名师解析2013考研英语阅读复习技巧之主旨大意题

2013考研英语阅读真题及参考答案解析2013年考研英语阅读参考答案及解析Part AText 121.【答案】B (insensitivity to fashion)【解析】事实细节题。

根据题干，首先定位到首段。

由文章第一句后半句scoldsher unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her。

意思是：批评她没有魅力的助理，因为助理认为高级时尚对她的生活影响不大。

可知criticize是对scolds的同义替换，B项中的insensitivity to fashion是imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her。

的同义替换。

所以B项为正确答案。

A项在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。

C项和D项是对文章第一句的曲解。

22.【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently)【解析】事实细节题。

根据题干，首先定位到第二段。

由倒数第二句these labels encouragestyle-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, , and to renew their wardrobeevery few weeks。

意思是这些商标(畅销商标)促使有时尚意识的消费者将服装看成是用完就可以丢弃的，，并且每周更新他们的衣橱。

D选项shop for their garments morefrequently的意思是更加频繁地购买服装，正好是renew their wardrobe every few weeks的同义替换。

A，B，C项均属于无中生有项。

23.【答案】A (accusation)【解析】词义题。

题干中需要猜测词义的单词出现在第二段的第一句thefeverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of fast fashion。

1.考察写作目的的设问方式⑴考查整篇文章的写作目的The writer writes this passage in order to _____.The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.The purpose of this article is to …The passage is intended to…(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.2.常见的写作意图⑴整篇文章的写作意图：to entertain readers 娱乐读者，让人发笑：to persuade readers to buy something; 说服读者接受某种观点to sell a product or a service; 推销一种产品﹑一种服务to attract more visitors / readers / audience(旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍)To instruct or to educate.(让读者得到某种启示或教育)to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）⑵某处的写作意图文章的开头：作者在文章开头提出问题一般是为了让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，to draw the readers’ at tention to the topic / to serve as an introduction to the discussion）三.标题类主旨大意题1.标题的设问方式①The best title / headline for this passage isOnce Upon a Wish shares the wishes and stories of eight children. These families generously invite us into their worlds, allowing us to become part of their darkest moments, their unimaginable realities, their greatest hopes, deepest fears, and unbelievable successes.Once Upon a Wish is a celebration of hope, revealing how wishes-come-true can become motivators and cherished gifts that will last a lifetime.Price: $9.99Where to download: Available on the iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, and Mac.Category: Biographies & MemoirsPublished: Mar 05, 2013Publisher: BenBella Books, Inc.Seller: The Perseus Books Group, LLCPrint Length: 352 PagesLanguage: English2. What is Once Upon a Wish mainly about?A. Wishes and stories of eight children.B. The history of the Make-A-Wish Foundation.C. Some children’s experiences of helping others.D. Frank Shankwitz’s personal experiences with some children.3. The purpose of this article is to ___________________________BCHICAGO (Reuters)-Smoking not only can wrinkle (皱纹) the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body---even skin protecte d from the sun……4. The main idea of the passage is to ______.A. inform the effect of smoking on our skinB. advise people how to protect skinC. warn people not to smokeD. introduce a new way of avoid skin aging5.The purpose is to __________A. inform the effect of smoking on our skinB. advise people how to protect skinC. warn people not to smokeD. introduce a new way of avoid skin aging例二Like the frame of a house, the spine（脊柱）is what keeps bodies sturdy and upright. Put too much weight on this frame while a young body is still developing, and it could change a child’s posture, compress the spine, and impair growth, says Rob Danoff, a doctor of osteopathic medicine with Philadelphia’s Aria Health System. “It also might contribute to back problems or injuries when the child’s older,” he says.Danoff says proper fit and design are important to relieve pressure from the spine and shoulders. You want a backpack th at’s made for your size. Padded shoulder straps and a cushioned back will also prevent aches and pains. Small roller bags are an option, but some schools do not allow them because they pose tripping hazards, or may litter classroom aisles or hallways in the event of a fire.How heavy is too heavy? “As a general rule, research shows the backpack should be no more than 10 to 20 % of a child’s body weight to avoid pain or potential injury,” Jacobs says. “We like to recommend 10 %.” For an elementary school chi ld who weighs just 50 or 60 pounds, a couple textbooks and lunch could push a pack beyond the safe threshold. For that reason, Jacobs says it’s important that kids are carrying only what they need. “We’ve noticed that students are taking lots and lots of w ater to school with them, which is a lot of extra weight,” Jacobs says. She recommends packing an empty water bottle and filling it at school. Another tip is to pack the heaviest items in the middle of the pack, closer to the back.7. For what purpose does the author mention the little turtles?A .To give examples B. To introduce the topicC. To describe the movement of the turtles C. To tell us the upset feelings of the turtles8. What is the key message of the last two paragraphs?A. General rules to avoid painB. Basic information of the studentsC. Great difficulty to deal withD. Backpack tipsBClose your eyes and picture the city of Paris．Now imagine the city without its most famous landmark：the Eiffel Tower．The unthinkable almost happened．………This year marks the iconic structure’s 125th birthday．Over the years，research conducted there has brought dramatic and unexpected payoffs．During World War I，for instance，the French army used the Tower as a giant ear to receive radio messages．It even led to the arrest of one of the war's most famous spies．9.The arrest of a famous spy is mentioned to show．A．the Eiffel Tower has lost its initial valueB．the Eiffel Tower has existed long enoughC．research done in the Eiffel Tower had unexpected payoffsD．the Eiffel Tower was successfully preserved during the war例三Lacrosse(曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is…New York Times found out, 94% of the respondents(应答者) said they put in a lot of thought on how the content they are sharing will be beneficial to others.A lot of people share information online to present their true image to the outside world. Some people, especially those who feel shy and uncomfortable to talk about their areas of interest in the presence of others, find it extremely convenient to share that information online with like-minded individuals.78% of the respondents in the study of The New York Times said they shared inforamtion online because it helped them develop better realationships. Today, a lot of people do not have the time to meet each other in person, and the Internet has become a great substitue. A lot of people now meet each other online, rather than in conventional places like restaurants and pubs.Lastly, when we share our thoughts online, we are actively involving ourselves in the vast community of people who are a part of the World Wide Web. Sharing information will make a difference to the viewpoint of others, or add to their understanding about the world. In the study of The New York Times, 89% of the respondents said that feeling satisfied with what they have done, they enjoyed sharing to get more involved in the world.12. What’s the main idea of the each paragraph?1)______________________________________________________________________2).______________________________________________________________________3)._______________________________________________________________________4)._______________________________________________________________________5).________________________________________________________________________13. The text mainly tells us___________A. We should share information onlineB. how we can share information onlineC. more people share information onlineD. what motivates people to share information online例五Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each others’ hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.14.The paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. where handshaking was first practicedB. how handshaking came aboutC. about the relationship between handshaking and tradeD. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China归纳总结：这是采用______________主题的展开方式，主题藏在句子中。

英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对锻炼大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。

此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占3-4个。

下面就跟着店铺一起来详细了解一下主旨大意题的解题技巧吧!◆主旨大意题的分类⑴从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。

主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的`主题提问。

主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。

⑵从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意;②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的;③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。

◆设问特点：1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。

3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。

4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。

◆常考问题：1). 中心思想类The main point /idea of the passage is…The passage is mai nly about…The passage mainly discusses…The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2).标题类Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passage would be …3).目的类The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …The passage is meant to ….In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…【技巧点拨】1. 寻找主题句:抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。

英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。

一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。

这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。

它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，以及要求学生要具有上下文逻辑的概括能力。

1、主旨大意题题干常见的问句形式1）主旨句设问类型What is the main idea of this passage？What does the passage mainly talk about？We can conclude / learn from the passage that ……2）最佳标题选择类型The best title for this passage is ……3）作者主旨意图类型What does the writer want to tell us？Which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage？在高考阅读理解中，主旨大意题的考查占有十分重要的位置。

主题思想是文章的核心，能否抓住文章的主题思想，是考生阅读能力最主要的体现。

高考中阅读理解的测试，自然也以此作为检验考生阅读理解能力最重要的标准。

下面就这一题型给出一些思路、做题步骤及技巧：一.划分文章结构。

英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。

主题段通常在文章的开头或结尾，简要概括文章的中心思想。

段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。

为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。

因此根据文章理顺文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法，理清全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。

英语阅读理解中主旨大意题的答题技巧一、考查方向这种综合概括类题目的一般范闱是：根本论点、文章标题、主题和段落大意，主要是测试考生阅读理解的根本能力，考查学生在语言水平上对文章的整体把握：能否分辨主题与细节：能否具有综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力。

这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式：这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式：(―)中心思想类1.The main idea / general idea of the passage is。

2.The text is mainly about。

3.This passage mainly tells us。

4.What is the topic of the text？5.What does the first / second / last paragraph discuss？6.The passage (The third paragraph) deals with。

7.Which of the following best summarizes the passage？(二)标题类1.The best title / headline for the passage would be。

2.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？3.What is the best title for the passage？(三)写作意图类1.What is the purpose of the passage？2.The passage is trying to。

3.The author writes this passage in order to。

4.Tlie purpose of the passage is to。

5.The passage is written for。

二、中心思想与标题之间的差异A title is an identifying name given to a book， film， play， composition or other work。

考研英语一2013阅读解析一、了解考研英语一2013阅读解析的重要性考研英语一阅读部分是整个考试中至关重要的一部分，它不仅考察考生的语言能力，还考察其逻辑思维和分析能力。

因此，对2013年的阅读解析进行深入研究，有助于我们更好地掌握考试动态，提高答题速度和正确率。

二、分析文章结构及题型特点2013年的考研英语一阅读部分共有四篇文章，分别是社会科学、自然科学、人文科学和商业经济。

文章难度逐渐递增，考查了考生的各类阅读技巧。

1.社会科学：文章讲述了一个话题，如教育、政策等，考查考生对观点、事实和论证的理解。

2.自然科学：文章围绕科学发现、研究进展等展开，考查考生的科普阅读能力。

3.人文科学：文章涉及到历史、文化等方面，考查考生对作者观点和态度的理解。

4.商业经济：文章与市场经济、企业管理等有关，考查考生的商业英语阅读能力。

三、详解试题及答题技巧1.事实细节题：此类题目要求考生根据文章中的具体信息选择正确答案。

解题技巧包括定位关键词、筛选选项等。

2.推理判断题：此类题目要求考生根据文章内容和语境推断出作者的观点、态度或某人的意图。

解题技巧包括理解作者立场、分析选项等。

3.主旨大意题：此类题目要求考生理解文章的主题和结构，选出符合文章主旨的选项。

解题技巧包括把握文章脉络、分析段落主题等。

4.猜测词义题：此类题目要求考生根据上下文推测生词的意思。

解题技巧包括观察上下文、分析词根词缀等。

四、总结提高阅读理解的方法1.扩大词汇量：词汇是阅读的基础，考生需要不断积累词汇，提高自己的词汇储备。

2.提高阅读速度：阅读速度是影响答题速度的关键因素，考生需要通过大量阅读提高自己的阅读速度。

3.培养阅读策略：掌握一定的阅读策略，如寻读、略读等，有助于提高阅读效率。

4.加强语法功底：语法是英语阅读的基础，考生需要扎实的语法知识来理解长难句。

5.注重练习：多做阅读练习，总结错误原因，不断提高自己的阅读能力。

通过以上分析，我们可以看出考研英语一2013阅读解析的规律和特点。

Section I Reading Comprehension(英语一)Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER S HEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn‘t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant‘s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn‘t be more out of date or at odds with the feveri sh would be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline‘s three-year indictment of ―fast fashion‖. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don‘t advertise that–and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdres sed is the fashion world‘s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan‘s The Omnivore‘s Dilemma. ―Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,‖ Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can‘t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can‘t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion. [D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word ―indictment‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closes t in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim ―behavioural‖ ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft‘s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that ―behavioural‖ ads help advertise rs to:[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. ―The industry‖ (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence [B] understanding[C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN‘s ―Red List‖ suggest that human be ing are[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world‘s dominant power[D] a misplaced race[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet‘s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona‘s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration‘s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the fou r contested provisions of Arizona‘s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to ―establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ‖and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court‘s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately ―occupied the field‖ and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal‘s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That‘s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as ―a shocking assertion of federal executive power‖. The White House argued that Arizona‘s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disa grees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did s o. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn‘t want to carry out Congress‘s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona‘s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers‘ duty to withhold immigrants ‗information.[B] States‘ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States‘ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress‘s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution. [B] undermined the states‘ interests.[C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the states‘ support.[C] is established by federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Section II Reading Comprehension（英语二）Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER S HEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled ―Making It in America‖, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,‖ a man and a dog. The man is there to f eed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.‖Davidson‘s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won‘t earn you what it used to. It can‘t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find theirextra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment. Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there‘s been a acceleration. As Davidson notes,‖ In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances [B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills [D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software [B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle [D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution [B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization [D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect [B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over [D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic include settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 millio n departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, ―uccelli di passaggio,‖ birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don‘t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the newbirds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to so lve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today‘s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 ―Birds of passage‖ refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic. [B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foreign temporarily. [D]find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories. [B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges. [D]has been fixed via political means.28 According to the author, today‘s birds of passage wa nt___[A] financial incentives. [B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs. [D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners. [B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance. [D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the most title?[A] come and go: big mistake. [B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk. [D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren‘t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at theUniversity of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we‘re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly ―thin slice‖ information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in ―thick sliced‖ long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemp lating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn‘t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative [B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous [D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression [B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act [D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment [B]‗‗thin sliced ‘‘study[C] sensible explanation [D] adequate information35. The author‘s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant [B] uncertain[C] optimistic [D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe‘s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Com mission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?―Personally, I don‘t like quotas,‖ Reding said recently. ―But i like what the quotas do.‖ Quotas get action: they ―open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,‖ according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding‘s reluctance-and her frustration. I don‘t like quotas eit her; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much ―soft pressure ‖ is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule. If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children‘s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead [B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed [D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union‘s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance [B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding‘s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions [B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family [D] anticipate legal results39. The author‘s attitude toward Reding‘s appeal is o ne of _________.[A] skepticism [B] objectiveness[C] indifference [D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice [B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies [D] greater ―soft pressure‖Section I Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121．【答案】B【解析】事实细节题。

英语阅读理解专题指导－主旨大意题主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。

主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。

因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。

要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。

文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。

常见的命题方式：What is the main idea of this passage?What dose this passage mainly concern?The main theme of this passage is_____________The main point of the passage is___________Which of the following is the best title for the passage?The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______ The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况：1。

主题句位于句首。

主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。

这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。

2。

主题句位于段末。

主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。

这种段落称作归纳型段落。

这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。

3.主题句首尾呼应。

为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。

2013届高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题复习20135骞撮珮鑰?骞存ā鎷焄娴欐睙涓撶増] 17В?杩欑被棰樹富瑕佹槸娴嬭瘯瀛︾敓瀵逛竴绡囨枃绔犳垨涓€娈垫枃瀛楃殑娣卞眰鐞嗚В紡鏈夛細(1) Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage?(2) What is the writer trying to tell us? (3) Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (4) The purpose of the passage is. (5) The main (general) idea of the passage is. (6) The passage is mainly about. (7) What is mainly discussed in the passage?笉鍚岋紝鏈夋椂鍦ㄥ紑澶? ф剰; 鏈夋椂鍦ㄧ粨灏? 鎬ф剰銆??槸鐢ㄦ潵闃愯堪銆佽В銆??杩欏氨??富棰ф?囩珷鐨勬渶鍚庯紝姝ょ被鏂囩珷寰€寰€浠ュ垪涓句簨瀹炲紑澶达紝閫氳繃璁?瀵绘壘鏁寸瘒鏂鍏夌湅х粏鑺傛槸鏈嶅姟浜庝粈涔堢殑锛屽垎鏋愭晠浜嬬殑鍙戝睍缁撳眬閮芥槸鍥寸粫浠€涔堜腑???鑰冪偣瑙ｆ瀽Main Idea鍨嬶紱Topic/Title Purpose and Attitude鍨嬨€?鈪?Main Idea鍨??Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage? The main (general) idea of the passage is ______. From the passage we know that ______. What's the main idea /topic / subject /point of this passage? What does the passage mainly deal with? The article is written to explain ______. All the details in this passage support the main idea______. What does the last paragraph mainly discuss? The first paragraph mainly tells us ______. What's the main idea of the third paragraph? 1嚭鏂囩珷鐨勪富棰樺彞(Topic Sentence)垯涓烘敮鎾戝彞鎴栨墿灞曞彞(Developing Details)锛屾槸鐢ㄦ潵闃愯堪銆佽В閲?2锛庡湪?鈪?Topic/Title鍨?ヨ€冩煡鑰冪敓瀵瑰叏鏂囦腑蹇冩€濇兂鐨勭悊瑙ｃ€傘€€銆€The best title/ headline for this passage might be ______. The text (passage) could be entitled ______. What is the best title for the passage? Which of the following can be thebest title for this passage? The topic of the passage is ______. 1锛庣粰鏂囩珷鍔犳爣棰橈紝棣栧厛瑕佹妸鎻″ソ鏂囩珷澶ф剰锛屼笉鑳芥妸鏂囩珷鏌愪竴娈电殑澶фф剰锛屾洿涓嶈兘鎶婃枃绔犵粏鑺傜湅鎴愭槸鏂囩珷澶ф剰锛屼互闃叉爣棰樼殑鐗囬潰鎬с€?2锛庢敞鎰忔枃绔犵殑浣?3?鈪?Purpose and Attitude鍨?姣忎广€傚懡棰樹腑甯哥粨鍚堣€冪敓瀵规枃绔犵殑鐞嗚В锛岃€冩煡瀵瑰啓浣滅The author's main purpose in writing the passage is ______. The passage is meant to______. The purpose of this article is ______. The author's attitude toward s best described as one of ______. What might be the purpose of the author to write this passage? What is the author's main purpose in this passage 鏂囩珷闇€瑕侀€ф剰鏄?銆愮瓟妗堝強瑙ｆ瀽銆態銆€涓绘棬澶ф剰棰樸€傛枃绔銆俆he game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. 浜轰笌绉戞妧涔嬮棿鐨嬮棿鐨勫叧绯汇€?浜斿勾楂樿€?A缁?2012?1.銆?012娴欐睙鍗稢銆?Two friends have an argument that bleaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happenover and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, "In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence". Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit? First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict. Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (瑙ｅ喅) stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fir On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control. After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution; listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can asknon-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles. Finally, students need f. consider what they are hearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want?What am I afraid off As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution. There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, "64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves". Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,. teachers. parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country. 50. This article is mainly about . A. the lives of school children B. the cause of arguments in schools C. how to analyze youth violence D. how to deal with school conflicts 50.銆愮瓟妗堛€慏銆愯瘯棰樿В鏋愩€iven that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?鍜屾暣浣撶D绗﹀悎鏂囨剰銆?2.銆?012澶╂触鍗?A銆?Bicycle Safety Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(鏍″洯). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions. Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack---even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It鈥檚fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen. Equipment Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly. Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly. Lights Always have a front headlight---visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea. Rules of the Road Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have aresponsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go. Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine. If Things Go Wrong If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for: No bicycleregistration---------------------------------------------------$25 Bicycle parkingbanned--------------------------------------------------$30 Blocking path with bicycle---------------------------------------------$40 Violation of bicycle equipment requirement-------------------------$35 40. What is the passage mainly about? A. A guide for safe bicycling on campus. B. Directions for bicycle tour on campus. C. Regulations of bicycle race on campus. D. Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus. 3. 銆?012婀栧崡鍗?B銆?Still seeking a destination for your weekend break? There are some places which are probably a mere wall away from your college. King鈥檚Art Centre A day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists on show anywhere. This weekend sees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists. You could attend a class teaching you how to 鈥榣earn from the masters鈥?or get more creative with paint 锟紺free of charge. The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee. the Botanic Garden The Garden has over 8,000 plant。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析来源：万学教育发布时间：2013-01-06 11:33:39【阅读： 579次】万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section I Use of English1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”这两句话语义是转折的，因此答案A。

B. moreover表递进 C. therefore 表结果 D. Otherwise表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。

事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。

A. off 停止 B. back 返回 C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around 出现。

3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择 role的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。

4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词 revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中 A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。

”5．【答案】C （slow）【解析】根据前面的句意得知，早在1975年就预测了无现金社会将到来，而实际上作者讲到“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。