高考总复习·英语(北师大版)试题：第一部分基础考点聚焦选修8Unit24知能演练轻松闯关

Unit 24Society[单词拼写应用]核心单词1．sentence n．&v t.判决；判刑2．resign v t.&v i.辞职3．undertake v t.着手做，从事；答应；承诺4．virtue n．优点，长处5．rot v t.&v i.腐烂6．cast v t.&v i.投下7．consequently ad v.所以，因此8．burden n．重担，负担[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空1．He resigned (resign) as manager after eight years.2．They flew over the beach, casting(cast) a huge shadow.3．When I undertook(undertake) to mend his watch for him, I didn't bargain for all this trouble.4．The man was sentenced(sentence) to death two years ago.5．He is poisoned by eating rotten(rot) meat.6．All the candidates have their virtues(virtue) and vices.拓展单词1．volunteer v．自愿做→volunteer n．志愿者→voluntary adj.自愿的2．abundant adj.大量的→abundance n．大量3．sign v．签名；打手势n．招牌；迹象；符号→signature n．签名4．govern v t.统治，管理→governor n．统治者，总督→government n．政府5．adjust v t.调整，调节；使适应→adjustment n．调整，调节6．diverse adj.各种各样的→diversity n．多样性；差异7．mercy n．宽容，仁慈→merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的8．edit v t.编辑；校订→editor n．编辑；编者，校订者→edition n．版本9．elect v t.选举，推选→election n．选举10．thirst n．口渴→thirsty adj.口渴的11．contain v t.包含；装有→container n．容器[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空1．It doesn't have to be a large container to contain these fruits.(contain)2．I am thirsty for them, and my thirst is overwhelming.(thirst)3．The merciful merchant showed mercy to the poor father.(mercy)4．The diversity of regions includes the diverse ways of historicaldevelopment.(diverse)5．Zhejiang has a long history and a brilliant culture behind, coupled with abundant natural sceneries and historical sites, contributing to the abundance of tourist resources.(abundant)6．Thanks, will you please fill in the registration form and sign your signature here? (sign)7．If you move to a new city，you'd better adjust yourself to it.Sometimes，it is hard to make some adjustments．(adjust)8．In the latest election，Mary was elected chair woman of the Student Union.(elect) 9．She used to edit newspapers，and now she is the editor of a dictionary which is now in its sixth edition．(edit)阅读词汇1．inequality n．不平等2．graph n．图表3．deposit v t.存储，储蓄4．currency n．货币5．vacant adj.未住人的，空置的6．pension n．退休金，养老金7．leisure n．闲暇，空闲8．framework n．构架，结构9．feast n．盛宴，宴会10．fragrant adj.有香味的11．spoonful n．一匙之量12．penalty n．刑罚，惩罚13．fine n．罚款14．moreover ad v.再者，此外15．merchant n．商人拓展联想1．由“shrink”想到的动词①extend 延伸；伸出②increase增加③enlarge扩大；放大④expand 扩大；膨胀⑤decrease 减少⑥reduce减少2.“再者”过渡词荟萃①moreover 再者，此外②furthermore 此外，而且③besides 况且，再说④in addition 此外⑤what's more更有甚者3.“virtue”相关词汇小结①optimism 乐观②modesty 谦虚③bravery 勇敢④justice正义⑤diligence 勤勉⑥generosity 慷慨[短语多维应用]高频短语1．come into being形成，存在2．show off炫耀，夸耀3．do away with废除；摆脱，消灭4．knock into sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到5．contribute to促进；有助于6．play an important role in 在……中起重要作用7．take...into account考虑；注意，体谅8．to start with首先[语境运用]选用左边短语的适当形式填空My father used to ask my younger sister to ①show off her singing and dancing in front of his friends and relatives.But in my view, he didn't ②take my sister's feelings into account, because I found sometimes she did it unwillingly.So I advised that my father should ③do away with this behavior.As we all know, parents' respect ④plays an important role in the children's growth, which ⑤contributes to their healthy psychology.9.above all最重要的是；首先10．be well/better off过得好/更好11．break into闯入；突然开始12．wind sb.up故意惹恼某人13．on principle 根据原则14．keep an eye on注意，留意15. take...seriously 认真对待……16．sentence sb.to death 判某人死刑[语境运用]选用左边短语的适当形式填空After giving birth to a second baby, my friend told me that her life ⑥was not better off．Her daughter often ⑦broke into her younger brother's bedroom and hit him.Itwas obvious that she ⑧winded him up, which made her angry.But I think ⑨on principle, it was she that should be responsible for this.So I advised her to ⑩take it seriously and ⑪keep an eye on her daughter in daily life.拓展联想1．“do”短语荟萃①do away with废除；摆脱②do harm to对……有害③do one's best尽力④do one's duty 尽职责⑤do up重新装修⑥do without不用2.“on＋n.”短语大全①on principle根据原则②on average平均③on purpose故意地④on show/exhibition 在展出⑤on sale出售⑥on business出差3.“eye”短语聚焦①keep an eye on注意，留意②have a good eye for 对……有鉴赏眼光③look sb.in the eye直视某人④catch one's eyes 引起某人的注意[句式结构仿写]精讲8个考纲词汇1．burden n．负担，重担vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)(1)单句语法填空①I don't want to burden you with my problems.②The burden on his back seemed to be crushing him to the earth.③Too much praise is a burden to a child.(2)[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didn't have time to assist you.(高级表达)Burdened with endless paperwork, he didn't have time to assist you.(过去分词作状语)先理解再牢记(1)the burden of sth.……的负担a burden on/to sb.某人身上的重担bear/carry/shoulder a heavy burden负有/负起/肩负重担(2)burden sb.with sth.使某人担负某事be burdened with...负重；为……所累2.undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应(1)单句语法填空①He undertook to finish(finish) the job by Friday.②I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.③I'll undertake for your security.(2)[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)She undertook to finish the job by Friday last night.(高级表达)She undertook that she would finish the job by Friday last night.先理解再牢记undertake sth.承接/承担/承办某事undertake to do sth.承诺/答应做某事undertake that...保证……undertake for...为……负责3.abundant adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的(1)单句语法填空①There was an abundance(abundant) of corn last year.②Wild flowers grow in abundance on the hillsides.③South Africa is a developing country which is abundant in natural resources.(2)[链接写作]——完成句子这个国家有很多熟练工人，但工作职位不够。

Unit 24 Society一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效(三)仿写明句式——以用为本1．burden n．负担，重担vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)[自主体验]单句语法填空①His invalid father is becoming a burden on/to him.②Nowadays students are burdened (burden) with heavy homework.③He took a part­time job in summer holiday to bur den himself with his school fees.完成句子④There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I'll take_on/bear_the_burden.尽管前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。

[系统归纳]易错处处防⑤This phenomenon will impose heavy burden with the family.with→on/to佳句时时写⑥He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didn't have time to accompany his family.(过去分词作状语)→Burdened_with_endless_paperwork,_he_didn't_have_time_to_accompany_his_family.2．undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应[自主体验]单句语法填空①The team will undertake for this experiment which is important to the whole country's security.②He undertook to_improve (improve) the working conditions and the workers were expecting it.句型转换/完成句子③Tony undertook that he would never make fun of his deskmate again.→Tony undertook never to make fun of his deskmate again.④We are supposed to undertake_the_responsibility to lead a low­carbon life, which is of great significance.我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。

Unit 24SocietyⅠ.写作单词——会拼写1．accumulate v t. 积累2．burden n. 重担，负担3．vacant adj.未住人的，空置的4．diverse adj.各种各样的5．resign v t.&v i. 辞职6．delete v t.删除7．virtue n. 优点，长处8．undertake v t.着手做，从事9．sentence n. 判决10．moreover ad v.再者，此外11．cast v t.&v i.投下12．preserve v. 保存；保管→preservation n. 维护，保存13．edit v t.编辑→edition n. 版本→editor n. 编辑，校订者14．voluntary adj.自愿的→volunteer v. 自愿做n. 志愿者15．abundant adj.大量的→abundance n. 大量16．sign v. 签名n. 招牌；迹象→signature n. 签名17．adjust v. 调整，调节→adjustment n. 调整，调节18．elect v t.选举，推选→election n. 选举；当选；选择权19．mercy n. 仁慈，宽大的→merciful adj.仁慈的，宽大的20．rot v t.&v i. 腐烂；腐朽n. 腐败→rotten adj.腐烂的21．thirst n. 口渴→thirsty adj.口渴的22．contain v. 包装；容纳→container n. 容器23．consequence n. 结果，后果→consequently ad v.所以，因此Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记24．shrink v i.(使)收缩，缩小25．abortion n. 人工流产，堕胎26．deposit v t.&v i.存储，储蓄27．surplus n. 盈余，剩余28．paddle v t.&v i.划水，涉水29．fragrant adj.有香味的30．revenge n. 复仇，报复高频短语——会默写1．come into being 形成，存在2．wind sb.up 故意惹恼某人3．show off 炫耀，夸耀4．knock into sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到5．break into 闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等) 6．on principle 原则上7．sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑8．be well/better off 过得好/过得更好9．take...seriously 认真对待……10．above all 最重要的是；首先11．do away with 废除；摆脱，消灭12．to start with 首先13．play an important role in... 在……中起重要作用14．contribute to 促进，有助于15．take...into account 考虑；注意；体谅16．keep an eye on 注意，留意精讲5个考纲单词abundant adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的[经典例句] We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.(牛津词典)我们有充分的证据证明他有罪。

北师大版高考英语一轮复习学案：Unit 24 Society重点单词·巧记Ⅰ. 核心单词1. resign vt. &vi. 辞职2. undertake vt. 着手做, 从事3. virtue n. 优点, 长处4. cast vt. &vi. 投下5. consequently adv. 所以, 因此6. burden n. 重担, 负担7. inequality n. 不平等8. deposit vt. &n. 存储, 储蓄9. currency n. 货币10. vacant adj. 未住人的, 空置的11. pension n. 退休金, 养老金12. leisure n. 闲暇, 空闲13. feast n. 盛宴, 宴会14. fragrant adj. 有香味的15. spoonful n. 一匙之量16. fine n. 罚款17. moreover adv. 再者, 此外18. sentence n. &vt. 判决; 判刑19. ownership n. 所有权20. rag n. 破旧衣服21. vice n. 坏习惯, 恶习22. buffet n. 自助餐23. bare adj. 赤裸的24. pregnant adj. 怀孕的25. choke vi. 窒息, 噎住26. delete vt. 删除27. shrink vi. (使) 收缩, 缩小28. wax n. 蜡29. suck v. 含在嘴里吮吸Ⅱ. 拓展单词1. volunteer v. 自愿做→ volunteer n. 志愿者→ voluntary adj. 自愿的2. abundant adj. 大量的→ abundance n. 大量3. sign v. 签名; 打手势n. 招牌; 迹象; 符号→ signature n. 签名4. adjust vt. 调整, 调节; 使适应→ adjustment n. 调整, 调节5. diverse adj. 各种各样的→ diversity n. 多样性; 差异6. mercy n. 宽容, 仁慈→ merciful adj. 宽大的, 仁慈的7. edit vt. 编辑; 校订→ editor n. 编辑; 编者, 校订者→ edition n. 版本8. elect vt. 选举, 推选→ election n. 选举9. thirst n. 口渴→ thirsty adj. 口渴的10. contain vt. 包含; 装有→ container n. 容器11. homeless adj. 无家可归的→ homelessness n. 无家可归12. govern vt. 统治, 管理→ governor n. 统治者, 总督→ government n. 政府13. resign vt. &vi. 辞职→ resignation n. 辞职; 辞呈14. accumulate v. 积累→accumulation n. 积累核心短语·闪记1. come into being形成, 存在2. show off炫耀, 夸耀3. do away with废除; 摆脱, 消灭4. knock into sb. 撞上某人; 偶然遇到5. contribute to促进; 有助于6. play an important role in在……中起重要作用7. take. . . into account考虑; 注意, 体谅8. to start with首先9. above all最重要的是; 首先10. be well/better off过得好/更好; 富有的11. break into闯入12. wind sb. up使某人气恼13. on principle根据原则14. keep an eye on注意, 留意15. take. . . seriously认真对待……16. sentence sb. to death判某人死刑经典句式·速记1. 句型公式: not. . . but不是……而是I am angry not because you made mistakes, but because you did not tell me about them.2. 句型公式: would rather后面跟虚拟语气I’d rather you didn’t mention that(我宁愿你不提那事).3. 句型公式: make it +adj. to do sth.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier (使……更容易)to keep an eye on people’s movements.4. 句型公式: (what if 要是……会怎么样呢)What if (要是……会怎么样)some married people have affairs?1. 和“社会经济”有关的词①import 进口②export 出口③trade 贸易④customs 海关⑤tariff 关税⑥opening-up policy 对外开放政策2. “eye”短语聚焦①keep an eye on注意, 留意②have a good eye for 对……有鉴赏眼光③look sb. in the eye直视某人④catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意⑤apple of one’s eyes掌上明珠⑥an eye fo r an eye 以眼还眼; 报复。

单元知识复习第一部分：词语解读1.abundant adj.大量的；丰富的be abundant in 富于.... ；彳艮丰富abundance n. 丰富an abundance of丰富的，许多的in abundance 大量，富裕abundantly adv.大量地；丰盛地The country is abundant in natural resources.这个国家自然资源丰富。

［预测题］①We are happy that the tree yields a(n)of fruit.A. abundantB. responseC. abundanceD. attendance答案与解析：C an abundance of'丰富的"，固定词组。

response反应，响应；attendance到场；出席。

句意：我们很高兴这棵树结果甚多。

2.accumulate vt.积累，积聚accumulate a fortune 积蓄一笔财产accumulate evidence 收集证据accumulate knowledge 积累知识accumulative adj.累积的，积聚的accumulatively adv.累积地accumulation n.累积，积聚By the late 1950s scientists had already accumulated enough evidence to show a clear link between smoking and cancer.到20世纪50年代晚期，科学家已经积累了充足的证据表明吸烟与癌症之间有联系。

He accumulated a fortune by buying and selling used cars. 他买卖旧汽车积累了一笔财富。

He accumulated wide knowledge in his teens.他在青少年时期积累了渊博的知识。

Unit2 The universal languageⅠ品句填词1．If you ____________ (胆敢) to speak to your parents like that again, you will be sorry.答案：dare2．We should encourage and support such a positive____________(趋势)．答案：tendency3．The current ____________(趋势) is towards more part­time employment.答案：trend4．I could hear mother ____________(责骂) the dog for bringing mud into the house. 答案：scolding5．His face was set in an expression of ____________(固执的) determination.答案：stubborn6．When asked to comment on details of the agreement, the President____________ (婉拒)．答案：declined7．It must be ____________(明显的) to all of you that he has made a mistake.答案：evident8．____________(抓住) the chance, otherwise you’ll regret it.答案：Seize9．He was ____________(选派) for the part of Hamlet.答案：cast10．Sometimes proper answers are not far to ____________(寻求) to solve food safety problems.答案：seekⅡ完成句子1．在村里，小汉斯的花园是最可爱的了。

(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．inequality n．不平等2．abortion n. 堕胎，人工流产3．household n. 一个家庭4．currency n. 货币5．taxpayer n. 纳税人6．ownership n. 所有权7．pension n. 退休金，养老金8．pregnant adj. 怀孕的9．format n. 格式10．leisure n. 闲暇，空闲11．framework n. 结构，构架12．feast n. 盛宴，宴会13．merchant n. 商人14．collision n. 相撞15．consumer n. 消费者Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．deposit vt. &vi.存储，储蓄2．burden n. 重担，负担3．vacant adj. 未住人的，空置的4．resign vt. &vi.辞职5．delete vt.删除6．choke vi.窒息，噎住7．shrink vi.[纵联1](使)收缩，缩小8．virtue n．[纵联2]优点，长处9．skip vt.跳过10．cast vt.投下11．undertake vt.着手做，从事12．squeezevt.挤13．fine n. [纵联3]罚款14．sentence n. 判决15．abolish vt.废除16．moreover adv. [纵联4]再者，此外17．furthermore adv.[纵联4]此外，而且18．homelessness n．[纵联5]无家可归19．accumulate v. 积累20．poster n. 海报Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．voluntary adj.自愿的→volunteer v．自愿做n.志愿者2．abundant adj.大量的→abundance n．大量3．signature n．签名→sign v．签名；打手势n.招牌；迹象；符号4．govern vt.统治，管理→governor n．统治者，总督→government n．政府5．adjustment n．调整，调节→adjust vt.调整，调节vi.使适应6．elect vt.选举，推选→election n．选举；当选；选择权7．merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的→mercy n．宽容，仁慈8．thirst n．口渴→thirsty adj.口渴的9．consequently adv.所以，因此→consequent adj.作为结果的；必然的→consequence n．结果，后果10．resistance n．反抗，抵制→resist vi.&vt.抵(反)抗，抵制11．robbery n．抢劫→rob vt.抢劫→robber n．抢劫犯12．diverse adj.各种各样的；不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性纵联1.由shrink想到的动词①extend延伸；伸出②increase增加③enlarge扩大；放大④expand扩大；膨胀⑤decrease减少⑥reduce减少纵联2.“virtue”相关词汇小结①optimism乐观②modesty谦虚③bravery勇敢，勇气④justice正义⑤diligence勤勉⑥generosity慷慨纵联3.“一词多义”小聚①fine n．罚款②fail v．衰退，衰弱③engage vt.吸引④express n．快车⑤drive v．迫使某人做不好的事⑥desert v．抛弃，离弃⑦caution v．告诫，提醒纵联4.“再者”过渡词集锦①moreover再者，此外②furthermore此外，而且③besides况且，再说④in addition此外⑤what's more更有甚者纵联5.“-ness”结尾的名词①homelessness无家可归②uselessness无用，无效③helplessness无能为力④hopelessness绝望⑤sleeplessness失眠单元话题——社会生活子话题 1 休闲场所①store n．商店②supermarket n．超市③mall n．购物中心④cafeteria n．自助餐厅⑤cinema n．电影院⑥bar n．酒吧⑦cafe n．咖啡馆，小餐厅子话题 2 商业管理与经营①invest v．投资②export n．&vt.出口③import n．&vt.进口④negotiation n．协商，谈判⑤trade n．贸易⑥increase n．&vi.增加⑦capital n．资本⑧account n．账目⑨finance n．资金，财政，财务，金融⑩decline n．&vi.减少，下降，衰退[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1．(2016·北京高考阅读B)In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers?came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare?time to helping othersrebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of?flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.①写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：voluntary，加黑词除作名词外，也可作动词，意为自愿②写出加黑词在本单元的同义名词：leisure③写出加黑短语在本单元的同义词：abundant，该同义词可构成be_abundant_in_...，意为“在……方面充裕”2．(2016·北京高考阅读D)Learning to deal with the social world is equally?important. Because a college community (群体) differs from the family?，many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators?to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.①写出加黑词的同根名词在本单元的反义词：inequality②写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：household③写出加黑词的同根动词在本单元的同义词：govern，加黑词的另一个名词形式为administration3．(2014·陕西高考阅读C)According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore?spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed?between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition?，he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：consequently②写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：挤出③写出加黑短语在本单元的同义词：moreover/furthermore高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)以下是我的长处。

Unit24 Society(主题语境:人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通)核心考点课堂突破1.abundantadj.大量的;丰富的[教材原句]There have also sadly been abundant cases of violence at home.(P33)令人难受的是,也有很多家庭暴力案件。

语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are abundance.(2024·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解B篇)②Bamboo plants are associated with health, (abundant) and a happy home.They are easy to care for and make great presents.(2024·全国Ⅱ卷,语法填空)③This reminded me of the (abundant) kindness in the world.[完成句子]④当谈及购物体验,香港物品丰富!When it comes to shopping experience,Hong Kong has goods ![小话题写作]⑤到达农场之后我们发觉那儿的产品非常丰富。

(2024·全国Ⅱ卷,书面表达)On arrival at the farm,we found produce there.考点必记①abundant evidence/kindness大量证据/善行be abundant in富于……,……很丰富②abundance n.丰富an abundance of丰富的,很多的in abundance大量,富有[写作佳句]Our planet is abundant in natural resources,but if we go on wasting,they will sooner or later run out.我们的星球自然资源丰富,但是假如我们接着奢侈,它们迟早会被耗尽。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The novel was so absorbing that she read on without a break even (forget) food and sleep.答案：forgetting2．Driving a car needs a lot of practice and this is true studying math.答案：of3．In spite of what has recently been done to provide more buses for people，a (short) of public vehicles remains a problem.答案：shortage4．The moral of the (originate) story is that a wicked person cannot escape punishment.答案：original5．The questions the reporters asked sometimes were (embarrass) and they made me embarrassed.答案：embarrassing6．My view on the project is the very opposite yours.That’s to say，I don’t agree with you at all.答案：to7．(assume) that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?答案：Assuming8．He pays me (occasion) visits in his spare time and we try to use the occasion to express our love.答案：occasional9．Cartoons should advocate social morality and family values and avoid violent scenes，(include) those that children could easily imitate.答案：including10．I believe his design is (origin), for it’s completely different from others’．答案：originalⅡ.阅读理解A(2016·合肥检测)Parties and social gatherings no longer excite us the same way they once did.This is not due to a lack of desire to socialize，but the smartphone.At parties，more people are on their smartphones than on their drinks.According to a recent International Data Corporation study，well over half of all Americans have a smartphone and reach for itthe moment they wake up，keeping it in hand all day.In addition，too many people in society are using smartphones while driving and as a result，they get into car crashes.34 percent of teenagers admit to texting while driving，and they confirm that text messaging is their number one drivinginterruption.People’s attachment to their smartphones is unbelievably becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others.Just as drivers dismiss the importance of focusing while on the road，many people also fail to recognize the significance of human interaction.When with their friends，some people pointlessly check or send text messages in the presence of a friend，which sends a message to that friend：the person I am texting is more important than you.In addition，relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friendships in the real world.Face-to-face conversations will give us much stronger communication skills in the long run.As many people risk their lives and the lives of people around them just to send a text or mindlessly check their messages，smartphones are in many ways more dangerous to people.The quality of this technology is hindering societal achievements and weakening the value of communication.Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to interact(交流) face-to-face，but it is also lowering society’s ability to communicate.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。