英语一试题(1)

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically__1__outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments or__2__.This word"Caravanserais"is a__3__of the Persian word"karvan",which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.The Perm caravan was used to __4__groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the10th century onwards,as merchant and travel routes become more developed,the __6__of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road__7__possibility of being attacked by thieves or being__8__to extreme conditions.For this reason,Caravanserais were strategically placed__9__they could be reached in a day's travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal__10__point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road.__11__,those structures became important centers for culture__12__and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,__13__talking knowledge with them, greatly__14__the development of several civilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and__15__in the trade of goods along the Silk Road.__16__,it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and__17__supplies for their own journeys.It is__18__that around120,000to15, 000caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,__19__only about3000are known to remain today,many of which are in__20__.1.[A]displayed[B]occupied[C]located[D]equipped2.[A]privately[B]regularly[C]respectively[D]permanently3.[A]definition[B]transition[C]substitution[D]combination4.[A]classify[B]record[C]describe[D]connect5.[A]apart from[B]instead of[C]such as[D]along with6.[A]construction[B]restoration[C]impression[D]evaluation7.[A]doubted[B]faced[C]accepted[D]reduced8.[A]assigned[B]subjected[C]accustomed[D]opposed9.[A]so that[B]even if[C]now that[D]in case10.[A]talking[B]starting[C]breaking[D]meeting11.[A]By the way[B]On occasion[C]In comparison[D]As a result12.[A]heritage[B]revival[C]exchange[D]status13.[A]with regard to[B]in spite of[C]as well as[D]in line with14.[A]completing[B]influencing[C]resuming[D]pioneering15.[A]aided[B]invested[C]failed[D]competed16.[A]rather[B]indeed[C]otherwise[D]however17.[A]go in for[B]stand up for[C]close in on[D]stock up on18.[A]believed[B]predicted[C]recalled[D]implied19.[A]until[B]because[C]unless[D]although20.[A]ruins[B]debt[C]fashion[D]seriesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy,a conservative member of the board who sympathises with the views of the energy sector,is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.“In the national standards,everything has to do with climate change—that’s very lopsided,”she claims.“There are as many scientists working against all the panic of global climate change as there are those who are pushing it.Texas is an energy state and we need to recognise that.You need to remember where your bread is buttered.”Most scientists and independent experts sharply dispute her views.“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan boardmembers,rather than facts and sound scholarship,”says Dan Quinn,senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network,a non-profit group that monitors public education.“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.”Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world,as researchers, policymakers,teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education,a non-profit group of scientists and teachers,looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes,gave barely half of US states a grade B+or higher.Among the10worst performers were some of the most populous states,including Texas,which was given the lowest grade(F)and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centre’s deputy director,cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards,“that does not mean it will be taught”,he says.Another issue is that,while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in high schools—it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught,such as biology and chemistry.It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that,even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change,unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21.In paragraph1,the weather in Texas is mentioned toA.forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.B.stress the consequences of climate change.C.indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting.D.draw the public's attention to energy shortages.22.What does Quinn think of Hardy?A.she exaggerates the existing panic.B.she denies the value of scientific work.C.she shows no concern for pre-teens.D.she expresses self-contradictory views.23.The study mentioned in Paragraph5A.climate education is insufficient at state public schools.B.policy makers have little drive for science education.C.Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.D.environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.24.According to Branch,state-level science standards in the USA.call for regular revisionB.require urgent applicationC.have limited influenceD.cater to local needs25.It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schoolsA.agree to major public demandsB.reflects teachers'personal biasC.may mispresent the energy sectorD.can be swayed by external forcesText2Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the2010s.Now,with record-high home prices and historically low inventory,there’s an increased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below1percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,”said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns,“employers are having a hard time attracting employees,and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,”Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,pointed out Ryan Castle,CEO of a local association of realter.“A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry,and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,”Castle said,“and so it’s a cyclical effect.”Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue,said Keren Horn,an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston.“I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing.If it’s their vacation home anyway,and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?”Horn said.Issues arise,however,when developers attempt tocreate large-scale short-term rental facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations.“I think the question is,shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel,but disguising it as not a hotel,be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?”Horn said.At the end of2018,Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers.“The bill requires every rental host to register with the state,mandates they carry insurance,and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,”the Globe reported. Boston took things even further,limiting who is authorized to rent out their home,and requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. The only way to solve the issue,however,is by creating more housing.“If we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is we have to build a lot more.”26.Which of the following is true of New England?A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.B.Its communities are in need of funding.C.Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.D.Its home prices are under strict control.27.The bill mentioned in Paragraph2was intended toA.curb short-term rental speculation.B.ensure the supply of cheap housing.C.punish illegal dealings in housing.D.allow a free short-term rental market.pared with Castle,Taylor is more likely to supportA.further investment in local tourism.B.an increase in affordable housing.C.strict management of real estate agents.D.a favorable policy for short-term workers.29.What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph5?A.The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B.The efficient operation of the local housing market.C.The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D.The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.30.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements isA.an irrational decision.B.an unfeasible proposal.C.an unnecessary measure.D.an inadequate solution.Text3If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench,you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit;the same may be true of The President's Daughter,the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House,a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year,when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones“at a very significant level”.The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables,display spaces and windows,and were“quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me:“Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH,the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade.We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.We do this generally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops.In the meantime,PRH authors have been the losers-as have customers,who might expect the new titles from the country’s biggest publisher to be prominently displayed by its biggest book retailer.Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,but it’s those mid-list authors,who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers,who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher,Simon&Schuster-the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars,lower advances,and more conformity in terms of what is published.And one wonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the way it has if it weren’t quite such a big company(it was formed with the merger of Penguin and Random House in2013)and likely to get bigger.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers,publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,”says Lownie.“The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices.After all,many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31.the author mentions two books in the paragraph1to presentA.an ongoing conflictB.an intellectual conceptC.a prevailing sentimentD.a literary phenomenon32.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?A.To make them easily noticeable.B.To comply with PRH's requirement.C.To respond to PRH's business move.D.To arrange them in a systematic way.33.What message did the spokesman of Waterstones seem to convey?A.their customers remain royalB the credit limit will be removedC.their stock is underestimatedD.the book market is rather slack34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerablyB Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticismC Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author's booksD Waterstones branches sutter a severe reduction in revenue35.Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?A Small publishers ought to stick togetherB Big publishers will lose their dominanceC The publishing industry is having a hard timeD The merger of publishers is a worrying trendText4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research.Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than30,000journals.The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways,including the perceived quality of the journal(as reflected bythe title’s impact factor)and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates.The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce,but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.Citation cartels,where journals,authors,and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time.In2016,researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns,including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently,another expression of this predatory behavior:so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.The advent of electronic publishing and authors’need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals.The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind.These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers.In other instances,there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations.The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals.Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than150citations in the same year that it was published.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation?In one example,an individual—acting as author,editor,and consultant—was able to use at least15journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities.The problem is rampant in Scopus,which includes a high number of the new“international”journals.In fact,a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice.Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year.And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities:when an editor,a reviewer,or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references,do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.36.According to Paragraph1,the careers of scientists can be determined by[A]how many citations their works contain[B]how many times their papers are cited[C]the prestige of the people they work with[D]the status they have in scientific circles37.The support service consultancies tend to[A]recommend journals to their clients.[B]list citation patterns their clients.[C]ask authors to include extra citations[D]advise contributors to cite each other38.The Function of the“milk cow”journals is to[A]boost citation counts for certain authors[B]help scholars publish articles at low cost[C]instruct First-time contributors in citation[D]increase the readership of new journals.39.What can be learned about Scopus From the last two paragraphs?[A]It fosters competition among citation providers[B]It has the capability to identify suspicious citations[C]It hinders the growth of"international"journals[D]It established to prevent citation manipulation40.What Should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?[A]Take legal action[B]Demand an apology.[C]Seek professional advice[D]Reveal their misconductPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Last year marked the150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson.Jackson snapped the1st-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons,Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies.On a late19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories,Ferdinand V.Hayden.The team included a meteorologist,a zoologist,a mineralogist,and an agricultural statistician.[B]Two centuries ago,the idea of preserving nature,rather than exploiting it,was a novel one to many U.S.settlers.One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid photographs.[C]As an effective Washington operator,Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals.He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings,to each member of Congress.“The visualization, particularly those photographs,really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,”says Murphy.[D]Throughout the trip,Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the“collodion process”that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture,then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom.The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times,and involved heavy,awkward equipment—several men had to assist in its transportation.Despite these challenges,Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful,to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp.While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights,these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.[E]The journey officially began in Ogden,Utah on June8,1871.Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake.That fall,they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.[F]Though Native Americans(and later miners and fur trappers)had long recognized the area’s riches,most Americans did not.That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region,from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna.In addition to the entourage of scientists,the team also included artists:PainterThomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.[G]The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor.In quick succession,the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early1872. That March,President Ulysses S.Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park.Some locals opposed the designation,the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area.“I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the time frame that it did without those images,”says Hansen,journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls,Rangers and Rogues, Bisonord Bears:100years of the national Park Service.[H]Perhaps most importantly,these images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government officials.Weeks after completing the expedition,Haydencollected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives,along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved(and that his department deserved additional funds).41.B—A—42.F—E—43.D—H—44.C—45.GPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)There has been some exploration around the use of AI in digital marketing.For example,AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to'speak'to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data.46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies,favourite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.At the same time,AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites.AI can also provide a bridge between the need of the brand to communicate emotionally with the customer and identifying their rapidly changing needs.While working at PWC,Norbert Wirth wrote an article on AI where identified that marketers are equally eager and hesitant in adopting Al,because synthesizing all these different functions presents them with new challenges.Al can help marketers to create clear marketing messages and choose the most attractive marketing mix for each target segment.A specific example would be the use of AI in developing the customer journey by automating all the different touchpoints (when the organization should contact the potential customer)through behavioural analytics so that they are the most effective for that customer or customer group.The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines,which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections,but also to a decrease in marketing personnel.47)Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs,but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.By allowing Al to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative.48)Algorithms that are used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns,especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.For Al to be successful,data needs to be accessible,but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult.49)lf customers are not willing to share data,Al will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication. Therefore,unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements,the use of Al may become somewhat restricted in the future.Not only can Al help to create the marketing content,but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers.Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged,such as location,devices used,website interactions,and sites visited,to display marketing messages in appropriate forms,including emails,social media posts,pop-up advertisements,and banners at an appropriate frequency.50) The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.Understanding humans may be complicated,but we reveal a considerable amount about what appeals to us through our browsing history.(46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favorite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.【参考译文】社交媒体还可以识别包括消费者的爱好、最爱的名人和时尚等的生活习惯的选择，从而在通过社交媒体发布的营销信息中提供独一无二的内容。

山东工商学院2020学年第一学期大学英语（一）课程试题 A卷（考试时间：120分钟，满分100分）特别提醒：1、所有答案均须填写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上无效。

2、每份答卷上均须准确填写函授站、专业、年级、学号、姓名、课程名称。

一单选题 (共20题，总分值40分 )1. ________________ only by one’s appearance, I’m sure, will have you get just half of him or less （2 分）A. JudgedB. JudgingC. To be judgedD. Judge2. It is one of the major tasks of the training to learn to ________________ difficult situations. （2 分）A. cope withB. add upC. go withD. get on3. __________ we’ll have the sports meet tomorrow depends on the weather. （2 分）A. WhenB. IfC. WhetherD. That4. Mark was asked to send his resume to the ________________ department of the company he applied for. （2 分）A. personalB. peopleC. personnelD. person5. The number of the students who took part in the entrance examination __________ great. （2 分）A. isB. areC. hasD. have6. I’ve been telling her time and again that we can’t ________________ another holiday, but she won’t listen. （2 分）A. spendB. saveC. affordD. stress7. Believe it or not, the couple had fallen in love with each other ________________ first glance and got married two weeks later. （2 分）A. inB. atC. onD. to8. This time in Beijing I visited all the places I had ________________ to see, like the Great Wall and the Forbidden City. （2 分）A. longedB. succeededC. metD. imagined9. We ________________ booked. Look, this restaurant is almost empty. （2 分）A. must haveB. can’t haveC. should haveD. needn’t have10. - Welcome to the party! ________________________- Thank you! （2 分）A. Excuse me!B. I totally agree with you.C. How pretty you are today!D. Which one do you prefer?11. They’ve just ________________ a new house in the country at a great sum of money. （2 分）A. bargainedB. robbedC. computedD. purchased12. It is reported that the United States uses ________________ energy as the whole of Europe. （2 分）A. as twiceB. twice muchC. twice much asD. twice as much13. College students often complain that they only have little personal ________________ with the teaching staff after class. （2 分）A. linkB. directionC. conditionD. contact14. - Do you mind if I switch off the radio?- __________________________. Go ahead. （2 分）A. Never mindB. No wayC. No, not at allD. No, you'd better not15. - Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the bus stop?- ________________________ （2 分）A. Yes, go straight down this way to the end.B. Why do you ask me the way?C. Yes, I will.D. No, I can't tell you that.16. What’s that terrible noise? The neighbors ________________ for a party. （2 分）A. have preparedB. are preparingC. prepareD. will prepare17. It goes without saying that a real sportsman will never dream ________________ cheating in a game （2 分）A. toB. forC. withD. of18. -I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the exam.-__________________________. （2 分）A. Not at allB. Oh, thank you.That's very kind of you.C. You are welcomeD. Yes, I'm really sorry19. Mary would rather that she ________________ to the party yesterday evening. （2 分）A. didn’t goB. not goC. not goneD. hadn’t gone20. The house isn’t big enough for us, and ________________, it’s too far from the town. （2 分）A. furthermoreB. howeverC. thereforeD. thus二阅读理解 (共1题，总分值20分 )21. Younger people and older people do not always agree. They sometimes have different ideas about life, work and play. But in one special program in New York State, adults and teenagers live together in peace. Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group. Everyone works several hours each day. The aim is not just to keep busy but rather to find meaning and enjoyment in work. Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the village. Some learn to make furniture and to build houses. The adults teach them these skills.There are several free hours each day. Weekends are free, too. During the free hours some of the teenagers learn photography or painting. Others sit around talking and singing. Each teenager chooses his own way to spend his free time.When people live together, rules are always necessary. In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together. If someone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group. The group discusses the problem. They ask, "Why did it happen? " "What should we do about it? "One of the teenagers has this to say about the experience: " You stop thinking only about yourself. You learn how to think about the group. " （20 分）(1). The passage is mainly about how adults and teenagers live together in a special group. （4 分）A. TB. F(2). The special program offered every winter in New York city. （4 分）A. TB. F(3). People will make more rules when someone breaks a rule. （4 分）A. TB. F(4). To find a way to solve the generation gap is NOT stated directly in the passage asa purpose of the program. （4 分）A. TB. F(5). Some teenagers learn photography when they are free. （4 分）A. TB. F三复合题（客观） (共3题，总分值30分 )22. An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting 1 stay with me, telephoned from the airport to tell me he had arrived. I was still in the office at the time, but I had made arrangements 2 his arrival. I told him where my new flat was and explained that I had left the key under the door-mat. As I was likely to be home rather late, I advised him to go into the kitchen and help himself to food and drink. Two hours 3 my friend telephoned me from the flat. At the moment, he said, he was listening to my new records after having had a wonderful meal. He had fried two eggs and helped himself to the cold chicken from the refrigerator. He was now drinking a 4 of orange juice in the sitting room and hoped that I would join him. When I asked if he had any 5 finding the place, he answered that he had not been able to find the key under the door-mat, but fortunately the living-room window by the apple tree was left open and he had climbed in. I listened to all this in astonishment. I knew there was an apple tree in front of my neighbor's flat. （10 分）(1). （2 分）A. laterB. glassC. forD. troubleE. to(2). （2 分）A. laterB. glassC. forD. troubleE. to(3). （2 分）A. laterB. glassC. forD. troubleE. to(4). （2 分）A. laterB. glassC. forD. troubleE. to(5). （2 分）A. laterB. glassC. forD. troubleE. to23. In the eighteenth century, cities became larger and larger. People moved from the countryside and small towns to the 1 because there was more work for them to do in the cities.On Sundays and holidays, they liked to leave the cities and have a good time in the countryside. But not every 2 had a horse or a wagon（四轮马车）. People needed a simpler means of transportation.Inventors in many countries tried to solve this problem.The first bicycle, which was very simple, 3 in 1790. People called "the horse on wheel". Then in 1861, after many improvements being made, the bicycle became apractical 4 of transportation. People liked bikes because they weren't as expensive as horses and didn't need to be fed. They could go anywhere and were easy to 5 . （10 分）(1). （2 分）A. appearedB. citiesC. familyD. meansE. ride(2). （2 分）A. appearedB. citiesC. familyD. meansE. ride(3). （2 分）A. appearedB. citiesC. familyD. meansE. ride(4). （2 分）A. appearedB. citiesC. familyD. meansE. ride(5). （2 分）A. appearedB. citiesC. familyD. meansE. ride24. Social customs and ways of behaving are changing. __1__ was considered impolite many years ago is now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was thought to be impolite behavior for a man to smoke in the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman __2__ a fool of himself by smoking when a woman was in the room.Customs __3__ from country to country, but the important thing __4__ is not to do anything that might make other people feel __5__, especially if they are your guests. You are expected to find a way to keep them from feeling foolish. （10 分）(1). （2 分）A. uncomfortableB. would makeC. to rememberD. whatE. vary(2). （2 分）A. uncomfortableB. would makeC. to rememberD. whatE. vary(3). （2 分）A. uncomfortableB. would makeC. to rememberD. whatE. vary(4). （2 分）A. uncomfortableB. would makeC. to rememberD. whatE. vary(5). （2 分）A. uncomfortableB. would makeC. to rememberD. whatE. vary四简答题 (共1题，总分值10分 )25. He was very happy to hear from his old friend. （10 分）。

英语(一)试题及答案《英语(一)试题及答案》一、听力部分（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. A) Bread. B) Beer. C) Butter. D) Bag.2. A) New York. B) Paris. C) London. D) Sydney.3. A) 4:10. B) 4:40. C) 5:10. D) 5:40.4. A) Scientist and doctor. B) Novelist and artist. C) Journalist and scientist. D) Doctor and artist.5. A) Via email. B) By telephone. C) Through letters.D) In person.6. A) 3. B) 13. C) 30. D) 31.7. A) The woman cannot attend the party. B) The woman is not invited to the party. C) The woman is looking forward to the party.D) The woman needs to help the man with the party.8. A) Disappointed. B) Worried. C) Pleased. D) Bored.9. A) The man should motivate the woman to work harder. B) The woman's presentation was not persuasive enough. C) The man disagrees with the woman's opinion. D) The woman did a great job in her presentation.10. A) 3. B) 8. C) 24. D) 80.11. A) She left early because her son was ill. B) She couldn't find a seat in the crowded theater. C) The play didn't meet her expectations.D) The play was sold out and she couldn't get tickets.12. A) He caught a cold and had to stay at home. B) He was unable to find a house to rent. C) He is looking for a roommate to share a house.D) He prefers living with a roommate rather than alone.13. A) He doesn't mind living on campus. B) He thinks living on campus is too expensive. C) He has already found an apartment off campus.D) He can't decide whether to live on or off campus.14. A) Improve her writing skills. B) Find a job. C) Take music lessons. D) Apply for a scholarship.15. A) Go to see a movie. B) Attend a class. C) Have a picnic. D) Go shopping.16. A) The painting is more expensive than the woman expected. B) The woman wants to hang the painting in the bedroom. C) The painting doesn't match the colors in the living room. D) The man will sell the painting at a lower price.17. A) The man is very impressed by the presentation. B) The man agrees to give the presentation. C) The man had already planned to give the presentation. D) The man won't be able to give the presentation.18. A) She couldn't borrow the book from the library. B) She didn't have enough money to buy the book. C) She didn't have time to read the book.D) She forgot to return the book to the library.19. A) A wireless printer. B) A computer network. C) An online bookstore. D) An electronic reader.20. A) Make alternative travel arrangements. B) Return the borrowed car on time. C) Delay the trip until the car is repaired. D) Take the car for repairs immediately.二、阅读理解部分（共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）A篇Most people believe that fish is the best food when it comes to brain development. Fish has a chemical called omega-3 fatty acid which is important for the brain. But it seems that fish is not the only food you should think about. There is a book called Brainpower Nutrition, in which a British author, Patrick Holford, explains how to develop your brain. It was published in 1999, and Mr. Holford said that a lot of foods, such as fruit, vegetables and seafood, could help with brain development.One of his tips is to eat more carbohydrates (碳水化合物). The brain consumes around 20 percent of the body’s energy. So you should never skip breakfast, because it gives you energy at the start of a day. Your breakfast should include fruit and carbohydrates, such as cereals and bread. People who want to develop their brain should also include minerals in their diet. Iron is necessary for brain development. Lean red meat, dried fruit, beans, fish and peas are all rich in iron and good for the brain.Another tip is to drink more water. Cells (细胞) in your brain need water to work. If you are very thirsty, water can make you feel happy. According to Mr. Holford, if you drink around 1.5 liters of water every day, your brainwill be more alert and your thinking will be clearer. However, thi s doesn’t mean that you can drink any liquid that has water in it, such as coffee, tea and juice. These are not replacements for water because they also contain caffeine (咖啡因) or sugar, which are not good for your brain.The last suggestion is to eat regularly. It’s better to eat five small meals a day than to eat three large meals. These small meals should include all the food groups, such as carbohydrates, protein and fat. By doing this, your blood sugar will stay normal and your brain will work well.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was 1 around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be 2 to intelligence in animals. 3 plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that 4 consciousness, researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it 5 so greatly from that of animals that so-called 6 of plants’ intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006, some scientists have 7 that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, 8 “a plant nervous system, 9 to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “They 10 claimed that plants have ‘brain-like command centers’ at their root tips.”This 11 makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, 12 it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. 13 , the signaling in a plant is only 14 similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,” Taiz said.“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold 15 of complexity and capacity is required,” he 16 . “Since plants don’t have nervous systems, the 17 that they have consciousness are effectively zero.”And what’s so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can’t run away from 18 , so investing energy in a body system which 19 a threat and can feel pain would be a very 20 evolutionary strategy, according to the article.1.A.coined B.discovered C.collected D.issued2.A.attributed B.directed C. compared D.confined3.A.unless B.when C.once D.though4.A.coped with B.consisted of C.hinted at D.extended5.A.suffers B.benefits C.develops D.differs6.A.acceptance B.evidence C.cultivation D.creation7.A.doubted B.denied C.argued D.requested8.A.adapting B.forming C.repairing D.testing9.A.analogous B.essential C.suitable D.sensitive10.A.just B.ever C.still D.even11.A.restriction B.experiment C.perspective D.demand12.A.attaching B.reducing C.returning D.exposing13.A.However B.Moreover C.Therefore D.Otherwise14.A.temporarily B.literally C.superficially D.imaginarily15.A.list B.level bel D.local16.A.recalled B.agreed C.questioned D.added17.A.chances B.risks C.excuses D.assumptions18.A.danger B.failure C.warning D.control19.A.represents B.includes C.reveals D.recognizes20.A.humble B.poor C.practical D.easySectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags,and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don’t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They “weep” out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. “It’s like baking a cake: If you don’t have exact amounts, it goes wrong,” she says. “The object you make is already a time bomb.”And sometimes, it’s not the artist’s fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen “nature carpets” —large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets—which meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. It’s especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi’s pumpkins, roses, and other figures were spitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark.So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi’s sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals “sunscreens” because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oosten’s, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common.And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOV A School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history—Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on—after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, “and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve...will have a strong impact on how in the future we’ll be seen.”21.According to Paragraph 1,museums are faced with difficulties in_____.[A] maintaining their plastic items.[B] obtaining durable plastic artifacts.[C] handling outdated plastic exhibits.[D] classifying their plastic collections.22. Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are_____.[A] immune to decay[B] improperly shaped[C] inherently flawed[D] complex in structure23.Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi’s artworks to_____.[A] keep them from hurting visitors[B] duplicate them for future display[C] have their ingredients analyzed[D] prevent them from further damage24. The author thinks that preservation of plastics is_____.[A] costly[B] unworthy[C] unpopular[D] challenging25.In Ferreira’s opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts_____.[A] will inspire future scientific research[B] has profound historical significance[C] will help us separate the material ages[D] has an impact on today's cultural lifeText 2As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school, got a decent degree, you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. Today, 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles, a percentage which is double the average among OECD countries.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening, with Generation Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors, even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.For those for whom a degree is the desired route, consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists, it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.It is unlikely that Generation Z will be done with education at 18 or 21; they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay employable. It has been estimated that this generation, due to the pressures of technology, the wish for personal fulfilment and desire for diversity, will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Z’s career trajectory.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense: “I am a geographer”or “I am a classist.” Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing; it’s as if they already know that their degree won’t define them in the same way.26.The author suggests that Generation Z should_____.[A] be careful in choosing a college[B] be diligent at each educational stage[C] reassess the necessity of college education[D] postpone their undergraduate application27.The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect _____.[A] Millennial’s opinions about work[B] the shrinking value of a degree[C] public discontent with education[D] the desired route of social mobility28.The author considers it a good sign that_____.[A] Generation Z are seeking to earn a decent degree[B] School leavers are willing to be skilled workers[C] Employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees[D] Parents are changing their minds about education29.It is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with one degree should_____.[A] make an early decision on their career[B] attend on the job training programs[C] team up with high-paid postgraduates[D] further their studies in a specific field30.What can be concluded about Generation Z from the last two paragraphs?[A] Lifelong learning will define them.[B] They will make qualified educators.[C] Depress will no longer appeal them.[D] They will have a limited choice of jobs.Text 3Enlightening, challenging, stimulating, fun.These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe their experience of art-science collaborations in a series of articles on partnerships between artists and researchers. Nearly 40% of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying poll said, they had collaborated with artists; and almost all said they would consider doing so in future.Such an encouraging results is not surprising. Scientists are increasingly seeking out visual artists to help them communicate their work to new audiences. “Artists help scientists reach a broader audience and make emotional connections that enhance learn ing ” One respondent said.One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the scenes came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed a reworked version of Antonio Viva ldi’s The Four Seasons. They reimagined the 300-year-old score by injecting the latest climate prediction data for each season-provided by Monash University’ s Climate Change Communication Research Hub.The perfo rmance was a creative call to action ahead of November’s United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, UK.But a genuine partnership must be a two-way street. Fewer artist than scientists responded to the Nature pol1, however, several respondents noted that artists do notsimply assist scientists with their communication requirements. Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The alliances are most valuable when scientists and artists have a shared stake in a project, are able to jointly design it and can critique each o ther’s work. Such an approach can both prompt new research as wel as result in powerful art.More than half a century ago, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS) to explore the role of technology in culture. The founders deliberately focused their projects around light-hance the “visual studies” in the name. Light was a something that both artists and scientists had an interest in, and therefore could form the basis of collaboration. As science and technology progressed, and divided into more sub-disciplines, the centre was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists, writers and poets, and vice versa.Nature’s pol l findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever, but, to make a collaboration work, both sides need to invest time, and embrace surprise and challenge. The reach of art-science tie-ups needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research communication, and participants. Artists and scientists alike are immersed in discovery and invention, and challenge and critique are core to both, too.31. According to paragraph 1, art-science collaborations have .[A] caught the attention of critics[B] received favorable responses[C] promoted academic publishing[D] sparked heated public disputes32. The reworked version of The Four Seasons is mentioned to show that .[A] art can offer audiences easy access to science[B] science can help with the expression of emotions[C] public participation in science has a promising future[D] art is effective in facilitating scientific innovations33. Some artists seem to worry about in the art-science partnership .[A] their role may be underestimated[B] their reputation may be impaired[C] their creativity may be inhibited[D] their work may be misguided34. What does the author say about CAVS?[A] It was headed alternately by artists and scientists[B] It exemplified valuable art-science alliances[C] Its projects aimed at advancing visual studies[D] Its founders sought to raise the status of artists35. In the last paragraph, the author holds that art-science collaborations .[A] are likely to go beyond public expectations[B] will intensify interdisciplinary competition[C] should do more than communicating science[D] are becoming more popular than beforeText 4The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand’s Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead, dismissals must be justified. Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from “unjustified dismissals”. The p remise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will attest, constraining firms from firing poorly performing, high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.Consequently –and paradoxically –laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.If not placing jobs at risk, to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers, those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers’ wages. Indeed, in “An International Perspective on New Zealand’s Productivity Paradox” (2014), the Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a c ause of the country’s poor productivity growth record.Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA’s unjustified dismissal procedures. Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee, employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.Society also suffers from excessive employment protections. Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.Across the Tasman Sea, Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specifi ed “high-income threshold” from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand, a 2016 private members’ Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime. However, the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.36.The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to ____.[A] punish dubious corporate practices[B] improve traditional hiring procedures[C] exempt employers from certain duties[D] protect the rights of ordinary workers37.It can be learned from paragraph 3 that the provisions may ____.[A] hinder business development[B] undermine managers’ authority[C] affect the public image of the firms[D] worsen labor-management relations38.Which of the following measures would be the Productivity Commission support?[A]Imposing reasonable wage restraints.[B] Enforcing employment protection laws.[C] Limiting the powers of business owners.[D] Dismissing poorly performing managers.39.What might be an effect of ERA’s unjustified dismissal procedures?[A] Highly paid managers lose their jobs.[B] Employees suffer from salary cuts.[C] Society sees a rise in overall well-being.[D] Employers need to hire new staff.40.It can be inferred that the “high-income threshold” in Australia ____.[A] has secured managers’ earnings[B] has produced undesired results[C] is beneficial to business owners[D] is difficult to put into practicePart B(41) Teri ByrdI was a zoo and wildlife park employee for years. Both the wildlife park and zoo claimed to be operating for the benefit of the animals and for conservation purposes. This claim was false. Neither one of them actually participated in any contributions whose bottom line is much more important than the condition of the animals.Animals despise being captives in zoos. No matter how you “enhance” enclosures, they do not allow for freedom, a natural diet or adequate time for transparency with these institutions, and it’s past time to eliminate zoos from our culture.(42) Karen R. SimeAs a zoology professor, I agree with Emma Marris that zoo displays can be sad and cruel. But she underestimates the educational value of zoos.The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the crucial formative experience that led them to major in biological sciences. These are mostly students who had no opportunity as children to travel to wilderness areas, wildlife refuges or national parks. Altho ugh good TV shows can help stir children’s interest in conservation, they cannot replace the excitement of a zoo visit as an intense, immersive and interactive experience. Surely there must be some middle ground that balances zoos’ treatment of animals wit h their educational potential.(43) Greg NewberryEmma Marris’s article is an insult and a disservice to the thousands of passionate who work tirelessly to improve the lives of animals and protect our planet. She uses outdated research and decades-old examples to undermine the noble mission of organization committed to connecting children to a world beyond their own.Zoos are at the forefront of conservation and constantly evolving to improve how they care for animals and protect each species in its natural habitat. Are theretragedies? Of course. But they are the exception not the norm that Ms. Marris implies.A distressed animal in a zoo will get as good or better treatment than most of us at our local hospital.(44) Dean GalleaAs a fellow environmentalist animal-protection advocate and longtime vegetarian. I could properly be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos. But I believe that well-run zoos and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity so serve a higher purpose. Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful wild creatures close to home many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out disturb and even hunt them down.Zoos are in that sense similar to natural history and archeology museums serving to satisfy our need for contact with these living creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbed in their natural environments.(45) John FraserEmma Marris selectively describes and misrepresents the findings of our research. Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature and the data points extracted from our studies.Zoos are tools for thinking. Our research provides strong support for the value of zoos in connecting people with animals and with nature. Zoos provide a critical voice for conservation and environmental protection. They afford an opportunity for people from all backgrounds to encounter a range of animals from drone bees to springbok or salmon to better understand the natural world we live in.A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats, zoos offer the best alternative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals’ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The Man Who Broke Napoleon’s Codes - Mark Urban Between 1807 and 1814 the Iberian Peninsula (comprising Spain and Portugal) was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. It took place on many different planes: between Napoleon’s French army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor’s difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth. (46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.I first discovered the Napoleonic cryptographic battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman’s epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, The Scovell Ciphers. (47) It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had beenrevealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters. Oman rated Scov ell’s significance highly, but at the same time, the general nature of his History meant that (48) he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself. I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman’s appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War. The question was, could it be told?Studying Scovell’s papers at the Public Record Office, London, I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the Peninsula. What was more, many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection, which I realized was priceless. (49)There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.As I researched Scovell’s story I found far more of piterest besides of his intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington’s headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were all bound up with the class politics of the army at the time. His tale of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that. (50)Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.Section III WritingPartA51.Directions:Write an e-mail to a professor at a British university,inviting him/her to organize a team for international innovation contest to be held at your university.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the email; use“Li Ming”instead.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1)describe the picture briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning, and3)give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案Section I Use of English1.【答案】A.coined2.【答案】pared3.【答案】D.Though4.【答案】C.hinted at5.【答案】D.differs6.【答案】B.evidence7.【答案】C.argued8.【答案】B.forming9.【答案】A.analogous10.【答案】D.even11.【答案】C.perspective12.【答案】D.reducing13.【答案】A.However14.【答案】C.Superficial15.【答案】B.level16.【答案】D.added17.【答案】A.chances18.【答案】A.danger19.【答案】D.recognizes20.【答案】B.poorSection II Reading Comprehension Part AText 121.【答案】【A】maintaining their plastic items22.【答案】【C】inherently flawed23.【答案】【D】prevent them from further damage24.【答案】【D】challenging25.【答案】【B】has profound historical significanceText226.【答案】C reassess the necessity of college education27.【答案】B the shrinking value of a degree28.【答案】C employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees29.【答案】D further their studies in a specific field30.【答案】A lifelong learning will define themText331.【答案】B received favorable responses32.【答案】A art can offer audiences easy access to science33.【答案】A their role may be underestimated34.【答案】B It exemplified valuable art-science alliances35.【答案】C should do more than communicating scienceText 436.【答案】D protect the rights of ordinary workers37.【答案】A hinder business development38.【答案】D Dismissing poorly performing managers39.【答案】B Employees suffer from salary cuts40.【答案】D is difficult to put into practicePart B41.【答案】Teri Byrd 【F】Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals' well-being.42.【答案】Karen R.Sime 【C】While animals in captivity deserve sympathy，zoos play significant role in starting young people sown the path of related sciences.43.【答案】Gerg Newbery 【A】Zoos，which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.。

《大学英语（一）》模拟试题一第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答案题卡上的相应字母涂黑。

示例[A] [B] [C] [D] 1. — I had a wonderful night and thanks for your invitation.—___ D___A. What you have said!B. No, no. It's my honor.C. You can't say that.D. Good night.2. — What about giving up smoking?— ___A____A. Good idea.B. Help yourself.C. Let it be, please.D. It is not your business.3. — Hello, Linda. How are you?— ___B____— I'm fine, thank you.A. How are you?B. Fine, thank you. And you?C. How do you do?D. I'm good.4. — I was excited beyond description that I got this job.— ___D___A. Oh, that's very nice of you.B. It is great.C. It's a pleasure.D. I am delighted to hear that.5. — What's your favorite tea?—__C __A. I dislike black tea.B. I don't care for tea.C. I like jasmine tea.D. Yes, I have a hobby of drinking tea.第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）此部分共有4篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题。

通用英语1试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does "book" mean in English?A. 书B. 笔C. 纸D. 桌子答案：A2. Choose the correct word to fill in the blank: He is a _______ man.A. quietB. quiteC. quitD. quick答案：A3. The opposite of "start" is:A. endB. stopC. finishD. begin答案：B4. Which of the following is a verb?A. houseB. catC. run答案：C5. Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: She lives _______ the city.A. inB. onC. atD. with答案：A6. What is the past tense of "read"?A. readB. readsC. redD. readed答案：A7. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like chocolate.B. She doesn't like chocolate.C. She don't likes chocolate.D. She doesn't likes chocolate.答案：B8. Choose the correct phrase to complete the sentence: Ican't find my keys _______.A. somewhereB. anywhereC. nowhereD. everywhere9. What does "a piece of cake" mean?A. 一块蛋糕B. 很容易的事情C. 一块饼干D. 一块面包答案：B10. Fill in the blank with the correct comparative form: She is _______ than me.A. tallB. tallerC. tallsD. talling答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. The _______ (形容词) of the room is very nice.答案：color12. I need to _______ (动词) my homework tonight.答案：finish13. He is _______ (副词) taller than his brother.答案：much14. She _______ (动词) her bag and found her keys inside.答案：opened15. The weather is _______ (形容词) today.答案：sunny16. They _______ (动词) to the beach last summer.答案：went17. The _______ (名词) of the book is "Harry Potter."答案：title18. He _______ (动词) his coffee with sugar.答案：sweetened19. She is _______ (形容词) than her sister.答案：smarter20. The _______ (名词) of the company is John Smith.答案：manager三、阅读理解（每题3分，共15分）阅读以下短文，并回答问题。

大学考试试卷《大学英语（1）》及参考答案3套大学英语(1)一、单项选择题(本大题共60分，共 60 小题，每小题 1 分) 1. Many years ago, the girl ( ) in London with her family for a longtime.A. livedB. had livedC. has livedD. was living2. The man knocked at the door ( ) nobody answered.A. andB. soC. orD. but3. Florida can ( ) vegetable ( ) the rest of the country in theAmerica.A. give … withB. provide … forC. meet … forD. bring… for4. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know( ).A. which to chooseB. to choose whatC. what to chooseD. to choose which5. My sister often ( ) me to read stories to her.A. askB. have askedC. asksD. has asked6. ( ) the bad weather, the football match had to be put off.A. Because ofB. BecauseC. In caseD. On occasion7. When you come out of the elevator, turn ( ) left.A. aB. anC. theD. ×8. The manager’s office is ( ) the fourth floor downstairs. A. atB. inC. onD. from9. There were so many people that police found it very hard to bring the situation ( ) control. A. atB. underC. withD. on10. Great changes ( ) in China since 1978.A. have been taken placeB. have taken placeC. has been taken placeD. has taken place11. It is a nice day to me. Why not ( ) for a picnic?A. go forB. go toC. go outD. go in12. The pants are too ( )( ) for me. I’d like some loose ones. A. shortB. closeC. tightD. narrow13. A comment ( ) a nice day or a personal complaint about the rainis an easy way to break the ice. A. onB. toC. inD. for14. They will realize the importance of environmental protection ( ).A. for or againstB. ups and downsC. sooner or laterD. here and there15. On the way to the airport, the driver told me( ).A. he is lostB. he was lostC. he lostD. he loses16. This afternoon at 3 I’ll discuss the report with the ( ) manager.A. mainB. bigC. chiefD. general17. Would you please tell me( )?A. where is the manager’s office?B. where the manager’s office is?C. the manager’s office is where?D. how can I find the manager’s office.18. People’s attitudes ( ) gift giving may vary from country tocountry.A. towardsB. forC. inD. with19. The number of the visitors, ( ) we had expected, was well overtwo hundred.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. as20. . It’s raining as far east ( ) Detroit and Toronto. A. asB. toC. forD. so21. ( ) I walked around the deck, I’d frequently stop and write inmy journal.A. ForB. AsC. SinceD. However22. Go straight for about ten minutes and you can see it ( ) the leftside.A. atB. inC. onD. from23. I will not wait for him if he ( ) phone me back.A. will notB. do notC. does notD. has not24. ( ), how can I get to the Kodak company?A. I'm sorryB. Please tell meC. WellD. Excuse me25. ( ) I had time, I would have gone over to see her.A. DidB. WereC. HadD. If26. When talking about fruits, I prefer banana ( ) apple. A. overB. ofC. atD. to27. The plane will take off as soon as the weather ( ) clear. A. becameB. becomesC. becomeD. will become28. I don't think that I shall fail. But if I ( ), I would try again.A. should failB. would failC. failedD. had failed29. There are many misunderstandings about American Indian names. Crazy Horses, for example, was given to a man because he was courageous, not because he was mad. Indian families had no last names. The Sioux Indians give individuals three or four names. The first name was givenat birth. It showed the order of a birth into the family. Wenonah, for instance, meant “firstborn daughter”. The second name, the honor name, was given to the child by a medicine man (有法术之人). It usuallyreferred to the fine character of good deeds of one of the child’s ancestors (祖先). When he grew up, the personwas expected to live up to this name. Otherwise, the person mightnot be called by it. The third name was the nickname. It usuallyreferred to something odd (临时的) that the person had done. It was hardly ever flattering. The fourth name came the deed name. It was give n by a war chief after the person accomplished some good orextraordinary bravery. The name might be that of a fear –– inspiring animal suchas Bear or Buffalo or that of a noble bird, such as Eagle, Hawk or Owl.A. misunderstandings about American Indian names,B. the way American Indians are named,C. American Indian family namesD. the number of American Indian names30. The workers ( ) the recreational center by the middle of 1999. A. had builtB. have builtC. builtD. build31. There are many misunderstandings about American Indian names. Crazy Horses, for example, was given to a man because he was courageous, not because he was mad. Indian families had no last names. The Sioux Indians give individuals three or four names. The first name was givenat birth. It showed the order of a birth into the family. Wenonah, for instance, meant “firstborn daughter”. The second name, the honor name, was given to the child by a medicine man (有法术之人). It usuallyreferred to the fine c haracter of good deeds of one of the child’s ancestors (祖先). When he grew up, the personwas expected to live up to this name. Otherwise, the person mightnot be called by it. The third name was the nickname. It usuallyreferred to something odd (临时的) that the person had done. It was hardly ever flattering. The fourth name came the deed name. It was give n by a war chief after the person accomplished some good orextraordinary bravery. The name might be that of a fear –– inspiring animal suchas Bear or Buffalo or that of a noble bird, such as Eagle, Hawk or Owl.A. First nameB. Nickname.C. Honor name.D. Last name.32. —Someone took my book. —Well, I didn't and ( ).A. nor did JackB. nor Jack didC. Jack did norD. Jack nor did33. Simply say ing “hi” is an ( )greeting.A. informalB. formalC. informD. form34. Once you have finished the design, you may have a whole week ( )( ).A. offB. downC. inD. up35. I don’t know ( ).A. what does this word meanB. what this word meansC. what kind of a meaning is this wordD. that is this word means36. My American friend knows my problem because I ( ) my ideas withhim.A. have changedB. changedC. have exchangedD. exchanged37. My pronunciation isn’t ( ) enough to make myself understood.. A. absoluteB. accurateC. amusedD. detailed38. Chinese ( ) are not written with an alphabet, making it veryhardfor a lot of Westerners to remember.A. namesB. foodsC. characteristicsD. characters39. Were it be rainy tomorrow, we ( ) the activities. A. will cancelB. would cancelC. had cancelledD. cancel40. She ( ) quite a lot for such a young age. A. has expensedB. expensedC. experienceD. has experienced41. When I returned home, I found I had ( ) the wrong suitcase.A. taken offB. taken upC. looked outD. picked up42. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ( ) today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A. are to challengeB. may be challengedC. have been challengedD. are challenging43. The teacher ( ) us so much homework that almost every one of us felt discouraged.A. assignedB. deliveredC. distributedD. scattered44. The more attention you put in your study, ( ) the study will be.A. more easierB. the more easierC. the easierD. easier as45. We sincerely invite you as the ( ) character of the play.A. firstB. importantC. mainD. leading46. If you refuse my suggestion, you will regret( ).A. sooner or laterB. now and thenC. time and timeD. in or out47. The poster is about the opening ( ) of the new training center.A. meetingB. ritualC. ceremonyD. gathering48. It is in this university ( ) Prof. Jackson established his famoustheory.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. what49. The ( )high for tomorrow is forty-five degrees Fahrenheit.A. predictB. predictedC. predictingD. prediction50. When I returned home, I found I had ( ) the wrong suitcase.A. taken offB. taken upC. looked outD. picked up51. Many Chinese who have spoken with me always say that mypronunciation is just like that of a ( ) A. nativeB. nationalC. nationD. nave52. I’d better check in my luggage quickly ( ) I’d miss my flight.A. andB. soC. orD. to53. The basketball game come to us ( ) from New York. A. liveB. aliveC. livelyD. living54. I don’t know how to express my thanks. -- ( )A. it’s my pressureB. The pleasure is mine.C. Nice to meet.D. No, not.55. ( ) find the scrap of paper on which he had written her e-mailaddress, he did his best to type it in from memory. A. Enable toB. EnableC. Unable toD. Unable56. Anyone, ( ) is really late for a social activity, shouldapologize to those who have already been there. A. whomB. whatC. whichD. who57. Ahead of me I saw a woman ( ) I thought was my aunt. A. WhoB. WhomC. of whomD. whose58. Look at the muddy road here. It ( )( ) last night. A. could have rainedB. must have rainedC. would have rainedD. should have rained59. The movie was very boring and only ( ) people finished it.A. fewB. littleC. a fewD. a little60. First aid ( ) is quite useful in traveling. A. boxB. kitC. containerD. cage二、阅读理解单项选择题(本大题共40分，共 4 小题，每小题 10 分)1. During the summer holidays there will be a revised ( 修改过的 )schedule of services for the students. Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged, will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club.In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leavethe main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 pm on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 pm. Allstudents who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summercard. This announcement will also appear in the next week''s student newspaper.(1).The main purpose of this announcement is to ( )A. tell students of important schedule changesB.tell students of new bus and library servicesC.show the excellent services for studentsD.ask students to renew their library cards(2). At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall? ( )A. 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 11:00B.8:30,9:30, 10:30, 11:30C.8:30,9:00, 9:30, 10:00D.8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 12:30(3). Times for films and concerts are not listed in this announcement because ( )A. they are not to be announcedB.they are posted outside of the student clubC.the full list is not readyD. ?the full list is too long(4). In the summer holidays, the library will have ( )A. no special hoursB.special hours on weekdaysC.special hours on weekendsD.special hours both on weekdays and weekends(5). We may infer that during the summer holidays ( )A. the student newspaper will sell more copiesB.there will be a concert or a film once a weekC.many students will stay in the universityD.no breakfast will be served on weekend2. During the 19th century, scientists found that when certain parts of the brain of a person were hurt, he would lose the power of doingcertain things. And so people thought that each part of the brain does a different job. But modem research discovered that this is not so, for it is not easy to show exactly what each part of the brain does.In the past fifty years there has been a great increase in the amount of research done on the brain. Scientists have found out the way the brain works is not so simple as people in general may think. Chemists fell us that about 100 000 chemical changes take place in the brain every second. Some recent researches also suggest that we can remember everything that happens to us. We, may not be able to think of the things we have heard and seen, but it is kept there in the storehouse ( 宝库 ) of the humanbrain. Earlier scientists thought that is not true. As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise, it keeps its power. It has been proved that an old person who has always been active in the mind has a quicker mind than a young person who has only done physical work without using much of his brain.(1). In the 19th century, scientist found that a person would lose the power to do certain things ( )A. when he got weaker in healthB.if certain parts of his brain were hurtC.after he did a quite different jobD.when he grew older(2). Scientists today are still unable to show exactly ( ).A. what each part of the brain is doingB.how many chemical changes take place in the brain each secondC.whether each part of the brain does the same jobD.which part of the brain is the most important(3). It has been found that one's brain usually works ( ).A. faster when he is oldB.a little now and a little thenC.in a very simple wayD.more complicated than we thought(4). Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? ( )A. Scientists are working hard at the researches on the brain.B.As many as six million chemical changes take place in the brainevery minute.C.A young man doing physical labor is sure to have a much slower min D.Even an old man may have a quick mind if his brain is given much exercise.(5). The more work we give to our brains( )A. the less result we will gainB.the more work they are able to doC.the weaker their power will getD.the more tired they will feel3. People landing at London''s Heathrow airport have something newto look at as they fly over Britain''s capital city. It is attractive, simple and a little strange. The Millennium Dome ( 千禧穹 )is a huge semi-circle of plastic and steel and it contains the largest public space in the world. It has been built to house an exhibition of all that is best in British life, learning and leisure.The Millennium Dome was designed by Sir Richard Rogers, one ofBritain''s most famous architects ( 建筑师 ) . His work points the way to new developments in building. Think of it as a giant symbolof the buildings in which we will all be living and working in the near-future.Buildings are also a part of history. They express the culture ofthe times. Sir Richard Rogers is aware of this responsibility. While different designers have individual styles, their work also has a common style. That is: to express the values of the information age. What is an "information age" building? The Dome is a good example. After theMillennium exhibition ends, it will be used for another purpose. Just as people no longer have "jobs for life", modem buildings are designed for a number of different uses. Another Richard Roger''s building, the PompidouCenter in France, uses the idea that information is communication. Instead of being hidden in the walls, heating pipes and elevators are open to public view. The PompidouCenter is a very honest building. It tells you how it works.(1). The Millennium Dome has been originally built to holdan exhibition ( )A. of different building designsB. .of everything that can draw the attention of people C.of the finest things in BritainD.of recent developments in information technology(2). The sentence "His work points the way to new developments in building"(Para.2) implies that the designer Sir Richard Rogers ( )A. has developed a new set of building standardsB.strictly follows the tradition in his work C.is a pioneer architect of his ageD.is the father of modem architecture(3). Sir Richard Rogers clearly knows mat it is his duty to ( )A. create something out of a unique styleB.house those people who will often change their jobs C.make his buildings historic onesD.construct a building that can meet the changes of the modem age(4). The PompidouCenter in France is outstanding in the fact that ( )A. people in it are able to visit each other convenientlyB.visitors can see clearly the structure and facilities of the whole buildingC.it makes use of the best techniques invented in the information ageD.it was designed and built by an honest British designer(5). This short passage mainly tells us about ( )A. the unique contribution of a famous architectB.modem buildings of various stylesC.a few developments in house-buildingD.the common features of British and French buildings4. One Sunday, Mark decided to go sailing in his boat with hisfriendDan, but Dan happened to be away. Dan''s brother John offered to goinstead though he did not know anything about sailing. Mark agreed and they set out to sea.Soon they found themselves in a thick fog. Mark was sure they would be hit by a big ship. Fortunately he saw a large buoy ( 浮标 )through the fog and decided to tie the boat to it for safety. As he was getting onto the buoy, however, he dropped the wet rope. The boat moved away in the fog carrying John, who did not know how to use the radio. He drifted ( 漂移 ) about and was not seen until twelve hours later.Mark spent the night on the buoy. In the early morning he fell asleep. He was having abad dream when a shout woke him up. A ship, the Good Hope, came up and he climbed onto it and thanked the captain. The captain told himthat John had beenpicked up by another ship and the ship''s captain had sent out a message. "Without themessage I would not have found you on the buoy," he said.(1). Why didn't Markand Dan go sailing together? ( )A. Dan asked his brother to go insteadB.Dan was in some other place.C.Mark was in some other place.D.Mark would like to go with John(2). Mark tried to tie the boat to the buoy so that( )A. he could spend the night on it whileJohn was looking for helpB.he and John could go sailing again when the fog cleared C.it wouldn't be hit by other shipsD.he might be picked up by a passing ship(3). John and Mark became separated because ( )A. there wasn't room for both John and Mark on the buoyB.John couldn't control the boat and drifted awayC.Mark thought it safe to stay on the buoy but John didn't D. John had to stay in the boat to radio for help(4). What made it possible for Mark to be found on the buoy? ( )A. John told people where to look for him.B.John radioed to the Good Hope to get him.C.He shouted when he caught sight of the Good Hope.D.The captain saw him as the fog cleared(5). The word "he" in the last sentence refers to ( )A. the captain that got the messageB.the captain that sent the messageC.JohnD.Mark答案:一、单项选择题(60分，共 60 题，每小题 1 分)1. A2. D3. B4. A5. C6. A7. D8. C9. B 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. D 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. B50. D 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. D 57. C 58. C 59. A 60. B二、阅读理解单项选择题(40分，共 4 题，每小题 10 分)1.(1). A (2). B (3). B (4). C (5). D2.(1). B (2). A (3). D (4). C (5). B3.(1). C (2). C (3). D (4). B (5). A4.(1). B (2). C (3). B (4). A (5). A大学英语(1)一、单项选择题(本大题共60分，共 60 小题，每小题 1 分)1. ( ) you have worked out the hard problem, you shall have a rest first.A. By nowB. Ever sinceC. Now thatD. In that2. ( ) tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?A. Since you are freeB. For you are freeC. Because you are freeD. If you would be free3. The subway is much ( )than the bus. A. more fasterB. less fasterC. less fastD. faster4. We are having a ( ) technical problem with one of our engines.A. lightB. slightC. brightD. slim5. Having worked hard for half a year, I plan to go on my ( ).A. vocationB. vacationC. cautionD. action6. The more I apply them ( ) real situations, the more natural they will become.A. onB. forC. toD. from7. ( ) I am well again, I can go on with the expedition.A. In thatB. Now thatC. BecauseD. That8. The opportunities for people to meet outside ( ) a lot ( ) the weather.A. based…onB. take…toC. dep end…onD. involve…in9. The engine is ( ) fire. We’re going to crash.A. onB. withC. ofD. under10. ( ) I enjoy working very hard each day at the university, Istillfeel that my family is more important than anything else.A. EvenB. Even thoughC. IfD. As if11. You can ( ) to a beautiful blue sky and then it starts rainingduring breakfast.A. wake toB. wake upC. wake forD. wake towards12. The father ( ) that careful driving on the highway was veryimportant.A. OrganizedB. appreciatedC. emphasizedD. required13. Were it be rainy tomorrow, we ( ) the activities.A. will cancelB. would cancelC. had cancelledD. cancel14. The more attention you put in your study, ( ) the study will be.A. more easierB. the more easierC. the easierD. easier as15. Of course, our ( ) relationship is very good. But business isbusiness.A. personnelB. personalC. privateD. public16. I know every word in an( ), but I don’t know what it implies. A. expressingB. expressC. expressedD. expression17. ( ) might be expected, a knowledge of psychology is essentialforgood advertisement.A. WhatB. ThatC. AsD. Which18. If you refuse my suggestion, you will regret( ).A. sooner or laterB. now and thenC. time and timeD. in or out19. I’d better check in my luggage quickly ( ) I’d miss my flight.A. andB. soC. orD. to20. It is in this university ( ) Prof. Jackson established hisfamoustheory.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. what21. Such man ( ) heard form him praised him.A. asB. whoC. thatD. whom22. I gave him the book, but demanded that he ( ) it to me in a week.A. must returnB. returnC. would returnD. returned23. In order to do the research ( ) , many scientists have given up their personal happiness.A. aspectB. prospectC. objectD. project24. When I returned home, I found I had ( ) the wrong suitcase.A. taken offB. taken upC. looked outD. picked up25. They took pictures of me and I took pictures of them ( ).A. by returnB. in returnC. in turnD. with turn26. On another trip, after ( ) a plane from Xiamen to Beijing, I discovered I’d lost my passport.A. aboardingB. boardingC. landingD. aloading27. I’d better check in my luggage quickly () I’d miss my flight.A. andB. soC. orD. to28. Congratulations ( ) your being named this year’s Outstanding Student.A. forB. ofC. onD. at29. His success was due to ( ) he had been working hard A. that the factB. that the factC. which the fact of30. The man took ( ).A. two bottles of beer and a chocolate.B. two bottle of beer and a chocolate.C. two bottles of beer and a piece of chocolate.D. two bottle of beers and a piece of chocolate. 31. I don’t know how to express my thanks. -- ( )A. it’s my pressureB. The pleasure is mine.C. Nice to meet.D. No, not.32. The tall man ______ the woman ______her wallet.( ) A. robbed; of,B. robbed; fromC. robbed; outD. robbed; away33. Anyone, ( ) is really late for a social activity, shouldapologize to those who have already been there. A. whomB. whatC. whichD. who34. The opportunities for people to meet outside ( ) a lot ( ) theweather.A. based…onB. take…toC. depend…onD. involve…in35. The merit of sales tax ( ) decreases government reliance onincome taxes.A. is that itB. that itC. that isD. it is36. I’d better check in my luggage quickly ( ) I’d miss my flight.A. andB. soC. orD. to37. ( ) I enjoy working very hard each day at the university, Istillfeel that my family is more important than anything else. A. EvenB. Even thoughC. IfD. As if38. Look at the muddy road here. It ( )( ) last night. A. could have rainedB. must have rainedC. would have rainedD. should have rained39. I had to rush to the ( ) desk to pay for my ticket. A. preservationB. conservationC. reservationD. deserve40. I'm afraid that he is not quite sure if it is worth ( ). A. doingB. of doingC. to doD. done41. We were surprised to hear the wonderful news of your engagement to Mike. ( )A. 约会B. 婚约C. 诺言D. 交战42. In this case, you should make an apology ( ) the person afterwards.A. forB. toC. withD. on43. I’d like to have everything under ( ), and I don’t want any last minute panic.A. controlB. centralC. pressureD. condition44. Students would send a ( ) of flowers to their teachers on Teacher’s Day.A. handfulB. pieceC. branchD. bunch45. As a host, whenever there is an activity, you should come to theplace ( ) schedule.A. beforeB. ahead ofC. behindD. in46. ( ) a life may be too hard to the little girl.A. ThisB. ThatC. SoD. Such47. During this season, temperature always ( ) from 100C to 150C.A. changesB. shiftsC. variesD. goes48. Mr. Smith ( ) be a high school teacher ten years ago.A. used toB. was used toC. use toD. was use to49. You can’t cut ( ) the blood relationship between you and your parents wherever you go.A. downB. offC. upD. in50. I don't think that I shall fail. But if I ( ), I would try again.A. should failB. would failC. failedD. had failed51. He is full of ( ) and likes to study everything new to him.A. loveB. suspectC. hatredD. curiosity52. The subject ( ) I am most interested is English.A. in thatB. in whatC. in whichD. in where53. He has worked hard to ( ) his family. A. maintainB. containC. retainD. pertain54. I don’t know ( ).A. what does this word meanB. what this word meansC. what kind of a meaning is this wordD. that is this word means55. The thief had left an impression ( ) his foot in the garden.A. onB. atC. aboutD. of56. Rather than ( ) everything to the last minute he always prefers to start early.A. leave toB. leaveC. leavingD. left57. The doctor took my temperature and ( ) to my heart.A. listensB. will listenC. has listenedD. listened58. Here is an example to ( ) the differences.A. illustrateB. appreciateC. varyD. offer。

自考公共课考试：2021 英语（一）真题及答案(1)1、国际化企业实施合资经营出口战略的特点是 ( )（多选题）A. 双方投资B. 共同经营C. 利益共享D. 风险同担E. 境外投资试题答案：A,B,C,D2、A good sportsman may （单选题）A. have low self-esteemB. what we can do by our effortsC. many great abilities to be exposedD. start a conversation with a strangerE. be more visible to our surroundingsF. the feeling of being worth something试题答案：A3、我国长虹电子集团提出的“以振兴民族昌盛为己任”，可视为该集团的( ) （单选题）A. 企业使命B. 经营战略C. 经营策略D. 经营方案试题答案：A4、对于事务性工作，要求组织结构类划为 ( ) （单选题）A. 柔性B. 刚性C. 灵活性D. 间接性试题答案：B5、1 knew that the man was not able to compete for the medals. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：A6、战略控制的对象主要是指( )（多选题）A. 对战略全程序的控制B. 对战略全体系的控制C. 对战略全过程的控制D. 对战略范围的控制E. 对全员的控制试题答案：B,C,E7、某小食品厂利用独特技术，开发出风味独特的叶子饮料，该小食品厂采取的经营战略是（）（单选题）A. 联合经营的成长战略B. 特色经营战略C. 承包经营战略D. 赶超型竞争战略试题答案：B8、对企业专业化协作化程度及管理组织结构进行的分析属于 ( ) （单选题）A. 企业资源供应分析B. 企业发展情况分析C. 企业组织结构分析D. 企业营销情况分析试题答案：C9、中小型企业要克服“船小易翻船”的风险，就要设法尽快实现“小船变大船”，亦即 ( ) （单选题）A. 走扩张之路B. 走发展之路C. 走竞争之路D. 走联合之路试题答案：D10、(12年4月真题)某企业计划利用以下多种渠道筹集资金，其中属于内源型筹资渠道的有 ( )（多选题）A. 企业内部的留成利润B. 折旧准备基金C. 对社会公众发行股票D. 盘活企业内部存量资产E. 向商业银行贷款试题答案：A,B,D11、用市场占有率或相对市场占有率为标志确定企业的竞争地位，据此可以把企业划分为 ( )（多选题）A. 首位企业B. 中高位企业C. 中位企业D. 低位企业E. 低位企业试题答案：A,C,D12、某出口企业的产品质最按照国外客户提出的标准进行设计和生产，该企业采取的质量标准战略属于 ( ) （单选题）A. 用户满意标准战略B. 国外先进标准战略C. 竞争质量标准战略D. 目标市场所在国的国家标准战略试题答案：A13、与市场占有率目标是相配套的，且随市场占有率目标变动而变动的是 ( ) （单选题）A. 市场目标B. 销售收入目标C. 贡献目标D. 长寿目标试题答案：B14、企业若采取集中型发展战略，可以采取的具体做法有( )（多选题）A. 扩充现有产品线B. 在产品线内开发新产品C. 扩大销售范围，向国内外新地区扩张D. 增加与现有业务大不相同的新产品或新劳务E. 通过定价、产品差异化和广告等，向竞争对手的市场渗透试题答案：A,B,C,E15、战略控制是十分必要的，这是因为（）（多选题）A. 战略实施的环境和条件发生重大变化B. 战略规划本身存在某些缺陷C. 企业整体目标与局部目标、个人目标之间存在着矛盾D. 解决集权与分权的矛盾必须加强战略控制E. 战略控制能够体现领导者的个人权威试题答案：A,B,C,D16、产品寿命战略可分为 ( )（多选题）A. 长寿命产品战略B. 耐久产品战略C. 适中寿命产品战略D. 短寿命产品战略E. 未老先衰产品战略试题答案：A,C,D17、与市场占有率目标相配套的，且随市场占有率目标变动而变动的是( ) （单选题）A. 市场目标B. 销售收入目标C. 贡献目标D. 长寿目标试题答案：B18、科技战略的重要地位体现为（）（多选题）A. 对实现企业总体战略起保证作用B. 对实现企业技术进步起指导作用C. 对提升企业管理水平起阻碍作用D. 对企业管理的变革起推动作用E. 对提高企业竞争能力起促进作用试题答案：A,B,D,E19、(15年4月真题)根据现代产品的整体概念。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B],[C],or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before,millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions:the Sunday roast.l a cold winter’s day,few culinary pleasures can2it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health.That this3should be rendered yet another quality pleasure4to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has5a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrvlamide that forms in some foods cooked6high temperatures. This means that people should7crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin—crust pizzas and only8toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?9studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no10evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is l1to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof l2 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is l3to follow the FSA advice.l4, it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to wove a l5.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be l6up on Sunday alongside some steamedvegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?l7,theFSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods l8,but reduce their lifetime intake.However its l9risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just20with one listening.1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed5.[A]issued[B]received[C]compelled[D]guaranteed6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]if[D]While10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]conclusive[D]negative11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow12.[A]On thebasis of[B]At the cost of[C]In addition to[D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate14.[A]As usual[B]In particular[C]By definition[D]After all15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern16.[A]made[B]saved[C]saved[D]used[D]In general17.[A]To be fair[B]For instance[C]To be brief18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition20.[A]follow up[B]pick up[C]open up[D]end upSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A], [B],[C],or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK“town of culture”award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in2017and has been awarded to Coventry for zozl.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in£220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain’town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sough-after award banM1w Glawow in1990and Liveropool in2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever ofself-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow—village of culture?Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-alt A badly run“year of culture”washes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A“town of culture”could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s peculiarities—helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a“town of culture”award could______[A]consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B]promote cooperation among Britain’s towns.[C]increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns.[D]focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph2,the proposal might be regarded by some as_______[A]a sensible compromise.[B]a self-deceiving attempt.[C]an eye-catching bonus.[D]an inaccessible target.23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it_______[A]endeavours to maintain its image.[B]meets the aspirations of its people.[C]brings its local arts to prominence.[D]commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Praannh3in precent_______[A]a contrasting cast(B]a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D]a related topic.25.‘What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal?[A]Skeptical.[B]Objective.[C]Favourable.[D]Critical.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money Scientists need journals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only fmd a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profils of more than£900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than£21Gm in2016to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since2015.The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is nowpublished under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around£500to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs”had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money”partly because_______[A]its fUnding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs2and3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_______[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sd-Hub?[A]R.elieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concerned.[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs5and6that open access terms___________[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication substantially[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure“gender parity”on boards and commissions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than40percent female.In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside50percent of board seats for women by2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California,which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an“important’policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of“equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently minor the percentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between2010and2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by54percent. Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Mice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skin”phenomenon.where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will[A]help lite to reduce gender bias.[B]pose a threat to the state government.[C]raise women’s position in politics.[D]greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A]It has irrited private business owners.[B]It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D]It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate______[A]the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C]the pressure on women in global corporations.[D]the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to______[A]the underestimation of elite women’s role.[B]the objection to female participation on bards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D]the growing tension between Labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A]Women’s need in employment should be considered[B]Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C]Eveone should try hard to promote social justice.[D]Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text4Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital sen-ices to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a platfonu for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data.and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a”GAFA tax.”meaning that it is designed to apply primañly to companies such as Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon—in other words,multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy,with the Unite States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain’s DPT(diverted profits tax),Australia’s MAAL(muthnational antiavoidance law),and India’s SEP(significant economic presence)test, but a few.At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)is currently working with131countries to reach a consensus by the end of2020on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization’s work,but France’s digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France’s planned tax is a clear waning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system.other nations are likely to follow suit,and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to______[A]regulate digital services platforms.[B]protect French companies’interests.[C]impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D]curb the influence of advertising.37.It can be learned from Para2raoh2that the digital services tax______[A]may trigger countermeasures against France.[B]is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C]aims to ease international trade tensions.[D]will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38-The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that_______[A]redistribution of tech giants’revenue must be ensured.[B]the current international tax system needs upgrading[C]tech multinationals’monopoly should be prevented.[D]all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39.It can be learned from Paragraph5that the OECO’s current work______[A]is being resisted by US companies.[B]needs to be readjusted immediately.[C]is faced with uncertain prospects.[D]needs to involve more countries.40.Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A]France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B]France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says“NO”to Tech Multinationals[D]France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph(4145).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Eye fixations are brief[B]Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C]Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D]Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E]Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F]Most people are not comfoztble holding eye contact with strangers[G]Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation,eye contact with another person can show that you are paving attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact:41.We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes,and she will look back This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.In adulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room,“Eye contact and smile”can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocn increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded This was also found inhigh-functioning men with some autistic spectnim symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact.Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches,using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation.While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations.“Whether you’re a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,”said Minson.44.When we look at a face or a picture,our eyes pause on one spot at a time,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second,and the eyes then jump to another spot,until several important points in the image areregistered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.In people who score high in a test of neuroticism,a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety,eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jan Hietanen and colleagues.“Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.”A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Yourtranslation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the14th century known as the Renaissance,the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being.Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.(46)With the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modem periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance,the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus,Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47)Before each of their revelations,many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.Copernicus theorized in1543that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth,but the Sun.a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48)Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists.more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church’s long standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists.This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of17th century.(49)As many took on the duty of trying tointegrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world,the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.The17th and18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity.Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty,tolerance and progress.(50)Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase‘sapere aude’or‘dare to know’,after Irnmanuel Kant used it in his essay“An Answer to the Question:What is Enlightenment’?”.It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go fort and seek out the truth,which they believed to be founded in knowledgeSection III WritingPartA51.Directions:The student union of your university has assigned you to infomi the international students about an upcoming singing contest.Write a notice in about100words. Write your answer on theANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the pictures below In your essay,you should1)describe the picture briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning,and3)give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)2020年考研英语一答案解析Section I1.【答案】C On【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。

2024年考研英语一试题及答案：英语一Text 1（21-25题）业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。

2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。

英语一Text 1Nearly 2,000 years ago, as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland, they left behind a curious treasure: 10 tons of nails, nearly a million of them. The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-meter-deep pit covered by two meters of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails? The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didn't want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapons-grade iron. The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilizations would value the skilled blacksmith's labor in a nail even more thanthe raw material. As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book "Nuts and Bolts," early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes.The price of nails fell by 90% between the late 1700s and mid-1900s, as economist Daniel Sidel points out in a research paper. According to Sidel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sidel studied them because they haven't changed much.21、Romans buried the nails probably for the sake ofA) saving them for future useB) keeping them from rustingC) letting them grow in valueD) hiding them from locals22、The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used toA) highlight the thriftiness of early American colonistsB) illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that periodC) contrast the attitudes of different civilizations toward nailsD) show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time23、What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?A) Increased productivityB) Wider use of new energiesC) Fierce market competitionD) Reduced cost of raw material24、It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nailsA) have undergone many technological improvementsB) have remained basically the same since Roman timesC) are less studied than other everyday productsD) are one of the world's most significant inventions25、Which of the following best summarizes the last two paragraphs?A) Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.B) Technological innovation is integral to economic success.C) Technology defines people's understanding of the world.D) Sophisticated technology developed from small inventions.21-25题目答案DDABA。

大学英语（一）试题1. (单选题) -- ________.But _______,please. I’ll get a pen first.(本题2.0分)A、 A Certainly not; just a momentB、 B NO ,not at all ;hold upC、 C Of course ,I don’tD、 D I’d like to very much ;hold on标准答案：A2. (单选题) --I _______,but I had an expected visitor.(本题2.0分)A、 A hadB、 B wouldC、 C was going toD、 D did标准答案：C3. (单选题) Wouldn’t it be _____ wonderful world of all countries if the world lived in _____ peace with one another?(本题2.0分)A、 A a ；不填B、 B the;不填C、 C a ;theD、 D the; the学生答案： A标准答案：A解析：得分： 24. (单选题) — Then , I’m afraid there is left .(本题2.0分)A、nothingB、no oneC、noneD、neither学生答案： C标准答案：C解析：得分： 25. (单选题) --It was in 2002(本题2.0分)A、this; thatB、that; whenC、that; thatD、this; when标准答案：A解析：得分： 26. (单选题) We waited and waited. _________ we had been looking forward to .(本题2.0分)A、 A Then came the hourB、 B Then did the hour comeC、 C Then the hour cameD、 D The hour then came学生答案： A标准答案：A解析：得分： 27. (单选题) _____ scores of times ,but he still couldn’t understand it .(本题2.0分)A、 A Having explainedB、 B Having been explainedC、 C Though it was explainedD、 D It was explained学生答案： D解析：得分： 28. (单选题) Liu Xiang’s breaking the world record was an exciting moment, ______ all of us will never forget.(本题2.0分)A、thatB、oneC、itD、what学生答案： B标准答案：B解析：得分： 29. (单选题) －Oh, thank you. I __________ how to do it.(本题2.0分)A、had wonderedB、would wonderC、was wonderingD、did wonder学生答案： C解析：得分： 210. (单选题) I’m sorry to say that I can’t imagine such a gentleman _______ be so rude to a lady.(本题2.0分)A、shouldB、mightC、wouldD、could学生答案： A标准答案：A解析：得分： 211. (单选题) The old woman has three sons ,and _____ are studying abroad now.(本题2.0分)A、 A two of themB、 B two of whoC、 C two of whomD、 D of whom two学生答案： A标准答案：A解析：得分： 212. (单选题) Not a bit .It couldn’t be E35(本题2.0分)A、 A so badB、 B much betterC、 C any worseD、 D best学生答案： C标准答案：C解析：得分： 213. (单选题) --- Yes ,I gave it to her ___ I saw her.(本题2.0分)A、 A whileB、 B suddenlyC、 C onceD、 D the moment学生答案： D标准答案：D解析：得分： 214. (单选题) Oh ,I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ________ so much fried chicken just now.(本题2.0分)A、 A shouldn’t eatB、 B mustn’t have eatenC、 C shouldn’t have eatenD、 D mustn’t eat学生答案： C标准答案：C解析：得分： 215. (单选题) __ different life today is from ____ it was years ago.(本题2.0分)A、 A What a ,whatB、 B How ,whatC、 C What ,whatD、 D What a ,how学生答案： B标准答案：B解析：得分： 216. (阅读理解题)Passage 3Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.What are the beauties of Hawaii? Let’s start with four.The beach, famous for its water temperature, air temperature and waves, is the first beauty. There are hundreds of miles of beaches on the twenty islands of Hawaii. They are thought to be among the finest beaches in the world.Then, what do you think would be the second beautiful thing? It is volcanoes (火山), of course. These volcanoes are not just a part of the islands; they made the islands in the first place. Because of them the islands are still growing.What would be the third thing of beauty that the first visitor to Hawaii would notice? It probably wouldn’t be just one thing, but many things: all the wonderful fruits and flowers of the islands. Sugar cane, bananas and pineapples are Hawaii’s biggest exports. Sugar cane has been growing in Hawaii for a thousand years. As for pineapples, the islands produce more than any other places in the world, which has made Dole Company the biggest fruit-packing company in the world.The fourth and most beautiful thing about Hawaii is the people who live there. The Hawaiians never rush, and perhaps this is because they care more for human life than they care for themachine. There is an old Hawaiian law that a man can go to sleep in the middle of the road if he wants to. What makes the people of Hawaii so beautiful is their feeling about people. There are 64 different combinations of races on the islands, and they all live in peace. They believe “Above all nations is humanity.”That is the most beautiful thing of all.(1). (单选题) According to the passage, Hawaii is made up of ___________. ( )(本题3.0分)A、one islandB、twenty islandsC、sixty-four islandsD、hundreds of islands学生答案： B标准答案：B解析：得分： 3(2). (单选题) Why are the volcanoes so special to the islands? ( )(本题3.0分)A、They are not a part of the islands.B、They actually made the islands.C、They are the first in the world.D、They are growing.学生答案： B标准答案：B解析：得分： 3(3). (单选题) What has made Dole Company the biggestfruit-packing company in the world? ( )(本题3.0分)A、Sugar.B、Sugar cane.C、Bananas.D、Pineapples.学生答案： D标准答案：D解析：得分： 3(4). (单选题) The people in Hawaii are the most beautiful thing because ___________. ( )(本题3.0分)A、they had a peaceful historyB、they can sleep in the middle of the roadC、there are 64 different races on the islandsD、they care more for people than anything else学生答案： D标准答案：D解析：得分： 3(5). (单选题) According to the passage, “above all nations is humanity” might mean ___________. ( )(本题3.0分)A、not all nations have humanityB、humanity is as important as a nationC、humanity has no national boundariesD、all human beings should live in peace学生答案： D标准答案：D解析：得分： 317. (阅读理解题)Passage 4Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Every country has secret services to help protect it against serious threats from terrorists, major criminals or even from other countries. People who threaten to harm a country always plotin secret, so the intelligence agencies have to work in secret to find out what is being planned before it happens, so that it can be prevented. They do that in many different ways – by secretly listening to their targets talking on the phone, by planting microphones to overhear meetings, by watching the targets as they move from place to place and by recruiting some of the targets to act as double agents to report on what is going on.For most of my career I worked in one of the UK’s three intelligence services, MIS, the domestic security service. I first joined in the 1970s, in the middle of the Cold War, when the war was divided into two armed camps, the Soviet Union(苏联) and its allies on the one side and Western Europe, America and their allies on the other. The Cold War never became a fighting war. It was an intelligence war, with intelligence officers from both sides trying to find out what the other side was doing, what kind of weapons they had, when and if they might start a war and what their plans were. Both sides were secretly working in each other’s countries.Nowadays one of the biggest threats to the world, comes from terrorists. Intelligence officers from many different countries are working together to find out who they are., where they areand what they are planning. Today’s MIS officers get their intelligence in much the same way as we did during the Cold War, but their task is even more difficult and urgent because most terrorists want to kill people. Many terrorist attacks that are planned and prepared never happen, and we never know anything about them because the intelligence services find them out and prevent them.(1). (单选题) What is the first paragraph mainly about? ( )(本题3.0分)A、The tasks of intelligence agencies.B、The contributions of intelligence agencies.C、The equipment used by intelligence agents.D、The recruitment of intelligence agents.学生答案： A标准答案：A解析：得分： 3(2). (单选题) The biggest security threats for Britain in the 1970s were from ______. ( )(本题3.0分)A、international terroristsB、the Soviet Union and its alliesC、major criminals within the countryD、agents working for both camps学生答案： B标准答案：B解析：得分： 3(3). (单选题) What is true about the Cold War? ( )(本题3.0分)A、Both camps were planning to start a war.B、It was a war fought with advanced weapons.C、No fierce clash broke out during the period.D、It is not regarded as an intelligence war.学生答案： C标准答案：C解析：得分： 3(4). (单选题) MIS officers’ task is more urgent today in that ______. ( )(本题3.0分)A、terrorists are more difficult to find than spiesB、most terrorist attacks are aimed at killing peopleC、terrorist attacks happen more frequently than beforeD、it takes only a little time to prepare a terrorist attack学生答案： B标准答案：B解析：得分： 3(5). (单选题) The best title for the passage might be “_______”. ( )(本题3.0分)A、Ways of Gathering IntelligenceB、National Defense Against All ThreatsC、Which Is More Threatening: Terrorists Or Spies?D、What We Do As Intelligence Officers学生答案： D标准答案：D18. (问答题) Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.(本题10.0分)标准答案：安全专家说，问题既不是钱，也不是技术。

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷共12页。

全卷满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1.答题前，请将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

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第I卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）试题略解析略第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。

并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907-1964)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environment al movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913-2020)On December 1. 1995, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.22. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day O’C onnorD. Rosa Parks.24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.21.【解析】A信息概括题。

2018年10月自考英语（一）试题英语（一）试卷PART ONE (50 POINTS)I．V ocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑．1．Jean didn"t have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ______ for the examination．A．to prepareB．to be preparedC．preparingD．being preparing2．The teacher"s insistence on high standards resulted ___ excellent work．A．withB．fromC．inD．to3．Read aloud ___ all the students in the classroom can hear you clearly．A．sinceB．becauseC．forD．so that4．I have no doubt ____ he will overcome all his difficulties．A．whichB．whatC．thatD．if5．It"s necessary that he ____ in time to attend the meeting．A．comeB．cameC．comesD．will come6．Sometimes very young children have trouble ___ the right from the wrong．A．for separatingB．to separateC．having separatedD．separating7．______ the saying goes, practice makes perfect．A．SinceB．AsC．ForD．Like8．It is impolite to _____ in others" private affairs．A．involveB．invadeC．integrateD．interfere9．They thought the program was ___ investigating．A．worthB．worthyC．worthwhileD．worthing10．To our delight, she quickly ____ herself to the situation．A．adoptedB．adaptedC．attachedD．appealedII．Cloze Test (10 points, 1point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项．根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑．Smoking is harmful to health．Our tobacco-seller, Mr．Johnson, always asks his customers, if they are very young, whom the cigarettes are bought __11__．One day, a little girl whom he had never seen before walked into his shop and demanded twenty cigarettes．She had the __12__ amount of money in her hand and seemed very sure of herself．Mr．Johnson was so __13__by her confident manner that he forgot to ask his usual question．__14__, he asked her what kind of cigarettes she wanted．The girl replied readily and handed him the money．While he was giving her the __15__, Mr．Johnson said laughingly that as she was so young she should __16__ the packet in her pocket in case a policeman saw it．__17__, the little girl did not seem to find it funny．Without even smiling she took the packet and walked towards the door．Suddenly she stopped, turned __18__, and looked at Mr．Johnson．There was a moment of silence and Mr．Johnson __19__ what she was going to say．All at once, in a clear, firm voice, she said “My dad is a policeman,”and with that she walked quickly __20__ the shop．11．A．with B．to C．for D．by12．A．exact B．some C．large D．enough13．A．worried B．annoyed C．surprised D．pleased14．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Anyway D．Somehow15．A．change B．warning C．bill D．cigarettes16．A．cover B．hide C．dip D．take17．A．Nevertheless B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Then18．A．away B．round C．over D．aside19．A．wondered B．considered C．doubted D．expected20．A．into B．out of C．on D．awayIII．Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2points for each item)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑．Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage．Most people sometimes feel lonely, but it usually only lasts between minutes and a few hours．This kind of loneliness is not serious．In fact, it is quite normal．For some people, thought, loneliness can last for years．Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness．The first kind of loneliness is temporary．This is the most common type．It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention．The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to new place．Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year．The third kind of loneliness is the most severe．Unlike the second type, chronic ( 习惯性的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause．People who experience habitual loneliness have problem socializing and becoming close to others．Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition．Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person"s social contacts, e.g．friends, family members, coworkers, etc．We depend on various people for different reasons．For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities with us．However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more．They question their own popularity．Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart diseases．While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous, condition．21．What can we learn from the passage about temporary loneliness?A．It requires special attention．B．It is very common and usually disappears quickly．C．It is serious but it usually disappears quickly．D．It is as serious as chronic loneliness．22．Though lonely people may have many social contacts, ?A．they want to socialize with more peopleB．they still need others to guide themC．they still others to support them emotionallyD．they want to question their own popularity23．What kind of loneliness can cause serious illness?A．Temporary lonelinessB．Situational loneliness．C．Chronic loneliness．D．Short-term loneliness．24．Why do chronically lonely people need help?A．Because they have difficulty socializing and chronic loneliness can cause serious illness．B．Because chronic loneliness lasts more than two years．C．Because they think there"s little they can do to improve their condition．D．Because they think they should have more social contacts．25．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A．Only a small number of people feel lonely．B．Like chronic loneliness, situational loneliness can cause physical problems．C．Chronically lonely people have no difficulty socializing and becoming close to others．D．All kinds of loneliness are very dangerous．Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage．Studies show that the world in 2010 will be more crowded, more polluted and less stableecologically ( 在生态方面) than the world we live in now．Visible ahead is serious stress involving population, resources and environment．Despite greater food output, people in the world will be poorer in many ways than they are today．For hundreds of millions of the extremely poor, the outlook for food and other necessities of life will be no better．For many it will be worse．While the economies of the developing countries are expected to grow at a faster rate than those of the industrialized nations, the total national product per head in most less developed countries remains low．The existing gap between the rich and poor nations will further widen．World food production is estimated to increase by 90 percent from 1970 to 2010．Most of that increase goes to the countries that already have relatively higher per-head food consumption ( 消费)．Meanwhile, per-head consumption of food in the developing countries will scarcely improve or will actually fall far below the present inadequate level．What is worse is prices for food are expected to double．As a result, many less developed countries will have increasing difficulties meeting energy needs．For the one quarter of mankind that depends primarily on wood for fuel, the outlook is not hopeful．Regional water shortage will become more severe．In the 1970-2010 period population growth will require twice as much water as it does today in nearly half the world．Still greater increases would be needed to improve standards of living．Development of new water supplies will become more costly．26．According to the passage, in 2010 while output of food will be greater, ．A．people will have sufficient food supplies．B．The world resources will become more than enoughC．In most developing countries people will have less food than they have todayD．The living standards of the world"s population will improve greatly27．According to the author, in 2010 for many poor people, ．A．things will get even worseB．things will be a little betterC．it will be necessary for them to improve their housingD．it will be impossible to obtain enough necessities of life28．In the 1970-2010 period, the large proportion of global increase of food production goes ．A．to 90 percentB．to developing countriesC．to any country in the world that needs itD．to those countries that already have high per head consumption29．How does the author predict the development of new water supplies in the future?A．Water shortage will occur in some regions onlyB．Development of new water supplies will be more expensive．C．The less developed countries need more water than the developed ones．D．The demand for water will double with the growing population．30．Which of the following may best serve as the title of this passage?A．the Future problems in the World．B．Water and Air Pollution．C．Water and Food ShortagesD．Food Production and ConsumptionPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage．The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded on January 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as freely as possible, making sure that trade agreements are respected and that any disputes can be settled．In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well known as one of the world"s most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Monetary Fund ( 国际货币基金组织)．The system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the General Agreement on Tariffs ( 关税) and Trade (GATT) was formed after World War II．As time went by, it became clear that the GA TT had two major drawbacks—the limitedareas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes．After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round ( 乌拉圭回合谈判) finally gave birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and to form new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property．Even after seven years of talks and with 22,500 pages of agreements reached problems remained, especially in the difficult-to-deal-with areas of agriculture and services．31．What is the purpose of the WTO?A．To encourage international trade to flow freely．B．To make sure that trade agreements are respected．C．To settle any disputes．D．All of the above32．According to the passage ,the GA TT stopped working_______．A．in 1948B．in 1994C．after World War ⅡendedD．during the seven years of the Uruguay Round talk33.The WTO is better than the GA TT in that_____．A．it can settle disputes in more areas of international tradeB．it enables its members to sign agreements more easilyC．it deals with problems in agriculture and services more effectivelyD．it pays more attention to service and intellectual property34.The word “drawbacks ”in Paragraph 4 means ______．A．Weak pointsB．Strong pointsC．ImprovementsD．Changes35．According to the last two paragraphs ,which of the following statements is true?A．The WTO is the world"s most powerful economic organizationB．The GA TT was founded in Uruguay in 1995C．The WTO has an effective system to settle disputes and to form new rulesD．All the countries in the world are member nations of the WTOⅣ.Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items)36．情况，地位n．s________37．星期三n．W___________38．分解，解决vt．r______39．昆虫n．I______40．高贵的，贵族的a．n______41．拒绝，驳回vt．r_______42．服从，听从vt．o______43．愿意的，乐意的a．w________44．无数的a．n______45．捆扎vt．p______46．地平线n．h______47．在更远处prep．B______48．折叠vt．f_______49．集合vt．a______50．反对，使相对vt．o______51．事件，比赛项目n．t_____52．应当，应该aux．o_______53．题目，主题n．t______54．贴切的，有关的a．r________55．雌的，女性的a．f______Ⅴ.Word Form( 10 points, 1 point for each item)56.The governor"s wife persuaded him_____ (not, accept) that man"s money．57．_____(lie ) under a tree ,Mary was thinking how to teach her daughter English effectively58.Promotion is not based on the ____(long) of employment only．59.His _____(curious) about the earth led him to a great discovery．60.Her compositions show that she is a very _____(imagine) child．61.She spent____(little) time on writing than on other language skills．62.Your hair needs____(cut )．It is too long．63.The two cars collided with each other,___(cause) a traffic jam．64.I have no choice but _____(wait)．65.He would like to have the work _____(do) perfectly．Ⅵ.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item)66．茶和咖啡，你比较喜欢哪一种？67．昨天要不是生病，她就来了。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C],or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation s great traditions:the Sunday roast.1____a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can2____it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health. That this 3____should be rendered yet another quality pleasure 4___to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6____high temperatures.This means that people should 7____ crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin- crust pizzas and only_ 8____toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no 10____ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11____to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12____the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13____to follow the FSA advice.14____,it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15____.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17____,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods18____,but reduce their lifetime intake.However its 19____risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just 20____ with one listening.1.[A]In [B]Towards [C]On [D]Till2.[A] match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence :3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concern4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C]compelled [D]guaranteed5.[A]isued [B]received [C]compelled [D] guaranteed6.[A]under [B]at [C]for [D]by7.[A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D]avoid8.[A]partially [B]regular [C]easily [D]intally9.[A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D] While10.[A]secondary [B]external [C]conclusive [D]negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D] slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C]In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C]connection [D]patterm16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C]gradually [D]carefully19.[A]promise [B]experience [C]campaign [D]competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C]open up [D]end up .Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below cach text bychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK“town of culture"award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in 220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town,it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some 1might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of Furopean capital of culture,a sough after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever ofself-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: aftertown of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-al1.A badly run“year of culture"washes in and out ofa place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A“town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a“town of culture" award could_____[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as______[A]a sensible compromise.[B]a self-deceiving attempt.[C]an eye catching bonus[D]an inaccessible target.23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful onlyif it_____[A]endeavours to maintain its image.[B]meets the aspirations of its people.[C]brings its local arts to prominence.[D]commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present_____[A]a contrasting case.(B]a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D]a related topic.25.What is the author 's attitude towards the proposal?[A]Skeptical.[B]Objective.[C]Favourable.[D]Critical.Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also forfree,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than f900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than f210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all Brtish scientificresearch is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to S5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money" partly because______[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_____[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?______[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concermed.[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learmned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms_____[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication subtantially[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?______[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form ofvirtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure “gender parity"on boards andcommissions, provide a case in commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the irst state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Govermor Jery Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an“important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,ever where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of“equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women.in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without govenment interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent. Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota. Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt"phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_____[A] help lttle to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the Califomnia measure?____[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will setle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_____[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_____[A] the underestimation of elite women's role.[B] the objection to female participation on bards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?_____IAI Women's need in employment should be considered[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,mutinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening a investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in tum could lead to trade sanctions against France. The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need ofrevenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countriesover the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, but a few.At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if intermnational tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the interational tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system.other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to____[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learmned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax_____[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease intermational trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that_____[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current intermational tax system needs upgrading[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that the OECO'S current work_____[A] is being resisted by Us companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?_____[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41 -45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Eye fixations are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41._________________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone 's attention in a crowded room,“Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42._________________________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found inhigh-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact.Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.__________________________With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation.While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations.“Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson.44.___________________________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.____________________________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ."A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With (the gap between) the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations. many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the Ptolemaic and Aristotlean geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.Copernicus theorised in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentricprinciple.48.Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a ratethat the people一including the Church一could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude' or'dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.48. Despite attempts by the Church to sop suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era.50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase's 'Sapere aude’or ’dare to know’.SectionⅢwritingPart AThe student union of your university has assigned you to inform the international studentsabout an upcoming singing contest.Write a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below.In your essay,you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret the implied meaning. am3) give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题答案一：完型填空答案解析：今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文的线索。

英语(一)试题及答案英语（一）试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）A. 短对话理解（共5小题，每小题1分）1. What does the man want to do?A. Buy a new car.B. Sell his old car.C. Fix his car.D. Borrow money.*Answer: B*2. What is the woman's opinion about the weather?A. It's too hot.B. It's too cold.C. It's just right.D. It's unpredictable.*Answer: D*3. Why is the man late?A. He got stuck in traffic.B. He forgot the time.C. He overslept.D. He had to help a friend.*Answer: A*4. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Take a break.B. Go to the doctor.C. Work overtime.D. Finish the report first.*Answer: B*5. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Friends.C. Teacher and student.D. Husband and wife.*Answer: C*B. 长对话理解（共5小题，每小题2分）6. What is the main topic of the conversation?A. A job interview.B. A travel plan.C. A birthday party.D. A business meeting.*Answer: A*7. Why is the woman interested in the position?A. She has experience in the field.B. She likes the company's reputation.C. She needs a job urgently.D. She has a personal connection to the company.*Answer: B*8. What does the man ask the woman to do next?A. Prepare a presentation.B. Wait for a second interview.C. Submit her portfolio.D. Call the HR department.*Answer: B*9. What is the man's impression of the woman?A. He thinks she is overqualified.B. He is impressed with her skills.C. He doubts her commitment.D. He finds her unprepared.*Answer: B*10. When is the woman's availability for the second interview?A. Next Monday.B. Next Tuesday.C. Next Wednesday.D. Next Thursday.*Answer: C*二、阅读理解（共30分）A. 快速阅读（共5小题，每小题2分）Passage 1The article discusses the importance of a balanced diet for maintaining good health.11. What does the article mainly focus on?A. The benefits of a balanced diet.B. The types of food to avoid.C. The role of exercise in health.D. The impact of stress on health.*Answer: A*12. According to the article, what should be included in a balanced diet?A. Only fruits and vegetables.B. A variety of foods from all food groups.C. Mostly carbohydrates and proteins.D. A lot of sugar and fats.*Answer: B*13. What is the purpose of the article?A. To promote a specific diet plan.B. To educate readers on healthy eating.C. To criticize unhealthy food choices.D. To compare different diets.*Answer: B*14. What does the article suggest about the role of vegetables in a diet?A. They should be avoided.B. They are essential for health.C. They can be replaced by fruits.D. They are not necessary if you eat enough protein.*Answer: B*15. What is the author's view on fast food?A. It is a convenient option.B. It is unhealthy and should be limited.C. It can be part of a balanced diet.D. It is the main cause of health problems.*Answer: B*B. 深度阅读（共5小题，每小题4分）Passage 2The passage explores the impact of technology on education and the challenges it presents.16. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of education.B. The role of technology in education.C. The challenges faced by teachers.D. The benefits of traditional education methods.*Answer: B*17. According to the passage, what are the potential drawbacks of using technology in education?A. It can be expensive.B. It can lead。

绝密食启用前2022年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试‘‘英语〈一〉would arrange marriages with the sons or daughters of their friends and neighbors.Now Indian society is not臼stable出it w臼in the p出t.People move all the time.They do not get to know the people in their community well.The ads show another change,too.People still expect a woman to be attractive and a good housekeeper.But families are also looking for women and men with an education.Sta饥1s is becoming less important.注意事项：〈课程代码00012)A.Arvind and Renu are a newly-married Indian couple.•True B.False C.Not GivenB.Renu's family investigated Arvind’s background before the wedding.1.本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

2.考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。

3.必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。

第一部分：阅读判断（第110题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果、该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A：如果该旬提供的是错误信息，选择B：如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

通用英语1试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. 选择填空（每题2分，共10分）- (1) The weather is very _______ today.A. coldB. hotC. warmD. cool- (2) She is _______ to play the piano.A. ableB. capableC. likelyD. possible- (3) He _______ up early every morning.A. getsB. getC. gettingD. to get- (4) I have never _______ such a beautiful place.A. seenB. lookedC. watchedD. noticed- (5) The teacher asked us _______ in the library.A. to speak quietlyB. speak quietlyC. speaking quietlyD. quietly to speak2. 语法填空（每题1分，共10分）- (1) If I _______ (be) you, I would not do that.- (2) She _______ (not go) to the party last night.- (3) The children _______ (play) in the garden when it started to rain.- (4) I _______ (not finish) my homework yet.- (5) They _______ (be) to Paris twice.答案：1. 选择填空- (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) A (5) A2. 语法填空- (1) were (2) didn't go (3) were playing (4)haven't finished (5) have been二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。