微观经济学(黄新飞)chapter 7 -更新版.ppt

Chapter 7
Analysis of Costs
黄新飞
International Business School Sun－Yat Sen University
中国案例分析1：非典啊非典型经济学
关于非典的问题：其一，口罩价格暴涨， 但大众对口罩的需求量仍然大增，这有违 反需求定律吗？其二，假设非典之前的口 罩价格是1元，非典发生后涨价为10元， 为什么会出现这样的现象？也就是说，为 什么口罩供应商的库存是以1元购进的， 现在却以10元出售？其三，如果政府受舆 论影响而出台行政命令禁止口罩供应商涨 价，会有什么结果？
50 60 100 106 150 157 182 200 210 250 265 350
4
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
5
6
7
8
Marginal costs Average Average variable Average total
Total costs
(MC) (change in
fixed costs (AFC)
fixed costs (AVC)
costs (ATC) (ATC)
(TC) total costs) FC/Output VC/Output
AFC+AVC
100
12.50 12.50
25.00
10
110 The first colum10n.00is the1q2.u00antity of22.00
150 cars your facto5r.y00can p1r0o.0d0uce in 15.00 156 thous6ands and4.t5h4e secon9d.64column 14.18
4
5
Marginal costs
Total costs
(MC) (change in
(TC) total costs)
100 10
110
150 6
156
200 7
207
232
250 10
260
300 15
315
400
6
7
8
Average Average variable Average total
fixed costs (AFC)
fixed costs (AVC)
costs (ATC) (ATC)
FC/Output VC/Output
AFC+AVC
12.50 12.50
25.00
10.00 12.00
22.00
5.00 10.00
15.00
4.54
9.64
14.18
2.94
8.82
11.76
2.78
8.72
11.50
2.38
3
Variable costs (VC)
50 60 100 106 150 157 182 200 210 250 265 350
4
5
6
7
8
Marginal costs Average Average variable Average total
Total costs
(MC) (change in
fixed costs (AFC)
200 your factory, i2n.9su4 rance 8p.8r2emiums,11.76 207 the sa7laries of2t.o78p mana8g.e7m2 ent, an1d1.50
232 so on.
2.38
8.67
11.05
250 10
260
2.17
8.70
2.08
8.75
2
1
2
Fixed costs Output (FC)
4 50 5 50 10 50 11 50 17 50 18 50 21 50 23 50 24 50 28 50 29 50 32 50
3
Variable costs (VC)
50 60 100 106 150 157 182 200 210 250 265 350
fixed costs (AVC)
costs (ATC) (ATC)
(TC) total costs) FC/Output VC/Output
AFC+AVC
100
12.50 12.50
10
110 Examples of s1u0c.0h0fixed12c.o00sts
25.00 22.00
150 include rent, in5t.e0r0est on10t.0h0e bonds15.00 156 you is6sued to g4e.5t4money9t.6o4build 14.18
Fixed costs
(FC)
Variable costs
+ (VC) =
Total costs
10.87 10.83
300 15
315
1.79
8.93
1.72
9.14
10.72 10.86
400
1.56
10.94
12.50
5
1
Output
4 5 10 11 17 18 21 23 24 28 29 32
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Marginal costs Average Average variable Average total
8.67
11.05
2.17
8.70
10.87
2.08
8.75
10.83
1.79
8.93
10.72
1.72
9.14
10.86
1.56 10.94
12.50
3
1
2
Fixed costs
Output (FC)
4 50
5 50
10 50
11 50
17 50
18
?
21
?
23
?
24
?
28
?
29
?
32
?
3
Variable costs (VC)
300 do not change1w.7i9th the le8v.9e3l of
315 outp1u5t.
1.72
9.14
10.72 10.86
400
1.56
10.94
12.50
4
1
2
Fixed costs Output (FC)
4 50 5 50 10 50 11 50 17 50 18 50? 21 50? 23 50? 24 50? 28 50? 29 50? 32 50?
200 simply represe2n.9t4s your f8i.r8m2 ’s fixe1d1.76
207 costs.7
2.78
8.72
11.50
232 These fixed co2s.3ts8 are so8m.6e7times 11.05
250 calle1d0 “overhe2a.1d7” or “su8.n7k0 costs”10.87 260 and fixed costs2.a08re those8.c7o5sts that 10.83