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauserg.countr.wit.divers.resources.B) the United States is a “Superpower.”C)itar.powe.o.th.Unite.State.make.i.les.dependen.o.anything.D.th.Unite.State.invest.i.man.othe.countries.E.man.countrie.inves.i.th.Unite.States.2.Becaus.th.Constitutio.forbid.restraint.o.interstat.trade.A.th.U.S.ma.no.impos.tariff.o.import.fro.NAFT.countries.B.th.U.S.ma.no.affec.th.internationa.valu.o.th..U.S.C.th.U.S.ma.no.pu.restraint.o.foreig.investment.i.Californi.i.i.involve ..financia.intermediar.i.Ne.Yor.State.D.th.U.S.ma.no.impos.expor.duties.merc.betwee.Florid.an.Hawaii.3.Internationa.economic.ca.b.divide.int.tw.broa.sub-field.A.macr.an.micro.B.develope.an.les.developed.C.monetar.an.barter.D.internationa.trad.an.internationa.money.E.stati.an.dynamic.4.Internationa.monetar.analysi.focuse.o.A.th.rea.sid.o.th.internationa.economy.B.th.internationa.trad.sid.o.th.internationa.economy.C.th.internationa.investmen.sid.o.th.internationa.economy.D.th.issue.o.internationa.cooperatio.betwee.Centra.Banks.E.th.monetar.sid.o.th.internationa.economy.suc.a.currenc.exchange.5.Th.gravit.mode.offer..logica.explanatio.fo.th.fac.tha.A)trad.betwee.Asi.an.th.U.S.ha.grow.faste.tha.NAFT.trade.B.trad.i.service.ha.grow.faste.tha.trad.i.goods.C.trad.i.manufacture.ha.grow.faste.tha.i.agricultura.products.D.Intra-Europea.Unio.trad.exceed.internationa.trad.b.th.Europea.Union.E.th.U.S.trade.mor.wit.Wester.Europ.tha.i.doe.wit.Canada.6.Th.gravit.mode.explain.wh.A)trad.betwee.Swede.an.German.exceed.tha.betwee.Swede.an.Spain.B)countrie.wit.oi.reserve.ten.t.expor.oil.C)capita.ric.countrie.expor.capita.intensiv.products.D.intra-industr.trad.i.relativel.mor.importan.tha.othe.form.o.trad.betw ee.neighborin.countries.E.Europea.countrie.rel.mos.ofte.o.natura.resources.7.Wh.doe.th.gravit.mode.work.rg.becaus.the.wer.engage.i.internationa.trade.ernmen .promotio.o.trad.an.investment.rge.area.whic.raise.th.probabilit.tha.. productiv.activit.wil.tak.plac.withi.th.border.o.tha.country.D) Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on imports.rg.economie.ten.t.avoi.tradin.wit.smal.economies.herlands.Belgium.an.Irelan.trad.considerabl.mor.wit.th.Unite.State.tha.wit.man.othe.countries.rg.countries.B.Thi.i.explaine.b.th.gravit.model.sinc.thes.ar.al.smal.countries.C) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are small countries.D)rg.countrie s.E)Thi.i.explaine.b.th.gravit.model.sinc.the.d.no.shar.borders.9.I.th.present.mos.o.th.export.fro.Chin.areA.manufacture.goods.B.services.C)primar.product.includin.agricultural.D.technolog.intensiv.products.E.overprice.b.worl.marke.standards.parativ.advantag.gain.fro.trad.becaus.i.A.i.producin.export.indirectl.mor.efficientl.tha.i.coul.alternatively.B.i.producin.import.indirectl.mor.efficientl.tha.i.coul.domestically.bo.units.bo.units.E.i.producin.export.whil.outsourcin.services.11.Th.Ricardia.mode.attribute.th.gain.fro.trad.associate.wit.th.princip parativ.advantag.resul.t.A.difference.i.technology.B.difference.i.preferences.C)bo.productivity.D.difference.i.resources.E.gravit.relationship.amon.countries.12..natio.engagin.i.trad.accordin.t.th.Ricardia.mode.wil.fin.it.consum ptio.bundl.A.insid.it.productio.possibilitie.frontier.B)o.it.productio.possibilitie.frontier.C)outsid.it.productio.possibilitie.frontier.D.insid.it.trade-partner'.productio.possibilitie.frontier.E)o.it.trade-partner'.productio.possibilitie.frontier.bo.i.th.onl.facto.o.productio.an.tha.wage.i.th.Unite.State.equa.$2.pe.hou.whil.wage.i.Japa.ar.$1.pe.hour.Productio.cost.woul.pare.t.Japa.i.bo.productivit.equale.4.unit.pe.hou.an.Japan'.1.unit.pe.hour.bo.productivit.equale.3.unit.pe.hou.an.Japan'.2.unit.pe.hour.bo.productivit.equale.2.unit.pe.hou.an.Japan'.3.unit.pe.hour.bo.productivit.equale.1.unit.pe.hou.an.Japan'.2.unit.pe.hour.bo.productivit.equale.1.unit.pe.hou.an.Japan'.4.unit.pe.hour.14.I..two-country.two-produc.world.th.statemen.“parativ.advantag.ove.Franc.i.auto.relativ.t.ships.i .equivalen.t.parativ.advantag.ove.German.i.ships.pare.t.German.i.auto.an.ships.parativ.advantag.ove.Franc.i.auto.an.ships.parativ.advantag.ove.Germany.E.Franc.shoul.produc.autos.15.I.th.Unite.States.productio.possibilit.frontie.wa.flatte.t.th.widge .axis.wherea.Germany'.wa.flatte.t.th.butte.axis.w.kno.tha.A) the United States has no comparative advantageparativ.advantag.i.butter.parativ.advantag.i.butter.parativ.advantage.i.bot.products.parativ.disadvantag.i.widgets.Ch4-Ch51.Th.Ricardia.mode.o.internationa.trad.demonstrate.tha.trad.ca.b.mutua ernment.restric.import.o.som.goods.A)Trad.ca.hav.substantia.effect.o..country'.distributio.o.income.B.Th.Ricardia.mode.i.ofte.incorrec.i.it.predictio.tha.trad.ca.b.mutuall.b eneficial.C. Impor.restriction.ar.th.resul.o.trad.war.betwee.hostil.countries.D.Import.ar.onl.restricte.whe.foreign-mad.good.d.no.mee.domesti.standar d.o.quality.E.Restriction.o.import.ar.intende.t.benefi.domesti.consumers.2.Japan'.trad.policie.wit.regar.t.ric.reflec.th.fac.tha.A.japanes.ric.farmer.hav.significan.politica.power.parativ.advantag.i.ric.productio.an.therefor.export.mos.o .it.ric.crop.C.ther.woul.b.n.gain.fro.trad.availabl.t.Japa.i.i.engage.i.fre.trad.i.r ice.D.ther.ar.gain.fro.trad.tha.Japa.capture.b.engagin.i.fre.trad.i.rice.E.Japa.import.mos.o.th.ric.consume.i.th.country.3.I.th.specifi.factor.model.whic.o.th.followin.i.treate.a..specifi.fac tor.A)LaborB) LandC) ClothD) FoodE) Technology4.Th.specifi.factor.mode.assume.tha.ther.ar._______.good.an._______.fa ctor(s.o.production.A) two; threeB) two; twoC) two; oneD) three; twoE) four; three5.Th.slop.o..country'.productio.possibilit.frontie.wit.clot.measure.o. th.horizonta.an.foo.measure.o.th.vertica.axi.i.th.specifi.factor.mode.i.equa.t._______.an.i._______.a.mor.clot.i.produced.A) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC) -MPLF/MPLC; is constantD) -MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE) -MPLC/MPLF; is constante.t.produc.clot. wil.b.equa.t.A)th.slop.o.th.productio.possibilit.frontier.bo.i.th.productio.o.clot.time.th.pric.o.cloth.bo.i.th.productio.o.clot.t.th.margina bo.i.th.productio.o.foo.time.th.rati.o.th.pric.o.cloth.t.th .pric.o.food.bo.i.th.productio.o.clot.time.th.pric.o.cloth.bo.i.th.productio.o.clo th.7.I.th.specifi.factor.model.whic.o.th.followin.wil.increas.th.quantit. e.i.clot.production.A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that of clothC) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8..countr.tha.doe.no.engag.i.trad.ca.benefi.fro.trad.onl.i.A)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B.i.employ..uniqu.technology.C.pre-trad.an.free-trad.relativ.price.ar.no.identical.D.it.wag.rat.i.belo.th.worl.average.E.pre-trad.an.free-trad.relativ.price.ar.identical.9.I.th.specifi.factor.model.th.effect.o.trad.o.welfar.ar._______.fo.mobil.factors._______e.t.produc.th.exporte.good.an.___ ____e.t.produc.th.importe.good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positiveC) positive; ambiguous; ambiguousD) negative; ambiguous; ambiguousE) positive; positive; positive10.Th.effec.o.trad.o.specialize.employee.o.import-competin.industrie.w il.b._______.job.an._______.pa.becaus.the.ar.relativel.________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB) fewer; lower; immobileC) more; lower; immobileD) more; higher; mobileE) more; higher; immobile11.Ther.i..bia.i.th.politica.proces.agains.fre.trad.becaus.A)ther.i..hig.correlatio.betwee.th.volum.o.import.an.th.unemploymen.rat e.B.th.gain.fro.fre.trad.canno.b.measured.C.thos.wh.gai.fro.fre.trad.can'.compensat.thos.wh.lose.rg.donation.t.U.S.politica.campaigns.anize.tha.thos.wh.gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differinA)taste.an.preferences.itar.capabilities.C.th.siz.o.thei.economies.D.relativ.abundanc.o.factor.o.production.bo.productivities.13.I..countr.produce.goo..(measure.o.th.vertica.axis.an.goo..(measure. o.th.horizonta.axis).the.th.absolut.valu.o.th.slop.o.it.productio.poss ibilit.frontie.i.equa.t.A)th.opportunit.cos.o.goo.X.B.th.pric.o.goo..divide.b.th.pric.o.goo.Y.C.th.pric.o.goo..divide.b.th.pric.o.goo.Y.D.th.opportunit.cos.o.goo.Y.E.th.cos.o.capita.(assumin.tha.goo..i.capita.intensive.divide.b.th.cos. bor.14.I.th.2-factor..goo.Heckscher-Ohli.model.trad.wil._______.th.owner.o ..country'._______.facto.an.wil._______e.tha.facto.inten sively.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC) benefit; scarce; exportD) benefit; scarce; importE) harm; scarce; export15.Th.assumptio.o.diminishin.return.i.th.Heckscher-Ohli.mode.mean.that .unlik.i.th.Ricardia.model.i.i.likel.tha.A.countrie.wil.consum.outsid.thei.productio.possibilit.frontier.B.countrie.wil.benefi.fro.fre.internationa.trade.C.countrie.wil.no.b.full.specialize.i.on.product.parativ.advantag.wil.no.determin.th.directio.o.trade.E.globa.productio.wil.decreas.unde.trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will result inA)a.increas.i.th.relativ.pric.o.foo.i.th.U.S.B.a.increas.i.th.relativ.pric.o.foo.i.Japan.C..globa.increas.i.th.relativ.pric.o.food.D..decreas.i.th.relativ.pric.o.foo.i.bot.countries.E.a.increas.i.th.relativ.pric.o.foo.i.bot.countries.17.Startin.fro.a.autark.(no-trade.situatio.wit.Heckscher-Ohli.model.i. bo.abundant.the.onc.trad.begin.A.ren.wil.b.unchange.bu.wage.wil.ris.i.H.B.wage.an.rent.shoul.ris.i.H.C.wage.an.rent.shoul.fal.i.H.D.wage.shoul.fal.an.rent.shoul.ris.i.H.E.wage.shoul.ris.an.rent.shoul.fal.i.H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA.faile.t.suppor.th.validit.o.th.Heckscher-Ohli.model.parativ.advantage.C.supporte.th.validit.o.th.Heckscher-Ohli.model.D.faile.t.suppor.th.validit.o.th.Ricardia.theory.E.prove.tha.th.U.S.econom.i.differen.fro.al.others.19.Whic.o.th.followin.i.a.assertio.o.th.Heckscher-Ohli.model.A.Facto.pric.equalizatio.wil.occu.onl.i.ther.i.costles.mobilit.o.al.fac tor.acros.borders.B.A.increas.i..country'.labo.suppl.wil.increas.productio.o.bot.th.capit bor-intensiv.good.bo.i.mobil.an.capita.i.not.D.Th.wage-renta.rati.determine.th.capital-labo.rati.i..country'.industr ies.E.Facto.endowment.determin.th.technolog.tha.i.availabl.t..country.whic. parativ.advantage.20.Whic.o.th.followin.i.a.assertio.o.th.Heckscher-Ohli.model.A.A.increas.i..country'bor-int ensiv.goo.an.decreas.productio.o.th.capital-intensiv.good.B.A.increas.i..country'.labo.suppl.wil.increas.productio.o.bot.th.capitbor-intensiv.good.bo.i.mobil.an.capita.i.not.D.Facto.pric.equalizatio.wil.occu.onl.i.ther.i.costles.mobilit.o.al.fac tor.acros.borders.E.Facto.endowment.determin.th.technolog.tha.i.availabl.t..country.whic.parativ.advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA.th.term.o.trad.o.clot.exporter.wil.improve.B.al.countrie.woul.b.bette.off.C.th.term.o.trad.o.foo.exporter.wil.improve.D.th.term.o.trad.o.al.countrie.wil.improve.E.th.term.o.trad.o.clot.exporter.wil.worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA.worl.relativ.quantit.o.clot.supplie.wil.increase.B.worl.relativ.quantit.o.clot.supplie.an.demande.wil.increase.C.worl.relativ.quantit.o.clot.supplie.an.demande.wil.decrease.D.worl.relativ.quantit.o.clot.demande.wil.decrease.E.worl.relativ.quantit.o.foo.wil.increase.3.I.th.U.S.(.larg.country.impose..tarif.o.it.importe.good.thi.wil.ten.t.A.hav.n.effec.o.term.o.trade.B.improv.th.term.o.trad.o.th.Unite.States.C.improv.th.term.o.trad.o.al.countries.D.becaus..deterioratio.o.U.S.term.o.trade.E.rais.th.worl.pric.o.th.goo.importe.b.th.Unite.States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituteda large set of subsidies for its exports, this mustA) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B.hav.n.effec.o.it.term.o.trade.C.improv.it.term.o.trade.D.har.it.term.o.trade.E.har.worl.term.o.trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitrger.rger.rger.rger.E.remain.constan.ove..broa.rang.o.output.6.Externa.economie.o.scal.wil._______.averag.cos.whe.outpu.i._______.b .________.A) reduce; increased; the industryB) reduce; increased; a firmC) increase; increased; a firmD) increase; increased; the industryE) reduce; reduce; the industry7.I.som.industrie.exhibi.interna.increasin.return.t.scal.i.eac.country .w.shoul.no.expec.t.se.petitio.i.thes.industries.B.intra-industr.trad.betwee.countries.C.inter-industr.trad.betwee.countries.D.hig.level.o.specializatio.i.bot.countries.E.increase.productivit.i.bot.countries.8..learnin.curv.relate._______.t._______.an.i..cas.o._______.returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE) labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Pattern.o.interregiona.trad.ar.primaril.determine.b._______.rathe.tha._______.becaus.factor.o.productio.ar.generall.________.A) external economies; natural resources; mobileB) internal economies; external economies; mobileC) external economies; population; immobileD) internal economies; population; immobileE) population; external economies; immobilepetitio.i.associate.wit.A.produc.differentiation.B.price-takin.behavior.C.explici.consideratio.a.th.fir.leve.o.th.strategi.impac.o.othe.firms.p ricin.decisions.D.hig.profi.margin.i.th.lon.run.E.increasin.return.t.scale.petitio.wil.ear.A.positiv.monopol.profit.becaus.eac.sell..differentiate.product.B) zero economic profits because of free entryC.positiv.oligopol.profit.becaus.eac.fir.sell..differentiate.product.D.negativ.economi.profit.becaus.i.ha.economie.o.scale.E.positiv.economi.profi.i.i.engage.i.internationa.trade.mo.for.o.pric.discriminatio.i.internationa.trad.i.A.dumping.B.non-tarif.barriers.C.Voluntar.Expor.Restraints.D.preferentia.trad.arrangements.E.produc.boycotts.13.Conside.th.followin.tw.cases.I.th.first..U.S.fir.purchase.18.o..for eig.firm.I.th.second..U.S.fir.build..ne.productio.facilit.i..foreig.co untry.Bot.ar.________.wit.th.firs.referre.t.a._______.an.th.secon.a.__ ______.A) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE) foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14.Specifi.tariff.ar.A.impor.taxe.state.i.specifi.lega.statutes.B.impor.taxe.calculate.a..fixe.charg.fo.eac.uni.o.importe.goods.C.impor.taxe.calculate.a..fractio.o.th.valu.o.th.importe.goods.D.th.sam.a.impor.quotas.E.impor.taxe.calculate.base.solel.o.th.origi.country.15..proble.encountere.whe.implementin.a."infan.industry.tarif.i.tha.A.domesti.consumer.wil.purchas.th.foreig.goo.regardles.o.th.tariff.B) the industry may never "mature."C.mos.industrie.requir.tarif.protectio.whe.the.ar.mature.D.th.tarif.ma.hur.th.industry'.domesti.sales.E.th.tariff.fai.t.protec.th.domesti.producers.16.I.th.countr.levyin.th.tariff.th.tarif.wil.A.increas.bot.consume.an.produce.surplus.B.decreas.bot.th.consume.an.produce.surplus.C.decreas.consume.surplu.an.increas.produce.surplus.D.increas.consume.surplu.an.decreas.produce.surplus.E.decreas.consume.surplu.bu.leav.producer.surplu.unchanged.pute.producer.shif ponents.the.th.eff pute.industr.wil.A.increase.B) decreaseC.remai.th.same.D) depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E.n.longe.apply.ernmen.allow.ra.material.an.othe.intermediat.product.t.ente ..countr.dut.free.thi.generall.result.i.a(an.A.effectiv.tarif.rat.les.tha.th.nomina.tarif.rate.B.nomina.tarif.rat.les.tha.th.effectiv.tarif.rate.C.ris.i.bot.nomina.an.effectiv.tarif.rates.D.fal.i.bot.nomina.an.effectiv.tarif.rates.E.ris.i.onl.th.effectiv.tarif.rate.19.Shoul.th.hom.countr.b."large.relativ.t.it.trad.partners.it.impositi o.o..tarif.o.import.woul.lea.t.a.increas.i.domesti.welfar.i.th.term.o. th.trad.rectangl.excee.th.su.o.th.A.revenu.effec.plu.redistributio.effect.B.protectiv.effec.plu.revenu.effect.C.consumptio.effec.plu.redistributio.effect.D.productio.distortio.effec.plu.consumptio.distortio.effect.E.term.o.trad.gain.20.Th.efficienc.cas.mad.fo.fre.trad.i.tha.a.trad.distortion.suc.a.tari ff.ar.dismantle.an.removed.ernmen.tarif.revenu.wil.decrease.an.therefor.nationa.economi.welfa r.wil.decrease.ernmen.tarif.revenu.wil.decrease.an.therefor.nationa.economi.welfa r.wil.increase.C.deadweigh.losse.fo.producer.an.consumer.wil.decrease.henc.increasin.n ationa.economi.welfare.D.deadweigh.losse.fo.producer.an.consumer.wil.decrease.henc.decreasin.n ationa.economi.welfare.ernmen.tarif.revenu.wil.increase.henc.increasin.nationa.economi.we lfare.anizatio.determine.procedure.fo.th.settlemen.o.internationa .trad.disputes.A) World BankB) World Trade OrganizationC) International Monetary OrganizationD) International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE) The League of Nations22.Toda.U.S.protectionis.i.concentrate.i.A. high-tec.industries.bor-intensiv.industries.parativ.advantage.pute.intensiv.industries.E.capital-intensiv.industries.23.Th.quantitativ.importanc.o.U.S.protectio.o.th.domesti.clothin.indus tr.i.bes.explaine.b.th.fac.tha.bor.bor.C.mos.o.th.exporter.o.clothin.int.th.U.S.ar.poo.countries.anize.secto.i.th.U.S.E.th.technolog.involve.i.ver.advanced.24.Th.optimu.tarif.i.mos.likel.t.appl.t.A..smal.tarif.impose.b..smal.country.rg.country.rg.tarif.impose.b..smal.country.rg.country.E.a.a.valore.tarif.o..smal.country.25.Th.media.vote.mode.A.work.wel.i.th.are.o.trad.policy.B.i.no.intuitivel.reasonable.C.tend.t.resul.i.biase.tarif.rates.D.doe.no.wor.wel.i.th.are.o.trad.policy.E.i.no.widel.practice.i.th.Unite.States. By: 某某。

Part Ⅰ。

Fill in the blank with suitable content.1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade ， the pattern of trade ， protectionism the balance of payments ， exchange rate determination ， international policy coordination ， international capital market.2。

Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons ： comparative advantage and economics of scale 。

3。

A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.4。

Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign ， respectively 。

If aLC/aLW<aLC*/aLW* ， Home has a comparative advantage in cheese 。

Part Ⅰ. Fill in the blank with suitable content.1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade , the pattern of trade , protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, international policy coordination, international capital market.2. Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons : comparative advantage and economics of scale .3. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.4. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLW<aLC*/aLW* , Home has a comparative advantage in cheese. C p /W p is the relative price of cheese, when aLC/aLW<Pc/Pw<aLC*/aLW* Home and Foreign specialize in producing cheese and wine , respectively.5. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement incheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. L and L*are Home’s and Foreign’s labor force. IfLC a /LW a <C p /W p <*LC a /*LW a , the world relative supply of cheese equals （L/aLC ）/(L*/aLW*) . Home’s gains from indirectly producing wine can be shown as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)－1/aLW6. In specific factors model(Q M =Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and tradesmanufactured goods for food , the overall comparison of the five change rate of goods price and factor priceMP ˆ、F P ˆ、K r ˆ、T r ˆ、W ˆinside Home is T F M K r P W P r ∧∧∧∧∧〉〉〉〉 . That is, the real income of capitalists increase, it can be shown as ↑M K P r ↑↑M K P r .7. There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution of income. First,resources can ’t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Second Industries differ in the factors of production they demand.8. In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,Comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction between relative abundance and relative intensity9.According to stolper-sammelson effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real income of the factor which intensively used in that good will rise, while the real income of the other factor will fall.10.According to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybczynski effect , at unchanged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor of production increases, the output of the good that are intensive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall.11.According to H-O 模型H-O proposition , owners of a country’s abundant factors gain from trade, but owners of a country’s scare factors lose.12.According to 要素价格均等化命题 Factor price equalization proposition , international trade produces a convergence （收敛） of relative goods prices. This convergence, in turns, causes the convergence of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices.（完整的要素价格均等化） 13. Three assumptions （假设） crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1) 两个国家都生产两种产品 both countries produce both goods (2) 两国技术相同 technologies are the same (3) 存在贸易壁垒：天然壁垒和人为壁垒There are barriers to trade: naturalbarriers and artificial barriers .14.“U.S. exports were less capit al-intensive than U.S. imports” is known as 里昂惕夫悖论 Leontiefparadox .15.The Ricardian Model , the Specific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as special cases （特殊情况） of 标准贸易模型 standard trade models16.The standard trade model derives （派生 推导） a world relative supply curve （曲线） from production possibilities and a world relative demand curve from preferences . 17.To export-biased growth, if the decline （下降） of the welfare caused by the deterioration （恶化） of the terms of trade swap over （交换） the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth is immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).18. Some economists argued that export-biased growth by poor nations would worsen their term of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all. This situation is known as immiserizing growth (贫困化增长) .19.Immiserizing growth demands strict conditions, these conditions are economic growth is stronglyexport-biased , the growing country is large enough to affect the world price , RS and RD must be very steep . 20.According to “ 梅茨勒悖论Metzle paradox ”, t ariffs and export subsidies （补贴） might have perverse （有害的） effects on internal price.21.In the model of “Monopolistic （垄断） Competition and Trade”, firms of an individual nation face the trade-off between economies of scale and variety of products .22. Marshall argued that there were three main reasons why a cluster of firms （企业集群）may be more efficient than an individual firm in isolation: specialized supplies , labor market pooling , knowledge spillovers (知识溢出)23.The pattern of intraindustry （产业内） trade itself is unpredicted, history and accident determine the details of the trade pattern.39. When there is external economies （外部经济）, the pattern of international trade is determined by economics of scale interact with comparative advantage .24. The indexes （指标）of intrainindustry trade of a industry can be calculated by the standard formula:25. Interindustry trade and intrainindustry （产业内） trade are the sources of gains from trade . When countries are similar in their relative factor supplies 、scale economies and product differentiations are important , intrainindustry trade is the dominant source （主要来源） of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade.26.The argument of temporary （暂时的） protection of industries to enable them to gain experience is known as 幼稚产业论the infant industry argument27. If we add together the gains and losses from a tariff, We find the net effect on national welfare can beseparated into two parts: terms of trade gain and efficiency loss 28.Why do countries adopt trade policies such as tariff or import quota, which produce more costs than benefits?—— trade politics29.In the political economy of trade policy （贸易政策的政治经济学） , government are assumed to （被假定为）maximize 政治成功political success rather than 国家福利 national welfare .30.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. These arguments include the term of trade argument for a tariff and the domestic market failure argumentexp 1exp orts importsI orts imports -=-+31.According to “Specific rule (对症规则) ”, domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problem’s sources.32. Although market failures are probably common, the domestic market failure argument against free trade should not be applied too freely.First domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problems ’ sources ;Second economists cannot diagnose market failure well enough to prescribe policy .33. International trade often produces losers as well as winners. In the actual politics of trade policy, income distribution is of crucial importance. 集体行动问题The problem of collective action can explain why policies that not only seem to produce more costs than benefits but that also seem to hurt far more voters them they can help can nonetheless be adopted.34.The WTO includes four aspects content: GATT 1994, GATS , TRIPS , TRIMS35.“Nondiscriminatory” principles （非歧视性原则）include most favored nation principle and national treatment principle 36.For preferential （优惠） trading agreements, such as customs union , countries must cede part of their sovereignty to supranational entity （必须放弃部分主权的超国家实体）37.Whether a customs union （关税同盟） is desirable （可取） or undesirable depends on whether it largelyindustrialization and coping with the problems of the dual economy. Correspondingly, there are two main arguments for developing countries to pursue policy of import-substituting industrialization. The twoarguments are the infant industry argument t and market failure justification for infant industry protection . 40. Sophisticated proponents of the infant industry argument have identified two market failures as reasons why infant industry protection may be a good idea: The imperfect capital markets justification and The appropriability argument .Part Ⅱ. True or False (true and false are denoted by “T” and “F”, respectively) 1. If a LW */a L C *<a LW /a L C , Home’s relat ive productivity in cheese is higher. (T )2. According to the Ricardian model, it is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.The good for which *Li a /Li a>w /*w will be produced in Foreign. ( F )3. It is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good. ( T )4.Long-run convergence(长期收敛) in productivity （生产力）produces long-run convergence in wages. ( T )5. “Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” (F )6.The proposition that trade is beneficial is unqualified(不合格). That is, there is no requirement that a country be “competitive” or that the trade be “fair”. ( T)7. Free trade is beneficial only if your country is strong enough to stand up to foreign competition. ( F ) 8. Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages. （F ） 9. Trade exploits a country and make it worse off if its workers receive much lower wage than workers inother nations. (F )10.The Ricardian Model predicts an extreme degree(预测一个极端的程度) of specialization(专业化). ( T )11.The Ricardian Model neglects(忽略) the effects on income distribution. (T )12. The basic prediction of the Ricardian model has been strongly confirmed by a number of studies over years. ( T )13. The Ricardian Model predicts that countries tend to export those goods in which their productivity is relative high. ( T )14. We can think of factor specificity as a matter of time. ( T )15.The opportunity cost of manufacture in terms of food is denoted by(表示) MPL M /MPL F. ( F )16.A equal proportional change in price have no real effects on the real wage, real income of capital owner and land owner. ( T )17. Trade benefits the factor that is specific to the import-competing sectors of each country but hurts the factor to the export sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors. ( F )18.It is possible in principle for a country’s government to use taxes and subsidies(补贴) to redistribute（重新分配）income to give each individual more of both goods. ( T )19. Although international trade has strong effects on income distribution, there are still possible in principle to make each individual better off. ( T )20. Typically, those who gain from trade in any particular product are a much more concentrated, informed, and organized group than those who lose. ( F )21. Conflicts of interest(利益冲突) within nations are usually more important in determining trade policy than conflicts of interest between nations. ( T )22. Generally, economists do not regard the income distribution effects of trade as a good reason to limit trade. ( T )23.The formulation of trade policy(贸易政策的制定) is a kind of political process(政治进程). ( T )24. “The world’s poorest countries can’t find anything to export. There is no resource that i s abundant—certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant.” ( F )25. Wage inequality in U.S. increased between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, economists attribute the change to the growing exports of manufactured goods from NIEs. ( T )26. If the factor-proportion theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the income share exceeded the factor share, import factors for which it was less. ( F )27.The H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade(贸易量). ( T )28.Factor trade in general turns out to be much smaller than the H-O model predicts. ( T )29. According to an influential recent paper, the H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to be t he same a s the H-O model predicts. ( F )30. Only by dropping the Heckscher-Ohlin assumption that technologies are the same across the countries can the overall pattern of international trade be well predicted by the H-O model. ( T )31.If a country want to maximize its national welfare, the consumption point is where the highest isovalue line is tangent to the highest reachable indifference curve. ( T )32.A rise in the terms of trade increases a country’s welfare, while a decline in the terms of trade reduces its welfare. ( T )33.Export-biased growth tends to improve the growing country’s terms of trade at the rest of the world’s expense.( F )34.If the two countries allocate(分配) their change in spending in the same proportions, there will not be a terms of trade effect. ( T )35. If the country receiving a transfer spends a higher proportion of an increase income on its export good than the giver, a transfer raises world relative demand for the recipient’s export good and thus improve it s terms of trade. ( T )36.A transfer worsens the donor’s terms of trade if the donor has a higher mariginal propensity to spend on its export good than the recipient(受体). ( T )37.A transfer improves the donor’s terms of trade, worsens recipient’s terms of tra de. ( F )38.A transfer of income——say foreign aid——could conceivably leave the recipient worse off. ( T )39.A tariff improves Home’s terms of trade and worsens Foreign’s, while a Home export subsidy worsens Home’s terms of trade and improve Foreign’s.( T )40. Where there is economies of scale, there is imperfectly competitive market structure. ( F )41.If intraindustry trade is the dominant source of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. ( T )42.Effect on the distribution of income within countries often weight more heavily on policy than terms of trade concerns. ( T )43.The usual market structure in industries characterized by internal economies of scale is monopolistic competition. ( F )44.Today, antidumping(反倾销) may be a device of protectionism. ( T )45.Reciprocal(相互) dumping tends to increase the volume of trade in goods that are quite identical（一致）. ( F )46.It is possible that reciprocal dumping increase national welfare. ( T )47.Strong external(外部) economies te nd to “locked in” the existing patterns of interindustry trade, even if the patterns are run counter to(背道而驰) comparative advantage. ( T )48.A trading country can conceivably lose from trade is potentially justify protectionism. ( T )49.Like static external economies, dynamic external economies can lock in an initial advantage in an industry. ( T )50.The stratigic trade policy is related to the model of “Monopolistic competition, differentiate products and intraindustry trade”. ( F )51.The model “Oligopoly, homogeneous products and intraindustry trade” is first developed by Krugman and Helpman . ( F )52.Trade in factors is very much like trade in goods, it occurs for much the same reasons and produces similar results. ( T )53.Trade in factors is an alternative(替代) to trade in goods for the allocation of resources. ( T )54.Wh en a country borrows, it’s intertemporal PPF is biased toward Q P.( F )55.The relative price of future consumption goods Q P is (1+r). ( T )56.The dynamic path of TNC s’ enter foreign market：FDI→Export→Licence. (F )57.Tariffs may have very different effects on different stages of production of a good. ( T )58.Nominal(名义)tariff reflects the effective rate of protection(有效保护率). (F)59.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only the direct gains to producers and consumers in a given market accurately measure the social gains. ( T )60.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only a dollar’s worth of benefits to each group is the same. ( T )61.A VER is exactly like an import quota which the license are assigned to foreign government. ( T )62.VER S are much more costly than tariffs. ( T )63.Local content laws have been widely used by developing countries trying to shift their manufacturing from assembly back into intermediate goods. ( T )64. A political argument for free trade reflects the fact that a political commitment to free trade may be a good idea in practice even though there may be better policies in principle. ( T )65.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. (T )66.For a sufficiently small tariff the terms of trade gain of small country must outweigh the efficiency loss.( F )67.The domestic market failure argument against free trade is intellectually impeccable but of doubtful usefulness. (F )68. “U.S. farm exports don’t just mean hi gher incomes for farmers — they mean higher income for everyone who sell goods and services to the U.S. farm sector”. This remark is a potential valid a rgument for export subsidy. ( T )69.Most deviations from free trade are adopted not because their benefit exceed their costs but because the public fails to understand their true costs. ( T )70.If there is marginal social costs rather than marginal social benefits, domestic market failure reinforce the case for free trade. ( T )71.The electoral competition model believes political competition will drive both parties to propose tariffs close to t M, the tariff preferred by the medium voter. ( T )72.The problem of collective action can best be overcome when a group is large and/or well organized. （F ）73.Trade policy that produce more costs than benefits, hurt more consumers than producers can’t be adopted.( F )74. As a violation of the MFN(“most favored nation”) principle, the WTO forbids preferent ial trading agreements in general, but allows them if they lead to free trade between the agreeing countries. ( T )75.The infant industry argument violates (违背)the principle of comparative advantage ( T )76.Import substituting industrialization(进口替代工业化) violates the principle of comparative advantage.( T )77. “Import quotas on capital-intensive industrial goods and subsidies for the import of capital equipment were meant to create manufacturing jobs in many developing countries. Unfortunately, they have probably helped create the urban unemployment problem.” ( T )78.The East Asian Miracle proved that industrialization and development must be based on import substitution. ( F )79.It is impossible for country to make itself worse off by joining accustoms union(联盟). ( F )PartⅢ. Choose the ONLY one collect answer in each question.1. An important insight（启示）of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other itA.is always beneficial to both countries.B.is usually beneficial to both countries.C.is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country .D.is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country.E.tends to create unemployment in both countries.2. If there are large disparities（差距）in wage levels between countries, thenA. trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.B. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.C. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.D. trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.E. trade is likely to have no effect on either country.3.Cost-benefit analysis of international trade（成本收益分析）A.is basically useless.B.is empirically intractable.C.focuses attention on conflicts of interest within countries.D.focuses attention on conflicts of interests between countries.E.None of the above.4. A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences inA.historical perspective.B.location.C.resource availabilities.D.tastes.E.incomes.5. Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded（忽视）by the political process because A.economists tend to favor highly protected domestic markets.B.economists have a universally accepted decisive power over the political decision mechanism.C.maximizing consumer welfare may not be a chief priority（优先）for politicians. 扩大消费者福利不是最主要的D.the gains of trade are of paramount concern to typical consumers.E.None of the above.6.Proponents（支持）of free trade claim all of the following as advantages except＿＿A. relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.B. a wider selection of products for consumersC. increased competition for world producers.D. the utilization of the most efficient production processes.E. None of the above.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ____unit labor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeD fourE five7. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itD.is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.E.is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.F.is producing exports using fewer labor units.G.is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.H.None of the above.8. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundle （消费约束）A.inside its production possibilities frontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.C.outside its production possibilities frontier （生产可能性边界）.D.inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.9.If a very small country trades with a very large country according to the Ricardian model, then A.the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains from trade.D.the large country will enjoy gains from trade.E.None of the above.10.If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.11.If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin) )(上凸，凹面向原点), then production occurs under conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.12.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.13.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.14.International trade has strong effects on income distributions. Therefore, international trade A.is beneficial to everyone in both trading countries.B.will tend to hurt one trading country.C.will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country.D.will tend to hurt everyone in both countries.E.will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade.15.If the price of the capital intensive product rises, wages willA.rise but by less than the price of the capital-intensive product.（工资刚性，变动较慢）B.rise by more than the rise in the price of the capital-intensive product.C.remain proportionally equal to the price of the capital-intensive product.D.fall, since higher prices cause less demand.E.None of the above.16.If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries,A.the real income of capital owners in Australia would rise.B.the real income of labor in Australia would clearly rise.C.the real income of labor in Belgium would clearly rise.D.the real income of landowners in Belgium would fall. 贸易知识使一国丰富要素部门得利，稀缺要素部门受损）E.the real incomes of capital owners in both countries would rise.17.If the price of manufactures and the price of food increase by 25%, thenA.the economy moves down its aggregate supply curve.B.the economy moves back along its aggregate demand curve.C.the relative quantities（相对数量）ofmanufactures and food remain unchanged.D.the relative quantities of products change by 25%.E.None of the above.18.If the price of manufactures rises, thenA.the price of food also rises.B.the quantity of food produced falls.C.the quantity of both manufactures and food falls.D.the purchasing power of labor in terms of food falls.E.None of the above.18.Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby(游说)the government to（贸易失利者游说政府）A.shift the direction of comparative advantage.B.abolish the Specific Factor model from practical application.C.provide public support for the relatively efficient sectors.D.provide protection for the relatively inefficient sectors.E.None of the above.19.The specific factor model argues that if land can be used both for food production and for manufacturing, then a quota that protects food production willA.clearly help landowners.B.clearly hurt landowners.C.clearly help manufacture but hurt food production.D.have an ambiguous effect on the welfare of landowners.E.None of the above.20.If, relative to its trade partners, Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even less productive capital, then, following the specific factor model, we know that Gambinia has a comparative advantage inA.manufactures.B.food.C.both manufactures and food.D.neither manufactures nor food.E.None of the above.21.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would（劳动者越过国境流入）A.move the point of production along the production possibility curve.B.shift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods.C.shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of thelabor-intensive product.D.shift the production possibility curve下降，扩展了生产可能性曲线，相当于扩展了消费的总量）E.None of the above.22.The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer and SveikauskasA.supported the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.B.supported the validity of theHeckscher-Ohlin model.ed a two-country and two-product framework.D.demonstrated that in fact countries tend to use different technologies.E.proved that the U.S.'s comparative advantage relied on skilled labor.23.The Case of the Missing Trade refers toA.the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys' Mystery series.B.the fact that world exports does not equal world imports.C.the fact that factor trade is less than predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory.D.the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory predicts much less volume of trade than actually exists.E.None of the above.24.One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model。

Part I . Fill in the blank with suitable content.I.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These gains from trade , the pattern of trade , protect ionism the bala nee of payme nts, excha nge rate determi natio n, intern ati onal policy coord in ati on, intern atio nal capital market.2. Coun tries en gage in intern ati onal trade for two basic reas on scomparative adva ntage and econo mics of scale3. A country has a comparative adva ntage in produci ng a good the opport unity costof producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.4. Labor is the only one factor of product ion. a LC 、a LW a nd a [C 、a [W are the unit labor requireme nt in cheese and wi ne at Home and Foreig n, respectively. If aLC/aLW<aLC*/aLW* , Home has a comparative advantage in cheese.p C / p W is the relative price of cheese, when aLC/aLWv Pc/Pw<aLC*/aLW* Home and Foreig n specialize in produci ng cheese and wi ne , respectively.* *5. Labor is the only one factor of product ion. a LC 、a LW a nd a LC 、a LW are the unit labor requireme nt in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. and L* are Home ' s and Foreign ' s labor force. If* *a LC /a LW < p C / p W <a LC /a LW , the world relative supply of cheese equals L/aLC ) /(L*/aLW*). Home ' sgains from in directly produc ing wi ne can be show n as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw) — 1/aLW6. In specific factors model(Q M =Q (K, L M )； Q F =Q F (T, L F )； L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and trades manu factured goods for food , the overall comparis on of the five cha nge rate of goods price and factorcapitalists in crease, it can be show n as r K P Mr K P M.7. There are two main reas ons why intern atio nal trade has stro ng effects on the distributio n of in come. First, resources car t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Secondln dustries differ in the factors of producti on they dema nd.8. In the Heckscher-Ohli n model,Comparative adva ntage is in flue need by the in teracti on betwee n relative abundan cea nd relative inten sity9. Accordi ng to stolper-sammels on effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real in come of the factor which in ten sively used in that good will rise, while the real in come of the other factor will fall.10. Accord ing to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybcz yn ski effect at un cha nged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor of producti on in creases, the output of the good that are in ten sive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall.11. Accord ing to H-O 模型 H-O propositi on , owners of a country ' s abundant factors gai n from trade, but owners of a country ' s scare factors lose.12. Accordi ng to 要素价格均等化命题 Factor price equalizati on propositi on , i nternatio nal tradeproduces a convergence(收敛) of relative goods prices. This convergenee, in turns, causes theconv erge nee of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to omplete equalization of factor prices. 完整的 要素价格均等化)13. Three assumptions(假设) crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1)两个国家都生产两种产品 both countries produce both goods(2) 两国技术 相同 tech no logies are the samg3) 存在贸易壁垒： 天然壁垒和人为壁垒 There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers 一14. “ U.S. exports were less capitntensive than U.S. imports ” is 里o 昂惕夫s 悖论 Leontief paradox . 15. The Ricardia n Model , the Specific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as special cases (特殊情况) of 标准贸易模型 sta ndard trade models16. The standard trade model derives 派生 推导) a world relative supply curve (曲线) from production possibilities and a world relative demand curve from preferences . 17. To export-biased growth, if the decli ne (下降) of the welfare caused by the deteriorati on (恶化) of.That is, the real in come ofpricethe terms of trade swap over（交换）the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth isimmiserizi ng growth（贫困化增长）.18. Some econo mists argued tha ixport-biased growth by poor n ati ons would worse n their term of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all. This situation is known as immiserizi ng growth （贫困化增长）.19」mmiserizing growth demands strict conditions, these conditions a cDno mic growth is stro ngly export-biased, the grow ing country is large eno ugh to affect the world price RS and RD must be very steep2O.According to 梅茨勒悖论Metzle paradox ” ,atriffs and export subsidies （补贴）might have perverse （有害的）effects on internal price.21.ln the model of “ Monopo垄断c Competition and Trade ” , firms ind i vidual nation face thetrade-off betwee n econo mies of scalea ndvariety of products .22. Marshall argued that there were three ma in reas ons why a cluster of firms （企业集群）may be more efficie nt tha n an in dividual firm in isolati on: specialized supplies labor market pooli ng , kno wledge spillovers （知识溢出）23. The pattern of intraindustry（产业内）trade itself is unpredicted,history and accident determine the details of the trade patter n.39. When there is external economies（夕卜部经济）,the pattern of international trade is determined by econo mics of scale in teract with comparative adva ntage24. The indexes （指标）of intrainindustry trade of a industry can be calculated by the standard formula:exports imports25. Interindustry trade and intrainindustry （产业内）trade are the sources of gains from trade .When countries are similar in their relative factor supplies、scale economies and product differentiations are important, intrainindustry trade is the dominant source （主要来源）of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade.26. The argume nt of temporary （暂时的）protecti on of in dustries to en able them to ga in experie nee is known as —幼稚产业论the infant industry argument27. If we add together the gains and losses from a tariff, We find the net effect on national welfare can be separated into two parts: terms of trade gain and efficiency loss28. Why do countries adopt trade policies such as tariff or import quota, which produce more costs than benefits? ---- t rade politics29.ln the political economy of trade policy （贸易政策的政治经济学），government are assumed （被假定为）maximize 政治成功political success rather than 国家福利national welfare .3O.Deviati ons from free trade can sometimes in crease n ati onal welfare. These argume nts in cludihe term of trade argument for a tariff and the domestic market failure argument31 .According to Specific rule（对症规则）” ,domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problem ' s sources.32. Although market failures are probably common, the domestic market failure argument against free trade should not be applied too freely.Firs domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problemssources ;Second eco no mists cannot diag nose market failure well eno ugh to prescribe policy.33. International trade often produces losers as well as winners. In the actual politics of trade policy,in come distributio n is of crucial importa nee. 集体行动问题The problem of collective action can expla in why policies that not on ly seem to produce more costs tha n ben efits but that also seem to hurt far more voters them they can help can non etheless be adopted.34. The WTO i ncludes four aspects conten tGATT 1994,GATS TRIPS , TRIMS35. “ Nondiscriminatory ” principle歧视性原贝U）include most favored nation principle andnational treatment principle36. For preferential （优惠）trading agreements, such as customs union , countries must cede part of theirsovereignty to supranational entity (必须放弃部分主权的超国家实体)37. Whether a customs union 关税同盟)is desirabl (可取)or undesirable depends on whether it largely leads to trade creati on or trade diversi on .38. Trade policy in developing countries is concerned with two objectives (涉及两个目标)：promoting industrialization and Coping with the problem of the dual economy39. Trade policy in develop ing coun tries is concerned with two objectives: promot ingindustrialization and coping with the problems of the dual economy. Correspondingly, there are two main argume nts for develop ing coun tries to pursue policy of import-substitut ing in dustrializati on. The two argume nts are the infant in dustry argume nt t and market failure justificati on for infant in dustry protectio n.40. Sophisticated proponents of the infant industry argument have identified two market failures as reasons why infant industry protection may be a good ide The imperfect capital markets justificati on and The appropriability argume nt .Part n . True or False (true and false are denoted by “ T ” and “ F ” , respectively) 1. If a LW */a LC *<a LW /a LC , Home ' s reive productivity in cheese is higher. (T )2. According to the Ricardian model, it is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.The good for which**a Li /aLi> w / w will be produced in Foreign. ( F )3. It is precisely because the relative wage is betwee n the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost adva ntage in one good. ( T )4. L ong-run con verge nee 长期收敛)in productivity (生产力) produces long-run conv erge nce in wages.“ (T )5. “ Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down tthe same level. You can ' t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it. (F ) ”6. The proposition that trade is beneficial is unqualifie 不 合格).That is, there is no requirement that a country be “ competitive ” or that the trade be ( T) “fair ” .7. Free trade is ben eficial only if your country is strong eno ugh to sta nd up to foreig n competiti on. ( F ) 8. Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages. ( F )9. Trade exploits a country and make it worse off if its workers receive much lower wage than workers in other nations. (F )10. The Ricardian Model predicts an extreme degree 预测一个极端的程度)of specialization 专业化). (T )11. The Ricardian Model neglects 忽 略)the effects on income distribution.仃)12. The basic predict ion of the Ricardia n model has bee n stron gly con firmed by a nu mber of studies over years. ( T )13. The Ricardian Model predicts that countries tend to export those goods in which their productivity is relative high. ( T )14. We can think of factor specificity as a matter of time. ( T )15. The opportunity cost of manufacture in terms of food is denoted b 表示) MPL M /MPL F . ( F )16. A equal proportional change in price have no real effects on the real wage, real income of capital owner and land owner. ( T )17. Trade ben efits the factor that is specific to the import-competi ng sectors of each country but hurts the factor to the export sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors. ( F ) 18.It is possible in principle for a country' s government to use (补X 贴s )ancredibs (biute(重新分配) in come to give each in dividual more of both goods. ( T )19. Although intern ati onal trade has stro ng effects on in come distributi on, there are still possible in prin ciple to make each in dividual better off. ( T )20. Typically, those who gain from trade in any particular product are a much more concen trated, in formed, and orga ni zed group tha n those who lose. ( F )21. Conflicts of interest(利益冲突)within nations are usually more important in determining trade policythan con flicts of in terest betwee n n ati ons. ( T )22. Gen erally, econo mists do not regard the in come distributio n effects of trade as a good reas on to limit trade. ( T )23. The formulation of trade policy贸易政策的制定)is a kind of political process政治进程).(T )24. “ The world ' s poorest countries can ' t find anything to export. There is no resource that i abundan—certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant( F )25. Wage inequality in U.S. increased between the late 1970s and the early 佃90s, economistsattribute the change to the growing exports of manufactured goods frcMIEs. ( T )26. If the factor-proportion theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the income share exceeded the factor share, import factors for which it was less. ( F )27. The H-O model can predict n ot only the direct ion but the volume of trade贸易量). (T )28. Factor trade in general turns out to be much smaller than the H-O model predicts. ( T )29. Accord ing to an in flue ntial rece nt paper, the H-O model can predict not only the directi on but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to b*he same a the H-O model predicts. ( F )30. Only by dropp ing the Heckscher-Ohlin assumpti on that tech no logies are the same across the coun tries can the overall pattern of international trade be well predicted by the H-O model. ( T )31」f a country want to maximize its national welfare, the consumption point is where the highest isovalue line is tangent to the highest reachable indifference curve. ( T )32. A rise in the terms of trade in creases a country ' s welfare, while a decli ne in the terms of tra its welfare. ( T )33. Export-biased growth tends to improve the growing country ' s terms of trade at the rest of th world ' s expense. ( F )34.If the two coun tries allocate(分酉己)their cha nge in spe nding in the same proporti ons, there will not be a terms of trade effect. ( T )35. If the country recei ving a tran sfer spe nds a higher proportio n of an in crease in come on its export good tha n the giver, a tran sfer raises world relative dema nd for the recipie nt ' s export good a terms of trade. ( T )36. A tran sfer worse ns the donor ' s terms of trade if the donor has a higher marigi nal prope nsity to sperits export good tha n the recipie nt 受体). (T )37. A tran sfer improves the donor ' s terms of trade, worse ns recipie nt de. ('F s terms of tra38. A transfer of income——say foreign aid -- could conceivably leave the recipient worse offT )39. A tariff improves Home ' s terms of trade and worse ns Foreig n ' s, while a Home export subs Home s terms of trade and improve Foreign ( T') s.40. Where there is economies of scale, there is imperfectly competitive market structure. ( F )41.If in trai ndustry trade is the dominant source of gains from trade, every one gains from trade. ( T )42. Effect on the distribution of income within countries often weight more heavily on policy than terms of trade concerns. ( T )43. The usual market structure in in dustries characterized by in ternal econo mies of scale is mon opolistic competiti on. ( F )44. Today, an tidump ing 反倾销)may be a device of protectio nism. ( T )45. Reciprocal相互)dumping tends to increase the volume of trade in goods that are quite identical(一致).(F )46.It is possible that reciprocal dump ing in crease n ati onal welfare. ( T )47.Stro ng exter nal 外咅E) econo mies tend to “ locked in ” the existi ng patter ns of in teri ndustry trade, eve n ithe patter ns are run coun ter to背道而驰)comparative adva ntage. ( T )48. A trading country can conceivably lose from trade is potentially justify protectionism. ( T )49. Like static exter nal econo mies, dyn amic exter nal econo mies can lock in an in itial adva ntage in an in dustry. ( T )50. The stratigic trade policy is related to the model of comMbenopnljsiiicerentiateproducts and intraindustry trade ” F )51. The model “ Oligopoly, homoge neous products and intrain dustry trade ” is first developed band Helpma n . ( F )52. Trade in factors is very much like trade in goods, it occurs for much the same reasons and produces similar results. ( T )53. Trade in factors is an alter native替代)to trade in goods for the allocati on of resources. ( T )54. When a country borrows, it ' s interPePFpiorlaiased towardQ p ( F )55. The relative price of future con sumpti on goodsQ p is (1 + r). ( T )56. The dyn amic path ofTNC s' en ter foreig n marketFDI f Export f Lice nee. (F )57. Tariffs may have very differe nt effects on differe nt stages of producti on of a good. ( T )58. Nominal(名义)tariff reflects the effective rate of protection(有效保护率). (F)59. The costs and ben efits an alysis of a tariff is correct if only the direct gains to producers and con sumers ina give n market accurately measure the social gains. ( T )60. The costs and ben efits an alysis of a tariff is correcf only a dollar ' s worth of ben efits to each group is the same. ( T )61. A VER is exactly like an import quota which the license are assigned to foreign government. ( T )62. VER S are much more costly than tariffs. ( T )63. Local content laws have bee n widely used by develop ing coun tries trying to shift their manu facturi ng from assembly back into in termediate goods. ( T )64. A political argument for free trade reflects the fact that a political commitment to free trade may be a good idea in practice even though there may be better policies in principle. ( T )65. Deviati ons from free trade can sometimes in crease n ati onal welfare. (T )66. For a sufficiently small tariff the terms of trade gain of small country must outweigh the efficiency loss.(F )67. The domestic market failure argument against free trade is intellectually impeccable but of doubtfulusef uln ess. (F )68. “ U.S. farm exports don ' t justhmieiaic(bmies for farmers—they mea n higher in come forevery one who sell goods and services to the U.S. farm sector ” . This remark iEgarpetetntial validfor export subsidy. ( T )69. Most deviati ons from free trade are adopted not because their ben efit exceed their costs but because the public fails to un dersta nd their true costs. ( T )70」f there is marginal social costs rather than marginal social benefits, domestic market failure reinforce the case for free trade. ( T )71. The electoral competition model believes political competition will drive both parties to propose tariffs close to t M, the tariff preferred by the medium voter. ( T )72. The problem of collective acti on can best be overcome whe n a group is large an d/or well orga ni zed.(F )73. Trade policy that produce more costs tha n ben efits, hurt more con sumers tha n producen an' t be adopted. ( F )74. As a violation of the MFN( “most favored nation ”)principle, the WTO forttradipreferent agreements in general, but allows them if they lead to free trade between the agreeing countries. ( T )75. The infant in dustry argume ntviolates 违背)the prin ciple of comparative adva ntage ( T )76.Import substituting industrialization(进口替代工业化)violates the principle of comparative advantage.“(T )77. “Import quotas on cap-italle nsive in dustrial goods and subsidies for the import of capital equipme nt were meant to create manu facturi ng jobs in many develop ing coun tries. Unfortun ately, they have probably helped create the urba n un employme nt problem. ( T”78. The East Asia n Miracle proved that in dustrializati on and developme nt must be based on import substitutio n. ( F )79.It is impossible for country to make itself worse off by joi ning accustoms union联盟). (F )Part 川.Choose the ONLY one collect answer in each question.1. An importa nt in sight (启示) of intern ati onal trade theory is that whe n coun tries excha nge goods and services one with the other itA. is always ben eficial to both coun tries.B. is usually ben eficial to both coun tries.C. is typically ben eficial on ly to the low wage trade part ner country .D. is typically harmful to the tech no logically lagg ing coun try.E. tends to create un employme nt in both coun tries.2. If there are large disparities （差距）in wage levels betwee n coun tries, the nA. trade is likely to be harmful to both coun tries.B. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.C. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.D. trade is likely to be harmful to n either coun try.E. trade is likely to have no effect on either coun try.3. Cost-benefit analysis of international trade （成本收益分析）A. is basically useless.B. is empirically in tractable.C. focuses atte nti on on con flicts of in terest with in coun tries.D. focuses atte nti on on con flicts of in terests betwee n coun tries.E. None of the above.4. A primary reas on why n ati ons con duct intern atio nal trade is because of differe nces inA. historical perspective.B. locatio n.C. resource availabilities.D. tastes.E. in comes.5. Argume nts for free trade are sometimes disregarded （忽视）by the political process becauseA. econo mists tend to favor highly protected domestic markets.B. econo mists have a uni versally accepted decisive power over the political decisi on mecha ni sm.C. maximizi ng con sumer welfare may not be a chief priority （优先）for politicians. 扩大消费者福利不是最主要的D. the gains of trade are of param ount concern to typical con sumers.E. None of the above.6. Prop onen ts（支持）of free trade claim all of the followi ng as advantagesexcep __A. relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.B. a wider select ion of products for con sumersC. in creased competitio n for world producers.D. the utilization of the most efficient production processes.E. None of the above.In order to know whether a country has a comparative adva ntage in the producti on of one particular product we need information on at least ___ un it labor requireme ntsA. oneB. twoC. threeD fourE five7. A country en gag ing in trade accord ing to the prin ciples of comparative adva ntage gains from trade because itD. is produci ng exports in directly more efficie ntly tha n it could alter natively.E. is produci ng imports in directly more efficiently than it could domestically.F. is produci ng exports using fewer labor un its.G. is produci ng imports in directly using fewer labor un its.H. None of the above.8. A n ati on en gagi ng in trade accordi ng to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundle （消费约束）A. in side its product ion possibilities fron tier.B. on its producti on possibilities fron tier.C. outside its product ion possibilities fron tier （生产可能性边界）.D. in side its trade-part ner's product ion possibilities fron tier.E. on its trade-part ner's producti on possibilities fron tier.9. If a very small country trades with a very large country accord ing to the Ricardia n model, the n A. the small country will suffer a decrease in econo mic welfare.B. the large country will suffer a decrease in econo mic welfare.C. the small country will enjoy gains from trade.D. the large country will enjoy gains from trade.E. None of the above.10. If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere betwee n the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, the nA. country H but not country F will gai n from trade.B. country H and country F will both gain from trade.C. n either country H nor F will gain from trade.D. only the country whose gover nment subsidizes its exports will gain.E. None of the above.11. If a product ion possibilities fron tier is bowed out （concave to the origin））上凸，凹面向原点）， then producti on occurs un der con diti ons ofA. con sta nt opport unity costs.B. in creas ing opport un ity costs.C. decreas ing opport un ity costs.D. infin ite opport un ity costs.E. None of the above.12. If two coun tries have ide ntical producti on possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA. their supply curves are ide ntical.B. their cost functions are ide ntical.C. their dema nd con diti ons ide ntical.D. their in comes are ide ntical.E. None of the above.13. Assume that labor is the only factor of product ion and that wages in the Un ited States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japa n are $10 per hour. Product ion costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA. U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 un its per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B. U.S. productivity equaled 30 un its per hour whereas Japa n's was 20.C. U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japa n's 30.D. U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour.E. None of the above.14. Intern atio nal trade has stro ng effects onin come distributio ns. Therefore, intern ati onal tradeA. is ben eficial to every one in both trad ing coun tries.B. will tend to hurt one trad ing coun try.C. will tend to hurt some groups in each trading coun try.D. will tend to hurt every one in both coun tries.E. will be ben eficial to all those en gaged in intern atio nal trade.15. If the price of the capital inten sive product rises, wages willA. rise but by less tha n the price of the capital-intensive product （工资冈寸性，变动较慢）B. rise by more tha n the rise in the price of the capital-inten sive product.C. remai n proporti on ally equal to the price of the capital-inten sive product.D. fall, since higher prices cause less dema nd.E. None of the above.16. If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to ope n up betwee n these two coun tries, A. the real in come of capital owners in Australia would rise.B. the real in come of labor in Australia would clearly rise.C. the real in come of labor in Belgium would clearly rise.D. the real in come of Ian dow ners in Belgium would fall.贸易知识使一国丰富要素部门得利，稀缺要素部门受损）E. the real in comes of capital owners in both coun tries would rise.17. If the price of manufactures and the price of food in crease by 25%, the nA. the economy moves dow n its aggregate supply curve.B. the economy moves back along its aggregate dema nd curve.C. the relative quantities （相对数量）of manu factures and food rema in un cha nged.D. the relative qua ntities of products cha nge by 25%.E. None of the above.18. If the price of manufactures rises, thenA. the price of food also rises.B. the qua ntity of food produced falls.C. the qua ntity of both manu factures and food falls.D. the purchas ing power of labor in terms of food falls.E. None of the above.18. Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby游说）the government to （贸易失利者游说政府）A. shift the direct ion of comparative adva ntage.B. abolish the Specific Factor model from practical applicati on.C. provide public support for the relatively efficie nt sectors.D. provide protecti on for the relatively in efficie nt sectors.E. None of the above.19. The specific factor model argues that if land can be used both for food product ion and for manu facturi ng, the n a quota that protects food producti on willA. clearly help Ian dow ners.B. clearly hurt Ian dow ners.C. clearly help manu facture but hurt food producti on.D. have an ambiguous effect on the welfare of Ian dow ners.E. None of the above.20. If, relative to its trade part ners, Gambi nia has many workers but very little land and even less productive capital, then, following the specific factor model, we know that Gambinia has a comparative adva ntage inA. manu factures.B. food.C. both manu factures andfood.D. n either manu factures nor food.E. None of the above.21. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohl in model, an influx of workers from across the border would （劳动者越过国境流入）A. move the point of producti on along the product ion possibility curve.B. shift the product ion possibility curve outward, and in crease the producti on of both goods.C. shift the product ion possibility curve outward and decrease the product ion of the labor- inten sive product.D. shift the product ion possibility curve outward and decrease the product ion of the capital-intensive product.（资本密集型产品产量下降，扩展了生产可能性曲线，相当于扩展了消费的总量）E. None of the above.22. The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer and SveikauskasA. supported the validity of the Leon tieff Paradox.B. supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.C. used a two-co untry and two-product framework.D. dem on strated that in fact coun tries tend to use differe nt tech no logies.E. proved that the U.S.'s comparative advantage relied on skilled labor. 23. The Case of the Missing Trade refers toA. the 9 volume of the Hardy Boys' Mystery series.B. the fact that world exports does not equal world imports.C. the fact that factor trade is less tha n predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory.D. the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory predicts much less volume of trade tha n actually exists.E. None of the above.24. One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardo model of comparative adva ntage is by assu ming that 技术相同__ is （are）identical in all countries.A. factor of product ion en dowme ntsB. scale econo miesC. factor of product ion inten sitiesD. tech no logyE. opport unity costs25. As opposed to the Ricardian model of comparative adva ntage, the assumpti on of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that the probability is greater that with trade A. countries will not be fully specialized （专业化）in one product.B. coun tries will ben efit from freeintern ati onal trade.C. coun tries will con sume outside their production possibility frontier.D. comparative adva ntage is primarily supply related.E. None of the above.26. Suppose that there are two factors, capital and land, and that the United States is relatively land en dowed while the Europea n Un io n is relatively capital-endowed. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model,A. Europea n Ian dow ners should support US-Europea n free trade.B. Europea n capitalists should support US-Europea n free trade.C. all capitalists in both coun tries should support free trade.D. all la ndow ners should support free trade.E. None of the above.27. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, if the United States is richly endowed inhuma n-capital relative to Mexico, the n as NAFTA in creas in gly leads to more bilateral free trade betwee n the two coun tries,A. the Un ited States will find its in dustrial base sucked into Mexico.。

国际经济学题库(英文版)Part Ⅰ. Fill in the blank with suitable content.1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade , the pattern of trade , protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, international policy coordination, international capital market.2. Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons : comparative advantage and economics of scale .3. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.4. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLW<aLC*/aLW* , Home has a comparative advantage in cheese. C p /W p is the relative price of cheese, whenaLC/aLW< Pc/Pw<aLC*/aLW* Home and Foreign specialize in producing cheese and wine , respectively.5. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. L and L*are Home’s and Foreign’s laborforce. If LC a /LW a <C p /W p <*LC a /*LW a , the world relative supply of cheese equals （L/aLC ）/(L*/aLW*) . Home’s gains from indirectly producing wine can be shown as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)－1/aLW6. In specific factors model(Q M =Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and trades manufactured goods for food , the overall comparison of the five change rate of goods price andfactor price MP ˆ、F P ˆ、K r ˆ、T r ˆ、W ˆinside Home is T F M K r P W P r ∧∧∧∧∧〉〉〉〉 . That is, the real income of capitalists increase, it can be shown as ↑M K P r ↑↑M K P r .7. There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution ofincome. First, resources can ’t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Second Industries differ in the factors of production they demand.8. In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,Comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction between relative abundance and relative intensity9.According to stolper-sammelson effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real income of the factor which intensively used in that good will rise, while the real income of the other factor will fall.10.According to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybczynski effect , at unchanged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor of production increases, the output of the good that are intensive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall.11.According to H-O 模型H-O proposition , owners of a country’s abundant factors gain from trade, but owners of a country’s scare factors lose.12.According to 要素价格均等化命题 Factor price equalization proposition , international trade produces a convergence （收敛） of relative goods prices. This convergence, in turns, causes the convergence of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices.（完整的要素价格均等化）13. Three assumptions （假设） crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1) 两个国家都生产两种产品 both countries produce both goods (2) 两国技术相同 technologies are the same (3) 存在贸易壁垒：天然壁垒和人为壁垒There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers .14.“U.S. exports w ere less capital-intensive than U.S. imports” is known as 里昂惕夫悖论 Leontief paradox .15.The Ricardian Model , the Specific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as special cases （特殊情况） of 标准贸易模型 standard trade models16.The standard trade model derives （派生 推导） a world relative supply curve （曲线） fromproduction possibilities and a world relative demand curve from preferences . 17.To export-biased growth, if the decline （下降） of the welfare caused by the deterioration （恶化） of the terms of trade swap over （交换） the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth is immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).18. Some economists argued that export-biased growth by poor nations would worsen their term of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all. This situation is known as immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).19.Immiserizing growth demands strict conditions, these conditions are economic growth is strongly export-biased , the growing country is large enough to affect the world price , RS and RD must be very steep .20.According to “ 梅茨勒悖论Metzle paradox ”, t ariffs and export subsidies （补贴） might have perverse （有害的） effects on internal price. 21.In the model of “Monopolistic （垄断） Competition and Trade”, firms of an individual nation face the trade-off between economies of scale and variety of products .22. Marshall argued that there were three main reasons why a cluster of firms （企业集群）may be more efficient than an individual firm in isolation: specialized supplies , labor market pooling ,knowledge spillovers (知识溢出)23.The pattern of intraindustry （产业内） trade itself is unpredicted, history and accident determine the details of the trade pattern.39. When there is external economies （外部经济）, the pattern of international trade is determined by economics of scale interact with comparative advantage .24. The indexes （指标）of intrainindustry trade of a industry can be calculated by the standard formula:25. Interindustry trade and intrainindustry （产业内） trade are the sources of gains from trade . When countries are similar in their relative factor supplies 、scale economies and product differentiations are important , intrainindustry trade is the dominant source （主要来源） of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. 26.The argument of temporary （暂时的） protection of industries to enable them to gain experience is known as 幼稚产业论the infant industry argument27. If we add together the gains and losses from a tariff, We find the net effect on national welfarecan be separated into two parts: terms of trade gain and efficiency loss 28.Why do countries adopt trade policies such as tariff or import quota, which produce more costs than benefits?—— trade politics29.In the political economy of trade policy （贸易政策的政治经济学） , government are assumed to （被假定为）maximize 政治成功political success rather than 国家福利 national welfare . 30.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. These arguments include the term of trade argument for a tariff and the domestic market failure argument31.According to “Specific rule (对症规则)”, domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problem’s sources.32. Although market failures are probably common, the domestic market failure argument against free trade should not be applied too freely.First domestic market failure should be corrected bydomestic policies aimed directly at the problems ’ sources ;Second economists cannot diagnose market failure well enough to prescribe policy .33. International trade often produces losers as well as winners. In the actual politics of trade policy,exp 1exp orts importsI orts imports -=-+income distribution is of crucial importance. 集体行动问题The problem of collective action can explain why policies that not only seem to produce more costs than benefits but that also seem to hurt far more voters them they can help can nonetheless be adopted.34.The WTO includes four aspects content: GATT 1994, GATS , TRIPS , TRIMS35.“Nondiscriminatory” principles （非歧视性原则）include most favored nation principle and national treatment principle 36.For preferential （优惠） trading agreements, such as customs union , countries must cede part of their sovereignty to supranational entity （必须放弃部分主权的超国家实体）37.Whether a customs union （关税同盟） is desirable （可取） or undesirable depends on whether it largely leads to trade creation or trade diversion .38.Trade policy in developing countries is concerned with two objectives （涉及两个目标）: promoting industrialization and Coping with the problem of the dual economy . industrialization and coping with the problems of the dual economy. Correspondingly, there are two main arguments for developing countries to pursue policy of import-substituting industrialization. The two arguments are the infant industry argument t and market failure justification for infant industry protection .40. Sophisticated proponents of the infant industry argument have identified two market failures as reasons why infant industry protection may be a good idea: The imperfect capital markets justification and The appropriability argument .Part Ⅱ. True or False (true and false are denoted by “T” and “F”, respectively) 1. If a LW */a L C *<a LW /a L C , Home’s relative productivity in cheese is higher. (T )2. According to the Ricardian model, it is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.The good for which *Li a /Li a>w /*w will be produced in Foreign. ( F )3. It is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good. ( T )4.Long-run convergence(长期收敛) in productivity （生产力）produces long-run convergence inwages. ( T )5. “Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be f orced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” (F )6.The proposition that trade is beneficial is unqualified(不合格). That is, there is no requirement that a country be “competitive” or that the trade be “fair”. ( T)7. Free trade is beneficial only if your country is strong enough to stand up to foreign competition.( F )8. Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages. （F ） 9. Trade exploits a country and make it worse off if its workers receive much lower wage than workers in other nations. (F )10.The Ricardian Model predicts an extreme degree(预测一个极端的程度) of specialization(专业化). ( T )11.The Ricardian Model neglects(忽略) the effects on income distribution. (T )12. The basic prediction of the Ricardian model has been strongly confirmed by a number of studies over years. ( T )13. The Ricardian Model predicts that countries tend to export those goods in which their productivity is relative high. ( T )14. We can think of factor specificity as a matter of time. ( T )15.The opportunity cost of manufacture in terms of food is denoted by(表示) MPL M /MPL F . ( F ) 16.A equal proportional change in price have no real effects on the real wage, real income of capital owner and land owner. ( T )17. Trade benefits the factor that is specific to the import-competing sectors of each country buthurts the factor to the export sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors. ( F )18.It is possible in principle for a country’s government to use taxes and subsidies(补贴) to redistribute（重新分配）income to give each individual more of both goods. ( T )19. Although international trade has strong effects on income distribution, there are still possible in principle to make each individual better off. ( T )20. Typically, those who gain from trade in any particular product are a much more concentrated, informed, and organized group than those who lose. ( F )21. Conflicts of interest(利益冲突) within nations are usually more important in determining trade policy than conflicts of interest between nations. ( T )22. Generally, economists do not regard the income distribution effects of trade as a good reason to limit trade. ( T )23.The formulation of trade policy(贸易政策的制定) is a kind of political process(政治进程). ( T )24. “The world’s poorest countries can’t find anything to export. There is no r esource that is abundant—certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant.” ( F ) 25. Wage inequality in U.S. increased between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, economists attribute the change to the growing exports of manufactured goods from NIEs. ( T )26. If the factor-proportion theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the income share exceeded the factor share, import factors for which it was less. ( F )27.The H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade(贸易量). ( T )28.Factor trade in general turns out to be much smaller than the H-O model predicts. ( T )29. According to an influential recent paper, the H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to be t he same a s the H-O model predicts.( F )30. Only by dropping the Heckscher-Ohlin assumption that technologies are the same across the countries can the overall pattern of international trade be well predicted by the H-O model.( T )31.If a country want to maximize its national welfare, the consumption point is where the highest isovalue line is tangent to the highest reachable indifference curve. ( T )32.A rise in the terms of trade increases a country’s welfare, while a decline in the terms of trade reduces its welfare. ( T )33.Export-biased growth tends to improve the growing country’s terms of trade at the rest of the world’s expense.( F )34.If the two countries allocate(分配) their change in spending in the same proportions, there will not be a terms of trade effect. ( T )35. If the country receiving a transfer spends a higher proportion of an increase income on its export good than the giver, a transfer raises world relative demand for the recipient’s export good and thus improve its terms of trade. ( T )36.A transfer worsens the donor’s terms of trade if the donor has a higher mariginal propensity to spend on its export good than the recipient(受体). ( T )37.A transfer improves the donor’s terms of trade, worsens recipient’s terms of trade. ( F )38.A transfer of income——say foreign aid——could conceivably leave the recipient worse off. ( T )39.A tariff improves Home’s terms of trade and worsens Foreign’s, while a Home export subsidy worsens Home’s terms of trade and improve Foreign’s.( T )40. Where there is economies of scale, there is imperfectly competitive market structure. ( F )41.If intraindustry trade is the dominant source of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. ( T )42.Effect on the distribution of income within countries often weight more heavily on policy than terms of trade concerns. ( T )43.The usual market structure in industries characterized by internal economies of scale is monopolistic competition. ( F )44.Today, antidumping(反倾销) may be a device of protectionism. ( T )45.Reciprocal(相互) dumping tends to increase the volume of trade in goods that are quite identical（一致）. ( F )46.It is possible that reciprocal dumping increase national welfare. ( T )47.Strong external(外部) economies tend to “locked in” the existing patterns of interindustry trade, even if the patterns are run counter to(背道而驰) comparative advantage. ( T )48.A trading country can conceivably lose from trade is potentially justify protectionism. ( T )49.Like static external economies, dynamic external economies can lock in an initial advantage in an industry. ( T )50.The stratigic trade policy is related to the model of “Monopolistic competition, differentiate products and intraindustry trade”. ( F )51.The model “Oligopoly, homogeneous products and intraindustry trade” is first developed by Krugman and Helpman . ( F )52.Trade in factors is very much like trade in goods, it occurs for much the same reasons and produces similar results. ( T )53.Trade in factors is an alternative(替代) to trade in goods for the allocation of resources. ( T )54.Wh en a country borrows, it’s intertemporal PPF is biased toward Q P.( F )55.The relative price of future consumption goods Q P is (1+r). ( T )56.The dynamic path of TNC s’ enter foreign market：FDI→Export→Licence. (F )57.Tariffs may have very different effects on different stages of production of a good. ( T )58.Nominal(名义)tariff reflects the effective rate of protection(有效保护率). (F)59.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only the direct gains to producers and consumers in a given market accurately measure the social gains. ( T )60.The costs and benefits analysis of a tari ff is correct if only a dollar’s worth of benefits to each group is the same. ( T )61.A VER is exactly like an import quota which the license are assigned to foreign government.( T )62.VER S are much more costly than tariffs. ( T )63.Local content laws have been widely used by developing countries trying to shift their manufacturing from assembly back into intermediate goods. ( T )64. A political argument for free trade reflects the fact that a political commitment to free trade may be a good idea in practice even though there may be better policies in principle. ( T )65.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. (T )66.For a sufficiently small tariff the terms of trade gain of small country must outweigh theefficiency loss.( F )67.The domestic market failure argument against free trade is intellectually impeccable but of doubtful usefulness. (F )68. “U.S. farm exports don’t just mean higher incomes for farmers — they mean higher income for everyone who sell goods and services to the U.S. farm sector”. This remark is a potential valid argument for export subsidy. ( T )69.Most deviations from free trade are adopted not because their benefit exceed their costs but because the public fails to understand their true costs. ( T )70.If there is marginal social costs rather than marginal social benefits, domestic market failure reinforce the case for free trade. ( T )71.The electoral competition model believes political competition will drive both parties to propose tariffs close to t M, the tariff preferred by the medium voter. ( T )72.The problem of collective action can best be overcome when a group is large and/or well organized. （F ）73.Trade policy that produce more costs than benefits, hurt more consumers than producers can’t be adopted.( F )74. As a violation of the MFN(“most favored nation”) principle, the WTO for bids preferential trading agreements in general, but allows them if they lead to free trade between the agreeing countries. ( T )75.The infant industry argument violates (违背)the principle of comparative advantage ( T )76.Import substituting industrialization(进口替代工业化) violates the principle of comparativeadvantage.( T )77. “Import quotas on capital-intensive industrial goods and subsidies for the import of capital equipment were meant to create manufacturing jobs in many developing countries. Unfortunately, they have probably helped create the urban unemployment problem.” ( T )78.The East Asian Miracle proved that industrialization and development must be based on import substitution. ( F )79.It is impossible for country to make itself worse off by joining accustoms union(联盟). ( F ) PartⅢ. Choose the ONLY one collect answer in each question.1. An important insight（启示）of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other itA.is always beneficial to both countries.B.is usually beneficial to both countries.C.is typically beneficial only to the lowwage trade partner country .D.is typically harmful to thetechnologically lagging country.E.tends to create unemployment in bothcountries.2. If there are large disparities（差距）in wage levels between countries, thenA. trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.B. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.C. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.D. trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.E. trade is likely to have no effect on either country.3.Cost-benefit analysis of international trade（成本收益分析）A.is basically useless.B.is empirically intractable.C.focuses attention on conflicts of interestwithin countries.D.focuses attention on conflicts of interestsbetween countries.E.None of the above.4. A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences inA.historical perspective.B.location.C.resource availabilities.D.tastes.E.incomes. 5. Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded（忽视）by the political process becauseA.economists tend to favor highly protecteddomestic markets.B.economists have a universally accepteddecisive power over the political decisionmechanism.C.maximizing consumer welfare may not bea chief priority（优先）for politicians. 扩大消费者福利不是最主要的D.the gains of trade are of paramountconcern to typical consumers.E.None of the above.6.Proponents（支持）of free trade claim allof the following as advantages except＿＿A. relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.B. a wider selection of products for consumersC. increased competition for world producers.D. the utilization of the most efficient production processes.E. None of the above.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ____unit labor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeD fourE five7. A country engaging in trade according tothe principles of comparative advantagegains from trade because itD.is producing exports indirectly moreefficiently than it could alternatively.E.is producing imports indirectly moreefficiently than it could domestically.F.is producing exports using fewer laborunits.G.is producing imports indirectly usingfewer labor units.H.None of the above.8. A nation engaging in trade according tothe Ricardian model will find itsconsumption bundle（消费约束）A.inside its production possibilitiesfrontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.C.outside its production possibilitiesfrontier（生产可能性边界）.D.inside its trade-partner's productionpossibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's productionpossibilities frontier.9.If a very small country trades with a verylarge country according to the Ricardianmodel, thenA.the small country will suffer a decreasein economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decreasein economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains fromtrade.D.the large country will enjoy gains fromtrade.E.None of the above.10.If the world terms of trade for a countryare somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gainfrom trade.B.country H and country F will both gainfrom trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain fromtrade.D.only the country whose governmentsubsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.11.If a production possibilities frontier isbowed out (concave to the origin) )(上凸，凹面向原点), then production occursunder conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.12.If two countries have identical productionpossibility frontiers, then trade betweenthem is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.13.Assume that labor is the only factor ofproduction and that wages in the UnitedStates equal $20 per hour while wages inJapan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States ascompared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 unitsper hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units perhour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 andJapan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 andJapan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.14.International trade has strong effects onincome distributions. Therefore,international tradeA.is beneficial to everyone in both tradingcountries.B.will tend to hurt one trading country.C.will tend to hurt some groups in eachtrading country.D.will tend to hurt everyone in bothcountries.E.will be beneficial to all those engaged ininternational trade.15.If the price of the capital intensive productrises, wages willA.rise but by less than the price of thecapital-intensive product.（工资刚性，变动较慢）B.rise by more than the rise in the price ofthe capital-intensive product.C.remain proportionally equal to the priceof the capital-intensive product.D.fall, since higher prices cause lessdemand.E.None of the above.16.If Australia has more land per worker, andBelgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries,A.the real income of capital owners inAustralia would rise.B.the real income of labor in Australiawould clearly rise.C.the real income of labor in Belgiumwould clearly rise.D.the real income of landowners inBelgium would fall. 贸易知识使一国丰富要素部门得利，稀缺要素部门受损）E.the real incomes of capital owners inboth countries would rise.17.If the price of manufactures and the priceof food increase by 25%, thenA.the economy moves down its aggregatesupply curve.B.the economy moves back along itsaggregate demand curve.C.the relative quantities（相对数量）ofmanufactures and food remainunchanged.D.the relative quantities of productschange by 25%.E.None of the above.18.If the price of manufactures rises, thenA.the price of food also rises.B.the quantity of food produced falls.C.the quantity of both manufactures andfood falls.D.the purchasing power of labor in termsof food falls.E.None of the above.18.Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby(游说)the government to（贸易失利者游说政府）A.shift the direction of comparativeadvantage.B.abolish the Specific Factor model frompractical application.C.provide public support for the relativelyefficient sectors.D.provide protection for the relativelyinefficient sectors.E.None of the above.19.The specific factor model argues that ifland can be used both for food productionand for manufacturing, then a quota thatprotects food production willA.clearly help landowners.B.clearly hurt landowners.C.clearly help manufacture but hurt foodproduction.D.have an ambiguous effect on the welfareof landowners.E.None of the above.20.If, relative to its trade partners, Gambiniahas many workers but very little land andeven less productive capital, then,following the specific factor model, weknow that Gambinia has a comparativeadvantage inA.manufactures.B.food.C.both manufactures and food.D.neither manufactures nor food.E.None of the above.21.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlinmodel, an influx of workers from acrossthe border would（劳动者越过国境流入）A.move the point of production along theproduction possibility curve.B.shift the production possibility curveoutward, and increase the production ofboth goods.C.shift the production possibility curveoutward and decrease the production ofthe labor-intensive product.D.shift the production possibility curveoutward and decrease the production ofthe capital-intensive product.（资本密集型产品产量下降，扩展了生产可能性曲线，相当于扩展了消费的总量）E.None of the above.22.The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer andSveikauskasA.supported the validity of the LeontieffParadox.B.supported the validity of theHeckscher-Ohlin model.ed a two-country and two-productframework.D.demonstrated that in fact countries tendto use different technologies.E.proved that the U.S.'s comparativeadvantage relied on skilled labor.23.The Case of the Missing Trade refers toA.the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys'Mystery series.B.the fact that world exports does notequal world imports.C.the fact that factor trade is less thanpredicted by the Heckscher-Ohlintheory.D.the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theorypredicts much less volume of trade thanactually exists.E.None of the above.24.One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlinmodel differs from the Ricardo model ofcomparative advantage is by assumingthat _技术相同__ is (are) identical in all。

精选全文完整版（可编辑修改）《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA) the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B) the United States is a “Superpower.”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D) the United States invests in many other countries.E) many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.D) the U.S. may not impose export duties.E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fieldsA) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter.D) international trade and international money.E) static and dynamic.4. International monetary analysis focuses onA) the real side of the international economy.B) the international trade side of the international economy.C) the international investment side of the international economy.D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E) the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange.5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the European Union.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6. The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade between neighboring countries.E) European countries rely most often on natural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A) Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.B) Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on government promotion of trade and investment.C) Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a productive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D) Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on imports.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8. We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are small countries.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9. In the present, most of the exports from China areA) manufactured goods.B) services.C)primary products including agricultural.D) technology intensive products.E) overpriced by world market standards.10. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.11. The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle of comparative advantage result toA) differences in technology.B) differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D) differences in resources.E) gravity relationships among countries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundleA) inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D) inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA) U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B) U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Japan's 20 units per hour.C) U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement “Germany enjoys a comparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships”is equivalent toA) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ships.C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E) France should produce autos.15. If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA) the United States has no comparative advantageB) Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C) the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D) Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E) the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can be mutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B) The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can be mutually beneficial.C) Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D) Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standards of quality.E) Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2. Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most of its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in rice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3. In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?A)LaborB) LandC) ClothD) FoodE) Technology4. The specific factors model assumes that there are ________ goods and ________ factor(s) of production.A) two; threeB) two; twoC) two; oneD) three; twoE) four; three5. The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equal to________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC) -MPLF/MPLC; is constantD) -MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE) -MPLC/MPLF; is constant6. Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce cloth will be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B) the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C) the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D) the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E) the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth.7. In the specific factors model, which of the following will increase the quantity of labor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that of clothC) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8. A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B) it employs a unique technology.C) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D) its wage rate is below the world average.E) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9. In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobile factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positiveC) positive; ambiguous; ambiguousD) negative; ambiguous; ambiguousE) positive; positive; positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries will be ________ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB) fewer; lower; immobileC) more; lower; immobileD) more; higher; mobileE) more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment rate.B) the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C) those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D) foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ inA)tastes and preferences.B) military capabilities.C) the size of their economies.D) relative abundance of factors of production.E) labor productivities.13. If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measured on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibility frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.D) the opportunity cost of good Y.E) the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the cost of labor.14. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will ________ the owners of a country's ________ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor intensively.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC) benefit; scarce; exportD) benefit; scarce; importE) harm; scarce; export15. The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B) countries will benefit from free international trade.C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D) comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E) global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B) an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C) a global increase in the relative price of food.D) a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E) an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade beginsA) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B) supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D) failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E) proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industries.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor-intensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B) all countries would be better off.C) the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D) the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D) world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E) world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA) have no effect on terms of trade.B) improve the terms of trade of the United States.C) improve the terms of trade of all countries.D) because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E) raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its exports, this mustA) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B) have no effect on its terms of trade.C) improve its terms of trade.D) harm its terms of trade.E) harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA) falls as the average firm grows larger.B) rises as the industry grows larger.C) falls as the industry grows larger.D) rises as the average firm grows larger.E) remains constant over a broad range of output.6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost when output is ________ by________.A) reduce; increased; the industryB) reduce; increased; a firmC) increase; increased; a firmD) increase; increased; the industryE) reduce; reduce; the industry7. If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we should not expect to seeA) perfect competition in these industries.B) intra-industry trade between countries.C) inter-industry trade between countries.D) high levels of specialization in both countries.E) increased productivity in both countries.8. A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE) labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than ________ because factors of production are generally ________.A) external economies; natural resources; mobileB) internal economies; external economies; mobileC) external economies; population; immobileD) internal economies; population; immobileE) population; external economies; immobile10. Monopolistic competition is associated withA) product differentiation.B) price-taking behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions.D) high profit margins in the long run.E) increasing returns to scale.11. A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA) positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B) zero economic profits because of free entryC) positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D) negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E) positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12. The most common form of price discrimination in international trade isA) dumping.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Voluntary Export Restraints.D) preferential trade arrangements.E) product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a foreign firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign country. Both are________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ________.A) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE) foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D) the same as import quotas.E) import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15. A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff is thatA) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of the tariff.B) the industry may never "mature."C) most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D) the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E) the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16. In the country levying the tariff, the tariff willA) increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17. If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D) depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E) no longer apply.18. When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.E) rise in only the effective tariff rate.19. Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition of a tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D) production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E) terms of trade gain.20. The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs are dismantled and removed,A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decrease.B) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will increase.C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence increasing national economic welfare.D) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing national economic welfare.E) government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfare.21. Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of international trade disputes?A) World BankB) World Trade OrganizationC) International Monetary OrganizationD) International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE) The League of Nations22. Today U.S. protectionism is concentrated inA) high-tech industries.B) labor-intensive industries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D) computer intensive industries.E) capital-intensive industries.23. The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing industry is best explained by the fact thatA) this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B) this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C) most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D) this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E) the technology involved is very advanced.24. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA) a small tariff imposed by a small country.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country.C) a large tariff imposed by a small country.D) a large tariff imposed by a large country.E) an ad valorem tariff on a small country.25. The median voter modelA) works well in the area of trade policy.B) is not intuitively reasonable.C) tends to result in biased tariff rates.D) does not work well in the area of trade policy.E) is not widely practiced in the United States.By：某某。

【国际经济学】英文题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is largerA. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?A. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome: *A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety:A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit U.S. importers*B. benefits U.S. exportersC. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative AdvantageMultiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nationB can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true?A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope dB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo n a difference in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的？现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？比较优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的？Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above.8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation? *A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeA. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at equilibr iumB. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at equilibri umC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of TradeMultiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correct?A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not the equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier an d indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves*D. all of the above8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analy sis?A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price withtradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all ma rkets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner: *A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodit yC. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin TheoryMultiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:*A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a diffe rence in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:A. technology*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:A. relative but not absolute factor pricesB. absolute but not relative factor prices*C. both relative and absolute factor pricesD. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:A. reduce international differences in per capita incomesB. increases international differences in per capita incomes*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. production in both nationsB. consumption in both nationsC. trade between the two nations*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. two nationsB. two commoditiesC. two factors of production*D. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted without reservations*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factorsB. the same K/L ratioC. technologically-fixed factor proportionsD. equal elasticity of substitution of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T radeMultiple-Choice Questions:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:A. leads to rejection of the theoryB. leaves the theory unaffected*C. requires complementary trade theoriesD. any of the above.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, leav ethe theory unaffected?A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both nations use the same technologyC. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations*D. all of the aboveWhich of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories?*A. Economies of scaleB. incomplete specializationC. similar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of transportation costsInternational trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have ide ntical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. technology*D. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated productsC. is based on monopolistic competition*D. all of the above6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:A. among industrial countriesB. between developed and developing countriesC. in industrial goods*D. all of the aboveThe theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market e xistswas advanced by:*A. LinderB. VernonC. LeontiefD. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:A. because products are homogeneous*B. in order to take advantage of economies of scaleC. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationD. all of the aboveIf a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intra-industry (T) index is equal to:A. 1.00B. 0.75*C. 0.50D. 0.2510. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:A. the H-O theory*B. the product-cycle theoryC. Linder's theoryD. all of the above11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theor y?A. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countriesB. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesC. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to less advan ced countries*D. all of the above12. Transport costs:A. increase the price in the importing countryB. reduces the price in the exporting country*C. both of the aboveD. neither A nor B.13. Transport costs can be analyzed:A. with demand and supply curvesB. production frontiersC. offer curves*D. all of the above14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:*A. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityB. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityC. exporting agricultural productsD. with the largest domestic market15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:A. gains weight in processingB. loses weight in processingC. both of the above*D. neither A nor B.思考题：本章的贸易理论与基于比较优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗？H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输成本对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响？不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？2009年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸发展有何影响？Chapter 7: Economic Growth and International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityB. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityC. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*D. all of the above.3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:A. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityC. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityD. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodity prices:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodityC. increases the output of both commoditiesD. any of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:A. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodityB. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity*C. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodityD. any of the aboveTechnical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called:*A. capital savingB. labor savingC. neutralD. any of the above7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:A. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percentB. does not affect the output of XC. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only*D. any of the above8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:*A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of tradeD. all of the above9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the aboveIf, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then the nation's terms of trade can be expected to:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the aboveA proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is lik elyto result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports: A. the K-intensive commodity*B. the L-intensive commodityC. either commodityD. both commodities12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:*A. may reduce the nation's welfareB. will reduce the nation's welfareC. will increase the nation's welfareD. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. increases the nation's welfareB. improves the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the above14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:A. reduces the volume of trade*B. increases the volume of tradeC. leaves the volume of trade unchangedD. any of the above15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B:*A. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation AB. will increase the terms of trade of Nation AC. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation BD. any of the above思考题：要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善？Chapter 8: Trade Restrictions: TariffsMultiple-choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded com modityB. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.C. Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution*D. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff2. A small nation is one:A. which does not affect world price by its tradingB. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityC. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of t he tariff*D. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:A. consumption of the commodity increasesB. production of the commodity decreasesC. imports of the commodity increase*D. none of the aboveThe increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured by the area:*A. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without th e tariffB. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariffC. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffD. none of the above.。

PartⅠ.Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false (10%)每题1分, 答错不扣分1.I.perfec.market.existed.resource.woul.b.mor.mobil.an.coul.therefor.b.transferre.t.thos.countrie.mor.willin.t.pa..hig.pric.fo.them.. .. .2.Th.forwar.contrac.ca.hedg.futur.receivable.o.payable.i.foreig.currencie.t.insulat.th.fir.agains.exchang.rat.risk ... . )3.Th.primar.objectiv.o.th.multinationa.corporatio.i.stil.th.sam.primar.objectiv.o.an.firm.i.e..t.maximiz.sharehol de.wealth.. .. )4..lo.inflatio.rat.tend.t.increas.import.an.decreas.exports.thereb.decreasin.th.curren.accoun.deficit.othe.thing.e qual......5..capita.accoun.defici.reflect..ne.sal.o.th.hom.currenc.i.exchang.fo.othe.currencies.Thi.place.upwar.pressur.o.tha.hom.currency’.value.. .. )parativ.advantag.implie.tha.countrie.shoul.specializ.i.production.thereb.relyin.o.othe.countrie .fo.som.products.. .. .7.Covere.interes.arbitrag.i.plausibl.whe.th.forwar.premiu.reflec.th.interes.rat.differentia.betwee.tw.countrie.sp ecifie.b.th.interes.rat.parit.formula. .. . )8.Th.tota.impac.o.transactio.exposur.i.o.th.overal.valu.o.th.firm.. .. .9. .pu.optio.i.a.optio.t.sell-b.th.buye.o.th.option-.state.numbe.o.unit.o.th.underlyin.instrumen.a..specifie.pric.pe.uni.durin..specifie.period... . )10.Future.mus.b.marked-to-market.Option.ar.not.....)PartⅡ:Cloze (20%)每题2分, 答错不扣分1.I.inflatio.i..foreig.countr.differ.fro.inflatio.i.th.hom.country.th.exchang.rat.wil.adjus.t.maintai.equal.. purchasin.powe... ）2.Speculator.wh.expec..currenc.t..appreciat..... .coul.purchas.currenc.future.contract.fo.tha.currency.3.Covere.interes.arbitrag.involve.th.short-ter.investmen.i..foreig.currenc.tha.i.covere.b.....forwar.contrac...... .t. sel.tha.currenc.whe.th.investmen.matures.4.. Appreciation.Revalu....）petitio.i.increased.5.....PP... .suggest..relationshi.betwee.th.inflatio.differentia.o.tw.countrie.an.th.percentag.chang.i.th.spo.exchang.ra t.ove.time.6.IF.i.base.o.nomina.interes.rat....differential....).whic.ar.influence.b.expecte.inflation.7.Transactio.exposur.i..subse.o.economi.exposure.Economi.exposur.include.an.for.b.whic.th.firm’... valu... .wil.b.affected.modit.a..state.pric.i..... pu..optio..i.exercised9.Ther.ar.thre.type.o.long-ter.internationa.bonds.The.ar.Globa.bond. .. eurobond.....an....foreig.bond...).10.An.goo.secondar.marke.fo.financ.instrument.mus.hav.a.efficien.clearin.system.Mos.Eurobond.ar.cleare.thr oug.eithe...Euroclea... ..o.Cedel.PartⅢ:Questions and Calculations (60%)过程正确结果计算错误扣2分rmation:A BankB BankBid price of Canadian dollar $0.802 $0.796Ask price of Canadian dollar $0.808 $0.800rmation.i.locationa.arbitrag.possible?put.t h.profi.fro.thi.arbitrag.i.yo.ha.$1,000,e.(5%)ANSWER:Yes! One could purchase New Zealand dollars at Y Bank for $.80 and sell them to X Bank for $.802. With $1 million available, 1.25 million New Zealand dollars could be purchased at Y Bank. These New Zealand dollars could then be sold to X Bank for $1,002,500, thereby generating a profit of $2,500.2.Assum.tha.th.spo.exchang.rat.o.th.Britis.poun.i.$1.90..Ho.wil.thi.spo.rat.adjus.i.tw.year.i.th.Unite.Kingdo.experience.a.inflatio.rat.o..percen.pe.yea.whil.th.Unite.State.experience.a.inflatio.rat.o..perc en. pe.year?(10%)ANSWER:According to PPP, forward rate/spot=indexdom/indexforth.exchang.rat.o.th.poun.wil.depreciat.b.4..percent.Therefore.th.spo.rat.woul.adjus.t.$1.9..[..(–.047)..$1.81073.Assum.tha.th.spo.exchang.rat.o.th.Singapor.dolla.i.$0.70..Th.one-yea.interes.rat.i.1.percen.i.th.Unite.State.a n..percen.i.Singapore..Wha.wil.th.spo.rat.b.i.on.yea.accordin.t.th.IFE?.(5%)ANSWER: according to the IFE,St+1/St=(1+Rh)/(1+Rf)$.70 × (1 + .04) = $0.7284.Assum.tha.XY.Co.ha.ne.receivable.o.100,00.Singapor.dollar.i.9.days..Th.spo.rat.o.th.S.i.$0.50.an.th.Singap or.interes.rat.i.2.ove.9.days..Sugges.ho.th.U.S.fir.coul.implemen..mone.marke.hedge..B.precis. .(10%)ANSWER: The firm could borrow the amount of Singapore dollars so that the 100,000 Singapore dollars to be received could be used to pay off the loan. This amounts to (100,000/1.02) = about S$98,039, which could be converted to about $49,020 and invested. The borrowing of Singapore dollars has offset the transaction exposure due to the future receivables in Singapore dollars.pan.ordere..Jagua.sedan.I..month..i.wil.pa.£30,00.fo.th.car.I.worrie.tha.poun.ster1in.migh.ris.sharpl.fro.th.curren.rate($1.90)pan.bough...mont.poun.cal.(suppose.contrac.siz..£35,000.wit..strik.pric.o.$1.9.fo..premiu.o.2..cents/£.(1)Is hedging in the options market better if the £ rose to $1.92 in 6 months?(2)what did the exchange rate have to be for the company to break even?（15%）Solution:(1)I.th..ros.t.$pan.woul. exercis.th.poun.cal.option.Th.su.o.th.strik.pric.an.premiu..i.$1.90 + $0.023 = $1.9230/£Thi.i.bigge.tha.$1.92.So hedging in the options market is not better.(2.whe.w.sa.th. compan.ca.brea.even.w.mea.tha.hedgin.o.no.hedgin.doesn’. matter.An.onl.whe.(strik.pric..premiu.).th.exchang.rat.,hedging or not doesn’t matter.So, the exchange rate =$1.923/£.6.Discus.th.advantage.an.disadvantage.o.fixe.exchang.rat.system.(15%)textbook page50 答案以教材第50 页为准PART Ⅳ: Diagram(10%)Th.strik.pric.fo..cal.i.$1.67/£.Th.premiu.quote.a.th.Exchang.i.$0.022.pe.Britis.pound.Diagram the profit and loss potential, and the break-even price for this call optionSolution:Following diagram shows the profit and loss potential, and the break-even price of this put option:PART Ⅴa) b) Calculate the expected value of the hedge.c) How could you replicate this hedge in the money market?Yo.ar.expectin.revenue.o.Y100,00.i.on.mont.tha.yo.wil.nee.t.cover.t.dollars.Yo.coul.hedg.thi.i.forwar.market.b.takin.lon.position.i.U.dollar.(shor.position.i.Japanes.Yen).B.lockin.i.you.pric.a.$..Y105.you.dolla.revenue.ar.guarantee.t.b.Y100,000/ 105 = $952You could replicate this hedge by using the following:a) Borrow in Japanb) Convert the Yen to dollarsc) Invest the dollars in the USd) Pay back the loan when you receive the Y100,000。

（完整版）国际经济学英⽂题库（最全版附答案）【国际经济学】英⽂题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is largerA. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?A. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome: *A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety:A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit U.S. importers*B. benefits U.S. exportersC. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学⾮常重要？2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的⼀些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3.当今世界⾯临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative AdvantageMultiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nationB can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true?A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope dB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo n a difference in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：⽐较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何⽽来的？贸易利益⼜是如何分配的？现实世界中⽐较优势是如何度量的？你认为⽬前中国具有⽐较优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？⽐较优势会不会发⽣变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证⽐较优势原理的？Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above.8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation? *A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeA. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at equilibr iumB. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at equilibri umC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与⼤卫.李嘉图的⽐较优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进⾏市场分⼯和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或⽣产技术不同可以进⾏分⼯和贸易吗?Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of TradeMultiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correct?A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not the equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier an d indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves*D. all of the above8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analy sis?A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price withtradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all ma rkets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner: *A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodit yC. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何⽤途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin TheoryMultiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:*A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a diffe rence in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:A. technology*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:A. relative but not absolute factor pricesB. absolute but not relative factor prices*C. both relative and absolute factor pricesD. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:A. reduce international differences in per capita incomesB. increases international differences in per capita incomes*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. production in both nationsB. consumption in both nationsC. trade between the two nations*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. two nationsB. two commoditiesC. two factors of production*D. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted without reservations*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factorsB. the same K/L ratioC. technologically-fixed factor proportionsD. equal elasticity of substitution of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件⼜是什么？他与⽣产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T radeMultiple-Choice Questions:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:A. leads to rejection of the theoryB. leaves the theory unaffected*C. requires complementary trade theoriesD. any of the above.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, leav ethe theory unaffected?A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both nations use the same technologyC. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations*D. all of the aboveWhich of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories? *A. Economies of scaleB. incomplete specializationC. similar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of transportation costsInternational trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have ide ntical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. technology*D. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated productsC. is based on monopolistic competition。

国际经济学练习题（英文版）Chapter 7: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade1. External economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA. rises as the industry grows larger.B. falls as the industry grows larger rises as the average firm grows larger.C. falls as the average firm grows larger.D. remains constant.E. None of the above.2. Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA. rises as the industry grows larger.B. falls as the industry grows larger.C. rises as the average firm grows larger.D. falls as the average firm grows larger.E. None of the above.3. External economies of scaleA. may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.B. cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.C. tends to result in one huge monopoly.D. tends to result in large profits for each firm.E. None of the above.4. Internal economies of scaleA. may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.B. cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.C. are associated only with sophisticated products such as aircraft.D. cannot form the basis for international trade .E. None of the above.5. A monopolistic firmA. can sell as much as it wants for any price it determines in the market.B. cannot determine the price, which is determined by consumer demand.C. will never sell a product whose demand is inelastic at the quantity sold.D. cannot sell additional quantity unless it raises the price on each unit.E. None of the above.6. Monopolistic competition is associated withA. cut-throat price competition.B. product differentiation.C. explicit consideration at firm level of the feedback effects of other firms' pricing decisions.D. high profit margins.E. None of the above.7. The most common market structure isA. perfect competition.B. monopolistic competition.C. small-group oligopoly.D. perfectly vertical integration.E. None of the above.8. Modeling trade in monopolistic industries is problematic becauseA. there is no one generally accepted model of oligopoly behavior.B. there are no models of oligopoly behavior.C. it is difficult to find an oligopoly in the real world.D. collusion among oligopolists makes usable data rare.E. None of the above.9. Where there are economies of scale, the scale of production possible in a country is constrained byA. the size of the country.B. the size of the trading partner's country.C. the size of the domestic market.D. the size of the domestic plus the foreign market.E. None of the above.10. Where there are economies of scale, an increase in the size of the market willA. increase the number of firms and raise the price per unit.B. decrease the number of firms and raise the price per unit.C. increase the number of firms and lower the price per unit.D. decrease the number of firms and lower the price per unit.E. None of the above.11. The simultaneous export and import of widgets by the United States is an example ofA. increasing returns to scale.B. imperfect competition.C. intra-industry trade.D. inter-industry trade.E. None of the above.12. If output more than doubles when all inputs are doubled, production is said to occur under conditions ofA. increasing returns to scale.B. imperfect competition.C. intra-industry trade.D. inter-industry trade.E. None of the above.13. Intra-industry trade can be explained in part byA. transportation costs within and between countries.B. problems of data aggregation and categorization.C. increasing returns to scale.D. All of the above.E. None of the above.14. If some industries exhibit internal (firm specific) increasing returns to scale in each country, we should not expect to seeA. intra-industry trade between countries.B. perfect competition in these industries.C. inter-industry trade between countries.D. high levels of specialization in both countries.E. None of the above.15. Intra-industry trade is most common in the trade patterns ofA. developing countries of Asia and Africa.B. industrial countries of Western Europe.C. all countries.D. North-South trade.E. None of the above.16. International trade based on scale economies is likely to be associated withA. Ricardian comparative advantage.B. comparative advantage associated with Heckscher-Ohlin factor-proportions.C. comparative advantage based on quality and service.D. comparative advantage based on diminishing returns.E. None of the above.17. International trade based on external scale economies in both countries is likely to be carried out by aA. relatively large number of price competing firms.B. relatively small number of price competing firms.C. relatively small number of competing oligopolists.D. monopoly firms in each country/industry.E. None of the above.18. International trade based solely on internal scale economies in both countries is likely to be carried out by aA. relatively large number of price competing firms.B. relatively small number of price competing firms.C. relatively small number of competing oligopolists.D. monopoly firms in each country/industry.E. None of the above.19. A monopoly firm engaged in international trade willA. equate average to local costs.B. equate marginal costs with foreign marginal revenues.C. equate marginal costs with the highest price the market will bear.D. equate marginal costs with marginal revenues in both domestic and in foreign markets.E. None of the above.20. A monopoly firm will maximize profits byA. charging the same price in domestic and in foreign markets.B. producing where the marginal revenue is higher in foreign markets.C. producing where the marginal revenue is higher in the domestic market.D. equating the marginal revenues in domestic and foreign markets.E. None of the above.21. A firm in monopolistic competitionA. earns positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B. earns positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.C. earns zero economic profits because it is in perfectly or pure competition.D. earns zero economic profits because of free entry.E. None of the above.22. The larger the number of firms in a monopolistic competition situation,A. the larger are that country's exports.B. the higher is the price charged.C. the fewer varieties are sold.D. the lower is the price charged.E. None of the above.23. The monopolistic competition model is one in which there is/areA. a monopoly.B. perfect competition.C. economies of scale.D. government intervention in the market.E. None of the above.24. In industries in which there are scale economies, the variety of goods that a country can produce is constrained byA. the size of the labor force.B. anti-trust legislationC. the size of the market.D. the fixed cost.25. An industry is characterized by scale economies, andexists in two countries. Should these two countries engage in trade such that the combined market is supplied by one country's industry, thenA. consumers in both countries would suffer higher prices and fewer varieties.B. consumers in the importing country would suffer higher prices and fewer varieties.C. consumers in the exporting country would suffer higher prices and fewer varieties.D. consumers in both countries would enjoy fewer varieties available but lower prices.E. None of the above.26. An industry is characterized by scale economies and exists in two countries. In order for consumers of its products to enjoy both lower prices and more variety of choice,A. each country's marginal cost must equal that of the other country.B. the marginal cost of this industry must equal marginal revenue in the other.C. the monopoly must lower prices in order to sell more.D. the two countries must engage in international trade one with the other.E. None of the above.27. A product is produced in a monopolistically competitive industry with scale economies. If this industry exists in two countries, and these two countries engage in trade one with the other, then we would expectA. the country in which the price of the product is lower will export the product.B. the country with a relative abundance of the factor ofproduction in which production of the product is intensive will export this product.C. each of the countries will export different varieties of the product to the other.D. neither country will export this product since there is no comparative advantage.E. None of the above.28. The reason why one country may export a product which is produced with positive scale economies isA. its labor productivity will tend to be higher.B. it enjoys a relative abundance of the factor intensely used in the product's production.C. its demand is biased in favor of the product.D. its demand is biased against the product.E. None of the above.29. Two countries engaged in trade in products with no scale economies, produced under conditions of perfect competition, are likely to be engaged inA. monopolistic competition.B. inter-industry trade.C. intra-industry trade.D. Heckscher-Ohlin trade.30. Two countries engaged in trade in products with scale economies, produced under conditions of monopolistic competition, are likely to be engaged inA. price competition.B. inter-industry trade.C. intra-industry trade.D. Heckscher-Ohlinean trade.E. None of the above.31. History and accident determine the details of trade involvingA. Ricardian and Classical comparative advantage.B. Heckscher-Ohlin model consideration.C. taste reversals.D. scale economies.E. None of the above.32. We often observe intra-industry North-South trade in "computers and related devices." This is due toA. classification and aggregation ambiguities.B. monopolistic competition.C. specific factors issues.D. scale economies.E. None of the above.33. We often observe "pseudo-intra-industry trade" between the United States and Mexico. Actually, such trade is consistent withA. oligopolistic markets.B. comparative advantage associated with Heckscher-Ohlin model.C. optimal tariff issues.D. huge sucking sound.E. None of the above.34. Intra-industry trade will tend to dominate trade flows when which of the following exists?A. Large differences between relative country factor availabilitiesB. Small differences between relative country factor availabilitiesC. Homogeneous products that cannot be differentiatedD. Constant cost industriesE. None of the above.35. The most common form of price discrimination in international trade isA. non-tariff barriers.B. Voluntary Export Restraints.C. dumping.D. preferential trade arrangements.E. None of the above.Essay Questions1. Why is it that an industry is operating under conditions of domestic internal scale economies (applies to firm in the country) - then the resultant equilibrium cannot be consistent with the pure competition model?2. Is it possible that if positive scale economies characterize an industry, that its equilibrium may be consistent with purely competitive conditions ? Explain how this could happen.3. If a scale economy is the dominant technological factor defining or establishing comparative advantage, then the underlying facts explaining why a particular country dominates world markets in some product may be pure chance, or historical accident. Explain, and compare this with the answer you would give for the Heckscher-Ohlin model of comparative advantage.4. It is possible that trade based on external scale economies may leave a country worse off than it would have been without trade. Explain how this could happen.5. If scale economies were not only external to firms, but were also external to individual countries. That is, the larger the worldwide industry (regardless of where firms or plants are located), the cheaper would be the per-unit cost of production.Describe what world trade would look like in this case.Quantitative/Graphing Problems1. The figure above represents the demand and cost functions facing a Brazilian Steel producing monopolist. If it were unable to export, and was constrained by its domestic market, what quantity would it sell at what price?2. Now the monopolist discovers that it can export as much as it likes of its steel at the world price of $5/ton. It will therefore expand for- export production up to the point where its marginal cost equals $5. How much steel will the monopolist sell, and at what price?3. Given the opportunity to sell at world prices, the marginal (opportunity) cost of selling a ton domestically is what?4. While selling exports it would also maximize its domestic sales by equating its marginal (opportunity) cost to its marginal revenue of $5. How much steel would the firm sell domestically, and at what price?5. The Brazilian firm is charging its foreign (U.S.) customers one half the price it is charging its domestic customers. Is this good or bad for the real income or economic welfare of the United States? Is the Brazilian firm engaged in dumping? Is this predatory behavior on the part of the Brazilian steel company?。

《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA) the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B) the United States is a “Superpower.”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D) the United States invests in many other countries.E) many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.D) the U.S. may not impose export duties.E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fieldsA) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter.D) international trade and international money.E) static and dynamic.4. International monetary analysis focuses onA) the real side of the international economy.B) the international trade side of the international economy.C) the international investment side of the international economy.D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E) the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange.5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the European Union.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6. The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade between neighboringcountries.E) European countries rely most often on natural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A) Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.B) Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on government promotion of trade and investment.C) Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a productive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D) Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on imports.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8. We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are small countries.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9. In the present, most of the exports from China areA) manufactured goods.B) services.C)primary products including agricultural.D) technology intensive products.E) overpriced by world market standards.10. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.11. The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle of comparative advantage result toA) differences in technology.B) differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D) differences in resources.E) gravity relationships among countries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundleA) inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D) inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA) U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B) U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Japan's 20 units per hour.C) U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement “Germany enjoys a comparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships”is equivalent toA) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ships.C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E) France should produce autos.15. If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA) the United States has no comparative advantageB) Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C) the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D) Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E) the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can be mutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B) The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can be mutually beneficial.C) Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D) Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standards of quality.E) Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2. Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most of its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in rice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3. In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?A)LaborB) LandC) ClothD) FoodE) Technology4. The specific factors model assumes that there are ________ goods and ________ factor(s) of production.A) two; threeB) two; twoC) two; oneD) three; twoE) four; three5. The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equal to________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC) -MPLF/MPLC; is constantD) -MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE) -MPLC/MPLF; is constant6. Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce cloth will be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B) the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C) the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D) the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E) the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth.7. In the specific factors model, which of the following will increase the quantity of labor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that of clothC) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8. A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B) it employs a unique technology.C) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D) its wage rate is below the world average.E) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9. In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobile factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positiveC) positive; ambiguous; ambiguousD) negative; ambiguous; ambiguousE) positive; positive; positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries will be ________ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB) fewer; lower; immobileC) more; lower; immobileD) more; higher; mobileE) more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment rate.B) the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C) those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D) foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ inA)tastes and preferences.B) military capabilities.C) the size of their economies.D) relative abundance of factors of production.E) labor productivities.13. If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measured on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibility frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.D) the opportunity cost of good Y.E) the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the cost of labor.14. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will ________ the owners of a country's ________ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor intensively.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC) benefit; scarce; exportD) benefit; scarce; importE) harm; scarce; export15. The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B) countries will benefit from free international trade.C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D) comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E) global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B) an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C) a global increase in the relative price of food.D) a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E) an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade beginsA) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B) supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D) failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E) proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industries.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor-intensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B) all countries would be better off.C) the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D) the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D) world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E) world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA) have no effect on terms of trade.B) improve the terms of trade of the United States.C) improve the terms of trade of all countries.D) because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E) raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its exports, this mustA) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B) have no effect on its terms of trade.C) improve its terms of trade.D) harm its terms of trade.E) harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA) falls as the average firm grows larger.B) rises as the industry grows larger.C) falls as the industry grows larger.D) rises as the average firm grows larger.E) remains constant over a broad range of output.6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost when output is ________ by________.A) reduce; increased; the industryB) reduce; increased; a firmC) increase; increased; a firmD) increase; increased; the industryE) reduce; reduce; the industry7. If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we should not expect to seeA) perfect competition in these industries.B) intra-industry trade between countries.C) inter-industry trade between countries.D) high levels of specialization in both countries.E) increased productivity in both countries.8. A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE) labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than ________ because factors of production are generally ________.A) external economies; natural resources; mobileB) internal economies; external economies; mobileC) external economies; population; immobileD) internal economies; population; immobileE) population; external economies; immobile10. Monopolistic competition is associated withA) product differentiation.B) price-taking behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions.D) high profit margins in the long run.E) increasing returns to scale.11. A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA) positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B) zero economic profits because of free entryC) positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D) negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E) positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12. The most common form of price discrimination in international trade isA) dumping.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Voluntary Export Restraints.D) preferential trade arrangements.E) product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a foreign firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign country. Both are________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ________.A) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE) foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D) the same as import quotas.E) import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15. A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff is thatA) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of the tariff.B) the industry may never "mature."C) most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D) the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E) the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16. In the country levying the tariff, the tariff willA) increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17. If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D) depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E) no longer apply.18. When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.E) rise in only the effective tariff rate.19. Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition of a tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D) production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E) terms of trade gain.20. The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs are dismantled and removed,A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decrease.B) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will increase.C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence increasing national economic welfare.D) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing national economic welfare.E) government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfare.21. Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of international trade disputes?A) World BankB) World Trade OrganizationC) International Monetary OrganizationD) International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE) The League of Nations22. Today U.S. protectionism is concentrated inA) high-tech industries.B) labor-intensive industries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D) computer intensive industries.E) capital-intensive industries.23. The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing industry is best explained by the fact thatA) this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B) this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C) most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D) this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E) the technology involved is very advanced.24. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA) a small tariff imposed by a small country.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country.C) a large tariff imposed by a small country.D) a large tariff imposed by a large country.E) an ad valorem tariff on a small country.25. The median voter modelA) works well in the area of trade policy.B) is not intuitively reasonable.C) tends to result in biased tariff rates.D) does not work well in the area of trade policy.E) is not widely practiced in the United States.By：某某。

《国际经济学》选择题汇总版(附答案)Ch1-Ch31. The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA) the Un ited States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B) the United States is a “ Superpower. ”C) the military power of the Un ited States makes it less depe ndent on anything.D) the Un ited States in vests in many other coun tries.E) many coun tries in vest in the Un ited States.2. Because the Con stituti on forbids restra ints on in terstate trade,A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial in termediary in New York State.D) the U.S. may not impose export duties.E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fieldsA) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) mon etary and barter.D) intern ati onal trade and intern ati onal mon ey.E) static and dyn amic.4. I nternatio nal mon etary an alysis focuses onA) the real side of the international economy.B) the intern ati onal trade side of the intern ati onal economy.C) the international investment side of the international economy.D) the issues of intern ati onal cooperati on betwee n Cen tral Ban ks.E) the mon etary side of the intern ati onal economy, such as curre ncy excha nge.5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA) trade betwee n Asia and the U.S. has grow n faster tha n NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grow n faster tha n trade in goods.C) trade in manu factures has grow n faster tha n in agricultural products.D) In tra-Europea n Union trade exceeds intern ati onal trade by the Europea n Union.E) the U.S. trades more with Wester n Europe tha n it does with Can ada.6. The gravity model expla ins whyA) trade betwee n Swede n and Germa ny exceeds that betwee n Swede n and Spain.B) co un tries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C) capital rich coun tries export capital inten sive products.D) in tra-i ndustry trade is relatively more importa nt tha n other forms of trade betwee n n eighbori ng coun tries.E) Europea n coun tries rely most ofte n on n atural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A) Large econo mies became large because they were en gaged in intern ati onal trade.B) Large econo mies have relatively large in comes, and hence spe nd more on gover nment promoti on of trade and in vestme nt.C) Large econo mies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a productive activity will take place withi n the borders of that coun try.D) Large econo mies tend to have large in comes and tend to spe nd more on imports.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8. We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States tha n with many other coun tries.A) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C) This fails to be con siste nt with the gravity model, since these are small coun tries.D) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E) This is expla ined by the gravity model, si nee they do not share borders.9. In the prese nt, most of the exports from China areA) manu factured goods.B) services.C) primary products including agricultural.D) tech no logy inten sive products.E) overpriced by world market sta ndards.10. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is produci ng exports in directly more efficie ntly tha n it could alter natively.B) is produci ng imports in directly more efficie ntly tha n it could domestically.C) is produci ng exports using fewer labor un its.D) is produci ng imports in directly using fewer labor un its.E) is produci ng exports while outsourci ng services.11. The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle of comparative adva ntage result toA) differe nces in tech no logy.B) differe nces in prefere nces.C) differe nces in labor productivity.D) differe nces in resources.E) gravity relati on ships among coun tries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumptionbun dleA) in side its product ion possibilities fron tier.B) on its product ion possibilities fron tier.C) outside its product ion possibilities fron tier.D) in side its trade-part ner's product ion possibilities fron tier.E) on its trade-part ner's producti on possibilities fron tier.13. Assume that labor is the only factor of product ion and that wages in the Un ited States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japa n are $10 per hour. Producti on costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA) U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 un its per hour and Japa n's 15 un its per hour.B) U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 un its per hour and Japa n's 20 un its p er hour.C) U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 un its per hour and Japa n's 40 un its p er hour.14. In a two-co untry, two-product world, the stateme nt “ Germa ny enjoys a comparative adva ntage over France in autos relative to ships ” is equivale nt toA) France havi ng a comparative adva ntage over Germa ny in ships.B) France havi ng a comparative disadva ntage compared to Germa ny in autos and ships.C) Germa ny havi ng a comparative adva ntage over France in autos and ships.D) France havi ng no comparative adva ntage over Germa ny.E) France should produce autos.15. If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereasGerma ny's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA) the Un ited States has no comparative adva ntageB) Germa ny has a comparative adva ntage in butter.C) the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D) Germa ny has comparative adva ntages in both products.E) the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51. The Ricardia n model of intern ati onal trade dem on strates that trade can be mutually ben eficial. Why, the n, do gover nments restrict imports of some goods?A) Trade can have substa ntial effects on a coun try's distributi on of in come.B) The Ricardia n model is ofte n in correct in its predictio n that trade can be mutually ben eficial.C) Import restrict ions are the result of trade wars betwee n hostile coun tries.D) Imports are on ly restricted whe n foreig n-made goods do n ot meet domestic sta ndards of quality.E) Restrict ions on imports are inten ded to ben efit domestic con sumers.2. Japa n's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japa nese rice farmers have sig ni fica nt political power.B) Japa n has a comparative adva ntage in rice product ion and therefore exports most of its ricecrop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in rice.D) there are gains from trade that Japa n captures by en gagi ng in free trade in rice.E) Japa n imports most of the rice con sumed in the coun try.3. In the specific factors model, which of the follow ing is treated as a specific factor?A) LaborB) LandC) ClothD) FoodE) Tech no logy4. The specific factors model assumes that there are _______ goods and ________ factor(s)of product ion.A) two; threeB) two; twoC) two; oneD) three; twoE) four; three5. The slope of a coun try's product ion possibility fron tier with cloth measured on thehorizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equal to and it as more cloth is produced.A) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC) -MPLF/MPLC; is con sta ntD) -MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE) -MPLC/MPLF; is con sta nt6. Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce cloth will beequal toA) the slope of the product ion possibility fron tier.B) the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C) the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the producti on of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the product ion of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D) the marginal product of labor in the product ion of cloth times the price of cloth.E) the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the product ion of cloth.7. I n the specific factors model, which of the followi ng will in crease the qua ntity of labor usedin cloth product ion?A) an in crease in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an in crease in the price of food relative to that of clothC) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal perce ntage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal perce ntage in crease in the price of food and cloth8. A country that does not en gage in trade can ben efit from trade only ifA) it has an absolute adva ntage in at least one good.B) it employs a unique tech no logy.C) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not ide ntical.D) its wage rate is below the world average.E) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are ide ntical.9. In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are _______ for mobilefactors, _______ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ f orfixed factors used to produce the imported good.A) ambiguous; positive; n egativeB) ambiguous; n egative; positiveC) positive; ambiguous; ambiguousD) n egative; ambiguous; ambiguousE) positive; positive; positive10. The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competi ng in dustries will be_______ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________ .A) fewer; lower; mobileB) fewer; lower; immobileC) more; lower; immobileD) more; higher; mobileE) more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process aga inst free trade becauseA) there is a high correlati on betwee n the volume of imports and the un employme nt rate.B) the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C) those who gain from free trade can't compe nsate those who lose.D) foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better orga ni zed tha n those who gain12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ inA) tastes and prefere nces.B) military capabilities.C) the size of their econo mies.D) relative abundance of factors of product ion.E) labor productivities.13. If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measured on the horiz on tal axis), the n the absolute value of the slope of its product ion possibility fron tier is equal toA) the opport unity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good YC) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y .D) the opport unity cost of good Y .E) the cost of capital (assu ming that good Y is capital inten sive) divided by the cost of labor.14. I n the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will _______ the owners of acoun try's _______factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor inten sively.A) be nefit; abundant; exportB) harm; abundant; importC) ben efit; scarce; exportD) ben efit; scarce; importE) harm; scarce; export15. The assumpti on of diminishing retur ns in the Heckscher-Ohli n model means that, un like in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) coun tries will con sume outside their product ion possibility fron tier.B) coun tries will ben efit from free intern ati onal trade.C) coun tries will not be fully specialized in one product.D) comparative adva ntage will not determ ine the direct ion of trade.E) global producti on will decrease un der trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land inten sive the n trade betwee n these two, formerly autarkic coun tries will result inA) a n in crease in the relative price of food in the U.S.B) an in crease in the relative price of food in Japa n.C) a global in crease in the relative price of food.D) a decrease in the relative price of food in both coun tries.E) an in crease in the relative price of food in both coun tries.17. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relatively labor abundant, the n once trade begi nsA) rent will be un cha nged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18. The Leo ntieff ParadoxA) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B) supported the validity of the Ricardia n theory of comparative adva ntage.C) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D) failed to support the validity of the Ricardia n theory.E) proved that the U.S. economy is differe nt from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.B) An in crease in a coun try's labor supply will in crease product ion of both the capital-inten sive and the labor- inten sive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industries.E) Factor en dowme nts determ ine the tech no logy that is available to a coun try, which determ ines the good in which the country will have a comparative adva ntage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) An in crease in a coun try's labor supply will in crease product ion of the labor- inten sive good and decrease product ion of the capital-inten sive good.B) An in crease in a coun try's labor supply will in crease product ion of both the capital-inten sive and the labor- inten sive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.E) Factor en dowme nts determ ine the tech no logy that is available to a coun try, which determ ines the good in which the country will have a comparative adva ntage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) in creases in the international marketplace, thenA) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B) all coun tries would be better off.C) the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D) the terms of trade of all coun tries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worse n.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) in creases in the international marketplace, thenA) world relative qua ntity of cloth supplied will in crease.B) world relative qua ntity of cloth supplied and dema nded will in crease.C) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D) world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E) world relative qua ntity of food will in crease.3.lf the U.S. (a large coun try) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA) have no effect on terms of trade.B) improve the terms of trade of the Un ited States.C) improve the terms of trade of all coun tries.D) because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E) raise the world price of the good imported by the Un ited States.4.lf Slovenia were a large country in world trade, the n if it i nstituted a large set of subsidies for its exports, this mustA) decrease its marginal prope nsity to con sume.B) have no effect on its terms of trade.C) improve its terms of trade.D) harm its terms of trade.E) harm world terms of trade.5.lnternal econo mies of scale arise whe n the cost per un itA) falls as the average firm grows larger .B) rises as the in dustry grows larger.C) falls as the in dustry grows larger.D) rises as the average firm grows larger.E) rema ins con sta nt over a broad range of output.6. Exter nal econo mies of scale will ______ average cost whe n output is ________ byA) reduce; in creased; the in dustryB) reduce; in creased; a firmC) in crease; in creased; a firmD) in crease; in creased; the in dustryE) reduce; reduce; the in dustry7. If some in dustries exhibit internal in creas ing retur ns to scale in each coun try, we should not expect to seeA) perfect competiti on in these in dustries.B) in tra-i ndustry trade betwee n coun tries.C) inter-in dustry trade betwee n coun tries.D) high levels of specialization in both countries.E) in creased productivity in both coun tries.8. A lear ning curve relates ______ to ________ a nd is a case of ________ returns.A) un it cost; cumulative product ion; dyn amic decreas ing retur nsB) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC) unit cost; cumulative product ion; dyn amic in creas ing retur nsD) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE) labor productivity; educati on; in creas ing marg inal retur ns9. Patter ns of in terregi onal trade are primarily determ ined by _____ r ather tha n _______ because factors of producti on are gen erally ______ .A) exter nal econo mies; n atural resources; mobileB) internal econo mies; exter nal econo mies; mobileC) exter nal econo mies; populati on; immobileD) internal economies; population; immobileE) populati on; exter nal econo mies; immobile10. Monopolistic competition is associated withA) product differe ntiati on.B) price-tak ing behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions.D) high profit margins in the long run.E) in creas ing retur ns to scale.11. A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA) positive mon opoly profits because each sells a differe ntiated product.B) zero econo mic profits because of free entryC) positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differe ntiated product.D) n egative econo mic profits because it has econo mies of scale.E) positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12. The most com mon form of price discrim in ati on in intern ati onal trade isA) dump ing.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Volu ntary Export Restrai nts.D) prefere ntial trade arran geme nts.E) product boycotts.13. Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a foreign firm.In the sec ond, a U.S. firm builds a new product ion facility in a foreig n coun try. Both are , with the first referred to as _______________________ and the sec ond as ________ .A) foreig n direct in vestme nt (FDI) outflows; brow nfield; gree nfieldB) foreig n direct in vestme nt (FDI) in flows; gree nfield; brow nfieldC) foreig n direct i nvestme nt (FDI) outflows; gree nfield; brow nfieldD) foreig n direct i nvestme nt (FDI) in flows; brow nfield; gree nfieldE) foreig n direct in vestme nt (FDI); in flows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each un it of imported goods.C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D) the same as import quotas.E) import taxes calculated based solely on the origi n coun try.15. A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff is thatA) domestic con sumers will purchase the foreig n good regardless of the tariff.B) the in dustry may n ever "mature."C) most in dustries require tar肝protect ion whe n they are mature.D) the tariff may hurt the in dustry's domestic sales.E) the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16. In the country levying the tariff, the tariff willA) in crease both con sumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the con sumer and producer surplus.C) decrease con sumer surplus and in crease producer surplus.D) in crease con sumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease con sumer surplus but leave producers surplus un cha nged.17. If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domestically produced semic on ductors to imported comp onen ts, the n the effective rate of protect ion in the computer in dustry willA) in crease.B) decreaseC) rema in the same.D) depe nd on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E) no Ion ger apply.18. When a gover nment allows raw materials and other in termediate products to en ter a country duty free, this gen erally results in a(a n)A) effective tariff rate less tha n the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less tha n the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.E) rise in only the effective tariff rate.19. Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition of a tariff on imports would lead to an in crease in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade recta ngle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistributi on effect.B) protective effect plus reve nue effect.C) con sumpti on effect plus redistributi on effect.D) product ion distorti on effect plus con sumpti on distorti on effect.E) terms of trade gain.20. The efficie ncy case made for free trade is that as trade distort ions such as tariffs are disma ntled and removed,A) gover nment tariff reve nue will decrease, and therefore n atio nal econo mic welfare will decrease.B) gover nment tariff reve nue will decrease, and therefore n ati onal econo mic welfare will in crease.C) deadweight losses for producers and con sumers will decrease, hence in creas ing n ati onal econo mic welfare.D) deadweight losses for producers and con sumers will decrease, hence decreas ing n ati onal econo mic welfare.E) gover nment tar肝reve nue will in crease, hence in creas ing n ati onal econo mic welfare.21. Which orga ni zatio n determ ines procedures for the settleme nt of intern ati onal trade disputes?A) World Ba nkB) World Trade Orga ni zati onC) Intern ati onal Mon etary Orga ni zati onD) Intern atio nal Bank for Rec on structio n and Developme ntE) The League of Nati ons22. Today U.S. protect ionism is concen trated inA) high-tech in dustries.B) labor- inten sive in dustries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D) computer inten sive in dustries.E) capital-inten sive in dustries.23. The qua ntitative importa nee of U.S. protect ion of the domestic cloth ing in dustry is best expla ined by the fact thatA) this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B) this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C) most of the exporters of cloth ing into the U.S. are poor coun tries.D) this in dustry is a politically well orga ni zed sector in the U.S.E) the tech no logy in volved is very adva need.24. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA) a small tariff imposed by a small coun try.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country.C) a large tariff imposed by a small coun try.D) a large tariff imposed by a large coun try.E) an ad valorem tariff on a small country.25. The media n voter modelA) works well in the area of trade policy.B) is not in tuitively reas on able.C) tends to result in biased tariff rates.D) does not work well in the area of trade policy.E) is not widely practiced in the Un ited States.By：某某。

International Economics’Middle Test1.The mercantilists would have objected to:a. Export promotion policies initiated by the governmentb. The use of tariffs or quotas to restrict importsc.Trade policies designed to accumulate gold and other precious metalsd. International trade based on open markets2. Unlike Adam Smith, David Ricardo’ s trading principle emphasizes the:a. Demand side of the marketb. Supply side of the marketc. Role of comparative costsd. Role of absolute costs3. A nation that gains from trade will find its consumption point being located:a. Inside its production possibilities curveb.Along its production possibilities curvec.Outside its production possibilities curved.None of the above4. If a production possibilities curve is bowed out (i.e., concave) in appearance, production occurs under conditions of:a. Constant opportunity costsb. Increasing opportunity costsc. Decreasing opportunity costsd. Zero opportunity costs5.Increasing opportunity costs suggest that:a.Resources are not perfectly shiftable between the production of two goodsb.Resources are fully shiftable between the production of two goodsc. A country ’ s production possibilities curve appears as a straight lined. A country ’ s production possibilities curve is bowed inward (i.e., convex) in appearance6. The trading- triangle concept is used to indicate a nation’ s:a. Exports, marginal rate of transformation, terms of tradeb.Imports, terms of trade, marginal rate of transformationc.Marginal rate of transformation, imports, exportsd.Terms of trade, exports, imports7.The earliest statement of the principle of comparative advantage is associated with:a. Adam Smithb.David Ricardoc.Eli Heckscherd. Bertil Ohlin8.When a nation achieves autarky equilibrium:a. Input price equals final product priceb. Labor productivity equals the wage ratec.Imports equal exportsd.Production equals consumption9.The gains from international trade increase as:a. A nation consumes inside of its production possibilities scheduleb. A nation consumes along its production possibilities schedulec. The international terms of trade rises above the nation ’ s autarky priced. The international terms of trad e approaches the nation ’ s autarky price10. Under free trade, Canada would not enjoy any gains from trade with Sweden if Canada:a. Trades at the Canadian rate of transformationb. Trades at Sweden ’ s rate of transformationc. Specializes completely in the production of its export goodd. Specializes partially in the production of its export good11. A rise in the price of imports or a fall in the price of exports will:a. Improve the terms of tradeb. Worsen the terms of tradec. Expand the production possibilities curved. Contract the production possibilities curve12. A term-of-trade index that equals 90 indicates that compared to the base year:a.It requires a greater output of domestic goods to obtain the same amount of foreign goodsb.It requires a lesser amount of domestic goods to obtain the same amount of foreign goodsc.The price of exports has fallen from $100 to $90d.The price of imports has fallen from $100 to $9013.The use of indifference curves helps us determine the point:a. Along the production possibilities curve a country will chooseb. At which a country maximizes its resource productivityc. At which a country ceases to become competitived. Where the marginal rate of transformation approaches zero14. The equilibrium prices and quantities established after trade are fully determinate if we know:a. The location of all countries ’ indifferenceb. curvesTheshape of each country ’ s production possibilities curvec. The comparative costs of each trading partnerd.The strength of world supply and demand for each good15. In the absence of trade, a nation is in equilibrium where a community indifference curve:1a. Lies above its production possibilities curveb. Is tangent to its production possibilities curvec. Intersects its production possibilities curved. Lies below its production possibilities curve16. Which of the following is false concerning indifference curves?a. They illustrate how the nation ranks alternative consumption bundlesb. Higher curves refer to more satisfactionc. They are negatively sloped, being bowed out away from the diagram ’ s origind. They reflect the tastes and preferences of a consumer17.The marginal rate of substitution is measured by the absolute value of the slope of a (an):a. Production possibilities curveb. Indifference curvec. Production possibilities curved. Demand curve18. According to Staffan Linder, trade between two countries tends to be most pronounced when the countries:a.Find their tastes and preferences to be quite harmoniousb.Experience economies of large-scale production over large output levelsc.Face dissimilar relative abundances of the factors of productiond.Find their per capita income levels to be approximately the same19.Which of the following is a long-run theory, emphasizing changes in the trading position of a nation over a number of years?a.Theory of factor endowmentsparative advantage theoryc.Theory of the product cycled.Overlapping demand theory20.The Leontief paradox questioned the validity of the theory of:a. Comparative advantageb. Factor endowmentsc. Overlapping demandsd. Absolute advantage21.When considering the effects of transportation costs, the conclusions of our trade model must be modified. This is because transportation costs result in:a.Lower trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from tradeb.Lower trade volume, lower import prices, smaller gains from tradec.Higher trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from traded.Higher trade volume, lower import prices, greater gains from trade22.Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin are associated with the theory of comparative advantage that stresses differences in:a. Income levels among countriesb. Tastes and preferences among countriesc. Resource endowments among countriesd. Labor productivities among countries23. A firm is said to enjoy economies of scale over the range of output for which the long-run average cost is:a. Increasingb. Constantc. Decreasingd. None of the above24. Which of the following best applies to the theory of overlapping demands?a. Manufactured goodsb. Servicesc. Primary productsd. None of the above25. Which trade theory is tantamount to a short-run version of the factor price equalization theory?a. Specific factors theoryb. Product life cycle theoryc. Economies of scale theoryd. Overlapping demand theory26. Intraindustry trade can be explained in part by:a. Adam Smith ’ s principle of absolute advantageb. Perfect competition in product marketsc. Diseconomies of large scale productiond. Transportation costs between and within nations27. Which of the following would least likely apply to the product life cycle theory?a. Calculators and computersb. Coal and crude oilc. Home movie camerasd. Office machinery28. According to the factor endowment model, countries heavily endowed with land will:a. Devote excessive amounts of resources to agricultural production c. Export products that are land-intensiveb. Devote insufficient amounts of resources to agricultural production d. Import products that are land-intensive29. Given free trade, small nations tend to benefit the most from trade since they:a. Are more productive than their large trading partnersb. A re less productive than their large trading partnersc.Have demand preferences and income levels lower than their large trading partnersd.Enjoy terms of trade lying near the opportunity costs of their large trading partners30.The terms of trade is given by the prices:a. Paid for all goods imported by the home countryb.Received for all goods exported by the home countryc.Received for exports and paid for importsd.Of primary products as opposed to manufactured productsAnswer:dccba dbdca baadb cbdcb accaa dbcdc2。

【国际经济学】英文题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is give n by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is largerA. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of int ernational economics?A. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome: *A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of s ociety:A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit U.S. importers*B. benefits U.S. exportersC. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative AdvantageMultiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established t hat nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must hav e:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while natio n B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial t rade between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true?A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slop edB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is gi ven by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two n ations*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based up on a difference in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的？现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？比较优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的？Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation inc urs increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are l ess and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain on the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remai n on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a high er indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a high er indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be ov ercome by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above.8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation? *A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeA. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at equili briumB. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at equili briumC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alwa ys:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of TradeMultiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correct?A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodi ty*D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodit yB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not th e equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier a nd indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves*D. all of the above8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium anal ysis?A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price wit h tradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all markets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the tra de partner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner: *A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityC. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin TheoryMultiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:*A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a dif ference in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:A. technology*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:A. relative but not absolute factor pricesB. absolute but not relative factor prices*C. both relative and absolute factor pricesD. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:A. reduce international differences in per capita incomesB. increases international differences in per capita incomes*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. production in both nationsB. consumption in both nationsC. trade between the two nations*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. two nationsB. two commoditiesC. two factors of production*D. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted without reservations*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factorsB. the same K/L ratioC. technologically-fixed factor proportionsD. equal elasticity of substitution of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T radeMultiple-Choice Questions:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:A. leads to rejection of the theoryB. leaves the theory unaffected*C. requires complementary trade theoriesD. any of the above.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, le avethe theory unaffected?A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both nations use the same technologyC. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations*D. all of the aboveWhich of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories?*A. Economies of scaleB. incomplete specializationC. similar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of transportation costsInternational trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have i dentical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. technology*D. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated productsC. is based on monopolistic competition*D. all of the above6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:A. among industrial countriesB. between developed and developing countriesC. in industrial goods*D. all of the aboveThe theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market existswas advanced by:*A. LinderB. VernonC. LeontiefD. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:A. because products are homogeneous*B. in order to take advantage of economies of scaleC. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationD. all of the aboveIf a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intr a-industry (T) index is equal to:A. 1.00B. 0.75*C. 0.50D. 0.2510. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:A. the H-O theory*B. the product-cycle theoryC. Linder's theoryD. all of the above11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theor y?A. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countriesB. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesC. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to less adva nced countries*D. all of the above12. Transport costs:A. increase the price in the importing countryB. reduces the price in the exporting country*C. both of the aboveD. neither A nor B.13. Transport costs can be analyzed:A. with demand and supply curvesB. production frontiersC. offer curves*D. all of the above14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:*A. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityB. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityC. exporting agricultural productsD. with the largest domestic market15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:A. gains weight in processingB. loses weight in processingC. both of the above*D. neither A nor B.思考题：本章的贸易理论与基于比较优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输成本对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？2009年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸发展有何影响？Chapter 7: Economic Growth and International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityB. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityC. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*D. all of the above.3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:A. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityC. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityD. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodit y prices:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodityC. increases the output of both commoditiesD. any of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:A. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodityB. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity*C. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodityD. any of the aboveTechnical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called:*A. capital savingB. labor savingC. neutralD. any of the above7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:A. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percentB. does not affect the output of XC. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only*D. any of the above8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:*A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of tradeD. all of the above9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the aboveIf, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then t henation's terms of trade can be expected to:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the aboveA proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is l ikelyto result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports: A. the K-intensive commodity*B. the L-intensive commodityC. either commodityD. both commodities12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:*A. may reduce the nation's welfareB. will reduce the nation's welfareC. will increase the nation's welfareD. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. increases the nation's welfareB. improves the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the above14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:A. reduces the volume of trade*B. increases the volume of tradeC. leaves the volume of trade unchangedD. any of the above15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B: *A. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation AB. will increase the terms of trade of Nation AC. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation BD. any of the above思考题：要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善？Chapter 8: Trade Restrictions: TariffsMultiple-choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded co mmodityB. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodit y.C. Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution*D. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff2. A small nation is one:A. which does not affect world price by its tradingB. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityC. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount o f the tariff*D. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:A. consumption of the commodity increasesB. production of the commodity decreasesC. imports of the commodity increase*D. none of the aboveThe increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured by the area:*A. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without t he tariffB. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tarif f。