我的外语我的路
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小语种 个人陈述尊敬的招生委员会:您好!我是一名热衷于小语种学习与研究的年轻人,很高兴有机会向您介绍我自己。
在这篇个人陈述中,我将详细阐述我的学术背景、兴趣爱好、实践经历以及未来规划,以便让您更好地了解我。
自从接触到小语种以来,我对其产生了浓厚的兴趣。
我认为,小语种不仅是沟通的工具,更是文化的载体。
学习小语种,就是走进一个全新的文化世界,感受其独特的魅力。
在我国,小语种人才培养一直备受重视。
因此,我决定将小语种作为我的专业,为实现成为一名优秀的小语种人才的梦想而努力。
在高中时期,我就开始学习西班牙语。
通过不懈的努力,我取得了优异的成绩。
在校期间,我参加了各类西班牙语竞赛,曾获得全国高中生西班牙语演讲比赛一等奖,并在学校举办的西班牙语知识竞赛中连续三年获得第一名。
这些荣誉不仅证明了我在小语种方面的实力,也使我更加坚定了学习的信念。
除了学术成绩优异,我还积极参与社会实践。
在高中毕业后,我参加了一次国际志愿者项目,前往墨西哥支教。
在那里,我不仅教授孩子们西班牙语,还向他们传播我国的文化。
这次经历使我深刻认识到,语言是沟通的桥梁,可以拉近人与人之间的距离。
我还利用课余时间参加了西班牙语角,结识了许多志同道合的朋友,拓展了自己的视野。
在大学期间,我将继续深入学习小语种。
专业课程之外,我还计划参加各类学术研讨会,以提高自己的学术素养。
同时,我将努力提高自己的跨文化交际能力,为将来在国际舞台上发挥重要作用做好准备。
在大学毕业后,我希望能够进入外交部门工作,为推动我国与世界各国的友好关系贡献力量。
我坚信,在小语种领域,我有着扎实的基础、丰富的实践经验和坚定的信念。
未来,我将继续努力,不断提高自己。
请相信,我一定能够成为一名优秀的小语种人才,为我国的发展做出贡献。
感谢您花时间阅读我的个人陈述。
我期待有机会为您进一步展示我的才能和潜力。
谢谢!此致敬礼!。
英语演讲稿(精彩9篇)篇一:英文发言稿范文五篇一Good morningeveningafternoon, ladies and gentlemen :Today, my speech is about talents,in my opionion, talents are indispensable in nowadays society. as is known to all that the fight among countries is actually the fight among talents.First, i'd like to define the word"talent" in my idea, a talent is one person who is good at or expertised in some or multiple areas. nowadays, as the world developing goes on , if one country want to rank top or do a good job in the world, the country must have many talents.for example, china, the biggest developing country in the world, in the past 100 years, is always invaded by other countries, why ,the reason is that china at that time had not so many talents. if they had anti-intrusion leader talents in the war, needless to say,they would have beat those big powers.if they had talents in weapons manufacturing, nodody dares to provoke us.however, nowadays, it's a totally different situation, china has become powerfulin all over the world, why ?because there are many talents serving the country, the civilians become more and more and more people go to university,more and more people come to receive further education. so what is that in return,talents in army protect our country from invasion, talents in commerce help make our economy keep in improving, talents in aerospace make the world see chinese manned spacecraft flying. talents in sports make china rank the first in the olympic games……To sum up, talents will play a more and more impoetant role in the world, if one country intends to flourish, he must foster talents as many as they can ,that's all,thank you.篇二:英语演讲稿篇二各位领导、老师:大家好!首先我感谢同事一直以来对我的信任和支持,同时给我这个机会来参加本次教师岗位竞聘的演讲。
全国大学生英语比赛演讲稿:我的国际化视野Ladies and Gentlemen,Good afternoon! I am honored to be here today to deliver my speech on the topic of "My International Perspective". Today, there is an unstoppable trend of globalization. Countries, organizations, and individuals are interconnectedin one way or another. Therefore, developing a global and broad outlook on the world is becoming more and more crucial.First and foremost, the process of globalization has resulted in the rapid development of technology and economic interdependence. As a result, it takes an understanding of globalization to be competitive in the job market and succeed in a technological society. Universities play a particularly important role in promoting globalization. They offer a wide range of international and multicultural experiencesincluding student exchanges, study abroad programs, andvarious accommodations to international students and scholars.Secondly, sharing cultural backgrounds and perspectives can contribute to a better understanding of the world. We can learn about different ways of life, values, and perspectivesthrough cross-cultural exchanges. Also, it's essential to be able to communicate effectively in various languages to build relationships and understanding among people. Personally, I used to think that China could achieve almost anything on its own without much help from outside countries, but after participating in a summer exchange program in Japan, I realized that gaining fresh perspectives and sharing ideas with people from other countries was invaluable. This experience was an excellent opportunity to expand my worldview, gain a greater appreciation of Japanese culture and customs, and learn more about myself.Finally, as college students, we need international awareness not only to better understand the world but also to contribute to it positively. We should explore how we can use our skills and expertise to make the world a better place. For instance, we can start contributing to international communities by volunteering our time, applying to international organizations, or even starting ventures that solve global problems.In conclusion, global perspectives and intercultural communication are essential to students who want tocontribute to society as they move forward into the future.We need to learn and collaborate with people from all over the world and be open to new ideas. Being knowledgeable about the world is an essential part of being a well-rounded and successful individual. Thank you.。
开启英语口语兴趣的大门每个人心里都有一扇向往已久的门,推开它,就会发现一片新的天地。
对于我来说,这扇门就是英语口语的天地。
小时候,我总是羡慕那些能够用流利英语和外国友人交流的同学。
每当他们用英语交谈时,我总是默默地坐在一旁,心里充满了羡慕和好奇。
那时候,我就知道我对英语口语有着浓厚的兴趣。
为了开启这扇门,我开始寻找各种学习资源。
我阅读英语故事书,听英语广播,看英语电影,甚至尝试用英语和同学聊天。
这些看似微小的行动,却在我心中播下了对英语的热爱之种。
随着时间的推移,我逐渐发现英语口语的魅力。
当我能够用英语表达自己的想法时,我感到无比的自豪和自由。
我开始尝试参加英语角,和来自不同国家的同学们交流。
虽然开始时我有些紧张,但是当我克服自己的恐惧,勇敢地表达自己时,我感受到了从未有过的快乐。
除了交流,英语口语还给我带来了很多其他的收获。
我开始关注不同国家的文化,了解不同的历史和传统。
我发现自己变得更加开放和包容,愿意接受新的观念和思想。
这种成长让我更加坚信,学习英语口语不仅仅是为了交流,更是为了拓展自己的视野,丰富自己的生活。
在这个过程中,我也遇到了许多挑战和困难。
有时候我会感到沮丧和挫败,觉得自己的发音和语法不如别人。
但是,我从未放弃过。
我坚信只要坚持努力,就一定能够取得进步。
我开始寻求老师的帮助,参加辅导班,甚至向同学请教。
这些努力让我逐渐克服了困难,也让我更加自信和坚定。
如今,我已经打开了英语口语兴趣的大门,并且在这个天地里畅游。
我发现自己变得更加开朗和自信,也更加热爱生活。
我明白了学习英语口语不仅仅是为了考试或者工作,更是为了丰富自己的内心世界,拓宽自己的视野。
在这个过程中,我也收获了许多宝贵的经验和教训。
我学会了如何克服困难,如何坚持不懈,如何与他人合作。
这些经验和教训让我变得更加成熟和自信,也让我更加珍惜自己的成长。
最后,我想说,开启英语口语兴趣的大门并不容易,但是只要你勇敢地迈出第一步,你就会发现这个天地里有着无尽的惊喜和收获。
外国语学校英语自我介绍English Version:Title: Introducing Myself at a Foreign Language SchoolHello everyone,My name is [Your Name], and I am thrilled to be a part of this prestigious foreign language school. I am in the [Grade] grade and looking forward to an exciting year of learning and growth.I was born and raised in [Your City], where I developed a passion for languages from a young age. My family has always encouraged me to explore different cultures, and this curiosity led me to choose this school, which is renowned for its language programs.One of my favorite aspects of learning English is the opportunity it provides to communicate with people from all over the world. I enjoy reading English books, watching movies, and engaging in conversations with native speakers to improve my language skills.In my free time, I enjoy [Your Hobbies], which helps me relax and also provides a creative outlet. I am particularly interested in [Specific Hobby or Interest], and I hope to find like-minded friends here to share this interest with.I am a hardworking and dedicated student, always striving for excellence in all my endeavors. I believe that learning a language is not just about memorizing words and grammar but also about understanding the culture and history behind it.I am excited to meet all of you and to start this new chapter together. I am eager to contribute to our class community and to learn from each one of you. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to introduce myself, and I am looking forward to a wonderful year ahead.Chinese Translation:标题:在外国语学校的自我介绍大家好,我叫[你的名字],非常高兴能成为这所享有盛誉的外国语学校的一员。
少儿英语大赛自我介绍【少儿英语自我介绍十大经典句型】少儿英语大赛自我介绍-【少儿英语自我介绍十大经典句型】我的名字叫李岚。
2.myenglishnameislucy.我的英文名字叫lucy。
3.justcallmelucy.就叫我lucy吧。
4.i’mtwelveyearsold.我十二岁了。
5.iamaprimaryschoolstudent.我是一名小学生。
6.igotochunchengprimaryschool.我上的是春城小学。
7.iamlearningenglishnow.我现在在学英语。
8.ilikeenglishverymuch.我非常喜欢英语。
9.ilikespeakingenglish.我喜欢说英语。
10.imustlearnenglishwell.我必须把英语学好。
【情景对话】发挥你的想象力,你可以以任何人的身份进行想象,你可以想象各种各样的答案,只有想象力丰富,才能尽量接触到所有你可能想说的话,这样才可以最大限度地学会一切英语表述,做到随心所欲说英语。
---what’syourname?---你叫什么名字?---mynameislilan.---我的名字叫李岚。
---what’syourenglishname?---你的英文名字叫什么?---myenglishnameislucy.---我的英文名字叫lucy。
---canicallyoulucy?---我叫你lucy好吗?---yes,justcallmelucy.---可以,就叫我lucy吧。
---howoldareyou?---你多大了?---i’mtwelveyearsold.---我十二岁了。
---areyouaprimaryschoolstudent?---你是一名小学生吗?---yes,iam.iamaprimaryschoolstudent. ---是的,我是一名小学生。
---wheredoyougotoschool?---你在哪里上学?---igotochunchengprimaryschool.---我上的是春城小学。
We got a package from my dad. 我爸寄来了个包裹No air holes in the box. 盒子上没有气孔That's a good sign. 这是个好兆头Lily loved having that chicken. 莉莉很喜欢那只小鸡One more time than she realized. 后来吃得也很开心尽管她不知情Listen, I just got an e-mail from our wedding singer. 我刚收到婚礼歌手的电邮- He has a small request. - Another one? -他有个小要求 -又来吗Since when does the wedding singer send us requests? 婚礼歌手何时开始向我们提要求了Well, no, he just wants to change a few songs in your medley 不他只是想把你的几首歌换掉to avoid overlap with the stuff that he's performing. 以免跟他要表演的部分重复Well, I hope it's none of my showstoppers. 可别换了我的重头戏Oh, they're all showstoppers. 你的歌都是重头戏啦Oh, you're too kind. 你太好了Oh, my gosh, it's us. 天啊是我们For our wedding cake. 放在我们的婚礼蛋糕上Couldn't you just die? 是不是激动得要死了I really think I could. 我真觉得我要死了My dad made this. 我爸爸做的He's a world-class soap carver. 他可是世界级的肥皂雕刻师You know, once, when I was a kid, I cussed, 我小时候有一次说脏话and my mom washed my mouth out 我妈妈用他雕的比萨斜塔with the leaning tower of Pisa. 洗我的嘴She still blames herself to this day. 她到现在还在自责Oh, I would have nixed that wedding topper immediately,本来我是会马上反对那个婚礼蛋糕人偶的but Cam and I have an agreement. 但小卡跟我有项协议We -- we each got three vetoes of each other's wedding ideas --我们每人有三次否决对方婚礼创意的机会No questions asked. 无需任何理由And it -- it worked for...a while 倒是实施了那么一小会儿I think you're gonna love my wedding board. 你会爱上我的婚礼公告牌的I'm pretty excited, too. 我也非常激动- Veto. - Veto. -反对 -反对- Veto. - Veto. -反对 -反对I'm sorry I'm so emotional. 很抱歉我太激动了It's just the nicest thing ever. 真的是最棒的礼物了You don't think that I look just a little bit -- 你不觉得我看起来有点I mean, my dad carved through his arthritis! 我爸爸忍着关节炎刻出来的Maybe it's the kicky leg. 可能是因为那只翘起来的腿I mean, the hours his ruined hands put into this. 想想他用一双残手雕刻所投入的时间He found us in soap. 他在肥皂中挖掘到了我们Today, mitchell, I know love. 今天米奇尔我懂得了爱I no love, either. 我也懂得了"唉"So, take your time looking around. 你四处看看吧Thanks. 谢谢I'm helping Gloria sell the old apartment 我在帮歌洛莉亚卖掉她在认识杰之前that she and Manny lived in before she met Jay. 和曼尼住的旧公寓It's in an up-and-coming neighborhood 这里的邻居前卫大胆with a distinct multicultural bent 拥有鲜明独特的多元文化趋向that's undergoing an exciting urban renewal. 正在经历着令人欣喜的城市复兴That's a fancy way of saying "The gays found it." 换个说法就是"基佬们发现了这块宝地"I can't believe that I lived here for five years. 难以置信我在这里住了五年Even turning the lights on was a pain. 连开灯都很痛苦Look at this. 你看Keep it down, you bitch! 小点声你个婊子Ay. Mrs. Rivera's still alive. 里维拉太太还活着I am really digging this place. 我还真中意这地方Right? 是吧The gas stove, the moldings -- 瞧瞧这燃气灶线脚they don't make 'em like this anymore. 如今很难找到这样的房子了I'll probably gut it. 我可能会全拆掉Rip it out. 全拆掉That's what I'd do. 我也会这么做I want my contractor to swing by, 我会让我的承包人来看看but I really like it. 但我真的很喜欢这里Great. All right. Thanks. 太好了好极了谢谢- Bye-bye. - Talk to you soon. -拜拜 -再联系So nice to meet you. 真高兴认识你I'm not selling to him. 我才不卖给他What? Really? 什么真的吗He's a quality buyer. 他是个不错的买家啊You're tired of finding renters. 你也不想再找租客了This is a family building. 这房子是给一大家子人住的Generations have lived there, 一大家子几代人and usually at the same time. 往往是数世同堂He just wants to flip it. 他不过是想转手赚钱Okay. 好吧I got a backup I can probably get here in an hour. 还有另一个买家大概一小时后能到You want to wait in there? 你想去那里面等吗You walk in that door, 你走进去You walk in that door, [鸡尾酒吧]you never come out. 就别想出来了No, no, not the bar -- the coffee shop. 不不不是那家酒吧是那家咖啡厅Yeah, that's what I'm talking about. 对啊我说的就是那个But we can wait next door. 但我们可以去隔壁等That's my old hair salon where I used to work. 那是我以前工作过的美发店You can get drinks there, too. 去那里也有的喝Gloria! 歌洛莉亚No, no, no, it's not Jay. 不不不这不是杰What's so funny? 什么这么好笑What's so funny? 什么这么好笑She thinks you're my lover. 她以为你是我情人That is funny! 太好笑了I don't know if it's "a room full of women laughing" funny,我不确定是不是值得一屋子女人捧腹大笑but... 但是Ay, Rita, no. 丽塔不是啦Phil is a friend of mine, 菲尔是我的一个朋友and we're just killing time before an appointment. 我们在等人过来消磨点时间I hate to ask, Gloria, 我也不想这样歌洛莉亚but my new girl hasn't shown up. 但我新招的店员还没来Any chance you could help? 你可以帮忙吗Ay, of course! 当然可以啦It will be so much fun! 一定会很好玩的I don't want to ruin my nails. 我不想毁了我的指甲Phil, would you do my shampooing? 菲尔你能帮忙洗头吗Well, I-I guess so. 应该可以吧We've got the time. 我们还有时间Just a warning -- 我得声明一下I haven't shampooed professionally since college, 大学后我就没有专业洗过头发了and that was only part-time to pay for my cheer gear. 那只是一份兼职来付拉拉队服装的钱Wow. That was super-braggy. 我真是太爱炫了What do we got, double sinks? 这里有什么并排水槽吗What's the nozzle sitch? 花洒还好使吗Not to sound too braggy, 我不想太炫耀自己but your mom was kind of 但你妈妈我这周工作a badass at work this week. 是上天入地无所不能It was hard enough with grandpa being sick 外公病了我突然掌管大权and me suddenly in charge, 这就已经够艰难了but it was just one crisis after another. 但危机真是一个接一个啊Luke, honey, we're going! 卢克亲爱的我们要走了Fire in the warehouse, 仓库起火surprise inspection from OSHA, 职业安全和健康署突击检查our biggest buyer tried to pull out of a deal, 我们最大的顾客企图取消订单and I have to talk him off a ledge. 我得让他打消这个念头Whatever. It's over now. 随便啦都结束了I don't want to bore you guys with this stuff. 我不想说这些来让你们觉得无聊So, when I get to work on Wednesday, 我周三去上班时Margaret is ready in tears, 玛格利特已经在哭了and there are two cops in the waiting room, 接待室里有两名警察and I say to them, 我对他们说"One of you had better be able to drive an 18-wheeler, 你们最好有人能开18轮巨型货车"because I've got 100 rosewood panels to get to Victorville, 因为我要送100块紫檀板去胜利谷or it's coming out of my paycheck." 不然我就要用薪水补偿了I told you guys about the drivers and the bad tuna? 我跟你们说过司机和变质金枪鱼的事了吗- Bad tuna, - Yes. -变质金枪鱼 -对- yeah. - Yes, I did. -说了 -我的确说了Hey, mom, I forgot how fun this car was. 妈妈我都忘记这辆车有多好玩了And these automatic doors and that TV in the back. 自动门还有后排的电视You know what else was fun? 你知道还有什么很好玩吗The party they threw for me at work on Friday. 他们周五为我办的派对I mean, it was a little bit embarrassing. 那的确有点尴尬啦I didn't even know "She-ro" was a word, 我都不知道还有"英雌"这个词儿and there it was, in icing. 结果他们用糖霜写了这个词Hello, hello! 好啊好啊Welcome to Jay's night. 欢迎来到杰之夜Names, please. 请报上尊姓大名Want to make sure you're on the list. 确保你在邀请名单内Kidding! Just excited. 开玩笑啦我很激动Appetizers on the bar, 吧台上有开胃菜scrabble on the coffee table, 咖啡桌上有拼词游戏and our feature presentation, 还有我们的特色演讲"The Great Escape." "超级大逃亡"Speaking of which, Haley... 说到这个海莉Don't worry, grandpa. 别担心外公I'm not leaving. 我不会走的I have no plans for the night. 我今晚没安排Me, either. 我也没有But when I say it, it's news. 但我没安排是了不得的新闻When you say any complete sentence, 你说了任何一句完整的话it's news. 都是了不得的新闻Okay, girls. Dad, you feeling better? 别吵了姑娘们爸你好些了吗You had a rough week, huh? 你这周很难受对吧Nah. I'm fine. 我没事Looks like you had a big week. 看来你这周很忙啊You heard about that? 你听说了吗Yeah, I got the blow-by-blow on all the office drama. 办公室八卦的所有细节都尽在我掌握By the way, sincerely... 顺便说一句真的...Yeah? 什么...great... 超棒...great guacamole on the bar, there. 吧台那边的鳄梨色拉酱超棒Wow. That's it? 就这样吗Everything you did for him, 你为他做了那么多事and he doesn't even say "Thank you"? 他都不说一句谢谢吗I get it. 我明白了It's "Hero" with a "She." 是"英雄"中的"雄"换成了"雌"Okay, I'm up to speed. 好我跟上了Yeah, that was cold. 是啊太冷漠了It's just his way. 他就是这样After years of disappointment, 多年的失望过后I have learned not to expect a pat on the head from my dad. 我学会了不指望我爸给我肯定He's not capable of it. 他做不到But it has taught me a very important lesson 但这教会了我一个很重要的教训that you girls should learn, too -- 你们也该学学approval comes from within. 自我肯定首先要来源于自身I knew that, mom. 我知道妈妈'Course you did, 'cause you're smart. 你当然知道啦因为你聪明Hey, is Lily out of the tub? 莉莉从浴缸里出来了吗We got to be at my dad's soon. 我们得赶去我爸家了Oh, no! 不It's not that big of a deal. 没什么大不了的We can be a little late. 我们可以稍微迟到一会儿No! Lily had the cake topper 不莉莉把我们的蛋糕人偶in the tub with her! 带进浴缸了Oh, no. How could such a terrible mistake have occurred? 不怎么会犯这么严重的错误呢I think she must have just thought it was a toy or something.我想她一定以为那是个玩具之类的Well, I hope it's not completely ruined forever. 希望人偶没有被玩坏Oh, no. Are you kidding me? 没有你开玩笑吧My daddy uses a special shellac on this thing. 我爸爸用了特殊的虫胶清漆This is water-resistant, 这玩意儿能防水heat-resistant -- you name it. 隔热百毒不侵Good to know. 真好Yeah, but put it someplace safe. 是啊放在安全的地方It could still be slippery, 可能还有点滑so be careful. 小心点Is it? 是吗Oh, yeah, it is! 是啊的确是It's slippery! 好滑Is it okay? 没坏吧Not a scratch. 安然无恙Apparently, I'm tougher than I look. 显然我比看上去要强壮Hey, boys. Having fun? 孩子们玩得开心吗You know it. 你知道的Love us some Jay's night. 我们喜欢杰之夜Okay, we're out of here. 好了我们走吧Kristy Hughes, 克里斯蒂·休斯A.K.A. "Kristy huge ones," 外号"克里斯蒂·胸器"is having a pool party two blocks away. 在两个街区外开泳池派对What about Jay? 那杰怎么办He thinks we're at a party. 他认为我们就是在开派对He'll never know. 他不会知道的We sneak out, work the room, 我们偷偷溜出去溜进屋里cannonball, cannonball, 欣赏大胸and we're back in time for dinner. 然后我们赶回来吃晚餐Were you even invited? 你被邀请了吗No. 没有But that's only because I don't know her or any of her friends.但那只是因为我不认识她或她的朋友We're not invading her house. 非法入侵的事咱们不能干Besides, this hair at a pool party -- 再说我这头发在泳池派对上One dunk, and it goes off like an airbag. 一碰水就跟安全气囊似的爆开了What's this? You made sauce? 这是什么你做了酱汁吗Well, you were sick. 你生病了I didn't know if you could handle it. 我不知道你能不能坚持做饭Back in Vietnam, I had hepatitis. 越战的时候我得了肝炎Still managed to cook Thanksgiving dinner 照样给三百个士兵准备了for 300 soldiers. 感恩节晚餐I think I can handle sauce. 我觉得我能搞得定酱汁Well, I saved you the trouble. 我这不是帮你省了麻烦嘛So, Margaret tells me I'm using some new delivery trucks now.玛格利特告诉我公司在用新的运货卡车Yeah. They're hybrid. 是的它们都是混合动力的Now, they cost a little more, 确实贵一些but when I factored in the tax rebates 但是我把使用绿色产品的you get for going green, 退税算上we come out ahead. 我们就把钱赚回来了Speaking of "Green," 提到绿色you went a little heavy on the vegetables, huh? 你蔬菜放得太多了吧I'm not sure I can stomach anything that's healthy. 我不确定我能吃下任何健康食物Gosh, mom, that truck thing sounds so amazing. 天啊妈妈那些卡车听起来真不错Yeah! 是啊It's fine, dad. 没关系爸Only do what we're capable of, right? 只做力所能及的对吧Oh, damn. 该死No, Stella, stay. No. 不斯黛拉站住不行Good girl. 乖狗狗Thank you, Stella. 谢谢斯黛拉Thank you for listening. 谢谢你听我的话Oh, I'm so proud of you. 我太为你骄傲了Who's my best girl? 谁是我的好闺女Don't. 不用了Okay, girls, we are ready for scrabble. 好了姑娘们我们准备好拼字游戏了I'll grab some snacks. 我去拿些零食Uh, potato chips, please. 我要薯片拜托了Oh, so I can hear about how much 然后我就能整晚听你抱怨you hate yourself all night? 你有多讨厌自己了Hello, Luke. 你好卢克Come on! We've got to go! 拜托我们去吧That party's full of sophomores. 那个派对上都是高二的学生Those women have lived. 那些学姐们可都是过来人No, we're going back inside, 不我们现在回屋去we're eating Jay's food, 吃杰准备的食物and we're playing his board games. 然后玩他的桌游More like boring games. 应该叫"无聊"游戏吧They're already called "Board." 那名字本身就和"无聊"读音相同You don't make it more clever by -- 你没必要再做多余演绎了Never mind. 算了Okay. Thanks. 好的谢谢Did you work everything out with the wedding singer? 你和婚礼主唱把问题都解决了吗Oh, yeah -- I'm just dropping my big finale 是的我刚放弃了我的压轴表演because he's doing the same song. 因为他要唱同一首歌"My Way"? 《我的路》吗His way. 已经是他的路了Hey, guys. 大家好啊Sorry we're late, 抱歉我们迟到了but we come with wine. 但我们带了红酒And whittlin'! 还有雕刻艺术哦Check it out. 看看This is a beautiful gift my father made 这是我父亲做的美丽礼物for the top of our wedding cake. 为了放在结婚蛋糕上面的I guess he ran out of soap before he got to me. 我猜他肥皂用光了所以没把我放进去- Darn. - For you. -太糟了 -给你Ladies, check out 女士们来看看your uncle Mitch and Cam in soap. 肥皂版的米奇尔和小卡叔叔That's soap? 那是肥皂做的吗It's beautiful. 太漂亮了This is my worst nightmare. 这是我最恐怖的噩梦You shouldn't have blown through those vetoes. 你不应该把否决权都浪费了的This is how Cam's dad sees me -- 这就是小卡爸爸眼里的我like some fawning damsel. 像个谄媚的黄花闺女一样If anything, Cam's the damsel. 小卡更像个黄花闺女Dad! 爸Thank you. 谢谢A lot can happen before the big day. 大婚之前什么都可能发生Believe me, I've already tried. 相信我我什么招都试过了That thing is indestructible. 那东西简直坚不可摧What if it went missing? 如果它消失不见了呢Things disappear around here all the time. 我这里可总是丢东西Do they? 是吗All the time. 一直都是Let's just say I have a friend 我有个小伙伴who helps me in these kinds of situations. 总在这样的时刻帮我I'm listening. 我听着呢The less you know, the better. 你知道的越少越好I'm not listening. 那我不听了We never had this conversation. 这段对话从没发生过This is a non-versation. 这是段"没话"Right. 是的I am giving you the...no-ahead. 我要你 "不动手"Oh, I miss you girls. 我太想念你们了Nobody in my white family thinks that I am funny. 我的白人家庭里没人觉得我幽默Honey, Hector had a life before he met you. 亲赫克托遇到你前有自己的人生So I have to eat dinner with his ex? 所以我就得和他前任一起吃饭吗Well, you certainly don't want him going alone -- 那你肯定不想让他自己去吧Not with his history. 特别是他还有那么段历史Who are you really mad at? 你到底是生谁的气呢Ay, I don't know. 我不知道Come on, Luisa. 说说吧路易莎Raul! 劳尔Hector's going to hurt me just like Raul did! 赫克托会像劳尔那样伤我的心There it is. 这就是了But Hector isn't raul, okay? 但赫克托不是劳尔对吗They're just cousins. 他们只是表亲而已We need to get a move on. 我们得走了The client's gonna come over to the apartment at 4:00. 客户会在四点来看房I am swamped. I can't just leave. 我太忙了脱不开身Gloria, we're here to sell your apartment. 歌洛莉亚我们是来这卖你的公寓的We don't work at the salon. 不是来发廊打工的Muchísimas gracias, Bianca. 非常感谢比安卡No más texting ese hombre. 别再跟那个男人发短信了It's for a young couple with a baby on the way. 这是一对快生小孩的年轻夫妇They're not flippers. 买房不是为了转手赚钱They're looking for a place to settle down and make a home. 他们是想找个地方安定下来Okay, just move them. 跟他们换个时间If they really want it, they'll come back. 要是他们真想要这房子肯定会回来的But, Gloria -- 可是歌洛莉亚Ay, please, just help me with Anna's foils. 拜托你帮我处理一下安娜的锡纸I have a weave emergency! 我得赶紧去帮人驳发Something's not right. 有点不对劲Qué qué pasó? 什么怎么了No, no, no, not with you. You look great. 不不跟你没关系你好着呢You know who's gonna hate this, 你知道谁会痛恨这个造型吗is a certain jealous sister. 对你羡慕嫉妒恨的小姐妹Cinco de my, oh, my. 来我们击个掌How am I supposed to do this with so many "I"s on my rack? 我这儿有这么多个"I"让我怎么玩How am I supposed to do this with so many "I"s on my rack? [曼尼听成"eyes on my rack:这么多只眼睛盯着我的脖子"]Sorry. 真抱歉Where's Luke? 卢克在哪儿How long does it take him to get the dictionary? 他拿个字典要这么久吗We described it for him perfectly. 我们很清楚地告诉他字典长什么样子了Wait a minute. 等等He's not coming back. 他不会是不回来了吧He's not coming back. [音似Move your ass: 动作快点]Ugh. Move your "S." 移动你的"S"I-I'm going as fast as I can. 我已经走得够快了Mitchell! It's gone! 米奇尔它不见了What is? 什么东西The cake topper. 那个蛋糕装饰人偶Lily, have you seen the little daddies 莉莉你有看到之前跟你一起洗澡的you were bathing with earlier? 小版爸爸们吗Don't say that. 别这么说话I saw Stella playing with it. 我看到斯黛拉在玩它What? 什么Oh, look at her. She's all muddy. 瞧瞧她身上全是泥巴She must have brought it outside and buried it. 她肯定是叼出去埋起来了She does it all the time! 她老是做这种事Oh, no. We have to go find it. 不我们必须找到它Good luck. 祝你们好运That thing's as good as gone. 那东西估计是找不到了Dang it! 真糟糕And the worst part is, 最惨的是we don't even have a picture of it. 我们连张照片都没来得及拍Do we? 我们有吗Okay, we can't give up. 我们不能放弃Let's go out into the yard and look for it. 我们去院子里找找看Careful. I wouldn't come between Stella 注意点换成我是不会干涉斯黛拉and anything she's buried. 藏任何东西的She's a wild animal. 她有自己的天性No telling what she'll do. 不会别人告诉她会做什么That's a very aggressive stance. 这姿势真是充满挑衅的味道Luke! Wait! 卢克等等Oh. Look at that. 瞧瞧你You left your yard, 你都离开院子了and your little shock collar didn't go off. 你的电子项圈居然没有响Luke -- 卢克Okay, so, here's the new plan. 好了新计划是这样的You hang back while I break the ice, 你站后面由我先来活跃气氛and then, when the time is right -- 等到一个恰当的时候Manny! You made it! 曼尼你来了Who's this? 这是谁"Who's this?" 这是谁Excuse me, 拜托Kristy huge ones, I have a name. 克里斯蒂·胸器我是有名字的Okay, come on. Stop. 好了别闹了I'm tired of chasing you all day. 我追了你一整天已经受够了Then don't. 那就别追我Stay as long as you want at that lame party. 去那个无聊的派对上玩吧You want to talk? 你想聊聊吗You're the dorky sidekick, not me. 你才应该是那个呆呆的配角不是我Want to talk nicer? 能稍微友好点吗How could you be invited and I wasn't? 凭什么她请你不请我I don't know. 我不知道It's like the stuff that used to make me kind of weird, 貌似过去我身上让人觉得奇怪的地方people are starting to like. 开始招人喜欢了So? 所以呢I'm the same as I always was. 我还跟以前一样Well...maybe you could upgrade a little. 说不定你可以提高一下自己Well...maybe you could upgrade a little. [尤达:《星球大战》中的人物]Uh, we're tired of the yoda voice, 我们受够了你的"尤达"音and if a girl tells you she went to london, 如果有个女孩告诉你她去了伦敦maybe don't ask if she also saw France. 最好别问她是不是看见了法国I liked things better when you were the one 我还是喜欢who was ostrich-sized. 你比较像鸵鸟的时候What? 什么You know, like a freaky outsider -- 你懂的一个怪异的圈外人the way an ostrich feels around regular birds. 鹤立鸡群的感觉You know what else girls like? 你知道女孩子还喜欢什么吗The mysterious, silent type. 神秘又安静的类型What are you doing with my sauce, there, cookie? 你在对我的酱汁做什么伙计That's yours. 那才是你的This is mine. 这是我的I prepped it this morning. 我早上就准备好了I figured, why not make it? 我想了下为什么不做呢Um...maybe because I already made sauce? 因为我已经做好了Can't have too much. 多多益善Can't ya? 是吗Hand me that ladle, huh? 把汤勺递给我What are you doing? I got it. 你干嘛我已经拿住了What do you say? 你要说什么What? 什么What do you say when somebody does something for you? 当别人为你做事的时候你要说什么What do you say? 你要说什么You want me to thank you for handing me a ladle? 你想让我谢谢你把汤勺给我吗You thanked the dog for staying -- 你感谢了狗狗站着不动which is basically doing nothing -- 虽然它其实什么都没做so I know you know the words. 所以我确定你知道该怎么说Fine. 好吧Thank you for handling me the ladle. 谢谢你把汤勺递给我You sure those are ready? 你确定这些煮好了吗You sure those are ready? [旧时通过意大利面是否能粘到墙上来判断是否煮熟] You didn't throw one against the wall. 你还没往墙上扔呢Oh, dad, nobody does that anymore. 爸现在没有人这么做了Oh. I guess we have new ways for doing everything now, huh?就是说我们做所有事都换新方法了是吧No. I didn't say that. 不我可没那么说I'm just saying that you can taste your food 我只是说你可以直接尝一下熟了没有instead of flinging it at the wall like a chimp. 而不是像黑猩猩一样往墙上甩Okay. 好吧How's it taste? 味道如何Actually, mm, that's pretty good. 事实上还不错But it could use a little, 但是如果能加点um...sauce. 酱料Let me just -- ooh, hot. 我来试试好烫Try a little Parmesan with that? 再加点帕尔马干酪I should probably get that bread in the oven. 我应该把面包放进烤箱了Just... 只要Okay! Hey! 好了好了Hey, how about we take over in here 这里交给我们吧while you two get cleaned up for dinner? 你们去收拾一下准备吃饭了Yes, good idea. 好主意Yeah. Okay. 好的Approval comes from within. 自我肯定首先要来源于自身Thank you. 谢谢Your sauce needs garlic. 你的酱料需要加点蒜- Okay. - Okay. -好了 -好了And that's a clock. 这是个表Okay, well, do another one. 好吧再试另一个地方I've done like four. 我试了四个了This dog is a worse hoarder than your uncle Clayton. 这只狗比你叔叔克莱顿还爱囤东西He's a collector. 他是个收藏家Of expired yogurt? 收藏过期酸奶吗Getting tired. 累死我了Cam, can we just stop, please? 小卡能不能别找了I feel like we've done our best, 我觉得我们已经尽力了but we're just not gonna find it. 肯定是找不到了Found it! 找到了Oh! Good. 太好了Thank god. 谢天谢地I hadn't even told you my biggest plan for this yet. 我还没告诉你我对它的宏伟计划呢Bigger than the top of our wedding cake? 比装饰蛋糕还宏伟的计划吗I'm gonna have a mold made of it and give a reproduction 我要用它做个模子然后批量生产to everyone who comes to the wedding 赠送给每一位来参加婚礼的and everyone who can't come to the wedding. 和来不了的客人Imagine hundreds of these across the country. 想象一下数百个我们的人偶散布全国No! 不No! No! Absolutely not! 不行不行绝对不行I hate it! It's awful! 我讨厌它太恶心了I knew it! 我就知道I knew it! 我就知道It just shows up in Lily's bath, 它只是恰巧出现在莉莉的浴缸里and then, all of a sudden, the dog has it? 然后突然间又被狗叼走了吗You have it in for this beautiful topper. 你就是故意盯着它不放Look at this. Look at it. Look at it! 你看看你好好看看它Come on, you're all heroic and Paul Bunyan-y, 你一副威风凛凛大块头的样子and I'm -- I'm, like, some sissy man 我呢我就像个娘娘腔with -- with pinkish cheeks and a turned-out heel. 红着脸颊夹着腿It's a caricature. 那只是一种表现形式What matters is what it represents. 重要的是它代表的意义My daddy making this for us 我爸爸为我们亲手制作的means he's accepted us for who we are! 说明他已经接受了我们本来的样子Don't you get that? 你难道不明白吗I never really thought about it that way. 我倒是没有从这个角度想过No. You hadn't. 你确实没有I'm just being sensitive. 我只是有些敏感了I need to have a thicker skin. 我应该神经再大条一点I-I'm really, really sorry. 我真的非常非常抱歉No, don't -- don't -- don't be sorry. 不不用抱歉No. 不用And I -- n-- I don't want something at the wedding 我不希望有你不喜欢的东西that makes you uncomfortable. 出现在婚礼上Well, no, that doesn't seem fair. 不那不太公平I've used up all my vetoes. 我的否决权已经用光了Well, if it -- 如果I guess, if it makes you feel better, 能让你好受一些的话I could give you one more veto -- 我可以再给你加一个否决权if you give me one more, too. 但你也要给我加一个Okay, sure. 好吧当然可以And in the future, 如果以后if there's anything -- 有什么事情The wedding singer. 辞掉婚礼歌手Okay. Thanks, daddy. 好的谢谢爸爸I'll send you the perfect picture to model it on. 我会给你一张非常适合的照片作参考After today, I'm convinced 今天过后我相信了our landfills are 10% hair. 10%的填埋垃圾是头发Oh, yes. 是啊I forgot how exhausting this is. 我都忘记这事这么累人了Well, all we have to do 现在我们只需要is meet the clients back at the apartment, 回公寓去见一下客户and then we can head home. 然后就可以回家了Ay, no. I'm too tired now. 不我现在好累Let's reschedule. 改期吧Really? Again? 真的吗还改Yes. Let's meet them next week. 是啊下周再见吧And besides, we're late for Jay's party. 而且杰的聚会我们已经迟到了Well, I'm not letting you go home looking like this. 我不会让你这个样子回家的You're a little ratty back here. 你头发后面有点乱Ay, no. 是啊No, no, no. I got it. 没事没事我来You just relax. 你放松就好What a day, huh? 今天真是够累的Being back here must bring up a lot of memories. 回到这里一定唤起了你很多回忆Maybe even some emotions. 也许还有一些情绪Yeah. It feels weird. 是啊感觉怪怪的No, weird's an adjective, 怪是一个形容词not an emotion, but go on. 不是一种情绪但你继续说Well, it's just that my life now is so different than before -- 我现在的生活与以前大不相同so much easier. 轻松多了And that makes you feel...? 所以你觉得Good. 很好And also...? 还有呢And bad. 也不好Why? 为什么I don't know. 我也不知道Come on, now, Gloria. 说说吧歌洛莉亚I don't know. 我也不知道I guess it just makes me feel a little ashamed. 我想我只是觉得有些惭愧Now, what in the world do you have to be ashamed of? 为什么会惭愧呢It's just that, you know, 只是你懂的before, when I used to live here, 以前住在这里时I used to work for every penny. 我要努力工作赚钱I would stand on my own two feet. 我全靠自己Now I just stand on expensive shoes 现在我穿着这些昂贵的鞋子that Jay buys for me. 都是杰买给我的Is that why it's so hard to let go of the apartment? 是因为这样才不想卖掉房子吗No, Phil, it's not that -- 不菲尔不是因为这个Gloria. 歌洛莉亚。
P2-3Hello, I’m Zoom. 你好,我是Zoom。
Hi, my name’s Zip. 嗨,我的名字是Zip。
Hello, I’m Mike. 你好,我是麦克。
Hi, I’m Wu Yifan. 嗨,我是吴一凡。
Hello, I’m Chen Jie. What’s your name? 你好,我是陈洁。
你叫什么名字?My name’s Sarah. 我的名字是萨拉。
Goodbye! 再见!Bye, Miss White. 怀特老师,再见。
P4Let’s talkHello! I’m Miss White. 你好!我是怀特老师。
Hello! I’m Wu Yifan. 你好,我是吴一凡。
Hi! I’m Sarah. 嗨!我是Sarah。
Let’s playHello,I’m Liu Xin. 你好,我是刘欣。
Hi, I’m John. 嗨,我是约翰。
P5Let’s learnpencil铅笔pen 钢笔ruler尺子crayon蜡笔eraser橡皮I have a ruler. 我有一把尺子。
I have an eraser. 我有一块橡皮。
Let’s doI have a ruler. Me too. 我有一把尺子,我也是。
I have a pencil. Me too. 我有一支铅笔,我也是。
I have a crayon. Me too. 我有一支蜡笔,我也是。
I have an eraser. Me too. 我有一块橡皮,我也是。
P6Let’s talkHello! I’m Mike. What’s your name? 你好!我是Mike.你叫什么名字?My name’s John. 我的名字叫约翰。
Goodbye! 再见!Bye, Miss White. 怀特老师,再见。
Let’s playWhat’s your name? 你叫什么名字?My name’s Lily. 我的名字叫莉莉。
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我的外语,我的路(姚小平)东北师大等校兼职教授。
无党派。
主要研究兴趣:语言思想史,文化史今天有幸来到贵校,与朋友们交流学习外语的心得。
一说到外语,诸位想必马上就会问:你是学哪一门外语的?是哪个外语专业的?不知有多少次,被这样问过,每一次我都会有些犹豫,不知怎样作答。
如果按学习的年头来计,最早开始学、并且学得时间最长的是英语;况且,因为身在外语学院,一般说来要有一个固定语种的“籍贯”,这样我就被归到英语专业一边,多年来一直是英语专业的研究生导师。
可是,我所译的西学著作,包括商务印书馆出的两本和湖南教育出版社的一本,是从德文直接翻译过来的,有相当的难度,所以学界不少人就以为我出身于德语专业;而如果回到研究生时代,我的第一外语的确就是德语。
但在这之前,在大学里,我却是在俄语系,拿的是俄罗斯语言文学专业的毕业证书和学士学位。
我的外语,学得比较杂,不像外语界多数教授,能够“从一而终”,成为某一门外语的专家。
准确地说,我现在的专业是语言学,而不是哪个外语专业。
我也不是外语教师,而是一个语言学家,即英语所谓“linguist”。
所以,我在这里讲怎样学习外语这个题目,也会穿插着讲一点语言学的知识。
语言学家当然是研究语言的,却不一定要懂很多种语言;会讲很多种语言,那是一种本事,那样的人叫“polyglot”。
但哪怕什么外语也不懂,只会汉语一种,也可以当语言学家(二十世纪以前中国的语言文字学家,或者叫“小学家”,就没有几个通外语的)。
就好比武林豪杰,只要把本门功夫学到家,照样可以打遍天下。
不过,如果能懂一点人家的路数,胜算毕竟多一筹。
同样的道理,多学几种语言,对世界诸语言的感性认识就全面一些,从事理论语言学研究时可以避免以偏概全;特别是,透过语言看到的世界也更加丰富多姿,其中的妙趣难以言表,只有自己才能体味。
一、英语在座诸位想必大部分来自英语专业。
即使不是英语专业的,学德语、日语的朋友,既然在中学里都学了英语,而现在还在当作二外来学,那么肯定也是懂英语的。
所以就让我从英语开始来讲我学外语的故事。
我的英语基本上是自学得来的。
父亲是二十世纪三十年代燕京大学的毕业生,学的是历史。
那时燕京很多课程用英语开设,学生无论读哪一科,都不能不懂英语。
而父亲早年就读于一所教会中学,英语本来就有基础,后来又曾去洋行实习,还在中学、大学教过英语。
可是不知为什么,在文革期间那样空闲的年头,他也没有教过我;就连指点一二这样的事,也记不得是否有过了。
不过,他为我买了不少英文读物、课本、工具书等,有些保留到了现在。
但给我印象最深的,不是这些买来的书,而是父亲自己译的《天方夜谭》(The Thousand and One Nights,现在多称《一千零一夜》)。
那是解放前的版本,书页已经泛黄,封面用布浆过,可惜抄家时被没收了,没能再讨回来。
我最早接触英语,是在1967年进中学之后,所谓“复课闹革命”,就是在那一年。
老师教完二十六个英文字母,便开始领我们读“long live Chairman Mao! A long, long life to Chairman Mao!” 对这样的中式洋话,大家起初还觉得新鲜,但很快就失去了兴趣。
加之英语老师的江浙口音很重,怎么听也像在唱滑稽,而不像是外国话。
不过我还是觉得蛮有意思,而且有一天,我突然对音标着了迷,心想:这东西倒不错,把它掌握了,就能读出每个英文词的音,再学会查字典(这比学音标还要简单!),英语不就学会了么?这是我开始学外语后产生的第一个天真的想法。
于是我抄下几十个国际音标,拿去问父亲,可没想到他一个也读不出来。
他说,他们那时侯根本就没学过这种东西。
他的回答让我非常失望。
这怎么可能呢?不懂音标,怎么能学英语,怎么学好英语呢?那时的我,就是这么幼稚,连音标只是几十年前的发明,而英语却有几千年的历史这个简单的道理,竟然也不明白。
从父亲那里得不到帮助,我只好去找弄堂里一个复兴中学的高中生,向他讨教音标的读法。
靠了他的点拨,费了一番工夫,我终于把音标学会了。
可是一开始,由于老师的关系,也由于缺乏听说的环境,我的发音肯定是很糟糕的,以后听了英语广播,才逐渐纠正过来。
模仿发音的能力想必是一种普遍的语音能力。
一个人如果能够把一种外语的语音语调学得像模像样,那么他学起其它外语或者方言来,多半也能把发音模仿好。
实际上,很多人都具有这种普遍的语音能力,所以能够掌握正确的语音语调,说一口好听的英语。
但也有一些人,怎么都学不像,口音很重。
只要不妨碍理解,语音语调略差些,也没有太大的关系。
就像说普通话,从我们江浙人口中说出来总不免带一点吴音,但一般不会影响交际。
就语言的构造来看,语音终究只是它的外壳,词汇和语法才是实质。
现在人们学英语,面对铺天盖地的教科书和教辅材料,要为怎样选择、鉴别而发愁。
我们那时候却省心,不存在这一问题。
1970年,我随大批上海知青下了乡,来到黑龙江省嫩江县的一个山村,住土坯房,谁土炕,干各种农活。
那是真正的农家生活,整整八年,那样的日子很无奈,也很浪漫。
我的第一本英语教科书是谢大任主编的《医学英语》第四册。
不是因为我喜欢那里面的医学名词,而是因为根本就觅不到别的教科书。
到1972年,上海人民广播电台开办了“广播英语”节目,这样我就可以利用回沪探亲的几个月,跟着电台读英语。
只是那时还没有录音机,返回农村后,便失去了收听广播英语的机会。
好在我有一架不错的收音机,可以收到BBC、VOA、Radio Moscow等许多外台的英语节目。
这架收音机伴随我度过了许许多多个日夜,我的英语听力很大程度上就是它帮我练出来的。
如今常有学生问,“听力应该怎么练?为什么我总是听不懂?”这个问题其实很简单。
如果听力不好,一般说来应该到两个方面找原因。
第一,如果有一篇东西,里面一些关键的词我们不认得,或者对其中的句型不熟悉,语法关系不明了,那么听的时候就时不时会卡壳。
所以,足够的词汇量和句型、语法知识是听力的基础。
也就是说,良好的听力首先取决于熟练阅读。
第二,假如我们读一篇东西,既没有生词,也没有句型语法方面的困难,可是听的时候还是跟不上,反应不过来,那肯定是因为听得太少。
坚持多听、反复听,时间长了自然就能听懂。
我们通过阅读学到的词汇,或者背下来的词,虽然可能记得很牢,但是在听的过程中,要在一瞬间把它们从记忆库里调出来,这不是一件容易的事,需要不断操练。
从听不懂到能听懂,中间会有一个似懂非懂的过程。
这个过程在有些人会长一些,在有些人则短一些。
无论怎样,都不要放弃努力。
保持阅读习惯,扩大阅读面,逐渐聚积词汇,同时坚持经常听。
最好每天都听。
像做任何事情一样,信心非常重要:只要相信自己能听懂,就终有一天能听懂。
某一天你会突然发现,自己在听力上有了一个飞跃。
这是我的切身体会。
经过几年积累,到1975—76年的时候,我看英文的《北京周报》已经很少遇到生词。
可是很长一段时间里,听电台的英语广播,思维却跟不上,明明听起来像是熟悉的词,不是意思想不起来,就是辨不清词与词的关系。
有一阵子,我听英语广播简直上了瘾,整日整夜地听。
因为在农村的最后两年,我得了一份好差事,当了知青集体户的火头军,于是就有更多的时间学外语。
白天做饭、收拾园子时,我总开着收音机;夜晚躺在被窝里,插上耳机,则能听得更专心。
不知有多少回,醒来时发现收音机里还在说话。
常有老乡来串门,好奇地问我总在听些什么,我就说,这是“上海话”。
(要知道,那年头收听外台是要冒风险的,叫做“偷听敌台”,足以被戴上反革命的帽子!)就这样过了许多日子,有一天夜里,我听着听着忽然开了窍,感到聆听广播无非就是在读一本书,词语一个接一个在眼前跳出,呈现为清晰的视觉符号。
能有这种感觉,或许也是因为听和读有着密切的关系吧。
总之,那真正是一次质的飞跃,这之后,虽然仍会有听不懂的时候,但大都已是内容的问题,语言本身的问题不多了。
刚才说,要想听懂英语,词汇量要足够大。
那么,怎样才能更快更牢地记住词汇呢?这也是初学外语者常问的问题。
我想起自己初学的时候,跟大多数学习者一样,也曾为怎样记忆词汇而苦恼,并且也没有什么好的方法,无非是把生词、短语抄在纸片上,每天诵读几遍。
起先我给自己规定了一个量,每天至少背记多少个生词。
凭借年轻时的好记性,一开始按照“指标”强记单词,保持相当的进度并不难。
但到了一定阶段,我发现新词越来越难记,不得不放弃了定指标的做法。
那时并没有象样的教科书,更没有好的读物,于是我便读起英汉词典来;边读边对词语做些归类,比如把谚语归作一类,把惯用语专门抄在一起,把动植物名称、金属名称、亲属称谓等等分别抄录。
这样把词典读过一遍,做了词语摘编之后,脑子里过去零碎分散的词汇像是变得整齐而系统了,相关词语的各种联系也清楚了。
那时分类集中背记过的词汇,有些知道今天还能脱口而出,比如:arthritis(关节炎)appendicitis(阑尾炎)bronchitis(支气管炎)conjunctivitis(结膜炎;沙眼叫trachoma,中文学名是“颗粒性结膜炎”)encephalitis(脑炎)hepatitis(肝炎)meningitis(脑膜炎)nephritis(肾炎)pneumonia(肺炎)pharyngitis(咽喉炎)tetanus(破伤风;俗称lockjaw)tracheitis(气管炎)tuberculosis(结核,特别是指肺结核[pulmonary tuberculosis],TB)那时还没有SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)这个词,否则也就一起背了下来。
人类面对的疾病越来越复杂,所以病的名字也越来越冗长,不好记了!我那样把英语词典当作书来读,现在看来精神足可嘉许,而那行为本身则不足仿效。
现在大家学英语,大可不必再捧着词典啃读;即使有时间、有兴趣读,也不必去做分类摘抄,因为市面上早就有了英语分类词典(thesaurus)。
但不管怎么说,我们学到的词语,存入大脑词库(mental dictionary),想来总是分门别类储藏的,而不会七零八碎胡乱堆积。
只是我们看不见、也意识不到自己脑中的词库是什么样子。
所以,外语学到一定程度,就不妨有意识地把自己的词库清理、归整一番,看看哪些东西磨损(遗忘)得差不多了,需要更新一下;或者还缺哪些东西,及时作些补充。
这样来清理自己的词库,也符合语言学的理论。
语言学上有一种说法,叫语义场(semantic field),意思是,词汇是一个大系统,里面又有许多中小系统、微系统。
词语都是一群一群存在的,意义相关的词,例如上面说的各种疾病的名称,处在同一个语义场中,就好象物理学上的场,磁场、电场、引力场之类,有一种特殊的力量把同属一个场的所有成分捆绑在一起。
语义场是词汇存在的一种方式。