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状语的具体讲解(二)时间状语

状语的具体讲解(二)时间状语
状语的具体讲解(二)时间状语

句子成分之——-状语的具体讲解(二)时间状语

具体用法:时间状语

导读:一、能做状语的成分

1.名词做状语

2.介词短语做状语(介绍了很多搭配时间的介词)

3.时间状语从句(分别介绍了不同引导词用法)

(1)表示“当…时候”while,when,as

(2)由before和after引导的时间状语从句

(3)until 和till表示“直到”

(4)since表示“自从”或者“自从这件事结束”

(5)由as soon as, 表示“一…就…”

(6)by the time each time, every time

二、常用时态中的标志性时间状语

一、能做状语的成分

1. 名词作状语

常做状语的名词有:today, yesterday, tomorrow,

this 或that + morning/afternoon/evening/night/day/week/month/year…名词做主语放在句首句尾都可以:

Yesterday, I got my new book published.

=I got my new book published yesterday.昨天我出版了我的新书。

2. 介词短语做时间状语

表示在某时间.常用介词at,on,in等。

用 at 来表示在某一段时刻:

at dawn/daybreak:在黎明

at six :在6点钟

at midnight :在午夜

用 at 来表示在……岁时

at sixteen/at the age of sixteen :16岁的时候

用 on 来表示在星期几/某日

on Monday :在星期一

on January fifth:在1月5日

on Christmas Day :在圣诞节那一天也可用at Christmas

on New Year's Day:在新年那天

用in来表示一天中的早中晚,月份,季节或年份

in the morning/afternoon/evening在早晨,下午,晚上

in January/February在一月,二月

in Spring在春天

in 2014在2014年

表示期间常用介词during,for,over,within,throughout,from和to等。

during/within 用来表示在一段时间内,区别是during 可以加名词和时间,within后只能加时间。

during the Middle Ages:在中世纪

during 1942 :在1942年中

during the summer(of that year):在(那一年的)夏季

during his childhood :在他童年时期

during two years=within two years

for用来表示动作或状态持续了一段时间,(要与完成时搭配)

for six years :六年之久

for two months :有两个月

for ever :永远

表示其他时间概念的介词有before,after,since,until,till,between,up to

3.时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的连词,常见的有before, after, when while, as, since, till, unil, as soon as 等

(1)表示“当…时候”while,when,as

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,可以是瞬时动词。并且when 有时表示“就在那时”。

例如:When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。

例如:

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生) 。

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)

As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:

We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)

As we were going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

(2)由before和after引导的时间状语从句

before表示“在…之前”,after 表示“在…之后”

It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。

After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。

(3)until 和till表示“直到”

主句肯定句中,用延续性动词,until/till后的时间表示相应动作结束的时间:He will wait for his girlfriend until he shows up.他将等他的女朋友直到她出现。

(wait “等待”是延续性动词,动作能够一直持续)

主句否定句中,用非延续性动词,until后的时间表示相应动作开始的时间:The letter won’t be sent until you call the postman. 邮件不会被寄出,知道你给邮寄员打电话。(be sent“被寄出”,非延续性动词,就是一瞬间的动作呢)

这两个句型也是可以互换的:

I will be here till/until he comes back.我将一直在这里直到他回来。

I won't leave here until he comes back.我将不会离开这里直到他回来。

(4)since表示“自从”或者“自从这件事结束”

一般情况下,主句的谓语动词用现在完成时,从句谓语动词用一般过去时。

I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?

在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。

It is +时间+since A自从A结束后到现在已经多长时间了

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

(5)由as soon as, 表示“一…就…”the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, 可以放在句首或者句尾。

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。

注意:hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as 之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如:

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。

(6)由by the time each time, every time引导的时间状语从句。

注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词

By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。

二. 常用时态中的标志性时间状语

时间状语一般被当作时态的标志,那么下面提供了在常见时态中标志性时间状语:

一般现在时:every…,sometimes,at…,on Sunday等

一般过去时:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now等

一般将来时:next…,tomorrow,in+一段时间,before+时间点等

现在完成时:for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always,recently等

过去完成时:before,by+过去的时间,until,when,after,once等

过去进行时:this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening…when,while等

将来进行时:soon,tomorrow,this evening,on Sunday,by this time,tomorrow,in two days,tomorrow evening

状语的具体讲解原因状语

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With the weather so close and stuffy,ten to one it 'lrain presently.天气这么闷热, 十之八九要下雨.

初中时间状语从句语法及练习(全)汇编

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时间状语从句讲解和练习

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高考状语从句讲解

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状语从句 在复合句中作状语,位置灵活。 状语从句可分为时间状语从句,目的状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,方式状语从句,结果状语从句。 (一)时间状语从句 1.when, as, while a.when表时间,从句既可以用延续性动词,又可以用瞬间动词。 Eg: When I get there I will call you. 如果when引导的时状的主语与主句的主语相同,而从句的谓语又是be动词时,那么从句中的主语与be 可省。 Eg:When (you are)in trouble, you can ask her for help. 如果when引导的时状的主语与主句的主语相同时,往往可以用“when+分词”的形式代替该状从。Eg:When I came into the room(When coming into the room), I found the light was off. b.while表时间,从句需用延续性动词,或者主句的动作发生在从句的动作进行过程中。主句的谓语动词 通常是非延续性动词。 Eg: He came in while I was reading a book. I met her while I was in school. c. as表时间,与when相似,但侧重强调主从句动作同在时间点或同时间段进行。同时可表示主句的动作随着从句的动作的变化而变化。 Eg: He jumps as he sings. As the wind rose, the noise increased. 2.before(在……之前)与after(在……之后) Eg:See me before you leave. I saw them after I arrived. 3. till与until 肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。 Eg: Wait till/untill I call you. 等着直到我叫你。 She didn't arrive till/until 6 o'clock.. 她直到6点才到 但是置于句首时只可用untill. Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。否定形式有另外两种表达方式: (1)Not until …在句首,主句用倒装。 Man did not know what heat was until the early years of the 19th century. =Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat was. (2)It is not until…that… He will not go to bed until his mother comes home. =It is not until his mother comes home that he will go to bed. 4. as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute/immediately和hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than a. as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute/immediately 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生。译为“一……就” Eg:As soon as she heard the news, she began crying. b. hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than都可以表示"一……就……"的意思,但主句谓语动词一般要用过去完成时,从句谓语动词要用一般过去时。 Eg:I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构:Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain。 1. We called the First - Aid Center_______ the traffic accident happened. A. immediately B. shortly C.quickly D. hurriedly 2. The roof fell _____he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. A. before B. as C. after D. until 3. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity he reaches the end of the story. A when B whenever C.after D.until 4. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _______ I heard the voices. A. as B. for C. while D.when 5. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse. 1

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