焦英版《英美文化与习俗》重点 部分课后答案

英美文化课后答案6Lecture 6 Social Life and CustomsT ell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FFFTT/FFTFT 11-20: FFFFF/TTTTT 21-29: FTFFF/FTFTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. the public opinion; people’s morals, rule2. The Times; The Guardian; The Daily Telegraph; The Observer3. The Guardian; the Labor Party; the Conservative4. Football Association5. flat racing; hurdle racing6. American Football Conference, National Football Conference7. The New York Times; The Washington post; The Wall Street Journal; The Los Angeles Times8.2.25 million 9. candy 10. bonfires; jack-o’-lanterns 11. Football Association 12. steeplechase 13. 16 or 17 14. during the July to September quarter 15. The British LibraryChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BBDAC/DDCCA11-20: BDBCD/CCADC 21-30: DABDC/ DACBDExplain the following terms.1. TabloidTabloids always deal in some scandals and gossip of the famous people in politic s, sports or entertainment.2. BBCFor a long period, the only television programs in Britain were produced by the BBC, the British Broadcasting Company, which was funded by the sale of TV licenses. The BBC was sponsored by the national government, which broadcasts radio and television programs for domestic and foreign markets.3. WimbledonWimbledon is the place now where the best tennis players gather to compete for a championship. It is a suburb of London. The Wimbledon Cup is one of the major sports events in Britain and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.4. Horse racingHorse racing is the true sport of British Kings and Queens. The two types of horse racing are flat racing and hurdle racing. Flat racing is racing where horse riders compete on a flat track. Hurdle racing is racing across the countryside or around the obstacles encountered.5. ChristmasChristmas is celebrated on December 25 and is the greatest of the Christian festivals. Christmas is a religious holiday during which Christians commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ. There are three traditions for Christmas Day in Britain. The first is Christmas Pantomime, which is a comical musical play. Another tradition on Christmas is to hear the Queen of Britain give her Christmas message through television and radio. The third British tradition is Boxing Day whichis the day after Christmas.6. USA TodayOf all the newspapers, the most widely circulated paper in the United States is USA Today averaging over 2.25 million copies every weekday.7. All-Star GameIt is the game in which the best players from basketball teams from the eastern and western divisions display their skills. It begins in mid-February.8. ThanksgivingThanksgiving always occurs on the fourth Thursday in November at the end of the harvest season. It is a festival to express thanks for the year’s harvest. On Thanksgiving Day family members always gather for a rich dinner of roast turkey with stuffing, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie, which are traditional foods eaten on the first Thanksgiving.9. HalloweenHalloween is celebrated on October 31st, shortened from All-Hallows-Eve, the night when the ghosts of the dead walked around. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, bonfires, costume parties, carving jack-o'-lanterns, haunted houses, reading scary stories and watching horror movies.10. Trick-or-treatingOn this day the children will dress like the character of a book or movie and go “trick-or-treating”. Children knock on neighbors’ doors asking for candy as a treat.Short Answer Questions1.These magazines often contain short stories and serials of strong romantic interest, as well aspractical advice and hints for housewives.2.These are terms which refer to the size of the paper: broadsheet being double the size tabloid.However, the term “tabloid” is traditionally associated with the popular press and concentrates on entertainment; broadsheet is associated with the quality press and places its emphasis on information and analysis.3.In the nineteenth century, students at Oxford and Cambridge, Britain’s two oldest universities,were huge fans of rowing. In 1829, the two schools agreed to hold a race against each other for the first time on the Thames River. The oxford boat won and a tradition was born.4.Shakespeare’s famous plays include tragedies, such as Hamlet (1603), Othello(1604), andKing Lear (1605); comedies, such as A midsummer Night’s Dream(1594-96) and Twelfth Night (1602); and history plays, such as Henry IV, part 1 – 2.5.Rugby League is played mainly in the north of England, and Rugby Union is played in therest of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. The main difference between the two is that the former (which used to be strictly amateur) is played with teams of 15 players, and the latter (which is played by amateurs and professionals) has 13 players to a team.。

英美文化课后答案2Lecture 2 HistoryTell wheher each of the following statements is true or false1-10: FTTFT/TFTFF 11-20: FTTTF/FTTFFFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Celt2. Romans3.5th4. Viking; 10665. Hundred Years’ War6. York7. divorce8.11 9. Elizabeth I; Queen Victoria 10. America 11. 1492 12. Virginia; 1607 13. Thanksgiving Day 14. 13 15. Declaration of Independence 16. 4th of July 17. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 18. 1865 19. World War I 20. World War II 21. Puritans, religious, Mayflower 22. Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, National Day 23. Monroe Doctrine, colonize, interfere 24. agrarian, industrial, Andrew Jackson 25. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, slavery 26. 1932, recovery, New DealChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in text.1-10: ABDCD/CBDAB 11-20: CBDCB/DCADD 21-30: BDABA/DCBCBExplain the following terms.1. The Anglo-SaxonsIn the 5th century, the tribes called the Angles and Saxons invaded Britain, coming from northern Europe. By the end of the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain. Their language was called Old English. From them comes the name of “England” and “English”; England came from “Angle-land” meaning the land of the Anglo-Saxons.2. Norman ConquestAfter King Edward died, Duke William of Normandy, from northern France, declared that Edward had promised to let him become the king. On October 14, 1066, William and his army invaded England and defeated the English army. He was made king and crowned in Westminster Abby on Christmas Day, 1066. William is often referred to as William the Conqueror in English history.3. Robin HoodEngland's best-loved legend of Robin Hood is an outlawed Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans. He hid i n the forest near Sherwood with his band of followers, called “merry men”. From this secret wood, they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor with their longbows. Robin Hood has been a popular subject of numerous films, television series, books, comics and plays.4. The Hundred Years’ WarAt the beginning of the 14th century, England developed into a stronger state in Europe. Consequently, the rich wanted to control more markets and the nobles wanted to regain their lost land. When King Edward III of England declared that he should become the French king, the French rejected his claim so he declared war on France in 1337. The war lasted intermittently for116 years, hence being known as the Hundred Years’ War.5. The Civil WarIn January 1642 the Civil War broke out between the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King). The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory and it led to the execution of Charles I, and his son Charles II was driven out of the country in 1649. In addition to that, Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Roundheads,formed republican England, known as the Commonwealth of England and the English monarchy was abolished.6. American IndiansThe American Indians were the descendants of t he Mongoloid. The name “Indians” was given by Columbus when he mistook them for the people of India. It is believed that about 25,000 years ago the Indians crossed the Bering Strait land bridge to Alaska. The American Indians developed the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.7. Columbus’ “discovery ” of AmericaIn 1492, Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance his voyage. He believed that by sailing west from Europe, he could reach India. Columbus failed to reach India but landed at one of the Caribbean islands instead. He mistook these islands for part of India and called the local people Indians.8. The MayflowerThe Mayflower has a famous position in American history as a symbol of early European colonization. With their religion oppressed by the Church of England, in the autumn of 1620, 102 people sailed to the New World in a ship named the “Mayflower”. Late in December, the Mayflower finally landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.9. Declaration of IndependenceOn July 2, 1776, the Congress finally determined that these United Colonies ought to be free and independent states. Thomas Jefferson, assisted by Benjamin Franklin, drafted the Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776. It announced the independence of 13 North American colonies and the birth of a new nation.10. Abraham LincolnIn March 1861 Abraham Lincoln took the office of president. He realized that by making the war a battle against slavery, he could win support for the Union at home and abroad. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves.11. William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616): English playwright and poet, whose body of works is considered as the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theater in London, include historical works, comedies and tragedies. He also composed 154 sonnets and 36 plays.12. Sir Francis BaconSir Francis Bacon (1561-1626): English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman. His writings include The Advancement of Learning (1605) and The Novum Organum (1620), in which he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experimentation that came to be known as the inductive method.13. Gunpowder PlotGunpowder Plot: Conspiracy of a group of English Catholics to blow up the Houses of parliament where King James I was present on 5 November, 1605. The plan was discovered and Guy Fawkes was caught and burnt alive. In England, 5 November is celebrated with bonfires, fireworks and the burning of the effigies.14. Great Fire of LondonGreat Fire of London (2-5 September, 1666): Worst fire in London’s history. It destroyed a large part of the city, including most of the civic buildings, St. Paul’s Cathedral, 87 parish churches, and about 13,000 houses. It began accidentally at the house of the king’s baker in Pudding Lane near London Bridge.15. Suez Canal CrisisSuez Canal Crisis: A major international incident that arose in 1956 from the decision by Gamal A. Nasser, President of Egypt, to nationalize the Suez Canal, which long had been controlled by Great Britain. After Nasser took over the canal, Britain and France induced Israel to provoke a conflict with Egypt that would serve as a pretext for an Anglo-French invasion of Egypt. The United States, which had been excluded from the planned invasion, denounced it. The incident severely damaged Anglo-American relations.16. John MajorJohn Major (1943- ): British banker and conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister from 1990 to 1997. during this administration, he advocated privatization, anti-inflationary budget discipline, and negotiations for peace in Northern Ireland.17. the First Continental CongressIn September 1774, 55 representatives from all the colonies except Georgia held a meeting in Philadelphia to talk about their troubles with their mother country. The meeting was called the First Continental Congress. At the meeting the majority of representatives still thought they could settle their quarrel with the British by peaceful means. They agreed to refuse to buy British goods, hoping in this way to force the British Government to give in to their demands. They also agreed to raise a volunteer army to protect the colonies if Britain used force to break the boycott.18. Louisiana PurchaseThe most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase, in 1803, gave Western farmer use of the important Mississippi River waterway, removed the French presence from the western border of US, provided US farmers with vast expanses of land, and furthered American leaders’ vision of creating a “Great Nation”.19. US-Spanish WarThe US-Spanish War broke out in April, 1898, lasted for only 70 days and ended with US as the victor. A peace treaty was signed in December 1898 in Paris. As a result of the war, Spain was forced to cede her former colonies Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to US; US agreed to pay 20 million dollars for them in an attempt to put a good face on its foreign expansion. Cuba remained a US “protectorate”for some years, while the Philippines were not granted its independence until after the end of WW I. US seized Hawaii from Spain after the US-Spanish War. The US-Spanish War was the first imperialist war for re-dividing the world. It marked a new stage in which US transformed into an imperialist power. From that time the US began its modern history.20. roaring twentiesThe expression of “roaring twenties” is often used to describe the period of American life. The roaring twenties ushered in an exciting time of social change and economic prosperity, as the recession at the end of WW II was quickly replaced by an unprecedented period of financial growth. The stock market soared to unimaginable heights because of the so-called Second Industrial Revolution at the turn of the 20th century, which saw the development of new inventions and machines that changed American society drastically.21. Wathergate ScandalIn the presidential election year 1972, five men of the Committee for the Reelection of the President broke into the Democratic national headquarters at the Water Hotel, Washington, D.C., where they planted bugs in order to get information for the Committee. But unfortunately they were arrested. Although it was never approved that Nixon planned the Watergate break-in or that he ever knew about it beforehand, he was eventually forced out of office because he was found guilty for his effort to avoid the investigation and disclosures.。

(判断题)Chapter 11. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F)2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T)3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F)5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F)Chapter 21. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T)2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4. Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success i n dealing with all the British economic and social problems.(F)5. The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old Labor Party and the Conservative Party.(T)6. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics from economic policy.(T)7. Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8. Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51. The British government has been responsible for education since the early1800s.(F)2. Education in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and15.(F)3. The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4. When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a nationalGCSE examination.(T)5. Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6. The Times is the world’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7. The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)(选择题)Chapter 11. The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2. is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. NorthernIreland4. English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD.pronunciation8. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 21. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7. was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4. is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 41. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2. Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4. Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37. The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned8. Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 51. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools wereended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.Over of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needA. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6. Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7. is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime(简答题)Chapter 11. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottishscenery, to drink the scotchwhisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?A:the development of English language be divided into three period :old English , middle English ,modern English .3. Why did English become more important after the Black Death?A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So English also grew in importance compared to French .Chapter 21. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?A:the Queen Victoria’s major achievements in alm ost every aspect : she promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign , British had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.2. What were the two camps in Europe in world war I?A: The central powers which included Germany ,Austria-Hungary , the ottoman empire and Bulgaria and allied powers which were mainly comprised of France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the united states.3. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the united states after world war II?A: because they were allied during the war and share the same worries about the former soviet union.Chapter 31. What the three functions of the house of commons?A: the three functionsare : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the governmentpolicy.2. What kind of public image dose liberal democrats have in Britain?A:the liberal democrats is perceived as “middle” between the conservation and the labor party . it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain’sconstitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.3. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election ?A; Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliament. Therefore , it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.Chapter 41. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?A: its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment .in 1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?A:britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculture activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force , it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid-1990s?A: Britain’s beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.Chapter 51. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university , whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?Britain comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britishuniversities enjoy complete academic freedom? Britishuniversities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. What role dose the media play in British leisure culture?The media play an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule or a government.。

Chapter 4 ReligionTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: TFTFF/TFFTT 11-20: TFFTF/TTFTF 21-28: TFTTF/FTFFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. salad bowl2. Christian3. Catholics; Protestants4. Protestants5. Westminster Cathedral6. William Shakespeare7. St. Paul‟s8. 389. the needy; the weak 10. “help yourself” 11. tolerance; acceptance 12. The Roman Catholic Church; the Protestant Church 13. White Anglo-Saxon Protestants 14. John F. Kennedy 15. Jesus‟ birthday16. Silent Night 17. The Last Supper 18. the Bill of Rights 19. Self-improvement 20. Christian 21. archbishop 22. direct 23. Reformed 24. monarchs 25. Reformation, supremacy 26. presbyteries, bishops 27. Act of Settlement 28. Church and State 29. Bible, prayer 30. Fundamentalism; Protestant 31. secularization 32. fundamentalist churches 33. new evangelism 34. melting potChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: DBACC/DCBDD 11-20: CDACB/BDCBAExplain the following terms.1. The ReformationThe Reformation refers to a period of time in the history. In 1517, a German monk, Martin Luther, led the breakaway from the Roman Catholic Church. The new Christians called themselves …Protestants‟ because they were protesting against the teachings and customs of the Roman Catholic Church. Their demand for reform led to this period in history called the Reformation, which later spread all over the European continent.2. PuritanismPuritanism is a church broken away from the Protestant Church. Puritans objected that the Protestant Church of England had not moved far enough away from the Roman Catholic Church. They do not have archbishops and their services and the decoration of their churches are very simple. At the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, many Puritans suffered from persecution from the Church of England. Then, to seek freedom to practice their own religion, they escaped to the New World, where they set up a new nation later: the United States of America.3. The Church of EnglandThe Church of England came into being during the Reformation of the 16th century. It is the state religion of the U.K. It is the most important denomination in the U.K.. The monarch is head of the Church of England. The Archbishop of Canterbury of the Church of England is regarded as the spiritual leader. Today it is characterized by being both Catholic and Protestant. The Church of England plays an active role in national life.4. WorshipWorship is a form of Christian service. Attending religious services provides an opportunityto glorify God among a gathering of fellow believers. Most services tend to involve prayers, singing, bible reading and possibly a sermon. Christians can worship together in public or on their own in private. The main day on which Christians gather together to worship God is on a Sunday. Other forms of worships include baptisms, weddings and funerals.5. CharityCharity means the giving of help to those in need. The Roman Catholic Church believes that God brought love to the world, so humankind should do good deeds in return to keep the world a nice place to live in. In its earliest days the Roman Catholic Church met the needs of the lower classes. It taught people to work hard as a way to salvation. The church also called for charitable work, giving help to the needy and protecting the weak. It is still regarded as a moral obligation to help the poor, the elderly and the handicapped, and so on.6.Melting PotThe melting pot is an expression used to describe societies experiencing large scale immigration from many different countries, just like the U.S., where people of different cultures, races and religions are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society.7.WASP"WASP" stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. It is considered the basis of the mainstream culture of the United States. The people who settled in the 13 North American colonies were mostly white European Protestant believers. The United States was founded and formed largely by Protestants.8.Self-improvementSelf-improvement is one of the most important values mainly held by Protestants in the U.S. Instead of going to priests for forgiveness of their sins, individuals get guidance, forgiveness, and grace directly from God in order to improve themselve s. Some Protestants‟ lives are changed through this. Others believe a relationship with God will improve their lives and will lead them to Heaven after death. Because of these Protestant ideas about personal religion even non-religious Americans often actively seek personal growth and self-improvement.9.V olunteerismUnpaid service is common in American social life. People think helping others is a way of self-improvement. Individuals make themselves into better persons by contributing some of their time or money to charity, education and religion. This philosophy is called volunteerism. Many Americans believe that they should show their love to people in need by devoting part of their time and wealth. This idea comes from the Christian belief that if you love God, you will also love your neighbors.10. PresbyterianPresbyterian: a member of a branch of the Christian Protestant Church that is the national Church of Scotland.11. EpiscopalEpiscopal: (of a Christian Church) that is governed by bishops.12. AnglicanAnglican: a member of the Church of England or of a Church connected with it in another country.13. KirkKirk: a name often used for the official Church of Scotland.14. diocesediocese: a district for which a bishop is responsible.15. secularismsecularism: the belief that religion should not be involved in the organization of society, education, etc.16. Non-conformistNon-conformist: a member of a Protestant Church that does not follow the beliefs and practices of the Anglican Church.17. fundamentalismFundamentalism refers to a belief in, and strict adherence to, a set of basic principles. It was originally coined to describe a narrowly defined set of beliefs that developed into a movement within the Protestant community of the United States in the early part of the 20th century.18. religious pluralismReligious pluralism is a loosely defined expression concerning acceptance of different religions. It is used as the name of the worldview according to which one‟s religion is not the sole and exclusive source of truth, and thus that at least some truths and true values exist in other religions.19. cyber churchCyber church is the extension the church universal into cyberspace. It includes different aspects of Christian community online, especially by those who view this phenomenon as a subset of emerging church, the developing expressions of the faith in relation to culture change.Translation1.Christianity was first introduced into Britain by the Romans in the first century BC.2.Before the 20th century, Judaism had been the only important non-Christian religion in Britain.3.British society was more tolerant of Jews than most other European nations.4.After the Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church in Britain experienced much persecutionand discrimination, and had difficulties in surviving.5.It may take diocesan bishops a number of years before they qualify to take their seat.Questions for Discussion1.Christian Churches: Protestants, Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Churches.2.The fate of America has from the very beginning been closely linked to notions of religiousdestiny. The Puritans presented themselves as God‟s Chosen People, searching for the Promised Land. Although the Constitution declares the separation of Church and State, religion has always pervaded American political life. During inaugural ceremonies, U.S.presidents take the oath of office on the Bible. Almost all American presidents have claimed affiliation with an established church.3.New telecommunication technologies would boost cyber churches –especially amongprofessionals, baby boomers, and perhaps large segments of the elderly in the U.S. One can find religious news and chat groups abound on the Net. Currently, Christian denominations, especially Roman Catholics, dominate cyberspace, accounting for almost 80% of the 10 million or so websites devoted to religion. Recently, an increasing number of religious organizations are using computer technology to spread their message via the Internet to people everywhere in the world.。

英美文化概论答案第一份(总20页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--1、In the format of western names,which name is put first( )A、Family nameB、Last nameC、SurnameD、First name正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：分2Bill is the short version of ( ).A、WilliamB、StevenC、RobertD、Richard正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分3There is only one given name in western name.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×Which one is not the key aspect of Chinese culture( )A、Chinese foodB、Spring FestivelC、Chinese medicineD、Football正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：分4Culture is the beliefs, ( ) and way-of-life of a community or society.A、traditionsB、habitsC、customsD、costumes正确答案： C 我的答案：C得分：分5Chinese culture is better than American culture.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×Topography of the USA已完成成绩：分6( ) and Hawaii are seperated from American mainland.A、ColoradoB、IndianaC、AlabamaD、Alaska正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：分7The two significant mountain ranges of American are ( ) and Appalachian Mountains.A、Rocky MountainsB、Andes MountainsC、Alps MountainsD、Atlas Mountains正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分8Which is the largest states by population( )A、TexasB、New YorkC、CaliforniaD、Florida正确答案： C 我的答案：C得分：分9Boston is on the West Coast of America.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×Three icons of America已完成成绩：分10Why is Yellowstone National Park important( )A、Because it is the first national park in the world.B、Because it is in America.C、Because it is the biggest national park in America.D、Because it is the first national park in America.正确答案： A 我的答案：D得分：分11Washington, Jefferson, () and Lincoln's faces are made on the Mount Rushmore.( )A、MadisonB、RooseveltC、KennedyD、Adams正确答案： B 我的答案：C得分：分12Which country provided the Statue of Liberty to America( )A、The United KingdomB、CanadaC、AustraliaD、France正确答案： D 我的答案：DComparison of the USA and China已完成成绩：分13Which is not the major environment issues of America( )A、Air pollutionB、Water shortageC、Loss of agricultural landD、desertification正确答案： C 我的答案：C得分：分14Which one is wrong, about the geography of America and China( )A、China has more railways than America.B、America has two neighbour countries, Canada and Mexico.C、Both America and China's climates vary greatly.D、America's land is less than China's, but water in America is more than China.正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分15The most fresh water used in China is in ( ).A、DomesticB、IndustryC、LivestockD、Agriculture正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：分16In 2013, the population of China is about ( ) more than that of America.A、3 timesB、4 timesC、5 timesD、6 times正确答案： B 我的答案：C得分：分17The total area of China is bigger than America.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×得分：分18America's population growth rate is lower than China's.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×Comparison of the USA and China 2已完成成绩：分19The first three ethnic groups in the USA are ( ).A、White, Hispanic and BlackB、White, Black and HispanicC、White, Black and AsianD、White, Asian and Black正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分20In China, the life expectancy is ( ) years.A、70B、72C、75D、79正确答案： C 我的答案：C得分：分211 kilogram is ( ) pounds.A、B、C、D、正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：分22All the countries in the world adopt the metric system, except ( ), Myanmar and Liberia.A、the UKB、the USAC、FranceD、Japan正确答案： B 我的答案：C得分：分23Everyone in America and China can read and write.( )正确答案：×我的答案：√24Which country is the second largest economy in the world( )A、ChinaB、JapanC、South KoreaD、Germany正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分25Which one of following is not an American company( )A、GoogleB、CocaColaC、FacebookD、Airbus正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：分26Per capita means a person.( )正确答案：√我的答案：√Comparison of the USA and China已完成成绩：分27According to the 2013 statistics, which one of the following is wrong( )A、The smallest part in the economic structure of developed countries is agriculture.B、The biggest part of GDP composition in America is Services.C、In 2013, GDP growth rate in America is higher than that in China.D、In 2013, America's inflation rate is lower than China's.正确答案： C 我的答案：B得分：分28Which one is right about the labour force in America and China( )A、Most of American labour force are in services.B、Both America and China have the least labour force in agriculture.C、Most Chinese labour force are in agriculture.D、American labour force is more than Chinese.正确答案： A 我的答案：B得分：分29( ) is most used for the electricity production in the USA and China.A、WaterB、NuclearC、WindD、Coal正确答案： D 我的答案：B得分：分30The UAS and ( ) is the major export markets of China.A、CanadaB、MexicoC、JapanD、South Korea正确答案： C 我的答案：C得分：分31Both American and Chinese governments have significant direct involvement in theeconomy.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×得分：分32Now services in China grows very fast.( )正确答案：√我的答案：×得分：分33The poverty lines in America and China are the same.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×Agriculture in the USA已完成成绩：分34( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.A、ArizonaB、MarylandC、TexasD、Nevada正确答案： C 我的答案：C得分：分35Which one is wrong about the American agriculture( )A、Large family farms are much more productive.B、In 2000, farm jobs are very few in America.C、Most income of farm households is from non-farm sources.D、In America, all farmers have jobs in cities.正确答案： D 我的答案：B得分：分36In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.A、CornB、PotatoC、TomatoD、Cotton正确答案： A 我的答案：D得分：分3796% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案：×我的答案：√得分：分38In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )正确答案：×我的答案：√Global Financial Crisis已完成成绩：分39Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.A、1 quarterB、2 quartersC、3 quartersD、4 quarters正确答案： D 我的答案：B得分：分40The GFC Recession started in ( ).A、the USAB、the UKC、JapanD、France正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分41The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).A、Stock bubble burstB、Property bubble burstC、Dotcom bubble burstD、Asset price bubble burst正确答案： B 我的答案：D得分：分42Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession ( )A、Banks stopped lending.B、Companies cut jobs.C、Stock market crashed.D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案： D 我的答案：B得分：分43China was not affected much by the GFC Recession.( )正确答案：√我的答案：×A Hero and a Villain已完成成绩：分44Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.A、10B、20C、30D、40正确答案： A 我的答案：B得分：分45The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).A、VillainB、HeroC、MonsterD、Saviour正确答案： C 我的答案：B得分：分46Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×Discovery of the 'New World'已完成成绩：分47The main European power was Spain, France, ( ) and Great Britain.A、ItalyB、PortugalC、RussiaD、Germany正确答案： B 我的答案：A得分：分48Christopher Columbus was the first person to cross the ( ) Ocean.A、PacificB、IndianC、ArcticD、Atlantic正确答案： D 我的答案：B得分：分49Christopher Columbus did 5 voyages between 1492 and 1503.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×得分：分British Colonies已完成成绩：分50The Britain founded ( ) colonies along the East Coast in America.A、11B、12C、13D、14正确答案： C 我的答案：B得分：分51The first fight between local people and British soldiers was at ( ).A、Washington .B、New YorkC、BostonD、Lexington and Concord正确答案： D 我的答案：C得分：分52John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, Thomas Jefferson and ( ) wrote The Declaration of Independence.A、Benjamin FranklinB、Abraham LincolnC、George WashingtonD、Paul Revere正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分53British people migrated to America with the ship called Mayflower in 1620.( )正确答案：√我的答案：×得分：分54The Declaration of Independence was made in 1775.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×American War of independence已完成成绩：分55The war of Independence was between ( ).A、America and FranceB、America and HollandC、America and SpainD、America and Britain正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：分56In 1778, ( ) signed Treaty of Alliance with America.A、SpainB、HollandC、FranceD、Britain正确答案： C 我的答案：D得分：分57Britain won the Battle of Yorktown.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×Building the New Nation已完成成绩：分58The first constitution, Article of Confederation was made in ( ).A、1778B、1779C、1780D、1781正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：分59The first president of Amercia was ( ).A、George WashingtonB、Abraham LincolnC、Benjamin FranklinD、Thomas Jefferson正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分60Alexander Hamilton was the first Secretary of ( ) of America.A、StateB、LawC、TreasuryD、War正确答案： C 我的答案：B得分：分61There were ( ) Chief Justice in the Supreme Court.A、1B、3C、8D、9正确答案： A 我的答案：B得分：分62Thomas Paine was born in France.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×A Hero, Traitor and Genius已完成成绩：分63George Washington declared ( )A、Thanksgiving DayB、ChristmasC、HalloweenD、New Year's Day正确答案： A 我的答案：B得分：分64Which one is right about George Washington( )A、He was graduated from college.B、He had three children.C、He had no experience in military action.D、He was revered as the "Father of the United States".正确答案： D 我的答案：B得分：分65Which one is wrong about Benjamin Franklin( )A、He was also a Doctor.B、He loved reading.C、He started the first public library in Philadelphia.D、He was 81 when he went to the Constitutional Convention.正确答案： A 我的答案：C得分：分66Which document was not signed by Benjamin Franklin( )A、The Declaration of IndependenceB、Treaty with FranceC、Peace TreatyD、Article of Confederation正确答案： D 我的答案：A得分：分67During the War of Independence, Benedict Arnold sold military secrets to France.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×得分：分68Benjamin Franklin was born in a rich family and well educated.（）正确答案：×我的答案：×Timeline of Major Events (1800-1899)已完成成绩：分69The first railway was built in ( ).A、1827B、1828C、1829D、1830正确答案： B 我的答案：D得分：分70The war with Mexico was started in ( ).A、1846B、1847C、1848D、1849正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分71The first telephone line was built in 1877.( )正确答案：√我的答案：×Territorial Expansion已完成成绩：分72America purchased Louisiana Territory with ( ) million dollars from France.A、2B、5C、10D、15正确答案： D 我的答案：A得分：分73The USA purchased Florida from ( ).A、SpainB、the UKC、FranceD、Italy正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分74Texas was the ( ) state of America.A、26thB、27thC、28thD、29th正确答案： C 我的答案：A得分：分75Which one is wrong about Hawaii( )A、It is in the Atlantic Ocean.B、There are 8 main islands.C、It is the 50th states of America.D、America took over Hawaii government from the local king.正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分76Before America purchased it,Alaska was belong to Mexico.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×得分：分77The largest city in Alaska is Anchorage, which is also the capital city.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×The American Civil War已完成成绩：分78The Civil War started in ( ).A、1861B、1862C、1863D、1864正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分79Which was wrong about the Civil War( )A、America was kept as one country.B、Slavery was abolished.C、After the Battle of Gettysburg, the North started to win.D、The South was strong in "hard power".正确答案： D 我的答案：A得分：分80Which one of following is wrong about Abraham Lincoln( )A、He was the 16th president of America.B、He was killed in 1865 when the Civil War was just finished.C、He was a businessman and then became politician.D、He was born in a poor farm family.正确答案： C 我的答案：B得分：分81In the Civil War, the North was weak, and the South was strong.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×得分：分82Modern weapons were used in the Civil War.( )正确答案：√我的答案：×得分：分83In the Civil War, the North lost more people than the South.( )正确答案：√我的答案：×84Which one is wrong about the American political system( )A、The government is small.B、Leaders are educated.C、There are many traditions.D、The society is classless.正确答案： C 我的答案：A得分：分85Which one is wrong about Thomas Edison( )A、He was educated in school.B、His first job is telegraph operator.C、He had many patents.D、He invented electric light bulb.正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分86Which one is wrong about John D. Rockefeller( ).A、General Electric is one of his companies.B、At first, he worked as a bookkeeper.C、When he was 20, he started his own company.D、He donated all his money to the Rockefeller Foundation.正确答案： D 我的答案：A得分：分87Because the northern America is cold, James Naismith invented basketball which is a goodsport for winter.( )正确答案：√我的答案：×Timeline of Major Events (1900-2014)已完成成绩：分88The first long distance telephone was built in ( ).A、1915B、1916C、1917D、1918正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分89In ( ), the first humans walked on the moon.A、1967B、1968C、1969正确答案： C 我的答案：A得分：分90President Nixon visited China in ( ).A、1971B、1972C、1973D、1974正确答案： B 我的答案：AThe Panama Canal已完成成绩：分91The Panama Canal was built by a ( ) consortium.A、AmericaB、ItalyC、BritainD、France正确答案： D 我的答案：A得分：分92Why did the French consortium gave up to build the canal( )A、Because it was too expensive.B、Because many people died.C、Because the topography in Panama was difficult to build a canal.D、Because the American government decided to buld it by themselves.正确答案： C 我的答案：D得分：分93The aim to build the Panama Canal was to connect America and Panama.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×The Great Depression已完成成绩：分94The Great Depression started in ( ).A、1929B、1932D、1939正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分95Which one is wrong about the Great Depression( )A、The Great Depression started with the crash of the New York stock market.B、More than 9000 banks closed down.C、It took a short time for the New York Stock to recover.D、Many people became homeless because of the Great Depression.正确答案： C 我的答案：D得分：分96Which one is not the results of the Great Depression( )A、GDP went down.B、Income fell.C、Unemployment rate increased.D、Farmers had no food to eat.正确答案： D 我的答案：A得分：分97Which one is wrong about Franklin Delano Roosevelt( )A、He was also known as FDR.B、He give American people confidence during the Great Depression.C、He was elected as president for 3 times.D、He started many government programs to provide work to people.正确答案： C 我的答案：B得分：分98The Great Depression only happened in America.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×The Cold War已完成成绩：分99Why did the Cold War avoid direct conflict( )A、Because the Second World War was just finished.B、Because the USSR was too weak to fight.C、Because both sides of the Cold War had nuclear weapons.D、Because some countries stop the war.正确答案： C 我的答案：C得分：分100The Cold War began in ( ).A、1945B、1946C、1947D、1948正确答案： D 我的答案：C得分：分101Which was not the reason why the West against Communism( )A、The communist countries only has one political system.B、The economy in communist countries is state-owned.C、The communist countries are against religion.D、The communist countries have nuclear weapons.正确答案： D 我的答案：C得分：分102Berlin Wall was ended in ( ).A、1989B、1988C、1987D、1986正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分103Which statement of following is wrong( )A、There were many cold conflicts in the cold war, such as weapon competition and spying.B、Germany reunited in 1990.C、The USSR was dissolved in 1990.D、After the USSR dissovled, 15 new countries were created.正确答案： C 我的答案：A得分：分104The Cold War continued for only a few years.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×得分：分105Because many West Germans fled to the East, the West Germany government built theBerlin Wall.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×106Which one is wrong about 9/11( )A、About 3000 people were killed.B、It happened in 2002.C、The World Trade Centre and Pentagon were attacked.D、It was the first attack on mainland USA since 1812.正确答案： B 我的答案：B得分：分107The terrorists Hijacked ( ) planes.A、4B、5C、6D、7正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：分108Only the north tower of the World Trade Centre was attacked.( )正确答案：×我的答案：×。

Unit 2Vocabulary:A.uncovered, concurred, accompanies, frustrated, stereotype, switching, dismissed, distracted,adapted, assume, probe, subordinateB.BADB ADACCloze:Viewed, almost, even, lower, means, reality, become, like, grow, proving, status, afford, faced, necessarily, disciplined, longer, own, schedule, taking, until1 那是在弗吉尼亚郊区一个住所的客厅里，我正在一次小型聚会上发言——这是一次女性的聚会，但也邀请了男性参加。

整晚，一位男士表现得极为健谈，他不断地发表自己的看法，讲述奇闻轶事。

而他的妻子却安静地坐在他身旁的沙发上。

聚会接近尾声时，我说，一些妻子经常抱怨丈夫不与她们交谈，这位男士立刻表示同意。

他指着妻子说：“在家里爱说话的是她。

”于是满屋子哄堂大笑，这位男士一脸茫然和委屈。

“这是真的，”他解释说，“我下班回家后总是无话可说，如果她不说话，我们会整晚沉默。

”2 这段小插曲反映了一种具有讽刺意味的现象，即美国的男性尽管在公共场合比女性健谈，在家里却比女性说话少。

而正是这一现象使婚姻受到严重威胁。

3 社会学家凯瑟琳·凯尔·里兹曼在她的新作《离婚谈》中说，她采访过的大多数女性将离婚的原因归咎于缺乏交谈，但只有少数男性将此当作离婚的理由。

4 在我本人的研究中，女性对丈夫的抱怨大多不是集中在一些实际的不平等现象，例如为了跟随丈夫的事业而放弃了发展自己事业的机会，或者她们所承担的日常生活琐事远远超过她们份内的部分。

她们的抱怨总是集中在交流问题上，如“他不听我说话”，“他不和我说话”。

C h a p t e r1L a n d a n d H i s t o r y1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.5 points for each 1)The following figures were often considered the founding fathers of the American Republic EXCEPT__C_.A.George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Roger WilliamsD. John Adams2)The following were some of the characteristics of Puritanism EXCEPT_A_.A. Manifest destinyB. Religious freedomC. Intolerant moralismD. Separation of state and church3)The 1920s was associated with the following EXCEPT__D.A. Silent moviesB. Ku Klux KlanC. ProhibitionD. Television4)Clinton was the second US president to be impeached by the House of Representatives, but retired in the_A_.A. The Senate Supreme Court C. The Department of Justice D. The Federal Reserve5)Which of the following did not take place in the Nixon administration BA. VietnamizationB. Cuban Missile CrisisC. Watergate ScandalD. Re-establishing US with China.2.Match the US president with the event that took place in his presidency. 5 points for each1)Abraham Lincoln e a. New Deal2)Franklin D. Roosevelt. a b. Rapid development in IT Industry3)John F. Kennedy d c. Watergate Scandal4)Richard Nixon c d. Cuban Missile Crisis5)Bill Clinton b e. Civil War3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.When an American says that he loves his country, he means not only that he loves the New England hills, the prairies glistening in the sun, the wide and rising plains, the great mountains, and the sea. He means that he loves an inner air, an inner light in which freedom lives and in which a man can draw the breath of self-respect.当一个美国人说他热爱他的祖国, 他不仅仅意味着他深爱着新英格兰连绵的山丘,阳光下熠熠生辉的草原,宽阔无边际的平原,巍峨的高山和一望无际的大海;他真正想表达的是他热爱美国内在的氛围,内在的精神那就是在美国这片土地上他可以自由的呼吸,有尊严的生活;Chapter 2 Government and Politics1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.5 points for each1)Congress can override the president’s vote by a ___vote. AA.two-thirdsB. Three-fourthsC. Single majorityD. four-fifths2)There are currently ___Supreme Court justices on the bench. BA. 7B. 9C. 11D. 133)The Founders wanted the ___branch to be the dominant branch of the federal government. BA.executiveB. legislativeC. JudicialD. media4)Among the elected political officials, only___are elected by all citizens of the United States. CA.CongressmanB. Vice-presidentC. PresidentD. State governors5)What is the most important weapon in the hand of Supreme Court DA.VetoB. Overriding a vetoC. ImpeachmentD. Judicial review.2.Judge whether each statement is trueT or false F. 5 points for each1)___F_ African American had the rights to vote in 1776.2)__F__For the United States, one of the basic principles is socialist democracy.3)__T__American president has no vote in congress.4)__F__Most of the bills introduced to Congress can eventually become law.5)_F__Wilson succeeded to persuade Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.Whatever changes in Obama’s handling of foreign affairs, one thing to be sure about is that the changes are tactical in nature. Many of the goals pursued by the Bush administration remain unchanged. First, America will lead. As Secretary of State Hillary Clinton put it, “The question is not whether our nation can or should lead, but how it will lead in the 21st century.”Second, export of democracy will continue, but less with the help of bayonet. Third, military strength and use of force are important. “We will not hesitate to defend our friends, our interest and also all our people, vigorously and when necessary with the world’s strongest military.不管奥巴马怎样改变其处理外国事物的手段,我们可以确定的一点是这些变动在本质上都是外交策略;布什总统执政时期追求的很多目标都没有变;首先,美国将会领导其他国家;正如美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿所说：现在的问题不是我们国家能不能或该不该领导,而是我们应怎样在21世纪领导;其次,民主输出将会继续,但是要减少对武力的依赖;再次,军备实力和武装的调度很重要;“我们将毫不犹豫的保护我们的朋友,保障我们的利益和我们的人民,并将在必要的时候大力的动用世界上最强大的军事力量;”Chapter 4 Social Life and Culture1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.5 points for each1)which of the following is a non-profit public television network in the US CA.ABCB. CBSC. PBSD. CNN2)Jazz has its roots in the following EXCEPT___. DA.West African musical culture.B. African American music traditionsC. European military band musicD. American native Indian music3)which is not included in the theme of country music BA.Love and romanceB. War and peaceC. Past gloriesD. Religious beliefs4)which theme among the four was the LEAST relevant to Ernest Hemingway’s works5)B6)A.WarB. RomanceC. DeathD. Disillusionment5)which one among the following writers was an African American B2.Judge whether each statement is trueT or false F. 5 points for each1)__T_American churches are not only places where ceremonies are conducted, but community centers for people to make friends with each other.2)_F__Americans observe the Labor Day on the same day as the Chinese.3)__F_Americans only like popular music while little attention is paid to classical music.4)__T_Country music was originally played and listened to by Americans farmers.5)__T_Rock’n’roll is not only a form of music but also a lifestyle.the English passage into Chinese.Toni Morrison is an African-American novelist. Her richly woven fiction has gained her international reputation. In her novels, she treats the complex identities of black people in a universal manner. And in 1993, she won the Nobel Prize for Literature. In her early work The Bluest Eye1970, a strong-willed young black girl tells the story of Pecola Breedlove, who survives an abusive father. Pecola believes that her dark eyes magically become blue, and that they will make her lovable. Morrison has said that she was creating her own sense of identity as a writer through this novel: “I was Pecola, Claudia, everybody.”her other books include Sula 1973, Song of Solomon 1977, and Beloved 1987.托尼·莫里森是一位着名的非裔美籍小说家;她凭借其情节跌宕起伏的小说而享誉全球;在她的小说里,她一一种最普遍的方式来处理黑人复杂的身份认知;她与1993年获得里诺贝尔文学奖;在其早期的作品最蓝的眼睛1970中,一个坚强的黑人女孩讲述了一个从有暴力倾向的父亲手里存活下来的帕克拉·布里得拉维的故事;帕克拉相信她的黑色眼睛奇迹般的变成蓝色,并且蓝色的眼睛会让她变得讨人喜欢;莫里森说过她是以一个作家的身份通过这本小说来建立自己的身份认知;“大家好, 我是帕克拉·克劳迪娅;”她其他的作品包括苏拉1973,所罗门之歌1977和亲爱的1987;Chapter 6 Land an History1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.5 points for each1)Great Britain includes the following EXCEPT___. DA.EnglandB. WalesC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland.2)which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text about London as a center of ____ DA.PoliticsB. CommerceC. CultureD. Industry.3 the item that Doomsday book did not recordnd and propertyB. Mills and cottagesC. Duties and landownersD. Pet animals4)the “glorious revolution” of 1688 put ____ on the throne. DA.Charles IB. Charles IIC. James IID. William and Mary.5)Oliver Cromwell ruled England for about ___ years in the 17th century. AA. 10B. 20C. 302.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.1)Ben Nevis c a. the best-known river in the IK2)The Thames a b. who led Saxon against invasion by the Vikings3)Loch Ness d c. the highest peak in the UK4)Alfred the Great b d. a lake in Scottish Highlands5)William the Conqueror d e. who ruled England from early 11th century.3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.The city is appreciated for its beauty and its cultural life, particularly during the world-famous Edinburgh Festival, a collection of several festivals of music and drama held in autumn at various centers in Edinburgh. The Edinburgh Military Tattoo an annual military parade is held in the parade ground of the castle for three weeks in August an September. The event is a popular tourist attraction an adds color to the Edinburgh Festival.这座城市以其美丽的风光和丰富的文化生活而为人所向往,尤其是在世界闻名的爱丁堡节庆期间——秋季,在各种各样的中心开展丰富多彩的音乐节和戏剧节;每年的八月和九月都会在城堡的游行广场举行为期三周的爱丁堡军乐节一种年度的军队游行;这个盛世喜迎了很多的游客,同时,也为爱丁堡节庆增添了色彩;Chapter7 Government and Politics1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.1)A bill dealing with finance is introduced ____. BA.In the House of LordsB. In the House of CommonsC. By the Lord ChancellorD. By the Home of Secretary2)The Prime Minister leads in____. AA.The CabinetB. The House of OfficeC. ParliamentD. The judiciary3)The Conservative and Labor parties predominant the general election ever since ____. BA. 1920B. 1945C. 1950D. 19754)The general election in the UK is held every___years. DA.TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. Five5)Statue la in the UK consists of ____. CA.Practice in courtB. ConventionC. Acts of ParliamentD. Customs2.Judge whether each of the following statement is trueT or falseF.1)_F___ The Cabinet consists of only important department minsters.2)__F__ Only the House of Commons can introduce bills.3)___T_ Tony Blair ran the government in three terms in a row.4)__T__ Chancellor of the Exchequer is a Cabinet minister.5)__F__ NO. 10 Downing Street stands for the Cabinet while Buckingham Palace stands for Parliament.3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.Official UK policy since 1997 towards China is to advance its commercial interests and to promote “positive” social and political change in China. The UK retains a political dialogue with China over human rights apart from participating in multilateral dialogue through the EU. In effect, increasing economic ties with China is seen as being the best way of integrating China into international society and also of benefiting the interests of UK business. The bilateral trade and economic cooperation between nations has enjoyed continued development. The United Kingdom remains China’s largest interest investor and the second largest trade partner among countries.自1997年起,英对中的官方政策一推动商贸交易和促进中囯在社会和经济上的改革委中心;除了欧盟的多方会谈外,英国还就人权问题同中国保持对话;事实上,加强中英双方的经济交流是中国融入国际社会的最好方式,同时也是有利于英国商业受益的最好方式;中英两国的双方贸易和经济合作持续推进;在所有欧盟国家中,英国是中国最大的投资国和第二大贸易伙伴;Chapter 9 Social life1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.1)British way of life has often been described asA.Peaceful and quietB. UnderdevelopmentC. Poor and miserableD. Materialized2)Which of the following changes is NOT accurate about British food CA.QualityB. CharacterC. TasteD. Chefs3)In a British pub one can do the following EXCEPT___. BA.Order a drink at the barB.Order food at a tableC.Talk to strangers freelyD.Talk to others noisily.4)The sport that is being criticized in the UK is____. AA.Fox huntingB. FootballC. Open campingD. Horse racing5)Which of the following is a quality paper AA.Daily TelegraphB. Daily MirrorC. Daily Mai lD. Daily Express2. Judge whether each of the following statement is trueT or falseF.1)__T__ there are rapid growth in the post-war prosperity of British society.2)__T__ British people enjoy food from foreign restaurants in the UK.3)__F__ Most of the British holidays now are spent by people traveling abroad.4)___F_ The low price offered by out-of-town malls can be upset by the cost of petrol used for driving there.5)_F___ Most of the owner-occupied dwellings have been acquired with the aid from the government.3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.Newspapers in the UK speak for class-based groups. The two tabloids have a predominantly working-class readership, the “qualities” a more middle-class and well-educated one. Advertisements foe teachers and social workers usually appear in the The Guardian because teachers ans social workers are apt to read The Guardian, which support the interests of public sector employees. In contrast, The Times speaks for what used to be called the establishment. The Daily Express and Daily Mail are more up-market tabloids and have a socially more representative readership.在英国,针对不同的阶级有不同的报纸;通俗小报拥有很多工薪阶层的读者,而“品质”报则拥有中产阶级和受过良好教育的读者;在卫报上常常刊登教师和社工的招聘广告,因为教师和社工倾向于看维护公共雇员利益的卫报;相反,时代周刊则为所谓国家利益机构代言;每日快报和每日邮报是较上层的小报并且拥有较有社会代表性的读者;Chapter 11 A Nation from Sea to Sea1.Judge whether each of statement is trueF or falseF.1)__F__ In area, Canada is the largest country i the world.2)___F_ Canada has always been ranked in first place as “ the most livable country in the world.”3)__T__ The westernmost province of British Columbia is in the Pacific Region.4)__T__ The majority of population in Toronto is of neither British nor French descent.5)__T__ The newly set up of the Italian navigator who landed in Newfoundland in 1497 is John Cabot.2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.1)Canada’s first Prime Minister c2)Father of New France a3)Largest Canadian city d A .Macdonald4)The official Languages Act e d. Toronto5)Capital city of Canada b3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.When I think of Canada, I think of forests filled with animals, and vast amounts of trees. I think of mountains high, of lakes where beavers live. When I think of Canada, I see hockey on the ice, and baseball players on the field, holding our flag with pride. When I think of Canada, I think of people proud, to be of different cultures, I think of Niagara Falls, the natural wonders of our land. When I think of Canada, I see the great Sky Dome. I see a place that many people can proudly call their home.Chapter 14 The Country Down Under1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement. 5 points for each1)Currently, Australia’s biggest trading partner is ____. AA.ChinaB. JapanC. The USAD. ASEAN countries.2)Australia and China established diplomatic relations in____. BA. 1971B. 1972C. 1973D. 19743)Australia is NOT a member of_____. CA.APECB. ANZUSC. ASEAND. WTO4)Which of the following is a minority party in Australian politics DA.The Australian Labor PartyB. The Liberal PartyC. The National PartyD. The Australian Greens.5)Which of the following statement s true DA.The party that wins the majority of seats in the Senate forms the government.B.The Prime Minster is appointed by the Governor-General.C.The House of Representatives has an equal members form each state.D.The Senate has an equal number of members from each state.2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.1)South Australia d a. the most isolated city in the world.2)Australia Day c b. the most artificial city in Australia3)“ Advanced Australia Fair” e Day for the indigenous people4)Canberra b d. a convict-free colony5)Perth a anthem of Australia3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.Australia is the second largest country in the southern hemisphere in terms of is land area, neat to Brazil. It is also the only country in the world that occupies a whole continent. The Australian continent is the smallest of all the continents; at the same time it is also the largest island in the world. The total territory of Australia covers an area of 7’692’024 sq km Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006. It is the sixth largest country in the world, after Russia, Canada, China, the United States and Brazil.就陆地面积而言,澳大利亚是南半球面积第二的国家;毗邻巴西;它也是世界上唯一一个独占一个大洲的国家;澳大利亚大陆是所有大陆中面积最小的；同时,它也是世界上最大的岛屿;澳大利亚的所有领地面积为7,692,024平方千米;澳大利亚国家统计局2006年数据它是世界上第六大国家,仅次于俄罗斯,加拿大,中国,美国和巴西;Chapter 17 Land, History and People.1.Judge whether each statement is trueF or falseF.1)___T_ It was the Viking invaders that gave Ireland its present name.2)___F_ Like English, Irish Gaeilge belongs to Roman languages.3)__F__ Ireland declared itself a republic in 1922.4)___T_ The Tain is the title for the Irish Celt’s saga.5)__T__ When founded in 1594, Trinity College, Dublin was open only to Protestants.2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.1)St Brigid a king/queen who found Trinity College, Dublin2)Maria Edgeworth c king/queen who first set foot in Ireland.3)Henry II b of Castle Rackrent.4)Henry VIII e of a nunnery in County Kildare5)Elizabeth I a king/queen who upgraded Ireland from Lordship toa full Kingdom3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.Despite these tensions, most of the 18th century was a period of relative peace in comparison with the preceding two hundred years and the two centuries to follow. During this period the population doubled to cover four million, and, while this time is recalled in folk memory as one of political oppression of the majority of the Irish population, by the late 18th century, many of the Anglo-Irish ruling class-once considered too Irish in England and too English in Ireland, now became quite adamantly Irish in Ireland. It is perhaps one of the greatest ironies of British colonization that, in the revolts over the coming century, those who inspired them were largely Protestant,well-born and Anglo-Irish in origin.除了一些紧张的局势外,相对于之前的两个世纪和之后的两个世纪来说,18世纪的大部分时间局势都相对和平;在这段时期内,人口增长了两倍,超过了400万,并且这个事情被认为是对爱尔兰人的压迫时期;在18世纪晚期,很多在英国的安格拉-爱尔兰统治阶级被认为太爱尔兰化,而在爱尔兰的安格拉-爱尔兰统治阶级被认为太过英国化;而这些人现在都成了坚定不移的爱尔兰人;这也许是英国殖民地最讽刺的事情了,这些鼓励他们的人大部分都是清教徒和出身高贵的安格拉-爱尔兰人;Chapter 19 Land and History1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement. 5 points for each1)The first European to sight New Zealand was____. BA.Captain James CookB. Abel TasmanC. Young NickD. Captain Bligh2)New Zealand’s highest mountain is _____. CA.Mt. RuapehuB. Mt. Tatanaki/ Mt EgmontC. Mt. CookD. Mt. Tasman3)The unique flightless bird in New Zealand is ___. AA.Th kiwiB. The laughing birdC. The keaD. The swallow4)Mario have lived in New Zealand forA. overB. Over 500C. Less than 500D. Less than 1005)How many Mario tribe chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi with the British Crown BB. 200C. 500 .10006)The Treaty of Waitangi was signedB. 1850C. 1890the items in Column A with the answers in Column B. 5 points for each1 South Island c2 North Island b3 national symbol d c. glaciers4 extinct bird a3. Translate the following English passage into Chinese.Many birds species became extinct after the arrival of Polynesians, who brought the kiore Pacific rat and the kufi dog from Polynesia. Flightless and ground-nesting birds proved easypicking for Polynesian, who simply walked up to moa and hit them. While humans are the most likely cause of the larger birds’ extinction, the kiore is the prime suspect in the disappearance of smaller birds and invertebrates. The kiore and the kuri wre the only mamals until Europeans arrived.在博尼利亚人来到新西兰后很多鸟类灭绝了;他们从博尼利亚带来了笑鸮太平洋地区的老鼠和狗;不擅飞行和在地上筑巢的鸟类对他们来说简直就是手到擒来;他们只需简单的走上前去击打它们;人类是体型较大鸟类灭亡的主要原因,而笑鸮则是小型鸟类和无脊椎动物灭绝的主要嫌犯;笑鸮和是欧洲人到达新西兰大陆前仅有的哺乳动物;。

各位同学：问答题第2题What are the elements and functions of British government? Discuss the role of each element and explain chiefly.这道题去掉.改为学习手册英国文化第一章的问答题Why is it not easy to talk about a typical Englishman? State the reasons from the historical points of view.It’s not easy to talk about a typical Englishman, because, from the historical point of view, the English are descended from so many different peoples who all came and settled in England at some time or other.The Celts came from central and north-western Europe between 700 and 200 BC. Then the Romans invaded England in 55 BC. The Celtic-Roman culture had been well-established when the Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes came. From AD 450 to 600 they gradually took control of most of the country, became Christians and settled down as farmers and came to be the basis of modern English race.Next, came the invasion of the Viking Danes from Scandinavia. They too settled, intermarried and fused with the local population.In AD 1066, William of Normandy invaded England from France. The French-speaking conquerors intermarried with the ruling Saxon families. At that time, French influence grew so strong that many aspects of England’s social and cultural life became totally French.After England became a Protestant country in the 16th century, it became a refuge for other Protestants from Catholic States who were being persecuted for their faith.Over the centuries, many other refugees suffering from political and religious persecution have found a home in England and their specific skills, as well as their languages, have enriched the English economy and culture. Great migrations also occurred in this century until the Commonwealth Immigrants Acts came into effect in 1962.英国文化课后题答案Unit one1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the NorthernIreland2.55BC3. inventive, hard-working , serious-minded andcautious with money4.love of music and poetry, a great feeling for the music ofwords5.10,0006. Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, Dylan Thomas ,Gwyn Thomas, Jonathan Swift , Oscar Wilde6.Angles, Saxons , JutesIII. DDBABUnit Two1.The Crusades2. Columbus , Vasco d a·Gama2.Hundred Years’ War3.Parliament, the king 5. Charles Darwin7.the great slump 7. the League of Nations, the New UnitedNations OrganizationIII. BDACDUnit Three1.AD 587 10662. latin, Germanic3. Norman French4.Anglo-saxon, Latin, French5. Middle, Modern5.AD 1500 7. BBC annoucersIII. DACCUnit Four1.Elizabeth the Second2. On her majesty’s service3.the Most Noble Order of the Garter4.the head of the Church of England5.Acts of Parliament, the prerogative of the Crown, Coventions of the Constitution, common law, Parliamentary Privilege6. 5, 6357.the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of Commons8. the Queen in Parliament 9. the final appeal court in civil cases and criminal cases except criminal cases in Scotland10. make laws, to control and criticize the executive government, control the raising and spending of money11. the Lord Chancellor 12. The Prime Minister13. the Queen in Parliament, cabinet, the House of Commons, ParliamentIII. BCADCAUnit five1.coal, water power2. the Second World War , the Bank ofEngland, coal, civil aviation 3. Labour 4. a nation of shopkeepers 5. the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas in the North SeaIII. ADDAAUnit Six1.the Anglo-Saxon, epic of Beowulf, 6th2.P114 4段3.P114 6段4. Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton6.Thomas More , Utopia 6. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, The Taming of the Shrew, A Mid Summer Nights’Dream, As you like it, Richard II, Richard III, Henry IV parts I and II7.Essays 8. Paradise Lost , Paradise Regained, SamsonAgonistes 9. Pilgrim’s Progress 10. Jonathan Swift11. London and the Vanity of Human Wishes 12. Robert Burns 13.Robinson Crusoe 14. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats 15. Jane Auston, Charlotte Bronte ,Emily Bronte16. Robert Louis Stevenson, Lewis Carroll, William Makepeace Thackeray, David Copperfield, Pockwich Papers, George Eliot, Oscar Wilde, the Return of the Native, Tess of the D’urbervilles 17. James Joyce , Ulysses, George Bernard ShawIII. DACAA DAADDUnit Seven1.Roman Catholic Church, Protestant Church2.the Old Testament , the New Testament3.the Queen , the Archbishop of Canterbury4.God, Jesus, Holy Spirit5.presbyterian6.the Pope in Rome7.the Methodist Church, Congregational Church, the BaptistChurch, the Presbyterian, Quakers8.humbler of lifeunit 81.ill-bred2.modesty, conceit3.a sense of humor4.sportsmanshipunit 91.5, 152.Christmas, Easter, summer3.the selective, the comprehensive4.Eton, Harrow, Rugby5.freedom6.Oxford, Cambridge7.Glasgow Aberdeen8.London University9.Leeds, Lancaster10.e xclusiveness11.A CDDUnit 101.the insurance fund2.the first3.P188 第二段倒数第六行4.14 Regions ，a university medical school, 72 areas5.has made its weekly contributions to the fund6.5, 19 monthsIII. CABA美国文化Unit 41.Irving and Cooper2.Poe , The Fall of the House of Usher3.a small town 20 miles northwest of Boston ,Ralph WaldoEmerson, Henry David Thoreau ,Nathaniel Hawthorne4.Nature, The American Scholar, Self-Reliance5.Walden6.Scarlet Letter7.Melville8.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn9.Theodore Dreiser10.T he Great Gatesby , a man at the end of his youth ,striving torecapture a beautiful dream he once believed in11.D os Passos12.T he Sound and the Fury, Light in August, Absalom, Absalom13.The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom theBell Tolls14.John Steinbeck, Ralph Ellison15.E ugene O’Neill Long Day’s Journey into Night III. CADBD BCCA D BC。

英美文化课后答案Chapter7英美文化课后答案7Lecture 7T ell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FTFTT/FTTFT 11-20: TFTFT/TFTTTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Old English2. The Canterbury Tales3. The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus4. William Shakespeare5. historical plays; comedies6. P. B. Shelley; William Wordsworth7. Sense and Sensibility8. Oliver Twist9. The Heart of Darkness 10. stream of consciousness 11. the Transcendentalist Club 12. Natty Bumpoo 13. Moby Dick 14. Walt Whitman 15. The Red Badge of Courage 16. King of the English 17. Lord Protector 18. Princess Diana 19. Alchemist 20. calculus, gravitation 21. religious, interpretation 22. Boz 23. clerk, potential 24. florid, poetic 25. Locomotive 26. instructor 27. James Bond Series 28. satirist, boom, 1960s 29. Julie Andrews 30. big, gigantic 31. John Peel 32. The Lady with the Lamp 33. land, water 34. George Washington 35. New Deal 36. John Fitzgerald Kennedy 37. George Walker Bush 38. Barack Hussein Obama 39. Martin Luther King 40. Ray Kroc 41. Disneyland Park 42. William Henry Bill Gates 43. The Sketch BookChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BACCA/DABDB 11-20: CABBA/CDCAD 21-30:CBADC/BACBA31-32: CDExplain the following terms.1. The Canterbury TalesChaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is made up of a series of stories. These stories are told by pilgrims who were on their way to the important Christian church at Canterbury. Although these tales are incomplete, they cover all major types of medieval literature. It contains almost all the typical medieval figures. It isa miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.2.William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is probably the best known literary figure in the world. His many plays include tragedies, comedies and history plays. Shakespeare created four great tragedies. Hamlet is the most performed play in the world. Shakespeare is regarded as one of the founders of realism in the world literature.3. Jane EyreJane Eyre tells the story of an orphan, who has a loveless childhood at a terrible boarding school. When she grows up, she goes to work for Mr. Rochester as a governess to his child. Mr. Rochester becomes attracted to her because of her independence and free spirit.4. Tess of the D’UrbervillesThis story tells the tragic fate of Tess, a beautiful country girl. Tess is seduced by Alec D’urbervilles and has an illegitimate baby. She meets Angel Clare and they fall in love with each other. However, she is abandoned by Angel when he knows her past story. Tess has no choice butto live with Alec because her father dies and the family is starving. Later Angel regrets how he abandoned Tess and comes back to find her. Tess kills Alec in strong despair and greatmadness.5. Stream of consciousnessIn literary critic ism, “stream of consciousness” is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions.6. TranscendentalismTranscendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century. Among transcendentalists' core beliefs was an ideal spiritual state that “transcends” the physical and empirical and is only realized through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions. Prominent transcendentalists included Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.7. The lost generationThis is a term coined by author and poet, Gertrude Stein. Often it is used to refer to a group of American writers who lived in Paris and other parts of Europe, some after military service in the First World War. Figures identified with the "Lost Generation" include authors and poets Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Ezra Pound. The Lost Generation captures the zeitgeist of the time period: disillusionment.8. Moby DickIt is considered one of the world’s greatest masterpieces. This is a story about a whaling voyage. The hero Ishmael went out to sea on the whaling ship, Pequod. The captain, Ahab, lost one leg on a previous voyage when he met the white whale Moby Dick, so he was determined to kill the white whale. At last MobyDick appeared and Captain Ahab ordered his ship to fight with it. All the crew were drowned except Ishmael, who survived to tell the story.9. Mark TwainMark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Twain had an American sense of humor; he dealt with the lower strata of society. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was an immediate success and its sequel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, became his masterwork. Mark Twain made colloquial speech a literary medium. This is his great contribution to American literature. His style influenced writers who followed, like Sherwood Anderson and Ernest Hemmingway.10. The Great GatsbyF. Scott Fitzgerald’s masterpiece is The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald created a myth out of American life from his personal experience. Gatsby falls in love with Daisy, but he is too poor to marry her. Daisy married Tom Buchanan. In order to win his love back, Gatsby began bootlegging and other activities to make a big fortune. But finally he found Daisy was not the ideal love of his dreams. He had a strong sense of loss and disillusionment.11. Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor and film director of the silent film era. He became one of the best-known film stars in the world before the end of the First World War. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Loveonwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing, and from 1918 composing the music. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919.12. John LennonJohn Lennon (9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980) was an English singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founding members of The Beatles, and together with Paul McCartney formed one of the most successful songwriting partnerships of the 20th century. Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, his writing, on film, and in interviews, and became controversial through his work as a peace activist. He moved to New Y ork City in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon's administration to deport him, while his songs were adapted as anthems by the anti-war movement. Disengaging himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to his family, Lennon reemerged in 1980 with a comeback album, Double Fantasy, but was murdered three weeks after its release.13. David BeckhamDavid Beckham (born 2 May 1975) is an English footballer who currently plays in midfield for Los Angeles Galaxy in Major League Soccer, having previously played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, and Milan, as well as the England national team, for whom he holds the all-time appearance record for an outfield player.Beckham has twice been runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Y ear and in 2004 was the world's highest-paid footballer when taking into account salary and advertising deals. Beckham was the first British footballer to play 100Champions League matches. He was Google's most searched of all sports topics in both 2003 and 2004. With such global recognition he has become an elite advertising brand and a top fashion icon. When joining the MLS in 2007 he was given the highest player salary in the league's history, with his playing contract with the Galaxy over the next three years being worth $6.5m per year.14. James WattJames Watt (19 January 1736 –25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.15. Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was a celebrated English nurse, writer and statistician. A Christian universalist, Nightingale believed that God had called her to be a nurse. She came to prominence for her pioneering work in nursing during the Crimean War, where shetended to wounded soldiers. She was dubbed "The Lady with the Lamp" after her habit of making rounds at night. Nightingale laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment, in 1860, of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London, the first secular nursing school in the world. The Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses was named in her honour, and the annual International Nurses Day is celebrated around the world on her birthday.Translation1. 值得怀疑的是在人们最需要开心、快乐与放松的时候，是否能有人比卓别林带给人们更多的欢乐。

(判断题)Chapter 81. The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territory.(F)2. The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.(T)3. Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)4. New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T)5. San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located here.(F)6. During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7. Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8. Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.(T)Chapter 91. America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2. The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3. The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4. Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5. In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6. According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7. The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8. On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101. Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2. The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3. The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4. The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5. The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6. American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7. American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8. American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111. America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2. In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3. Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4. President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)5. The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6. American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)7. Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8. The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)Chapter 121. Education is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2. All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3. After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)5. Usually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6. Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7. It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)8. Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)(选择题)Chapter 81. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico tothe south, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its A. northern, east, west B. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2. The continental United States has statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353. The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4. The largest river in the U. S. isA. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5. Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in .A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6. San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to .A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7. The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularly fromA. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8. The characteristic of the dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 91. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2. The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians3. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4. In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5. Abraham Lincoln issued the to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6. The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7. President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of PresidentsA. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101. The U. S. Constitution came into effect inA. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932. The Constitution of the United StatesA. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3. The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4. The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5. All the following can make legislative proposal except .A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6. The following are all powers of the President except .A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7. The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8. The President is directly voted into office byA. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 111. America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fieldsexcept .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2. The modern American economy progressed from to and eventually, toA. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3. Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4. urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton5. The following inventio ns took place during the “second industrial revolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6. President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs likethe following except A. Medicare B. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7. The following statements are all true exceptA. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8. Employment in the sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tectChapter 121. Formal education in the United States consists of ,secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2. Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4. Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5. To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6. is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7. Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8. The National Day of the United States falls on each year.A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th(简答题)Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2．Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 9 history.1. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a close b)reestablishing U.S. relations with china c) negotiating the first strategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 10 government1. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret laws b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d)may declare a law unconstitutional e) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy andemphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 11 economy1. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.Chapter 12 education , media and holidays1. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.。

英美文化课后答案1Lecture 1 GeographyTell whether each of the following statement is true or false.1-10: TTTFF/FTFTT11-20: FTFFF/TFFFTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. the North Sea, the English Channel2. Great Britain, Ireland3. the highland zone, the lowland zone4. the Republic of Ireland5. London6. Buckingham Palace7. the Royal Standard8. Edinburgh9. the British Isles 10. Scotch whiskey 11. fourth 12. Canada, Mexico 13. Pacific Ocean 14. the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains 15. cold, mild 16. Christopher Columbus, George Washington 17. Wall Street 18. San Francisco 19. the Oscars 20. Walk of Fame 21. English Channel 22. North Sea, Atlantic Ocean 23. cooler, rainfall, sunlight 24. Highlands 25. 11.8 26. 58.4, 239 27. Anglo-Saxons, Celts 28. English, Gaelic, Welsh 29. established 30. free, Baptist, the United Reformed Church, Methodists, Quaker 31. Reformation 32. Christians 33. Sabbath 34. metric, monetary 35. Canada; Mexico; Russia 36. 1783 37. Russia; Canada; China 38. north-central; four 39. tropical; volcanic islands 40. “Father of Waters”; “Old Man River”, the Rockies; the Gulf of Mexico 41. the Mississippi River; the Columbia River 42. the Great Lakes, lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Lake Michigan, Canada 43. the west, the USA, Mexico, Canada 44. hurricanesChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stted in the text.1-10: BDBDC/ADCAA 11-20: ABDBA/CCBAB 21-30: ABDDA/BCCDA 31-40: CADAA/BCBABExplain the following terms.1.The British IslesThe British Isles is the name of some islands in Western Europe, separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Among the islands, Great Britain and Ireland are the two main ones. The country of the U.K. mainly consists of these two islands.2.LondonLondon is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the world’s ninth largest city. As one of the world's most important business, financial and cultural centers, it carries a lot of influence in aspect of politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts. The city is also a major tourist destination for both domestic and overseas visitors.3.Edinburgh FestivalEdinburg h is well known for the annual Edinburgh Festival, the world’s largest arts festival. Established in 1947, it takes place in the city during three weeks every August alongside severalother arts and cultural festivals, collectively known as the Edinburgh Festival.4. New York CityThe city of New York, the largest city in the United States, is known for its status as a financial, cultural, transportation, and manufacturing center. The city consists of five boroughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Among American cities, New York is unique for its 24-hour mass transit, so the city is sometimes referred to as "The City that Never Sleeps". New York City is the most populous city in the United States, and it is unique for the density and diversity of its population.5. White HouseThe White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. It was built between 1792 and 1800 in the late Georgian style and has been the executive residence of every U.S. President since John Adams, the 2nd president of the U.S.6.HollywoodHollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California. Because it is well known as the historical center of movie studios and stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a symbol for the American film and television industry. Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. Hollywood is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism and home to the Walk of Fame.7. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is that part of the British Isles ruled over by the Queen. It consists of Scotland, Wales and England, and also the Northern part of Ireland. The full title of the United Kingdom is therefore “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.8. The highland zoneThe highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the north and west. And the highest elevations in the Britain Isles are in the highland zone. The highland zone is cooler than the lowland zone, and receives more rainfall and less sunlight.9. The lowland zoneThe lowland zone in the south and east of Britain consists mostly of rolling plains with a gentle, undulating surface and extensive areas of almost-level ground. It receives less rain and more sunshine than the highland zone and much of the soil in the zone is fertile. Most of Britain’s population lives densely packed into the lowland zone, which covers most of England. The metropolis of London and most of Britain’s large cities are located in the lowland zone.10. The Pennine ChainThe Pennine Chain is the backbone of England. It is a massive upland area extending 260km north to south, starting at the Cheviot Hills on England’s border with Scotland and ending in the Midlands of central England. It is made up of several broad, rolling, windswept moorlandsseparated by deep river valleys. Many of England’s major industrial areas lie on the flanks of the Pennie Chain, where there are many coalfields.11. ThamesThe Thames is the second longest river in Britain. It is 338km long, and flows eastward out of the Cotswold Hills and weaves through the metropolis of London. The Thames provides water to the city of London and is used to carry commercial freight.12. The Church of EnglandIt is the established church of the English nation, with the king or queen as the head of the Church and being crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury in Westminster.13. Free ChurchesThey are Protestant churches outside the Church of England, including Baptists, the United Reformed Church, Quakers and Methodists. They suffered religious and political persecution in the 17th century, and were excluded from many offices and places, until the early 19th century. They were once called “dissenters” and “non-conformists”, now they are called members of Free Churches.14. EasterIt is a Christian festival, kept on the first Sunday after the first full moon of the vernal equinox, commemorating Christ’s resurrection. Parents usually color hard-boiled eggs before Easter. Late Saturday night or early Sunday morning the eggs are hidden, and the children have an Easter egg. Little children believe the Easter rabbit comes and leaves the eggs for them.15. Westminster AbbeyIt is an ancient church where kings and queens are crowned and where, particularly in Poets’Corner, many famous men and women are buried.16. ReformationIt began as a political movement as much as a religious one: when the Pope would not let Henry VIII divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, Henry declared himself head of the English Church and dissolved the monasteries. Protestantism, of a Calvinist type, was introduced under Edward VI, Mary I brought a catholic reaction, but with Elizabeth I the Church of England was established on a moderate protestant basis.。

英美文化课后答案Chapter3Politics英美文化课后答案3Lecture 3 PoliticsTell whether each of the following statement is true or false.1-10: FTTFF/FTTTF 11-20: TTFTF/FFTFT 21-30: TFTFF/TFFTT Fill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Lords; Commons2. the Prime Minister; the Sovereign/Queen3. the Queen; the House of Commons4. Conservative Party; Labour Party5. Conservative6. a federal system7. executive; judicial8. one; eight9. Senate; Representatives; two 10. the Democratic Party; the Republican Party 11. Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. 12. legislature, monarch 13. the Queen 14. Commons, resigns, dissolve 15. not, most, majority, Prime Minister, Opposition, frontbenches, Shadow 16. supreme law 17. the Articles of Confederation18. republic, state, president 19. ratification 20. Bill of Rights, amendments 21. executive, checks and balances 22. bicameral, the Senate, the House of Representatives 23. President, Constitutional Amendment, two 24. Supreme Court 25. Democratic, Republican 26. the Electoral CollegeChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: CDAAC/ADDAD 11-20: DCDBC/ADDAC 21-28: BCDAB/BDBExplain the following terms.1. British ParliamentThe British Parliament today consists of three parts: the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Parliament has a number of different functions. First and foremost, it passes laws. Another role of the Parliament is to scrutinize, or examine the government.2. Life peerLife peers receive their noble titles from the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister. However, a life peer cannot pass the title on to his or her children. These appointments are usually made for people’s outstanding careers or contributions to society. Famous people who have been made peers are former British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher.3. British ConstitutionThe U.K. does not have a written constitution, which most countries have. While much of the constitution is written down, it is not systematically written into a single document. The British Constitution is made up of three main parts: Statutes, Common Laws and Conventions.4. The Labour PartyThe Labour Party was developed by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century. It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties in the U.K. The Labour Party supported state control of important industries and a more equal distribution of wealth. It has drawn financial support from the trade unions.5. The U.S. ConstitutionThe Constitution of the United States was written as a single political document in 1787. There were only 7 articles in it. The Constitution demands the election of the president, and provides that federal laws would only be made by a Congress. It also provides for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court. The Constitution follows these principles: federal system, “checks and balances” of the powers and respect for the Constitution.6. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between the central government and the state government. Therefore, each of the Americans is under the two governments--the federal government and the state government. The federal government has the right to declare war, to tax, to borrow or coin money and to regulate business and trade. Generally speaking, the federal government deals with foreign affairs and matters of general concern to all the states.7. Checks and balancesWhen Americans talk about the system of “checks and balances”, they often refer to the three-part government. The system limits the powers of the three branches. Each branch has powers that the others do not have, and each branch is given power to check the operations of the others, so that no one branch can become too powerful.8. The CongressThe Congress is the supreme legislative branch of the U.S. government. Under the Constitution, it is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes, and declare war upon other countries. The American Congress is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. BothSenators and Representatives of the House are chosen by a direct election from all of the states.9. Bill of RightsMany of the recommendations of the states ratifying conventions were considered later by James Madison as he drafted what became the Bill of The Rights. It is commonly viewed as consisting of the first 10 articles of Amendments to the Constitution. These amendments give all Americans rights to believe in any religion; to speak, write and publish as they like; to gather together peaceably and to petition the government; to be secure in their homes without fear of unreasonable searches and seizure of persons and property; and to receive fair and just treatment in courts of law. The Bill of Rights was added in 1791.10. jurisdictionJurisdiction is the authority to hear and decide cases. According to the Constitution, the federal courts exercise jurisdiction over cases in which the subject involves either the U.S. Constitution, statutes, or treaties; maritime law; or cases in which the litigants include either the U.S. government, more than one state government, one state government and a citizen of another state, citizens of more than one state, or a foreign government or citizen. The state courts exercise jurisdiction over the remaining cases. These include most criminal cases.11. Electoral CollegeIt is a body that elects the president and vice president. Each state is represented by the same number of members as in its congressional delegation. In another word, each has as many electors as the total representation in Congress (House plus Senate). The voters vote for electors who will cast their ballots in the Electoral College. Because of the winner-take-all feature ofthe Electoral College, the system gives an advantage to large states and their urban populations.12. Manifest DestinyThe 19th century journalist John O’Sullivan coined the phrase “manifest destiny”in an 1839 article. It conveyed the belief in the divinely conferred right of the republic to expand westward and bring more of the continent into “the great experiment of Liberty and Federated self-government”.Questions for Discussion1.The Articles of Confederation was the first governing Constitution of the United States ofAmerica. Although serving a crucial role in the victory in the American Revolutionary War, a group of reformers felt that the Articles lacked the necessary provisions for a sufficiently effective government. Another problem is that the government lacked taxing authority; it had to request funds from the states. Another criticism of the Articles was that they did not strike the right balance between large and small states in the legislative decision making process. 2.Legislature is a type of representative assembly with the power to create and change laws.The President has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur. Under the Constitution, the President is responsible for foreign relations with other nations. He also has the right to veto or sign any bills passed by Congress. He can call into service of the National Guard. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution. The Supreme Court is the ultimate appellate court in the United States. It usually hears cases on appeal. If Congress proposes a law that the President thinks is unwise, the President can veto it. That means the proposal does not becomelaw. If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect.。

英美国家文化概况课后选择题答案UNIT31.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.2. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.3. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptMartin Luther King4. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism exceptsalvation through the church.5. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?separation of state and church.6. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed becausethe English king did not like the plan.7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic exceptWilliam Penn.8. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromJohn Locke.9. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?Catholics.10. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cryof “the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.UNIT41. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.2. According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons. Which is not true?Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.3. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?Rhode Island.4. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,t here was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? The legislative.6.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?The president can make laws.7. The Bill of Rights consists of10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791.8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?The freedom of searching a person's home by police.9. The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 exceptthe powers of the president.10. The New Deal was started byFranklin Roosevelt.UNIT 51. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of Rhode Island.2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in United States.firearms industry3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in 1863.4. In which year was the United States rated NO.1 in terms of production capacity in the world? 19455. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?Steelmaking6. The United States was rated forth in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.7. The United States produces as much as half of the world’ssoybeans and corn.8. Which of the following is generally considered as an important institutional factor that contributed to the success of American business and industry?Laissez-faire9. Who has extolled the virtues of farmers?Thomas Jefferson10. The latest technology that farmers have adopted iscomputersUNIT61. Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?The Catholics2. Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United States?Public money is provided to support religious schools.3. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs?Islamic4. Which of the following is true?Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women,5. Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?The Catholic Church6. Which of the following features is NOT distinctively American?There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the US.7. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except for finding a job in society.8. Which of the following statement is NOT correct according to the author?Protestant Church is an established church by law in the US.UNIT 71. Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?Washington Irving2. Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?Moby Dick3. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?Walden4. Whitman’s poetry has the following characteristics exceptfragmented haunting images5. Mark Twain’s work are characterized by the following exceptegotism6. Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickinson’s poems. Which one is NOT? Her poems are very long and powerful.7. Henry James was mainly interested in writing about American living in Europe.8. Sherwood Anderson is NOT included in the group of naturalists.9. Three of the following authors are Noble Prize winners. Which one is NOT?F.Scott Fitzgerald.10. John Steinbeck does NOT belong to the ‘Lost Generation’.11. Lig ht in August was NOT written by Hemingway.12. Which of the following is NOT an African-American author?Alan Ginsberg13. The following author were women writers who wrote novels in the 19th and early 20th century with the exception of Willa Cather14. The following writers represent new American voices exceptT.S.Eliot15. Among the following Native American writers, whosepublications are regarded as sparking the beginning of the Native American Renaissance?Scott Momaday’sUNIT 81.Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?Politics and business education.2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _______.boards of education3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?Elementary school, secondary school.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?Research institutions5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?Large universities offer scholarships to all students.6. The most important reason for students wanting to get into more desirable institutions because they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of them7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that _______.they pass the college entrance examinations8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?The State University of New York9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _______. Investment10. To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyUNIT 91. Black American sang the anthem of the civil rights movement, ______affirming their commitment to fight racial prejudice.We Shall Overcome!2. The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as Ku Klux Klan.3. The reason why many young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s was thatthey resented traditional white male values in US society4. In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ______to educate people about war in Vietnam.Teach-in5. According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation. Which is the exception?The students for a democratic society6. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when ______delivered his “I Have a Dream”Martin Luther King, Jr.7. In January 1965, President Johnson declared “_______”to eliminate poverty “by opening to everyone the opp ortunity to live in decency and dignity.”War on poverty8. Unlike Martin Luther King, _______the chief spokesperson of Black Muslins advocated violence in self defense and blackpride.Malcolm X9.During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as _____to integrate interstate buses and bus station in the South.Freedom rides10. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India’s leader Ga ndhi, _______was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1964.Martin Luther King,Jr.11. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____ the Hippies12. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied with their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of _______by _________, they found a voice.The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanUNIT 101. Which of the following statement is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s?Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.2. the main factor contributing to the widening income gap between blacks and whites in the 1970s was _____black had low position and low pay in the workplace hierarchy3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? The aggressive nature of these groups.4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?Robbery5. Which of the following statement is NOT true?The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.6. Accoding to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse? Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.7. If white-collar crimes were included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPTliving near city centers8. Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs like LSD?The CIAUNIT111. When did the word stereotype come into use in English?Early 17th century2. Which organization in the United States demonstrated strongly against any laws that might restrict gun ownership?The NRA (national Rifle Association)3. Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?Facebook4. Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot which was associated with life in America since the late 18th century?Israel Zangwill5. What was the major historical event that resulted in the separation of the Protestants from the Roman Catholic Church?The 16th-century Reformation6. Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA?Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.7. Which of the following was President FranklinD.Roosevelt’s mai n concern?Social justice8. According to the author, the mosaic metaphor for American image has one fatal flaw. What is it?American is not open to change .9.The internet has several characteristics that reflect life in the USA today. Which one is NOT? People can freely download MP3 music10. Which of the following institution is responsible for the making of the Internet?The US military11. Free use of the Internet in the US responds to the basic American values, except that _____it doesn’t help create material wealth.12. Which of the following helps theorize the concept of Fraternity? Karl Marx。

1.what are the general features of Britain`s independent schools？An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding, predominantly in the form of school fees. In England and Wales the term public school is often used to refer to what is normally called in other countries a "private" school, a term which originally referred to those schools named in the Public Schools Act 1868. These schools themselves tend to prefer the term "independent school".2.why is the United States regarded as a "melting pot" and a "salad"？The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States; the melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.After 1970 the desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model was challenged by proponents of multiculturalism, who assert that cultural differences within society are valuable and should be preserved, proposing the alternative metaphor of the salad bowl –different cultures mix, but remain distinct.3.why did America change its policy and enter world war two?Because the Great Depression lead a worldwide warfare crisis . But in the face of the Warfare crisis，the thinking of isolationism and anthropocentrism filled the society of America,most of American pay no attention on the war of other countries. It was until March of 1941 when the warfare fo west Europe is become incandescent the Capitol Hill adopt the Act of Lease. This marked US was no longer neutral state but a member of Allies. Than the Pearl Harbor incident finally made the United States enter The World War II on the side of the Allies.4.what were Nixon's well-known contributions during his presidency?Nixon is noted for his diplomatic foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union and China, and his efforts to end the Vietnam War. He is also noted for his middle-of-the-road domestic policy that combined conservative rhetoric and, in many cases, liberal action, as in his environmental policy.As president, Nixon imposed wage and price controls, indexed Social Security for inflation, and created Supplemental Security Income. The number of pages added to the Federal Register each year doubled under Nixon. He advocated gun control, reduced speed limits, and eradicated the last remnants of the gold standard. Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration and implemented the Philadelphia Plan, the first significant federal affirmative action program.5.what was the cause of the American civil war?1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South.2. States versus federal rights3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.6.what are the two characteristics of the U.S construction?the Statue of Liberty The Capitol7.what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively? Senator:1) each senator must be at least 30 years old, 2) must have been a citizen of the United States for at least the past nine years, and 3) must be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant ofthe state he or she seeks to represent.Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent.8.what are the Major powers of the supreme court?The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Justices serve "during good Behaviour," which terminates at death, resignation, retirement, or conviction on impeachment. The Court meets in Washington, D.C. in the United States Supreme Court building. The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in a small number of cases.9.how does an American university choose its applicants?It will through some aspects：transcript，academic performance，extra-curricular achievements，personnel，inherence，artistic skills10.what are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The date and whereabouts of the first Thanksgiving celebration is a topic of modest contention, though the earliest attested Thanksgiving celebration was on September 8, 1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida. Despite any scholarly research to the contrary, however, the traditional "first Thanksgiving" presented by Chief Massasoit is venerated as having occurred at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in 1621.11.what is the essence of American puritanism?1，puritanism is a strict religious doctrine.2, puritanism also has practical aspects. Puritans have to work hard, and prepare for the obstacles they will meet in their life.American puritanism contains origional sin, predestination,total depravity，limited atonement of God's grace12.what is the lost generation?The Lost Generation is a term used to refer to a collective group of artists and writers who settled in Europe in the wake of the First World War. Members of the Lost Generation lived in Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s, and they had a profound impact on society and the arts. This generation is referred to as “lost” not because it has faded from memory, but because the individuals in the Lost Generation often expressed a sense of emotional confusion, feeling lost in their own society.13.what are the characteristics of American writing during the romantic period? reaction against logic and reason; antiscientific in its bent; faith in something inherently good and transcendent in the human spirit in no need of salvation, but rather in need of awakening..."In this romantic period, writers put more emphasis on moral enthusiasm, and their masterpieces were full of passion, emotion, fancy and imagination. They also had a faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, they displayed personalities, express feelings and ideas, emphasize men’s rights for freedom and happiness.For their part human nature is of good will. Men can learn the world through their own ability, conscience and intuition. The romantic showed a deep admiration and love for nature. Theypraised America’s landscape of its primitive forests, meadows, vast plains, seas and blue oceans. The beauty and perfection of nature could enable them to have unutterable joy and exuberance. And nature was regarded as a source of goodness while man’s societies a source o f corruption. Writers like Freneau, Cooper and Bryant took a great interest in external nature in their respective works.14.state the background for the American civil rights movement.The Civil Rights Movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to primarily African American citizens of United States. There have been many movements on behalf of other groups in the U.S. over time, but the term is often used to refer to the struggles between 1955 and 1968 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial segregation, especially in the U.S. South. See African American for information on how various terms have been used at that time period for African Americans.15.make comments on women's liberation movement.The changes women worked for included changes in economic practices, such as not only asking equal work, but also equal opportunity for jobs in fields such as science and technology, management and politics.They wanted changes in social practices and attitudes which would acknowledge that women were not inferior to men in intelligence or abilityLegal segregation ended in the South as a result of the civil rights movement.The women's movement continues to gain more rights and opportunities for women.The social movements of the 1960s had a strong effect on the way people think and caused changes in many laws.16.what is the lvy league?name at least 4 of its members.The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term also has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a reputation for social elitism.Brown UniversityHarvard UniversityYale UniversityColumbia University。

英美文化课后答案5Lecture 5 EducationTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FFTFF/FTFTT 11-20: TFFFF/FFTFF 20-26: FTFFF/TFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. an infant section; a junior section2. the state schools; independent schools3. Grammarschools 4. public schools 5. General National V ocational Qualifications 6. Oxford University; Cambridge University 7. Oxford 8. 1836 9. Open University 10.B achelor’s degree; M aster’s degree; D octor’s degree.11. elementary 12. kindergarten13. elementary education; secondary education 14. home schooling 15. critical-thinking16. Harvard University 17. Harvard University 18. Yale University 19. PrincetonUniversity 20. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BBCBB/BCABD 11-20: BABBC/DBABA 21-25: CCDDASentence Completion1. Oxford, Cambridge2. Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester3. 5, 164. independent5. academic, practicalExplain the following terms.prehensive schoolComprehensive schools were established before 1960, when pupils were not separated by the criterion of academic ability. Such schools provide general education. The pupils study a wide variety of subjects at first and after two or three years they may give up some of them and only study the subject they like.2.Grammar schoolGrammar schools are the oldest schools in the U.K. Grammar schools select children; the children who get high marks in the“Eleven Plus” examination can attend them. The students who show academic potential can attend grammar schools in which the emphasis is advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of comprehensive schools.3.Independent schoolIndependent schools are also confusingly called public schools. Independent schools are funded through the private sector, tuition fees and minimal government assistance. Independent schools generally recruit the best teachers and provide advanced facilities. As a result, graduates of independent schools are more likely than those of state schools to be accepted by famous universities.4.OxbridgeThe term Oxbridge is used to refer both Oxford University and Cambridge University as asingle entity.5.Open UniversityThe Open University （OU）is the U.K.’s largest university for part-time higher education. It was founded in 1969 and began its first courses in 1970. It is open to everybody and doesn’t require the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are taught through TV, radio, videos and a network of study centers.6.creditCredit is used to measure an undergraduate in academic progress. A credit equals to one hour of classroom lecture, or two or three hours of experiments per week in a semester.7.higher educationHigher education in the United Stated began with the founding of Harvard College in 1636. When the students have finished high school (twelfth grade), they may go on to a college or a university. College or university study is kno wn as “higher education”.8.Harvard UniversityHarvard University, the oldest institution of higher education in the United States, was established in l636, and named for its first benefactor，John Harvard. Harvard University is known around the world for its outstanding academic achievements. It has produced more than 40 Nobel laureates.Short Answer Questions1. The traditional “three R’s” are: reading, writing and arithmetics.2. After the Second World War a new educational system emphasizing equality was constructed with the assistance of church and trade unions. The Education Act in 1944 made entry to secondary schools and universities meritocratic. In other words, more children had access to a good education not because of their social class or their parents’ possession, but for the abilities they display. All children were given the right to a free secondary education.3. British high education is world renowned for two reasons: history and research output.4. Most universities in the United Kingdom can be classified into six main categories:1) Ancient universities – universities founded before the 19th century.2) London universities – universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries.3) Red Brick universities –universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The term “redbrick” is not used much today, but it is a useful way of describing this group of universities, many of which were built in the favorable building material of the time – red brick.4) Plate Glass Universities – founded in the 1960s which were known as “New Universities” when first created, but which are now more commonly considered a sub-section of the “Old Universities” which existed prior to the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 which allowed Polytechnics to become Universities.5) The Open University – founded in 1968, Britain’s sole mainly distance-learning University.6) New Universities –created in or after 1992 often called post-1992 universities, from polytechnics and colleges of Higher Education.5. The Open University is a degree-granting institution that provides courses of study for adults of all ages through television, radio, produced books, audio/video cassettes, correspondence courses and local study programs.6 .No Child Left Behind Act was passed to mandate Adequate Yearly Progress, which helped, to some extent, set some national learning standards.7. Because the individual state has the law-endowed rights to make its own educational decisions.8. American universities select their students up to their GPA and SAT mainly, at the same time, they may also take into consideration some subjective factors such as a commitment to extracurricular activities, a personal essay, and possibly an interview.9. GPA stands for Grade Point Average; SAT stands for School Aptitude Test.10. Charter schools receive public money but have been freed from some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools in exchange for some type of accountability for producing certain results, which are set forth in each school’s charter.School vouchers, or education vouchers are a certificate issued by the government by which parents can pay for the education of their children at a school of their choice, rather tahtn the public school to which they are assigned.。