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中山大学2019年硕士研究生入学考试模拟题
汉语写作与百科知识
（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）
一 百科知识：解释出现在下列短文中划线的名词。共25个名词，50分。
1 《左传》虽不是文学著作，但从广义上看，仍可说是中国第一部大规模的叙事性作品。比较以前任何一种著作，它的叙事能力表现出惊人的发展。许多头绪纷杂、变化多端的历史大事件，都能处理得有条不紊，繁而不乱。其中关于战争的描写，尤其写得出色。
2 中岳嵩山少林寺位于中国河南省郑州市登封县，是中华乃至日本和东南亚禅宗祖庭，也是少林武术的发源地，由于其坐落在中岳嵩山的腹地少室山下的茂密丛林中，所以取名“少林寺”。少林寺在唐朝时期享有盛名，以禅宗和武术并称于世。
3 拂菻国是中国中古史籍中对拜占廷帝国的称谓。古代亦称大秦(随着公元前2世纪丝绸之路的开通，加速了东西方文明的交流，当时的中国认为罗马帝国就像中国一样拥有高度文明，而罗马正位于贸易路线上的终点，因此把她命名为“大秦”。 )或海西国。随历史时期之不同，此名有时也指苫国（今叙利亚）等地中海东岸地区。
4 汉乐府民歌对后世诗歌的健康发展，产生了极为深远的巨大影响。这种影响当然首先表现在感于哀乐，缘事而发的现实主义传统继承上。正是在汉乐府民歌的滋养下，直面人生的汉代诗人创作才逐渐活跃起来，从开始时的模拟到创新，为建安诗坛的繁荣奠定了基础。
5 作为爱琴文明发源地的爱琴海是地中海东部的一个大海湾，位于地中海东北部、希腊（Greece ）和土耳其（Turkey ）之间。爱琴海岛屿众多，所以爱琴海又有“多岛海”之称。它是黑海沿岸国家通往地中海以及大西洋、印度洋的必经水域，在航运和战略上具有重要地位。
6 2011年1月30日至31日，第十六届非盟首脑会议在埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴举
任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票（vote）.(be eligible to ) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for,scholarship) A form to apply for scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semester . 遵照医生建议，我决定戒烟。（on the advice of） On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking . 公司位于县城的正中央.(Be located in) The park is located right in the center of town . 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(Facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。（fill out） The policemen are busy filling out forms about the accident. 我想在还车之前把邮箱（fuel tank）加满（fill up） I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car. 如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。（follow the procedure） If you want to make a complaint,you would better follow the correct procedure. 要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。（without） We could not have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help. 暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期待发现小船的踪迹。 After the storm of boat the people on the store anxiously scanned the lake for any sign. 我们需要通过减少道路上的车辆以降低燃料消耗。（consumption） We need to cut down on our fuel consumption by having fewer cars on the road. 电费上涨增加了我们的负担。（add to） The rise in power costs has added to our burden. 你应该自己判断行事，别总是跟在你哥哥后面。（follow the lead） You should fudge by yourself,and not always follow your brother’s. 那种发型今年很流行，但是我想明年就会过时。（in fashion） That hair style is in fashion this year,but I an afraid it will be out of fashion next year. 在追求真理的过程中，我们注定（fate to）要遭受失败的痛苦。（in one’s quest for） In our quest for truth, we are fated to suffer from many failures. 我们得把感情放在一边，从专业的（professinal）角度来对待这件事。（from a```stand point）We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional stand point. 这部戏非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于激动人心的剧情之中。（lose oneself in of ） The plan was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement in of it. 她没有什么爱好——除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。 She hasn’t got any hobbies---unless you call watching TV a hobby. 他说他是直接从市长本人那里得到这个信息的。（first-hand） He said he had got the information first-hand from the major himself. 既然你不能回答这个问题，我们最好问问别人。（since） Since you can not answer the question, perhaps we would better ask someone else. 那件工作很难做，不过我想试试看。（have a shot） It is a difficult iob but I’d like to have a shot. 这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。（as opposed to）
2 015年6月13日全国大学英语四级翻译真题及答案 大米 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多数种植水稻，人们通常以大米为食；而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。 In the mind of Westerners,Chinese people have the closest connection to rice,basic food for the Chinese.For a long time,rice occupies a very important position in the Chinese diet.There is even a saying that "even a clever housewife cannot cook a meal without rice".People in south China plant and live on rice,while people in the most parts of North China cannot plant rice due to excessively dry and cold weather. The main crop there is wheat. In China, some people use flour to bake bread,while most people make steamed bread and noodles with flour. xx 中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到20年建成的一个太空站。目前，中国是世界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011年，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。 快递 据报道，今年中国快递服务（courier service）将递送大约120亿件包裹。这将使中国有可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会。仅在11月11日，中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台购买了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递业在中国扩展就不足为奇了。
2010级临床五年制外科学期末考试试卷（B卷） 一、单项选择题：每题1分,共50分 1. 代谢性酸中毒的血钾浓度的变化趋势是 A．增高 B．降低 C．不变 D．无规律 E．增高后逐渐降低 2. 高钾血症的病人发生心律失常，应首先应用 A．输注葡萄糖溶液及胰岛素 B．阳离子交换树脂 C．11.2%乳酸钠50ml静脉滴注 D．10%葡萄糖酸钙20ml静脉注射 E．5%碳酸氢钠100ml静脉滴注 3. 迅速失血量一般超过机体总血量的多少即可引起失血性休克 A. 10% B. 20% C. 25% D. 30% E. 40% 4. 急性肾功能衰竭患者最严重的并发症是 A. 血钠下降 B. 肺水肿 C. 血钙下降 D. 血钾下降
E. 血钾升高 5.甲下脓肿应采取的最佳措施是 A. 理疗 B. 热敷 C. 抗生素 D. 拔除指甲 E. 在甲沟处切开引流 6. 下列损伤中，须优先处理的是 A. 张力性气胸 B. 单根多段肋骨骨折 C. 下肢开放性骨折 D. 包膜下脾破裂 E. 脑挫裂伤 7. 术后出现下列症状一般不属于麻醉并发症的是 A. 呕吐 B. 低热 C. 高热 D. 精神症状 E. 头痛 8. 临床各类器官移植中疗效最稳定最显著的是 A.肝移植 B.肾移植 C.心脏移植 D.骨髓移植 E.肺移植
9. 关于甲状腺结节的诊断，下列哪项是正确的 A.核素扫描为冷结节，多数是甲状腺癌 B.甲状腺球蛋白升高，有助于甲状腺癌的诊断 C.甲状腺的结节越多，患甲状腺癌的可能性越大 D.彩色B超是确诊甲状腺癌最好的方法 E.血清降钙素升高，有助于诊断甲状腺髓样癌 10. 确诊乳腺肿块最可靠的方法是 A.钼靶摄片 B. B超 C. 红外线 D. MRI E. 活检病理 11. 患儿，3岁，发现右侧阴囊可复性肿块，透光试验阴性，诊断考虑是 A.睾丸鞘膜积液 B.股疝 C.腹股沟直疝 D.腹股沟斜疝 E.隐睾 12. 腹部闭合性损伤诊断的关键在于首先确定有无 A.腹壁损伤 B.内脏损伤 C.腹痛 D.恶心、呕吐 E.腹膜后血肿 13. 对腹部闭合性损伤伴休克，腹穿抽出粪样液体者应 A.立即手术治疗
Unit1 A new study shows that dogs can detect if someone has cancer just by sniffing the person’s breath. Ordinary household dogs with only a few weeks of basic training learn to accurately distinguish between breath samples of lung- and breast-cancer patients and healthy subjects.One expert, who led the research, said, “Our study provides compelling evidence that cancers hidden beneath the skin can be detected simply by (dogs’) examining the odors of a person’s breath.” Early detection of cancers greatly improves a patient’s survival chances, and researchers hope that man’s best friend, the dog, can become an important tool in early screening. Unit 2 A research team recently replicated a bacterium’s genetic structure entirely from l aboratory chemicals, moving one step closer to creating the world’s first artificial organism. The researchers said, “It’s the second step of a three-step process to create a synthetic organism. But the final step could prove far more difficult.” Nonetheless, the research is pushing forward at a rapid pace. Last June, the team revealed details of an experiment in which researchers inserted the DNA of one species of bacterium into the cells of another. That process almost magically booted up the inserted genome. The research team hopes to use a similar trick to boot up the artificially created genome, so as to create a man-made living organism. Unit 3 In recent years, the psychologists from many countries banded together to do a research which indicated that continued income growth could make people apply themselves to an ongoing consumption race rather than promote overall happiness. Everyone has to spend more and more money in order to maintain a constant level of happiness. This is because our vanity and jealousy are functioning . The way to sort out them out is to cultivate the noble sentiment of being considerate and serving the society. People shouldn’t pin all their hopes on money. Instead , friends, family and work are also playing a very improtant role . Therefore, hapiness is not an inborn trait, but a talent which everyone can learn. Unit 4 I used to feel excited at teaching my students the elegant economic theories that could supposedly cure societal problems of all types. But what is the good of all my complex theories when people were dying of starvation on the sidewalks and porches across from my lecture hall? My lessons were like the American movies where the good guys always win. But when I emerged from the comfort of the classroom, I was faced with the reality of the city streets. Here good guys were mercilessly beaten and trampled. Daily life ws getting worse, and the poor were growing even poorer. Unit 5 No one thought that shy little Einstein would grow up to a prominent scientist. He was slow in learning to speak, and he often paused to consider what he would say during a conversation.In school, Albert Einstein was singled out by his teachers as a troublesome child because he liked to ask difficult strange questions. He did not like to memorize facts and rules, but was interested in what lay below the surface of things. When he was four or five years old, for instance, his father gave him a compass. Little Einstein was curious about the mysterious force that could keep a compass needle always pointing north, which prompted him to read widely in science. His real studies were mostly done at home by reading books on mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Unit 6 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make their own minds. They tend to take the initiatives, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They are considered sentimental. When they see a flag on ceremonial occasions, or attend parades celebrating Ame rica’s glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. They tend to be emotional at the reunions with family and friends, too. Sometimes, they can laugh at themselves and their country, while they will always remain intensely patriotic.
2007年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C-E:暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。 Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions.
2013年12月： 段落翻译： 试卷一：中餐 【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡？"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清（the qing dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（beverage）之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【翻译答案】"Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结
中山大学期末考试试题样题
课程：C++程序设计语言 学号: 考试对象：网络教育计算机本科 姓名: 成绩：
一、
选择题 （每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 1 A 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 C 6 D 7 D 8 C 9 A 10 D 11 B 12 D 13 A 14 D 15 D
题号 答案
1. 假定一个类的构造函数为 A ( int aa, int bb) { a = aa; b = bb; }，则执行 A x(4,5)；语法 后，x.a 和 x.b 的值分别为（ ） 。 A．4 和 5 B．5 和 4 C．4 和 20 D．20 和 5 2. 假定 AB 为一个类，则执行 AB x；语句时将自动调用该类的（ ） 。 A．有参构造函数 B．无参构造函数 C．拷贝构造函数 D．赋值重载函数 3. C++语言建立类族是通过（ ） 。 A．类的嵌套 B．类的继承
C．虚函数
D．抽象类
4. 执行语句序列 ofstream outf("SALARY.DAT");if (…) cout<<"成功！"; else cout<<"失败！"; 后，如果文件打开成功，显示"成功！"，否则显示"失败！"。由此可知，上面 if 语 句的处的表达式是（ ） 。 A． ！outf 或者 outf.fail() B． ！outf 或者 outf.good() C．outf 或者 outf.good() D．outf 或者 ouf.fail（） 5. 静态成员函数不能说明为（ ） 。 A．整型函数 B．浮点函数
C．虚函数
D．字符型函数
6. 在 C++中，数据封装要解决的问题是（ ） 。 A．数据规范化排列 B．数据高速转换 C．避免数据丢失 D．切断了不同模块之间的数据的非法使用 8. 如果 class 类中的所有成员在定义时都没有使用关键字 public、private 或 protected， 则所有成员缺省定义为（ ） 。 A．public B．protected C．private D．static 9. 设置虚基类的目的是（ ） 。 A．消除两义性 B．简化程序 C．提高运行效率 D．减少目标代码
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II.20个单词词组翻译，平时讲课强调的词汇和表达。20分 (仅仅是部分，待补充) 等级制度a hierarchy of universal wants and needs 灵感需求aesthetic stimulation 多人关注的运动spectator sports 北京元谋人Peking Man 华北平原the Great North China Plain 战国时期the Warring States Period 天安门城楼Tian’anmen rostrum 紫禁城the grand royal compound of the Forbidden City/the old imperial palace 传统与现代的结合old meets new 人民大会堂the Great Hall of the People 武夷山风景区the Wuyishan Scenic Area 丹霞地貌Danxia landform 文人墨客men of letters 摩崖蚀刻cliff inscriptions 竹筏a bamboo raft 悬棺hanging coffins 云雾缭绕(be) shrouded with clouds and mists 天王殿the Heavenly King Hall 大雄宝殿the Grand Hall 卧佛殿the Hall of the Reclining Buddha 玉佛楼the Jade Buddha Chamber 方丈室the Abbot’s Room 佛光a back halo 观音Goddess of Mercy 弟子disciple 中国共产党the Communist Party of China 国务院the State Council 五星红旗the five-star red flag 义勇军进行曲the March of the V olunteers 社会主义市场经济the socialist market economy 好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbusters 悲惨世界Les Miserable 歌剧魅影Phantom of the Opera 最新技术state-of-the-art 弥漫节日的气氛be permeated with a jubilant atmosphere 身着节日的盛装in their holiday best 灯火辉煌a blaze of light 秋收冬藏autumn harvest and winter storage 春耕夏锄spring plowing and summer weeding 燕窝汤birds nest soup 鱼翅shark’s fin soup
历年英语翻译初级口译考试真题及答案 上午卷： 英译中： (1) New Zealand is a South Pacific country located midway between the Equator and the South Pole, with a land of 268,105 square kilometers and a population of over three million. （第63页－黄） 新西兰是一个南太平洋国家，位于赤道和南极洲之间，国土面积为268105平方公里，人口为300多万。 简析：纵观口译考题，出题者十分聪明地将有关课文的每篇的首句作为考题来出，真是用心良苦。试想每篇文章的首句或每段文章的第一句话不是有提纲挈领的作用吗？理解了首句往往就能了解文章的大概。这和阅读理解的要求有着很大的相通性。所以加强平日对英语句子的敏感性十分有必要。 2) When the washing cycle is over, the machine fries the plates and glasses with its own heart, and indeed they can be left inside until they are needed for the next meal. (P.367) 洗涤过程完成后，洗碗机用自身的热量将盘子和杯子烘干。杯盘还可以留在机内待下一餐使用时再取出。 中译英： (1）为了过好学校里的公寓生活，学生应该学会自己洗衣服，整理房间，甚至于买菜做饭。（第355页） To manage apartment living in school successfully, the students must learn to do their own washing and cleaning, and even buy and cool their own food. (2）据估计，全球毒品的贸易额以达到每年4000亿美元之巨。吸毒者约占全世界人口的3％。(p36蓝)
2013 年12 月： 段落翻译：试卷二：中餐 【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nUtntion)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以屮餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】MOSt PeOPIe Iike Chinese food. InChina, COOking is ConSidered as not only a Skill but also an art. The WelI-PrePared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. AlthOUgh COOking methods and food ingredient Vary WiIdly in different PIaCeS Of China, it is COmmOn for good CUiSine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. SinCe food is CrUCial to health, a good Chef is inSiStentIy trying to Seek balance between Cereal) meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as WeIl as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 【真题原文】信息技术(InfOrmatiOn Technology),正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚 至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统 的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好 【番羽译答案】AS China CitiZens attaching great importance to the rapidly development Of Infor^mation TeChnoIOgy J SOme COIIege even Set it as a COmPUlSOry course. RegarCling to this PhenOmenon, PeOPle holding Clifferent views. SOme PeOPIe think it is not necessary, for StUdentS ShOUId Iearrl the traditiOnal curriculum. AnOther Part Of PeOPle think it is a need, because China ShOUld keep PaCe With the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that InfOrmatiOn TeChnoIOgy aroused PUbliC COnCer n. 试卷三：茶文化 【真题原文】“你要茶还是咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传， 中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清( the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在 六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料( beverage)之二，茶是中国的 瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【番羽译答案】"Would you Iike tea Or coffee?" Thaf S a question PeOPle Often asked When having meal. MOSt WeSternerS Will ChOOSe coffee, While the Chinese WOUId Iike to ChOOSe tea. ACCOrding to Iegend, tea WaS CIiSCOVered by a ChineSe emperor five thousand years ago, and then WaS USed to CUre disease. DUring the Ming and Qingdynasties, tea houses Were all OVer the country. Tea drinking SPreacl to JaPan in the 6th century, but it WaS not Until the 18th CentUry does it SPread to EUrOPe and AmeriCa. NOWadayS) tea is One Of the most POPUlar beverage in the WOrlcI, and it is not only the treasure Of China but also an important Part Of Chinese traditiOnand culture.
中山大学软件学院2009级计算机应用软件(2011学年秋季学期) 《S E-315计算机体系结构》期末试题答案(A) I.Fill in the blank (1 pt per blank, 20 pts in total) 1. 存储容量I/O带宽；2．N N/2；3．SPEC2000 100；4．资源结构；5．向后向前；6．硬件软件； 7．平均修复时间平均无故障时间8．向量标量；、 9．超标量超流水线；10．集中式共享存储器多处理结构、分布式共享存储器结构 II. Single-choice questions (1 pt per question, 10 pts) 1．D； 2. A； 3. C； 4. B； 5. B； 6. D； 7. D； 8. D； 9. D； 10. C。 III. T or F questions (the right to play "√"; the wrong fight "×",1 pt per question, 10 pts in total) 1．√； 2．×； 3．√； 4．×； 5．×； 6．×； 7．√； 8．×； 9. √； 10．√。 IV. Calculation or to answer the following questions (12 points per question, 60 points in total) 1．⑴计算机体系结构的量化原则有：①大概率事件优先的原则；②Amdahl性能公式； ③CPU性能公式；(④局部性原理；⑤利用并行性。 ⑵加速比主要取决于两个因素：①在原有的计算机上，能被改进并增强的部分在总执行时间中所占的比例；②通过增强的执行方式所取得的改进，即如果整个程序使用了增强的执行方式，那么这个任务的执行速度会有多少提高。 ⑶一个计算机体系结构，从产生到消亡，大约需要15-20年时间，经历的阶段包括：硬件-系统软件-应用软件-消亡。 2．⑴指令 I1和 I2之间有 RW 相关，I2和 I3之间有 RW 相关，I1和 I3之间有 WW 相关，I1和 I2之间还有 WR 相关。 ⑵对 I1和 I2之间的 WR 相关，可用定向传送解决。根据寄存器重命名技术，对引起 RW 相关的 I2中的 R2，对引起 WW 相关的 I3 中的 R1，可分别换成备用寄存器 R2’、 R1’。经寄存器重命名后，程序代码段实际执行时变为： I1 ADD R1 ，R2，R4 I2 ADD R2’，R1，1 I3 SUB R1’，R4，R5 3．⑴根据平均访存时间公式：平均访存时间＝命中时间＋失效率×失效开销可知，可以从以下三个方面改进Cache性能： ⑵降低失效率；②减少失效开销；③减少Cache命中时间 ⑵在多处理机系统中的私有Cache 会引起Cache 中的内容相互之间以及共享存储器