2018年管理类联考英语(二)大纲解析

2018考研英语(二)考试大纲原文(二)考试内容试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用主要考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

第二部分阅读理解主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。

该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。

A节(20小题)本节为多项选择题。

共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右。

要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。

考生需要在每小题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。

每篇文章设5题，共20题。

每小题2分，共40分。

B节(5小题)本节有两种备选题型。

每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。

本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。

备选题型包括：1)多项对应本节为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。

要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。

2)小标题对应在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。

这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。

要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。

第三部分翻译考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。

要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。

共15分。

第四部分写作该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。

共2题，25分。

A节考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

2018年考研英语二大纲解读与复习备考攻略2018年的英语二考研大纲已经发布，这时候考研学生们要做的就是针对大纲进行解读和有目的的复习备考。

下面是小编分享的考研英语二大纲解读与复习备考攻略，一起来看看吧。

考研英语二大纲解读与复习备考攻略一、词汇复习继续查漏补缺，坚持有始有终。

英语词汇的记忆是考研英语备考复习的第一步，也是至关重要的一步。

在这个阶段，大家要继续坚持对5500大纲词汇进行查漏补缺，此外，核心阅读词汇及相关的短语词组搭配是大家复习的重中之重。

大家应在阅读和写作中不断总结归纳常考必考词汇及短语和词组搭配，反复记忆，在语境中理解分析，做到对大纲核心词汇和必考词组搭配熟练掌握。

二、阅读复习以真题为核心，熟悉英二真题出题规律。

阅读是整个考研英语试卷中的核心模块，正所谓“得阅读者得考研英语”，在此阶段，大家对于阅读的复习不可掉以轻心，应熟练掌握考研英语阅读完整的解题思路，并能够把握真题的选项出题特点，不断提高阅读的正确率。

同时，大家应能够对做题时间进行准确把握，避免因做题速度过慢导致失分。

三、翻译复习掌握翻译必考知识点，围绕真题强化翻译练习。

英语二的翻译在整个试卷中占据的分值为15分，相对比重较大，因此，大家不能忽视对于翻译模块的复习。

在翻译复习中，大家应对翻译真题进行认真钻研，明确翻译必考语法知识点，并以翻译真题为中心进行翻译强化练习，不断提升自身翻译水平，确保汉语译文通顺、准确。

此外，鉴于英语二的真题量相对较少，大家可以从英语一的翻译真题中选取部分真题进行翻译练习。

四、写作复习真题范文背诵，模板作文写作。

考研作文所占分值比重很大，作文能否拿到高分有可能决定此次考研的胜败。

而写作是英语综合运用能力的体现，对考生语言功底有着很高的要求。

考生在此阶段应加强写作练习，适当背诵范文，不断积累相关话题句型表达，坚持每周进行写作练习。

考研英语怎么复习效果最好最近很多学弟学妹都让我传授一下考研英语的复习经验，今天趁闲，我在这统一回答一下大家的问题，希望我的建议对大家有帮助。

2018考研英语(二)大纲翻译部分解析2015年9月18日，《2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲》公布，与去年英语(二)大纲相比，今年的翻译部分没有发生任何变化。

在形式和句式上，要求翻译150词左右的一个或几个段落，较英语(一)翻译五个划线句子，连贯性强，使得理解更容易;由于英语(二)的翻译部分属于段落翻译，而英语这门语言的在行文的上具有长短相间的特点，这便降低了英语(二)翻译部分整体上的难度，使得句式不像在英语(一)中那样，五句话句句长难句。

在体裁上，考查考生理解所给英语材料并将其译成汉语的能力，内容上较为生活化，，涉及很多生活领域中的知识，对于考生来说，更加易于理解和把握。

在分值上，满分为15分，根据文章相关部分的具体情况分配。

相对于英语(一)翻译部分考察要求，主要在于表达方面。

英语表述逻辑和汉语有差别，在翻译过程中进行语言转换时，需要借助翻译技巧。

常见的句子翻译技巧很多，包括长句化短，语序的调整，被动语态以及各类从句的翻译等。

考生们只需要满足大纲中提供的六字翻译标准，即“准确、完整、通顺”。

如果说理解是在原文中选义的过程，那么表达就是在译文中选词的过程，即在译文中寻找最恰当的表达方法。

经历六年的考查，考研英语(二)翻译的难度浮动趋于稳定，一般没有大范围的难度浮动，对于在英语(二)中“性价比”相对高的题型，各位考生要重视这15分，按照老师的指导科学地备考完全可以达到考研的要求，拿到理想的分数。

考研英语二同样侧重对学生英语阅读和写作能力的考察。

同英语一相比，英语二在阅读能力的考察上有六点要求： (1)理解主旨要义; (2)理解文中的具体信息; （3）理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系; (4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义; (5)进行一定的判断和推理; (6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

比英语一少了两点要求，分别是理解文中的概念性含义和区分论点和论据。

这说明英语二更侧重考生对文章主旨和结构的考察，我们在阅读过程中只要抓住文章的主题思想，理清文章脉络，答题时基本上就没有什么问题了。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲（非英语专业）（2018年版）I。

考试性质英语（二）考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II。

考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1。

语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：（1）名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；（2）动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；（3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；（4）常用连接词的词义及其用法；（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；（6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法；（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法；（8）倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2。

词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组（详见附录相关部分）。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

（二）语言技能1。

阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中的具体信息；（3）理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系；（4）根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义；（5）进行一定的判断和推理；（6）理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2。

写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

III。

考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark,A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that willobviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals thatthe need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity evenwhen it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University ofChicagoBooth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that theresearcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the penswould ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-sevenwere told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the studentswho did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experimentsreplicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as thebasic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct —itcan ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing anunpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These resultssuggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead oftime can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “ Thinking aboutlong-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects ofcuriosity, e ” H says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B.trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. school12. A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13. A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C. strategies D. consequences【答案】1. A resolve 8. A happen 15. A resist2. C seek 9. B such as 16. A predict3. D hurt 10. D discover 17.B choose4. C expose 11. C food 18. C outcome5. B trial 12. D lead to 19. A whether6. C deliver 13. B inquiry 20. D consequences7. D when 14. A self-destructiveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing isnecessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuckwithgenerations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling abicycle.But he’also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands isseen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education“ have that stereotype ... that it ’ s for kids who can ’ t make it academically, On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s degreesll–andforathe subtle devaluingof anything less –misses an important point: That ’ s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor ’ s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren ’equippedt to do them. Koziatek ’ s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’ s school is a wake-upcall. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation ’ s diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students ___ ’lack ofA.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ___A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___B.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push intobachelor ’ s degrees for all ___A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author ’ s attitude toward Koziateschool can’s be described as ___A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels –coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world ’ senergy supply, it ’ s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sourcesh suc as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businessesto fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panelshas dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in thepast eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path toeconomic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not playwell with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent ofthe state ’ s electricity generationand where tech– giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “ whathappens when the wind doesn’blowt or the sun doesn’ tshine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storagecapacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big betson battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roadsin 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’s a long way to go, the trend lines forrenewable are spiking. Thepace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up–perhaps just in time tohave a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does – ordoesn’dot –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of aglobal shift in thought.26.The word “ plummeting(line3”.para2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. risingB.fallingC.changingD.stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy source B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels C.tech giants are investing in clean energy D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US government Dis not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’havet any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users ’friendships and social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of theWhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’ s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied itmay have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. Butthere is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’ tpay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them–and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’ re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’feelt like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple whichwas not apt.31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____. A.digital productsB． user informationB.physical assetsC.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____. A.worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author ofDeep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building ahabit of “ deep work-the ability” to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or taking a“ journalistic ” approach to seizing momentsofdeep work when you can throughoutthe day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time andstick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling ”to combat constant interruptionsand get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep workscheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this timelike Iwould a doctor ’ s appointment or important meeting, ” he writes. Anotherapproach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities you ’-rein pd a rticulary how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author ofmessy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduatesinto two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goalsIn much more detail, day by day.While the researchersassumed that the well-structured daily plans would bemost effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: thedetailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitabledistractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embracedowntime, or as Newport suggests, “ be lazy ”.“ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary togetting any work done, ” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due tothe way our brains operate. When our brain switches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“ what people don ’ t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in their brain ” , says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific dailyplansD. Keep to your focus time37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules are indispensable to studying38.According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brain ’ s shift between being focusedand inA. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the mostsuitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET .（10 points）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too" sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a newperson a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, and newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversationwith them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don ’ t know & you look across the room and you see a stranger and something within you says that I want to talkwith this person & you know something that mostly happens with all of us, youwanted to say something the First word. It just won ’ t come out. It feels like it stuck somewhere and refused to come out. I know the feeling & here is my advice “ Just it out ”.Just think what the worst could happen. They won ’ t talk with you. Well they are not talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else just gets flows. Sokeep it simple “ Hi ” , ” Hey” or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather allof the enthusiasm, the energy, put on a big smile and say “ Hi ”.42It ’ s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “ h” , “ hello ” , “ how are you ” and going on? ” , you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don ’ t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you ’ ll besurpristo see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to find the thingswhich you and that person is in common so that you can build the conversation fromthat point. When you start conversation from that point & then move outwards fromthere you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy theirphone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “ I can multitask So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after some timeyou may have met again and you forgotten their name. Isn awkward!’ t thatSo remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with.Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like,the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’ s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almostanyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41.B Just say it.42.G Skip the small talk.43. E Find the “me too ’s.44. A Be Present.45.D Name，Place，Thing.46.Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks “ astronautbut”quickly adds “ scientist to the” list andselect it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to sciencefiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a reading “policy ” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’stopped reading yet —not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays， his readingmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently， he revealedthat he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titlesbecause they explain how the world works. “ Eachbook opens up new avenues ofknowledge, ” Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要求是从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。

2018考研英语二真题及答案解析2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people wil 2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.In a series of experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’willingness to4themse lves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would 6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room.The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same asthe basic drives for11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can12new scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on on e’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.School in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product ofAme rica’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.Bu t the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices ofrenewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sourcesappears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa,.A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom wasenormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460 shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,petition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obviouswhen the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends“deepscheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At an y given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power ofDisorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy.We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”.says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport,idleness is________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused_______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about_______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment,places,thingsE.Find the“me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out.It feels like itis stuck somewhere,I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think:that is the worst that could h appen?They won’t talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face:you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are yo u?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go,the things they like,the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough.He can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books;recently,he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation,and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解Section I Use of English【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

2018考研英语(二)考试大纲原文(非英语专业)(2018年版)I.考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2.词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2.写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案解析1.【答案】[A]【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网上的负面评论，并做一些明显会让人伤心的事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

[A]解决；[B]保护；[C]讨论；[D]忽视。

根据语境可知[A]项。

2.【答案】[C]【解析】本题考查动介词搭配。

句意：人们会___满足自己的好奇心。

[A]拒绝；[B]等待；[C]寻求，力求；[D]后悔。

结合空格前三句及选项释义可知，[C]项符合文义。

3.【答案】[D]【解析】句意：新的研究发现，人们想要知道的欲望十分强烈，即使答案明显会_____，人们也会去满足自己的好奇心。

[A]提高，增长；[B]持续；[C]误导，使误信；[D]使伤心，感到疼痛。

根据语境及转折副词even可推知，此处应选[D]项。

4.【答案】[C]【解析】本题考查固定搭配。

句意：在连续的四项实验中，芝加哥大学和威斯康星商学院的行为科学家测试了学生是否会为了满足好奇心而愿意让他们自己_____不愉快的刺激。

expose sb./oneself to sth.是固定搭配，意为“使面临，使遭受”，符合语境。

故选[C]项。

5.【答案】[B]【解析】根据文章第二段句首In a series of four experiments及该句后半部分a previous experiment可推知，该空处所缺词应为“实验”之意。

[A]信息；[B]实验；[C]复习；[D]观念。

故选[B]项。

6.【答案】[C]【解析】动宾搭配。

结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会____电流。

”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流。

[A]移除；[B]削弱；[C]传递；[D]打扰。

[A]项符合语境。

7.【答案】[D]【解析】考查时间状语。

句意：___被独自留在房间，学生会……”,这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。

选[D]项。

8.【答案】[A]【解析】动词辨析。