慈利一中2011届高三上学期期末考试历史试题及答案

湖南省慈利一中2010—2011学年度高三上学期期末考试数 学 试 题（文）一、选择题（本大题共八道小题，每道小题5分，共40分） 1．设集合{}2,1=A ，则满足{}3,2,1=B A 的集合B 的个数是 （ ）A ．1B ．3C ．4D ．82．给出下列命题 ：①2x x x ∀∈,≥R ；②2x x x ∃∈,≥R ； ③43≥；④“21x ≠”的充要条件是“1x ≠,或1x ≠-”,其中正确命题的个数是 （ ）A ．0B ．1C ．2 D3．若,4,3a a 为等差数列的连续三项，则0129a a a a +++⋅⋅⋅+的 值为 （ ） A ．1025 B ．1023 C ．1062 D ．20474．按照如图的程序框图执行，若输出结果为15，则M 处条件 为 （ ） A ．16k ≥ B ．8k < C ．16k < D ．8k ≥ 5．等腰Rt ABC ∆中，2A π=，2AB AC ==，M 是BC 的中点， P点在ABC ∆的内部或其边界上运动，则BP AM ⋅的范围是 （ ）A ．[2,0]-B ．[1,2]C ．[2,1]--D ．[1,0]-6．设m 、n 是两条不同的直线，α、β是两个不同的平面，则下列命题中正确的是（ ）A ．若m ∥n ，m ∥α，则n ∥αB ． 若α⊥β，m ∥α，则m ⊥βC ．若α⊥β，m ⊥β，则m ∥αD ．若m ⊥n ，m ⊥α，n ⊥β，则α⊥β7．斜率为2的直线过中心在原点且焦点在x 轴上的双曲线的右焦点，与双曲线的两个交点分别在左、右两只上，则双曲线的离心率的取值范围是 （ ）A ．e >B ．1e <<C ．1e <<D ．e >8．定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足()()4f x f x -=-+，当2x ≥时，()f x 单调递增，如果421>+x x ，且()()12220x x --<，则()()12f x f x +的值为（ ）A ．恒小于0B ．恒大于0C ．可能为0D ．可正可负二、填空题（本大题共7道小题，每道小题5分，共35分）9．已知向量a =（1，2），b =（x,4）,且a ⊥b，则x=10．将函数cos 3y x π⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭的图像向右平移6π个单位后，所得到的图像对应的函数解析式为11．直线02:=--+a y ax l 在x 轴和y 轴上的截距相等，则a 的值是________12．已知某个几何体的三视图如图，根据图中标出的尺寸（单位：cm ），可得这个几何体的体积是13．数阵111213212223313233a a a a a a a a a ⎛⎫ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭每行、每列的数依次均成等比数列，其中222a =，则所有数的乘积为14．若2AB =，AC =，则ABC S ∆的最大值是15．已知椭圆22:13x C y +=的两个焦点为1F 、2F ，点00(,)P x y 满足220001,3x y <+<则12PF PF +的取值范围为 ，直线0013x xy y +=与椭圆C 的公共点的个数为 三、解答题16．（本小题满分12分）在ABC ∆中，角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c ，且,,A B C 成等差数列。

2011学年度第一学期高三期末教学质量诊断历史试卷（三）参考答案一、选择题：二、非选择题：（5题，共75分）36．答到要点即可。

（8分）⑴证据：中世纪前期，西欧城市大多衰败没落，与东亚、西亚等地相比，经济凋敝，明显落后。

中世纪基督教会统治钳制了人们的思想。

（4分）⑵说明：随着城市的复兴，和商品经济的活跃，英法等国形成了等级君主制，对于中世纪早期的政治混乱和割据状态而言具有历史进步意义，推动了社会经济的进一步发展。

14、15世纪，西欧出现了世界上最早的资本主义萌芽。

中世纪西欧文化在各个领域多有建树，对后世产生了相当的影响，特别是大学的兴起，有助于摆脱教会控制，为日后的文艺复兴和宗教改革准备了条件。

（4分）37．有一定的开放性，答到要点即可。

（10分）⑴关系：《朱子教条》是朱熹制定的白鹿洞书院的教规，强调纲常礼教，以及学问思辨，指出了修身、处事、做人的原则。

从内容来看，朱熹已经完成了理学的体系，以“理”作为新儒学的思想体系，将纲常礼教具体化，表述为：父子有亲，君臣有义，夫妇有别，长幼有序，朋友有信。

其它的几条，无不体现了朱熹理学的精髓，以及延续孔孟儒学的传统：言忠信，行笃敬；已所不欲，勿施于人等等。

（6分）⑵影响：《朱子教条》是书院精神的象征，得到统治者的承认与推崇，后来成为天下书院共同遵守的准则。

随着中国儒家思想与文化的传播，它又传播到朝鲜、日本、越南等国，不仅当年奉为学规，至今尚有高校而作为校训者，可见其影响既深且远。

（4分）38．答到要点即可。

（12分）⑴主导原因：欧洲开辟了新航路，拥有广大的殖民地（殖民扩张），欧洲资本主义发展的推动。

（3分）⑵商品交换：①欧洲与非洲、美洲：欧洲与非洲、美洲之间开展三角贸易。

欧洲用制造品换取非洲的奴隶，再用奴隶换取美洲的金银、棉花、烟草、毛皮、鱼。

（2分）②欧洲与中国：欧洲用赚取的金银换取中国的丝绸、茶叶。

（1分）贸易性质：欧洲与非洲、美洲的贸易主要是掠夺性的殖民贸易；欧洲与中国的贸易是正当贸易（2分）。

高三历史参考答案及评分标准 2010—9--21一．选择题：本大题共25小题，每题2分，共50分1——25 ACBBD DBBCD CCAAD BDABC CBBCA二．非选择题：本大题共3小题，共50分26（1）认为妇女再婚正常。

因为官僚贵族子弟争娶兰芝，阿兄（亲属）认可（3分）。

（2）生活困难，难以生存；社会观念鼓励，认为非常荣耀（4分）。

（3）唐朝社会风气相对开放（封建礼教观念不强）；宋明理学发展，强调三纲五常；明清统治者不断强化对妇女守节的推崇和提倡。

（3分）（4）评价：新文化运动的倡导者认为，儒家伦理道德阻碍了民主科学的实现，儒家思想维护君主专制制度，必须摧毁儒家旧道德。

（4分）27.（1）旧制度：中国是封建帝制（或封建君主专制）；美国是英国的殖民统治。

贡献：为美国总统连任不得超两届的制度创立了范例。

事例：发动讨袁的“二次革命”；参加反袁护国运动；发动两次护法运动。

（7分）（2）相同点：政体构建体现三权分立，制约平衡原则（或写出三权分立的具体表现）；司法独立；资产阶级共和国宪法，具有民主性。

不同点：美国宪法打上种族歧视烙印，《临时约法》规定国家主权属于国民全体；美国的共和政体实行总统制，而中国则是责任内阁制（或议会制）。

（7分）（3）对旧制度的扫荡：中国辛亥革命没有彻底推翻中国的封建制度，革命后，以袁世凯为代表的旧势力掌握政权，共和制度名存实亡；美国独立战争取得完全胜利，迫使承认美国的主权独立。

主要政治力量的政见：弱势的革命派主张真正的民主共和，而强势的旧势力实行专制独裁，拒绝民主的《临时约法》；美国的主要政治力量有加强中央权力，稳定新生国家的共同愿望。

（6分）28．（1）态势：主要分布于美国、欧盟与日本为代表的西方发达资本主义国家。

特点：经济全球化是由欧美发达资本主义国家主导的。

（4分）（2）说明：改革开放的中国经济迅速发展，已成为制造业大国；“中国制造”已走向世界，中美经济联系非常密切。

湖南省慈利一中2010—2011学年度高三上学期期末考试英语试题分值：150分时间：120分钟Part I Listening Comprehension （30 marks）Section A （22．5 marks）Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers．For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C．Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question．You will hear each conversation TWICE．Conversation 11．What do you know about Rolex?A．It’s a famous watchmaker．B．It’s a well-known brand of watch．C．It’s a new kind of watch．2．How much did the man pay for is new watch?A．＄90 B．＄19 C．A lot of money．Conversation 23．What did the man do before he went to university?A．He worked at Euro DisneyB．He worded as a cleaner．C．He worded in a paper factory．4．What doe the man think of his job at Euro Disney?A．Terrible B．Interesting C．TiringConversation 35．What do we know about the man?A．He paints the paintings himselfB．He only sells paintingsC．He buys paintings from tourists6．What does the woman know about the tourists?A．They are looking for souvenirs．B．They are in the market．C．They are looking for the man．Conversation 47．What did the man plan to do originally?A．Spend his weekend at his friend’s home．B．Go for a trip with his friends．C．Do some exercise．8．Who will clean the living room?A．The children． B．The woman C．The man9．What dose the woman dislike doing?A．Cleaning the bathroom．B．Working in the kitchen．C．Getting the house in order．Conversation 510．Why does the man complain?A．The woman told him a little too late．B．The woman didn’t get tickets for him．C．The woman didn’t phone to Ja ne．11．What is the problem with the man?A．He hasn’t enough time to see a playB．He is too late for a playC．He can’t get tickets for a play．12．What is the most probable time now?A．7:00 B．7:30 C．8:00Conversation 613．Where does this conversation take place?A．In France．B．In the man’s home．C．In Pierre’s home．14．What are the speakers talking about?A．A person．B．A country C．A tour．15．How often did the man drink wine?A．Sometimes．B．Seldom C．Every day．Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear a mini-talk．Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you’ve got ．Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS．You’ll hear the mini-talk TWICEThe three sons’ plansThe first son wanted to 16．for their mother．The second son wanted to send her the best car with 17．．The third son wanted to send her 18．．which can recited the entire Bible．Their mother’s opinionThe first and the second sons’ gifts were 19．She mistook the third son’s gift for 20．and felt it delicious．Part II Language Knowledge （45 marks）Section A （15 marks）Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence．21．The science park is also ______ home to a growing number of overseas Chinese who have grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at ______ home．A．the; / B．/; / C．a; / D．/; the22．The new restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be a market, is to open soon．A．that B．which C．who D．where23．______ the earth to be flat, many people feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earthA．Being believed B．BelievedC．Having believed D．Believing24．______ a defenseless child, the bad guy was still wanted by the police．A．Attacking B．AttackedC．Having attacked D．To attack25．______ I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you．A．When B．While C．If D．As26．Our English teacher asks us to guess the meaning of the unknown words ______ the context．A．owing to B．due to C．according to D．thanks to27．This group of people ______ a plan for the project of the company．A．drew up B．sent up C．set up D．turn up28．______ at the centre of the city, the club is easy to reach．A．Locating B．Located C．Being located D．Having been located 29．My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared．Who _______ have taken it?A．should B．must C．could D．would30．I had wanted to help you last night b ut I couldn’t spare any time, for I ______ a composition which I have to hand in this morning．A．wrote B．was writing C．had written D．have written31．–Shall we go to the art exhibition right away?– ______．A．It’s your opinion B．I don’t mindC．That’s your decision D．It’s all up to you32．Communication along with information industry ______ an important part in modern times．A．play B．plays C．have played D．are playing33．The hospital has been set up in ______ was a waste land many years ago．A．which B．that C．where D．what34．My wish will come true one day ______ I should buy a big house for my parents．A．how B．that C．where D．which 35．Though the car was bought ten years ago, it is still in good ______．A．situation B．condition C．positionD．caseSection B （18 marks）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．Growing up on a remote Michigan farm, Henry Ford, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, knew little of farming．Like most pioneer farmers, his father, William, hoped that his eldest son would join him on the farm, enable it to expand, and eventually take it 36 ．But Henry proved a 37 ．He hated farm work and did everything he could to 38 it．It was not that he was lazy．39 from it! Give him a mechanical job to do, from mending the hinges （铰链）of a gate to sharpening tools, and he would set to work eagerly．It was the daily life of the farm, with its repetitive tasks, 40 frustrated him．Henry was excited by the development in technology that could free farmers like his father from wasteful and boring labor．But these developments, in Henry’s boyhood, had touched farming 41 at all and farmers went on doing things in the way they had always done．So Henry 42 his attention elsewhere．When he was twelve, he became almost obsessively interested in clocks and watches．Soon he was repairing them for friends, working at a bench he built in his bedroom．In 1876, Henry suffered a serious 43 ．His mother died in childbirth．There was no reason for him to stay on the farm, and he resolved to get away as soon as he could．Three years later, he took a job as a mechanic in Detroit．44 this time steam engines had joined clocks and watches as objects of Henry’s fascination．Making and installing them was the business of the Detroit workshop that he joined at the age of sixteen．A chance meeting with an old co-worker led to a job for Henry as an engineer at the Edison Detroit Electricity Company．45 he quickly learned the ropes of his new job, his interest in fuel engines had come to dominate（占主要地位）his life．Henry learned 46 a slow, painstaking business it was to build an engine by hand from scratch．Every piece of every component had to be fashioned individually, checked and rechecked, and tested．47 the burden, he joined forces with another mechanic, Jim Bishop．Even so, it was two years before they succeeded in building a working car．Henry called it “Quadricycle．”（四轮驱动脚踏车）36．A．away B．down C．over D．off 37．A．success B．discouragement C．surprise D．disappointment38．A．do B．avoid C．work D．make 39．A．Apart B．Far C．Free D．Aside 40．A．that B．which C．what D．where 41．A．almost B．sometimes C．hardly D．always 42．A．drew B．caught C．turned D．attracted 43．A．disease B．blow C．beat D．defeat44．A．At B．After C．In D．By45．A．After B．When C．While D．Because 46．A．how B．what C．why D．where47．A．To ease B．To bear C．To carry D．To placeSection C （12 marks）Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context．There was a tradition in Europe that 48 a dove（鸽）flew around a house where someone was dying, then his soul would be at peace．And there are legends which say that Satan （撒旦）can turn himself into any bird except for a dove．But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when 49 used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949．The rainbow is 50 ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods．In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess 51 brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus．In Scandinavian mythology（神话）the rainbow was a bridge 52 the gods and the earth．In 53 Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people．In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is often taken as a common symbol for marriage．Nowadays the rainbow is 54 used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future 55 promising sunshine after the rain．Part III Reading Comprehension （30 marks）Directions: Read the following three passages．, Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage．AElizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old．One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor．That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century．After writing many letters asking for admission（录取）to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor inPhiladelphia．She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling．In 1849, after graduation from medical school．she decided to further her education in Paris．She wanted to be a surgeon（外科医师）, but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea．Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman．By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women．56．Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?A．She couldn’t get admitted to medical schoolB．She decided to further her education in ParisC．A serious eye problem stopped herD．It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States57．What main obstacle（障碍）almost destroyed Elizabeth’s chances for becoming for a doctor?A．She was a woman．B．She wrote too many letters．C．She couldn’t grad uate from medical school．D．She couldn’t set up her hospital．58．How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital?A．Eight years B．Ten years C．Nineteen years D．Thirty-six years 59．A ccording to the passage, all of the following are “firsts” in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell, except that she ______．A．became the first woman physicianB．was the first woman doctorC．and several other women founded the first hospital for women and childrenD．set up the first medical school for women60．Elizabeth Blackwell spent most of her lift in _______．A．England B．ParisC．the United States D．New York CityBHave you ever suddenly felt that someone you knew was in trouble—and was he? Have you ever dreamed something that came true later? Maybe you have ESP （超感觉知觉）．ESP stands for Extrasensory Perception．It may be called a sixth sense．It seems to let people know about events before they happen, or events that are happening some distance away．Here's an example． A woman was ironing clothes．Suddenly she screamed, "My father isdead! I saw him sitting in the chair!" Just then, a telegram came．The woman's father died of a heart attack．He died sitting in a chair．There are thousands of stories like this one on record．Scientists are studying them to find out what's behind these strange mental messages．Here's another example—one of hundreds of dreams that have come true．A man dreamed he was walking along a road when a horse and carriage came by．The driver said, "There's room for one more．" The man felt the driver seemed dead, so he ran away．The next day, when the man was getting on a crowded bus, the bus driver said, "There's room for one more．"Then the man saw that the driver's face was the same face he had seen in the dream．He wouldn't get on the bus．As the bus drove off, it crashed and burst into flames．Everyone was killed!Some people say stories like these are coincidences．Others, including some scientists, say that ESP is real．From studies of ESP, we may someday learn more about the human mind．61．According to the passage, the author believes that the sixth sense is_________．A．in existence B．imaginative C．not real D．impossible 62．ESP lets people know___________．A．about events before they happenB．about events after they happenC．about events that are happening some distance awayD．A and C63．By studying ESP, scientists may get to_________．A．learn how people tell lies B．know more about human dreamsC．know more about human mind D．learn how strange things happen64．In the last paragraph the underlined word "coincidences" probably means ____．A．things that may not happen B．things that happen in a dreamC．things that must happen D．things that happen by accident65．This article is mainly about_________．A．the human dream B．the sixth senseC．the human mind D．a crowded busCIn every British town, large and small, you will find shops that sell second-hand goods．Sometimes such shops deal mostly in furniture, sometimes in books, sometimes in ornaments （装饰）and household goods, sometimes even in clothes．The furniture may often be "antique", and it may well have changed hands many times．It may also be very valuable, although the most valuable piece will usually go to the London salerooms, where one piece might well be sold for hundreds of thousands of pounds．As you look around these shops and see the polished wood of chests and tables, you cannot help thinking ofthose long-dead hands which polished that wood, of those now-closed eyes which once looked at these pieces with love．The books, too, may be antique and very precious; some may be rare first printings．Often when someone dies or has to move house, his books may all be sold, so that sometimes you may find whole libraries in one shop．On the border between England and Wales, there is a town which has become a huge bookshop as well．Even the cinema and castle have been taken over, and now books have replaced sheep as the town's main trade．There are also much more humble shops, sometimes simply called "junk shops", where you can buy small household pieces very cheaply．Sometimes the profits （利润）from these shops go to charity（慈善事业）．Even these pieces, though, can make you feel sad; you think of those people who once treasured them, but who have moved on to another country or to death．Although the British do not worship（崇拜）their ancestors, they do treasure the past and the things of the past．This is true of houses as well．These days no one knocks them down; they are rebuilt until they are often better than new．In Britain, people do not buy something just because it is new．Old things are treasured for their proven worth; new things have to prove themselves before they are accepted．66．Books found in second-hand book shops may_________．A．be copies of the earliest printings B．be on sale for the first timeC．never be worth very much D．never be rare67．What is the small town on the border between England and Wales famous for?A．Its sheep．B．Its bookshops． C．Its cinema．D．Its castle．68．Second-hand goods sometimes fill you with sadness because_________．A．they are too expensive for average buyersB．they remind you of the original ownersC．they are now forgottenD．they are sold for charity69．The average British person ___________．A．does not respect old things because they are not fashionableB．likes to build new houses simply because it is fashionable to do soC．likes to buy new things because they are fashionableD．does not like to buy things simply because they are fashionable70．What does the underlined word "them" （Paragraph 4）refer to?A．junk shops B．profits from shopsC．old things D．old housesPart 1V Writing （45 marks）Section A （10 marks）Directions: Read the following passage．Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．Sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years, long before dinosaurs appears．There are now about 360 species of sharks, whose size, behavior, and other characteristics differ widely．Sharks range in size from the 6-inch-long dwarf-dog shark to the 60-foot-long whale shark---the world’s biggest fish．The whale sharks, like two other large shark species---the basking shark and the mega mouth shark---are harmless to people because they feed on plants and small aquatic animals．Every year, we catch and kill over 100 million sharks, mostly for food and for their fins．Dried shark fins are used to make shark fin soup, which sells for as much as $50 a bowl in fine Hong Kong restaurants．Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear．Sharks are vulnerable（脆弱的）to overfishing because it takes most species 10 to 15 years to begin reproducing and they produce only a few offspring．While sharks are seen as people-eating monsters, they help save human lives．In addition to providing people with food, they are helping us in cancer．They are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer．A research shows that chemicals extracted from shark cartilage（软骨）have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals ．Their highly effective immune system also allows wounds to heal quickly without becoming infected．Sharks are needed in the world’s ocean ecosystems．Although they don’t need us , we need them．We are much more dangerous to sharks than they are to us．For every shark that bites a person, we kill one million sharks．Section B （10 marks）Directions: Read the following passage, Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage．A punctual（守时的）person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is neverlate in keeping an appointment．The unpunctual man, on one hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time．He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name．A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained．Time is more valuable than material things．In fact, time is life itself．The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset （财产）as well as other’s．The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly．But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it．He knows that he can not get through his huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has to be attended to．Failure to be punctual in keeping one’s appointments i s the sign of disrespect towards others．If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him．Usually this will be regarded as a great disrespect to the host and all other guests present．Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to do one’s duty, whether public or private．Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed time．A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men．81．If one is not punctual, that signifies that he _________．（not more than 10 words）82．According to the passage, what is the main reason that a person is always unpunctual ?（not more than 12 words）83．When should you show up if invited to dinner? （not more than 4 words）84．Based on the passage, when you have something urgent to do and need some help, you should turn to those who are ___________ ．（only 1 word）Section C （25 marks）Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese请你用表格中所给的关键词写一篇关于“考试作弊”的议论文。

一、选择题（本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。

在每小题所给出的四个选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1．小明喜欢看历史剧《烽火戏诸侯》。

这个历史典故讲述了西周时期诸侯国因信守义务，蜂拥而至勤王的故事。

这个典故所反映的政治制度是A．分封制B．宗法制C．郡县制 D．礼乐制度2．为解决贵族之间权力、土地及财产继承上的矛盾，稳定和团结统治集团，西周实行了A. 禅让制 B．分封制 C．集权制 D．宗法制3．西汉初年实行郡国并行制度，然而“时则有叛国而无叛郡，秦制之得亦以明矣”。

这说明A．分封制有利于国家统一B．分封制有利于加强王权C．郡国并行有利于消除内乱D．郡县制有利于国家统一4．“朝为田舍郎，暮登天子堂”是古代中国许多知识分子的追求，隋唐以后他们实现这一理想的主要途径是A．参加科举考试 B．等待朝廷察举 C．投笔从戎戍边D．投作官吏幕僚5、废除丞相制度后，明朝在皇帝和六部之间逐步建立的官制是A、内阁B、军机处C、三司D、枢密院6．古代雅典的民主政治是A. 所有人的民主B. 是所有男性的民主C. 是所有男性公民的民主D. 是部分成年男性公民的民主7．罗马第一部有章可循的成文法是A. 罗马共和国建立B. 公民法出台C.《十二铜表法》发表D. 万民法颁布8．1689年英国《权利法案》开启了近代代议制民主的先河。

该法案旨在限制A．平民的权力 B．商人的权力 C．教会的权力 D．国王的权力9、2008年11月，奥巴马战胜麦凯恩，成为美国历史上第一位黑人总统。

在历史上，黑人在法律上获得与白人同样的公民权应该是A、1787年宪法的规定B、《权利法案》的规定C、南北战争后，宪法修正案的规定D、二战后民权法令的规定10．英、法、美、德等国的代议制各有特点，但核心思想是一致的，即资产阶级通过设立议会，把国家的立法权力掌握在自己手中。

下列对近代西方议会的解读，正确的是A．英国“光荣革命”确立了议会制 B．美国1787年宪法规定总统对国会负责C．法国总统有权解散参、众两院 D．德意志帝国皇帝主宰议会11．下列关于列强在中国获取下列特权的先后顺序是①公使驻京权②协定关税权③设厂权A．①②③ B．③①② C．②①③ D．①③②12．下列文献中，最早提出在中国发展资本主义的是A．《海国图志》 B．《天朝田亩制度》 C．《资政新篇》 D．《中华民国临时约法》13．有人曾对中国近代史上的一场战争发出这样的感慨：“从前我国还只是被西方大国打败过，现在竟被东方的小国打败了，而且失败得那样惨，条约又订得那样苛刻，这是多么大的耻辱啊!”这场战争是A．第一次鸦片战争 B．八国联军侵华战争 C．甲午中日战争 D．第二次鸦片战争14．下列不平等条约中，与香港问题有关的是：①中英《南京条约》②中英《天津条约》③中英《北京条约》④《辛丑条约》A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④15．《辛丑条约》的签定，标志着中国完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会，主要是指A. 中国封建自然经济完全解体B. 中国政治主权完全丧失C. 中国清政府完全成为列强统治中国的工具D. 中国的领土完全为列强所瓜分16．孙中山先生主张“推翻满清，再造中华”，其革命思想是下列哪一主义的体现A．民族 B．民权 C．民主 D．民主17．某地拟建辛亥革命纪念馆，以纪念在辛亥年间首先发动的反清武装起义等事，这一地点应该是A．广东广州 B．江苏南京 C．日本东京 D．湖北武昌18、1919年北京政府教育部主事的条陈中写道：“此次罢学风潮，近因由政治问题发生。

高三历史参考答案26、（１）特点：晋商具有积极的进取精神；具有强烈的商业意识；具有勤奋、不怕吃苦的精神；重视商业信誉；重视商业情报的收集；注重对经营策略的调整。

（任意４点４分）（２）来源广泛，主要从事海外贸易；从事长途贩运贸易；单纯从事商业，与政治联系较少。

（３分）（３）商业流通发展，国内市场扩大；大量使用白银，商业资本日趋活跃；出现了全国性工商业市镇；出现了区域性商人群体。

（４分）27.（1）经济思想：前者主张重农抑商，后者主张工商皆本。

社会根源：战国时期封建社会形成；明清之际商品经济发展，资本主义萌芽产生。

（4分）（2）异：郑观应主张以商立国；张謇主张以工立国，重点发展棉、铁工业。

同：都主张抵制西方列强的经济侵略。

（2分）（3）变化：由贸易保护主义政策发展为贸易自由主义政策。

（2分）原因：工业革命基本完成；工业资产阶级分享国家政权；工人群众的支持。

（3分）（4）必须根据时代的发展和具体的国情制定本国的经济政策。

（2分）28、（1）欧洲思想家借用儒家文化为启发民智和解放思想提供理论基础；（2分）儒学不是宗教，伏尔泰借儒学抨击天主教会（2分）；借科举制抨击等级制度。

（2分）（2）同：都强调人与人、国与国之间以和平友好相互尊重为原则(言之成理可酌情冶分)。

（2分）异：联合国宪章强调以法律、国际机构来保障上述目的；（2分）中国传统文更多是以强化道德来引导人和国家的行为。

（2分）（3）独立自主的和平外交；和平共处五项原则（4分）三、探究题（10分）29、（1）北魏时期：民族矛盾十分尖锐，奴隶制的野蛮性、落后性强。

北宋时期：出现了三冗局面，国家积贫积弱。

（2分）孝文帝：实行均田制；迁都洛阳，接受汉族的先进文化，消除民族隔阂。

王安石：实行青苗法、募役法、农田水利法、方田均税法等，解决财政困难；实行保甲法、保马法、将兵法，改变积弱局面（4分）（2）原因：北魏：国家强制推行的力度大，顺应历史潮流等。

北宋：保守势力强大，神宗死后，变法失去了有力的支持等。

湖南省张家界市慈利第一中学2020年高一历史月考试卷含解析一、选择题（每小题2分，共60分）1. 近代以来法国共产生了16部宪法，其中在1789～1875年的近90年内，法国平均每7年更换一部宪法，1875年法兰西第三共和国宪法通过后近70年一直未改变，这反映了A.启蒙运动使法国思想极其活跃B.经济的发展导致政治力量多元C.法兰西共和之路历程非常艰难D.外国干涉频繁打断民主化进程参考答案：C根据材料“90年内更换12部宪法”可知法国宪法的频繁更迭说明法国国内各种势力较量的激烈，法国1875年宪法最终确立了共和政体，从而表明法国在走向共和的历程非常艰难， C项正确。

A B D 三项只是强调宪法变更的原因，排除。

所以选C2. 2014年，又逢甲午。

120年前的7月，中日甲午战争爆发。

这场战争的结果使中日两国自此国运殊途。

面对危局，清朝政府于1896年下令“多以广开矿产为方今济急要图，当通谕各省将军督抚，体察各省情形，酌度办法具奏”。

这一谕令反映出当时清朝政府A.应对时局，放宽对民间设厂的限制B.出卖矿产资源，维护列强在华利益C.思想保守，阻碍了民族工业的发展D.强化中央集权，加强对地方的控制参考答案：参考答案：A试题分析：本题考查晚清中国经济结构的变化和民族工业的兴起，旨在考查学生解读信息，调动所学知识解决问题的能力。

1896年，甲午中日战争结束后，民族危机加深，清政府“多以广开矿产”为首要任务，可见其放宽了对民间设厂的限制，A项正确。

材料未体现清政府出卖矿产资源，B项排除。

C 和D项与材料无关，两项均排除。

3. 某学者在分析某一重大历史事件产生时这样论述：“此举若成功，王权的扩张就会被阻止，而‘自由’又不需要再呼唤一个克伦威尔。

”该历史事件是A.资产阶级革命爆发B.光荣革命爆发C.1832年的议会改革D.责任内阁制形成参考答案：B【详解】根据题目材料“权的扩张就会被阻止，而‘自由’又不需要再呼唤一个克伦威尔”并结合所学知识可知，材料显示这件事发生在克伦威尔（1599—1658)之后且结果是限制了王权，1688年光荣革命后的第二年英国议会颁布了限制国王权利的《权利法案》，选项符合题意，故B正确；根据题目材料“自由又不需要再呼唤一个克伦威尔”可知，该历史事件发生在克伦威尔执政以后，而英国资产阶级革命爆发于克伦威尔执政之前，选项不符合题意，故A错误；1832年议会改革是英国议会成为国家最高权力机关，新兴工业资产阶级为维护自身利益，强烈要求参与国家管理，工业资产阶级首次进入议会，这是英国向资产阶级民主政治迈出的重要一步，这和题目材料表达的意思无关，选项不符合题意，故C错误；题目材料反映的是光荣革命后英国确立了君主立宪制政体，而“责任内阁制形成”则是在英国君主立宪制确立之后，选项不符合题意，故D错误。

一、选择题(本大题共25小题,每小题2分，共50分。

在每小题所给出的四个选项中,只有一个最符合题意)1、八月十五是中秋佳节，“人月两圆"是深藏于每一个中国人心中的情结.追根溯源，下列制度与这种渴望团圆情结的形成有密切关系的是2。

中国早期政治制度的特点是“家”和“国”紧密结合在一起,在古代中国的政治制度演变过程中，对这种家国一体的政治造成冲击的有①宗法制；②郡县制；③三省六部制；④科举制A. ①②③B。

②③④C。

①③④ D.①②④3.《礼记·表记》说：“夏道尊命，殷人尊神，周人尊礼。

”对周人“尊礼”理解正确的是A.否定天命神权，重视伦理道德B.以礼乐制度维护宗法分封制度C。

以人为本，创立完整的礼仪制度 D.反对暴政,以儒家思想治理天下4．西周时期，一位诸侯王娶了一位妻子，这位妻子为他生了一个女儿，后来又娶了一个妾，该妾为他生了大儿子，后来妻子又为他生了二儿子，妾为他生了三儿子，当该诸侯死后，继承他爵位的应是A、女儿B、大儿子C、二儿子D、三儿子5。

“唐、宋之间仅相隔短短半个世纪的分裂，已成为中国以后历史的模式。

国家再也没有像在汉朝崩溃以后那样,经历长达数世纪的混乱局面。

其原因是,自唐朝起，中国文明规模巨大,根深蒂固,不可能形成长期分裂的状态。

……中国人自己认为分裂和随之而来的混乱是反常的、不幸的。

有句古话说道：‘犹如一个天空不能有两个太阳，中国不能有两个国家或两个皇帝。

”对此解读正确的是A。

隋唐中央集权制度的完善消除了地方分裂割据的政治基础B。

经济的发展和各地经济联系的加强消除了割据的经济基础C.“大一统”民族心理及对稳定的孜孜追求使分裂局面不能长久D。

君权神授和专制主义的极端加强对维护国家统一作用巨大6. 据《南台备要》记载：“江浙省……调兵剿捕之际,行省官凡有轻重事务,若是一一咨禀，诚恐缓不及事。

……（如今)凡有调遣军情重事及创动官钱，不须咨禀，……交他每（们）从便区处。

”这段材料可以反映出元代的江浙行省A。

湖南省慈利一中2010—2011学年度高三上学期期末考试化 学 试 题考生注意：1．本试卷分Ⅰ、Ⅱ两卷满分100分，时量90分钟。

2．可能用到的原子量：H: 1 C:12 Na:23 O:16 K:39 N:14Ⅰ卷一、选择题（每小题只有一个符合题意的选项，每小题3分共计48分）1．铋（Bi ）在医药方面有重要应用。

下列关于Bi 20983和Bi 21083的说法正确的是 （ ）A ．Bi 20983和Bi 21083是同一种核素B ．Bi 20983和Bi 21083的中子数相同C ．Bi 20983和Bi 21083互称为同位素D ．Bi 20983和Bi 21083的质量数相同2．化学与生活、社会密切相关。

下列说法不正确．．．的是 （ ）A ．利用太阳能等清洁能源代替化石燃料，有利于节约资源、保护环境B ．凡含有食品添加剂的食物对人体健康均有害，不可食用C ．为防止电池中的重金属等污染土壤和水体，应积极开发废电池的综合利用技术D ．提倡人们购物时不用塑料袋，是为了防止白色污染3．以N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法正确的是 （ ）A ．0．1mol Fe 与足量盐酸反应，转移的电子数为0．3N AB ．28gCO 中所含的原子数为2N AC ．0．1mol/LNa 2CO 3溶液中，含有CO 32— 数为0．1N AD ．标况下，22．4L 苯的分子数为N A4．在pH=0的溶液中，能大量共存的离子组是 （ ）A ．Na +、Mg 2+、NO 3－、SO 42－B ．K +、Ca 2+、CH 3COO －、HCO 3－C ．Fe 2+、Na +、 Cl －、 NO 3－D ．Ba 2+、AlO 2－、K +、SO 42－5．配制100mL 1mol/L NaCl 溶液，下列操作中错误的是 （ ）A ．在托盘天平上放两片大小一样的纸，然后将氯化钠放在纸片上称量B ．把称得的氯化钠放入盛有适量蒸馏水的烧杯中，溶解、冷却，再把溶液移入容量瓶中C ．用蒸馏水洗涤烧杯、玻璃棒2～3次，洗涤液也移入容量瓶中D ．沿玻璃棒往容量瓶中加入蒸馏水，直至溶液凹液面恰好与刻度线相切6．下列各组给定原子序数的元素，不能．．形成原子数之比为1：1的稳定化合物是 （ ）A ．3和17 B ．1和8 C ．1和6 D ．7和127．可溶性化合物A 、B 、C 由下表中离子组合而成（每种离子只存在于一种化合物中）。

某某省2011届高三各地模拟历史试题汇编：选修4、中外历史人物评说一、选择题（本大题共11小题，共0分）1．（2011年3月某某市一模15题）下列有关康熙帝维护国家统一和主权的措施，时序排列正确的是（）①平定三藩之乱②统一某某③乌兰布通战役打败噶尔丹④与沙俄签订《尼布楚条约》A．①②③④ B．②①④③ C．①②④③ D．①④②③2．（2011年某某八校联考5题）针对春秋时期鲁国季氏大夫跳“八佾舞”，孔子表示反对，主X“克己复礼”，其实质是（）A．提高个人修养 B．维护传统礼制C．扭转天下乱局 D．规X人际交往3．（2011年某某八校联考6题）2010年9月28日，某某省阆中市城北中学2000余名师生及学生家长隆重集会，纪念我国古代伟大的思想家、教育家、儒家学派创始人孔子诞辰2561周年。

作为我国历史上影响最大的教育家，孔子对推动我国古代文化教育向平民化发展所作出的最大贡献是（）A．“知之为知之”的学习态度 B．“温故知新”的学习方法C．“有教无类”的办学思想 D．“因材施教”的教育方法4．（2010年11月某某外国语学校高三月考11题）亚里士多德在《政治学》中认为，世上有两种形式的平等，即数量平等和比值平等。

数量平等是绝对平均主义，比值平等则是根据个人的实际价值，按比例分配与之相称的事物。

根据以上观点，通常所说的“分数面前人人平等”应该是（）A．更接近于数量平等 B．更接近于比值平等C．数量平等高于比值平等 D．既非数量平等又非比值平等5．（2010年10月某某某某十校高三联考13题）列宁在评价恩格斯的无私精神时指出，“他为天才的朋友树立了一块永不磨灭的纪念碑。

无意间，他的名字也被镌刻在了上面。

”你认为这块永不磨灭的纪念碑是A.《共产党宣言》B.《德意志意识形态》C.《神圣家族》D.《资本论》6．（2011年某某八校联考4题）《论语•里仁》中提到“君子喻于义，小人喻于利”，关于这一思想的评述，不正确（不符合当时社会状况）的一项是（）A．其轻利倾向不利于商品经济的发展 B．符合君主专制的政治需要C．有利于培养高尚的节操 D．反映了儒家的道德观念7．（2011年5月某某二模16题）康熙帝一直被誉为康乾盛世的开创者。