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中央党校马克思主义理论骨干人才培养计划思想政治教育专业考博报考分析-育明考博一、中共中央党校思想政治教育专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试内容复试内容思想政治教育0305054人①1111英语（1112日语1113俄语）②2801马克思主义基本理论(含原著)③3801马克思主义理论综合考试面试：主要考查考生对马克思主义经典著作的掌握情况，综合运用所学知识的能力、科研创新能力、对本学科前沿领域及最新研究动态的掌握情况，以及外国语的听、说、读能力。
育明考博辅导中心杜老师解析：1、中共中央党校思想政治教育专业考博的报录比平均在10:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有四位导师：戴焰军、刘建军、张晓燕、宋福范3、本专业共有一个研究方向：思想政治教育4、中共中央党校马克思主义理论骨干人才培养计划博士研究生招生对象主要是高等学校、各级党校在职在编人员，党政机关从事理论研究和思想宣传工作的在职在编人员，以及新闻出版部门从事理论研究和思想宣传工作的在职在编人员。
5、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
育明教育考博分校针对中共中央党校马克思主义中国化专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（中共中央党校考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三二四一二二六）二、中共中央党校思想政治教育专业考博部分参考书1、《思想政治工作学教程》张蔚萍主编，中共党史出版社2004年4月第一版。
2、《毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民论思想政治工作》，学习出版社2000年版3、1994年以来党中央关于思想政治工作的重要文献。
武汉大学 2008 年博士研究生入学考试试题马克思主义思想政治教育原著选读1、试论述“凡属于思想性质的问题，凡属于人民内部的争论问题，只能用民主的方法去解决，只能用讨论的方法、批评的方法、说服教育的方法去解决，而不能用强制的，压服的方法去解决。
”试述正确处理人民内部矛盾。
（30 分）2、试分析列宁的“工人阶级本来也不可能有社会主义民主主义意识。
这种意识只能从外面灌输进去。
”试述“灌输”理论。
（ 30 分）3、论述马克思主义“人的本质”理论，以及对正确加快人的社会化的影响。
马克思主义人的本质理论是什么？如何促进人的社会化？（40 分）思想政治教育理论与方法1、试论述推进当代中国马克思主义大众化。
如何推进当代中国马克思主义大众化？（30 分）2、试论述心理咨询的思想政治教育价值及其实现。
心理疏导的思想政治教育价值的实现。
（ 30 分）3、阐述国家文化软实力的科学内涵及其提升。
国家文化软实力的科学内涵和提升的措施。
（40 分）武汉大学 2010 年思想政治教育专业考博真题科目一：马克思主义思想政治教育经典原著选读（共三题）1、为什么说马克思列宁主义的基本原则就是要使群众认识自己的利益并且团结起来为自己的利益而奋斗？（ 30 分）2、为什么说思想掌握群众是精神变物质的先决条件？（30 分）3、恩格斯曾经指出 : “就个别人来说 , 他的行动的一切动力 , 都一定要通过他的头脑 , 一定要转变为他的意志的动机 , 才能使他行动起来。
”为什么？循此如何增强人们的精神动力？（ 40 分）科目二：思想政治教育原理与方法（共三题）1、论科学建构思想政治教育主客体关系的意义及其重点。
（30 分）2、为什么说人们思想的形成是客观反映和主观建构的统一？（30 分）3、论全球思想文化交流交融交锋的新特点及其对思想政治教育提出的新课题。
（40 分）答题心得体会：1、夯实学科理论的基础知识（如思想政治教育主体及其争论焦点；精神鼓励与物质鼓励相结合的原则）；2、关注出题教师的研究兴趣（如骆郁廷老师的学术专长和研究偏好——《精神动力论》，精神力量与物质力量之间的关系）；3、掌握学科研究的前沿动向（如提升文化软实力；马克思主义大众化、中国化、时代化）。
马哲原理1、试论马克思主义的哲学观。
（40分）2、试论马克思主义哲学的批判的革命的本质及其现实意义。
（30分）3、试论马克思恩格斯关于社会公平的思想。
（30分）原者1、“人们自己创造自己的历史，但他们并不是随心所欲的创造自己的历史……”请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。
（15分）2、人的思维的至上性与非至上性……真理与谬误的……”请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。
（15分）3、认识由感性到理性……从现象到本质，再到更深刻的本质”（关于现象和本质的那段话）请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。
（15分）4、认识和实践……”（关于实践和认识无限反复循环的一段话）请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。
（15分）5、试论恩格斯在马克思主义哲学创立过程中的地位和作用。
（20分）6、试论马克思恩格斯关于政治解放和人类解放的关系的思想。
（区别和联系）（20分）08年马哲原理：1•试述费尔巴哈和马克思关于人的论述。
2.阐述实践标准的确定性和不确定性的论述，并谈谈其现实意义。
3 •试论述历史规律的客观性及其特点。
马哲史：1•“人体解剖是猴体解剖的一把钥匙……” 一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。
2•“我们不能得意于对自然界的胜利……” 一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。
3•“考察的客观性。
”要求说出出处、含义和意义。
4•“使马克思主义哲学具有中国风格、中国气派” 一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。
04年马哲原理1、如何从哲学角度理解社会发展。
2、实践在现实生活中的超越意义。
原者1、《提纲》的伟大变革。
2、列宁三者统一思想。
3、毛泽东《实践论》《反对本本主义》《人的正确思想从哪里来》的内在联系。
05年马哲原理1、马克思主义中国化特点、主要经验及其意义。
2、和谐社会的哲学基础。
3、人与社会矛盾的当代特点及出路。
原者1、《提纲》第二条。
2、《政治经济学批判序言》两个“不会”“必然”。
3、《终结》“过程集合体”。
4、列宁《谈谈辩证法问题》最后一段“唯心主义的认识论根源”。
2004适用专业考试科目民商法学法学基础法理学试题（共50分）（一）名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1，公法 2，法律行为 3，法系 4，目的解释 5，法律程序（二）权利义务在法律中的地位是怎样的？（10分）（三）如何认识法律对于经济秩序的维护？（10分）（四）论述法治的实质要件。
（15分）宪法学试题（共50分）（一）名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1，宪法体系2，人民代表大会制度3，违宪审查4，宪法修改5，特别行政区（二）选举制度的基本原则是什么？（10分）（三）简述宪法实施的原则。
（10分）（四）论述宪政的特征。
（15分）民事诉讼法试题（共50分）（一）名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1，民事诉讼2，诉权3，财产保全4，督促程序5，申请执行（二）一般地域管辖、特殊地域管辖、专属管辖各自的性质是什么？它们之间在适用上为何种关系？（10分）（三）什么叫证明责任倒置？哪些案件适用证明责任倒置？（10分）（四）论民事判决的效力。
（15分）2005适用专业考试科目民商法学法学基础一，法理学试题（50分）（一）名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1，法律体系2，法律移植3，守法4，法律推理5，法律文化（二）简述法律行为的特征。
（10分)（三）简述法产生的一般过程和具体规律。
（10分）（四）简述法对效率的促进作用（15分）二，宪法学试题（50分)（一）名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1，宪法制定2，宪法监督3，政权组织形式4，政治权利5，选区（二）简述宪法与一般普通法律的区别（10分）（三）简述公民的基本义务。
（10分）（四）简述全国人大常委会的职权（10分）三，民事诉讼法试题（50分）（一）名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1，民事诉讼模式2，送达3，公示催告程序4，缺席判决5，执行竞合（二）简述诉讼标的的功能（10分）（三）无需证明的事实包括哪些？（10分）（四）简述当事人申请再审的条件。
（10分）2006适用专业考试科目诉讼法学、民商法学、宪法与行政法学理论法学法理学部分一、名词解释（每题5分）1，行政权力与消极义务2，法律行为3，法律程序4，法律论证5，法的局限性二、简答题（每题12分）1，如何理解法是统治阶级意志的体现。
贵州师范大学2020年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：思想政治教育学科目代码：3010考试时间：月日（注：特别提醒所有答案一律写在答题纸上，直接写在试题或草稿纸上的无效！）——————————————————————————————————一.名词解释1、思想政治教育2、思想品德结构3、理论教育法4、思想政治教育的渗透原则三、简答题1、人的思想品德形成与发展有哪些影响因素？2、思想政治教育如何运用榜样教育法？3、如何优化校园文化环境建设？4、简述层次原则及其运用四、论述题1、在改革开放的环境下如何加强青年学生的思想政治教育？2、谈谈你心目中的理想人格二、名词解释1、思想政治教育是指社会或社会群体用一定的思想观念、政治观点、道德规范，对其成员施加有目的、有计划、有组织的影响，使他们形成符合一定社会或一定阶级所需要的思想品德的社会实践活动。
2、思想品德结构是指构成人的思想品德的各个要素相互联系、相互作用的方式。
具体而言，思想品德结构是一个以世界观为核心、由心理、思想和行为三个子系统的多种要素构成的具有稳定倾向性的整体。
3、理论教育法又称灌输教育法，是由教育者有目的、有计划地向受教育者传授马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论，帮助受教育者逐步树立科学的世界观、人生观、价值观，提高其思想觉悟和政治素质的一种教育方法。
其特点是以理服人，使人心悦诚服。
4、思想政治教育的渗透原则，是指思想政治教育要遵循人的思想“综合影响”形成和“渐次发展”规律，融入到各种教育因素及方式中，以循序渐进和潜移默化的状态进行。
三、简答题1、答：人的思想品德形成与发展是指个体思想品德在演化过程中不断获得新品质的过程。
个体自身的因素及其包括思想政治教育在内的外部因素，都参与了这个过程，对思想品德的形成与发展产生各自不同和影响。
个体自身的因素包括人的自身状态如人生观、价值观和身心其他方面的情况是影响思想品德的最重要因素。
外部因素包括：第一，社会的经济制度及其经济生活条件、政治制度及其社会的政治生活状况、社会文化及其文化活动。
河北大学2012年博士研究生入学考试英语试题（基础部分）注意事项：所有答案必须答在答题纸上，答在本试题纸上无效。
I Vocabulary(10points)DIRECTIONS:From the four choices beneath each sentence,choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1.The vacuum cleaner is a valuable labor-saving______.A.deviceB.engineC.pieceD.instrument2.The flight was postponed because of technical problems and was finally canceled last week when a______ was discovered.A.delayB.defectC.damageD.defeat3.When she was crossing the road,she was knocked down by a motor-car and lay______by the roadside.A.asleepB.thoughtless C unconscious D.unaware4.The novels he has written have shown his______ability as an author.A.literalB.literallyC.literatureD.literary5.The reader is urged to be a leader,rather than a follower;to rely on his own power,rather than to______.rmB.conformC.deformD.reform6.He would much______it if you could do him the favor.A.awardB.applyC.appreciateD.anticipate7.If our______is correct,then the space-craft should reach the moon on Monday.A.calculationpositionmunicationD.vision8.San Francisco's Chinese community,comprising67,000______,is the largest concentration of Chineseoutside of Asia.A.visitorsB.workersC.adultsD.inhabitants9.We didn't catch the train on______of the traffic congestion.A.basisB.chargeC.accountD.behalf10.Though he has suffered from cancer for so many years,it is so strange that he has______to the present day.A.deprivedB.survivedC.derivedD.revivedII Grammar(10points)DIRECTIONS:In this part,there are four choices beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.11)Greatly agitated,I rushed to the apartment and tried the door,_____to find it locked from inside.A.justB.only C hence D.thus12)That trumpet player was certainty noisy,but I wasn't bothered by his loudness____by his lack of talent.A.so much asB.rather thanC.as long asD.other than13)Church as we use the word refers to all religious institution,_____they Christian,Islamic,Buddhist, Jewish,and so on.A.beB.beingC.wereD.are14)The government has promised to do_______lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken areaA.howeverB.whicheverC.whateverD.wherever15)If not______with the respect he feels due to him,Jack usually gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.A.being treatedB.having been treated C treated D.be treated16)Good news was released prematurely,with the British recapture of the port________half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.A.to announceB.announcedC.announcingD.was announced17)According to one belief,if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent,so one______wait instead of searching for it.A.would ratherB.had toC.cannot butD.had best18)There was no sign that Mr.Jospin,who keeps a firm control on the party despite_____from leadership of it,would intervene personalty.A.being resignedB.having resigned C going to resign D.resign19)The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is______an anonymous,statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.A.everything exceptB.anything butC.no less thanD.nothing more than20)One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match,and_______this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.A.byB.inC.forD.with三、完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最合适的一项并将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不得分。
目 录2015年河北大学642马克思主义哲学原理考研真题2014年河北大学642马克思主义哲学原理考研真题2013年河北大学642马克思主义哲学原理考研真题2012年河北大学642马克思主义哲学原理考研真题2011年河北大学马克思主义哲学原理考研真题2010年河北大学601马克思主义哲学原理考研真题2009年河北大学马克思主义哲学原理考研真题2008年河北大学马克思主义哲学原理考研真题2015年河北大学642马克思主义哲学原理考研真题河北大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试卷_卷掬，PB]逾用寿业.考试科目代码考就斗目卷蜡%克崽｝州学、\>m学、伦理学、避辑学642马克思主义督学淳■涯粘别磨叫!：答案仲阳1日虚提供的答题纸上，答在本试卷纸及其他纸上无效一-、名词解野（共40分，每题E分，答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。
1.社公愈诅上客观真理1辩的：思维’....•L发展5.实践理念\:、简答题（共60分，每颛15分』答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效二L简述哲学是时代^抻的精华。
七■<，2.简-述人的本质，:，简述历史是人的活动的总和。
:.说明作理性因素在认识辩证运部中的作用。
三'论述题。
槌0分，每题25分。
答案~律写在答题纸上，否SW无效h论号克思K义哲学是革命的批判的哲学.二论件会仃机系统的演进是•个自然历史过程*]木钛他供I页，此页是第2014年河北大学642马克思主义哲学原理考研真题河北大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试卷卷别=I*I考试科代代妈号试科H名称特别声明：答案-律答在辱点提供的答题纸匕答在本试卷纸及其他纸上无效,一，捋密根e念。
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目录2007年河北大学教育学院621教与学的基本理论考研真题 (4)2008年河北大学教育学院教与学的基本理论考研真题 (5)2009年河北大学教育学院教与学的基本理论考研真题 (6)2010年河北大学教育学院624教与学的基本理论考研真题 (9)2012年河北大学教育学院608教与学的基本理论考研真题 (11)2013年河北大学教育学院658教与学的理论考研真题 (13)2014年河北大学教育学院658教与学的基本理论考研真题 (17)2015年河北大学教育学院658教与学的基本理论考研真题 (18)2016年河北大学教育学院658教与学的基本理论考研真题 (19)2017年河北大学教育学院658教与学的基本理论考研真题 (21)2017年河北大学教育学院658教与学的基本理论考研真题及详解 (23)2018年河北大学教育学院658教与学的基本理论考研真题 (33)说明：2007年考试科目代码和名称为621教与学的基本理论，2010年为624教与学的基本理论，2012年为608教与学的基本理论，2013年为658教与学的理论，2014年起改为658教与学的基本理论。
2007年河北大学教育学院621教与学的基本理论考研真题2010年河北大学教育学院624教与学的基本理论考研真题2012年河北大学教育学院608教与学的基本理论考研真题2013年河北大学教育学院658教与学的理论考研真题2017年河北大学教育学院658教与学的基本理论考研真题第一部分一、名词解释（共20分，每题5分）1．教育功能2．学校教育制度3．课堂教学设计4．形成性评价二、简答题（共40分，每题8分）1．简答教育的要素及其之间的关系。
2．简答农业社会的教育特征有哪些？3．如何正确理解我国教育目的中的“全面发展”？4．现代教师的专业素质包括哪些内容？5．学科中心主义课程论的弊端表现在哪些方面？三、论述题（共15分）阅读下面案例，并回答后面的问题：澳大利亚某小学进行了一次教改试验，试验班为六年级30名学生，教师名字叫安，当前要进行的教学内容是关于奥林匹克运动会。
河北大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试卷Listening ComprehensionDirections:In this section,you will hear10short conversations.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A,B,C and D,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a line through the center.1.A)On the high way.B)At a managers’conference.C)In a supermarket.D)At a track meet.2.A)The woman should leave the television on.B)The woman should watch the program too.C)The program will be over soon.D)The watch is on the top of the television.3.A)He needs to sleep for three or four hours.B)He wants to buy a set of coffee cups.C)He will need more than one cup of coffee.D)He has been wide awake for some time.4.A)The woman rejected the man’s apology.B)The man had hurt the woman’s feelings.C)The man had forgotten the whole thing.D)The woman appreciated the man s offer.5.A)The man is seeing the woman off.B)They are discussing their plan for Christmas.C)The woman is meeting the man at the airport.D)They are complaining the poor airport service.6.A)She has no desire to teach.B)She will graduate after the man does.C)She likes all her teachers equally.D)She has no idea where graduation will be held.7.A)He needs another job as research assistant.B)He is doing research with Professor Williams.C)He asked Professor Williams for assistance.D)He assists Professor Williams with his teaching.8.A)The show was planned a long time ago.B)She thought there were no tickets left for the show.C)The audience were deeply impressed by the show.D)She thought the seats on the left side were fully occupied.9.A)Julie moved to a new address a week ago.B)Julie misses her family very much.C)They should pay Julie a visit.D)They should stop seeing Julie.10.A)In a school.B)In a barbershop.C)In a clothing store.D)In a bank.Part I Vocabulary and Structure(20points)I.Each of the following sentences has an underlined word or phrase.Below which sentence are four other words or phrases,marked A,B,C,and D.You are to choose the ONE word or phrase which,if substituted for the underlined word or phrase,would best keep the meaning of the original sentence.(10points)1.She was embarrassed by her friend's bad manners.A:ashamed because of B:endangered by C:amazed at D:challenged2.Archaeological discoveries strengthened the hypothesis that Troy existed.A.assumptionB.propositionC.idealD.concept3.The substance of an education is its effect on your life,and is not just the ability to pass the life.A:purport B:nature C:essence D.feature4.The people in the room were shocked by his blasphemous language.A:exaggerative B:offensive C:boastful D:thrilling5.He found the old house in complete desolation.A:distinction B:devastation C:disposition D:disillusion6.His remark are always succinct.A:witty B:brief C:instructive D:humorous7.I resent his hypocritical posing as a friend for he is interested only in his own advancement.A:selfish B:ugly C:deceptive D:frank.8.He manned to keep an earnest expression on his face even though he wanted to smile.A:a dramatic B:a neutral C:a serious D:an annoyed9.The merit of a sales tax is that it decreases government reliance on income taxes.A:imposition B:surplus C:virtue D:interaction10.Few disputes between neighbors can not be settled outside the courtroom.A:apologies B:bills C:anxieties D:argumentsII.For each of the following incomplete sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.You are to choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.(10points)k proteins______for their high nutritional content.A:valued B:is valued C:are valued D:are to be valued12.I insist on______this small present as a token of my appreciationA:you to accept B:your accepting C:you accepting D:you accept13.____a raining day,we gave up our plan to go for an outing.A:With it B:with C:Being D:It being14.______the conclusion of each theatrical production,the cast customarily reappears before the audience to take a bow.A:Out B:Before C:At D:In15.Some areas,______their severe weather conditions are sparsely populated.A:due to B:in spite of C:but for D:with regard to16.I enjoyed the movie very much.I wish I______the book from which it was made.A:have read B:had read C:should have read D:am reading17.There is no rule______has exceptions.A:but B:that C:which D:unless18.It was presumed that he was dead;then one day he______in Italy.A:turned on B:turned up C:turned round D:turned out19.The chemical composition of sandstone is the same as______.A:that of sand B:that sand is C:sand is that D:what of sand20.The phenomena______observed by astronomers throughout the world.Part II Reading Comprehension(15points)Directions:There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions1to5are based on the following passage.One of the major problems of nuclear energy is the inability of scientists to discover a safe way to dispose of the radioactive wastes which occur throughout the nuclear process.Many of these wastes remain dangerously active for tens thousands of years,while others have a life span closer to a quarter of a million years.Various methods have been used to date,but all have revealed weaknesses,forcing scientists to continue their search.The nuclear process involves several stages,with the danger of radioactivity constantly present.Fuel for nuclear reactors comes from uranium ore,which,when mined,spontaneously produces radioactive substances as by-products.This characteristic of uranium ore went undetected for a long time,resulting in the deaths,due to cancer,of hundreds of uranium miners.The United States attempted to bury much of its radioactive waste material in containers made of steel covered in concrete and capable of holing a million gallons.For a long time it was believed that the nuclear waste problem had been solved,until some of these tanks leaked,allowing the radioactive wastes to seep into environment.Canada presently stores its nuclear waste in underwater tanks,with the long-term effects largely unknown.However,plans are under consideration for above-ground storage of spent fuel from reactors.These plans include the building of three vast concrete containers,which would be two stories high and approximately the length and width of two football fields.Other suggestions include enclosing the waste in glass blocks and storing them in underground caverns,or placing hot containers in the Antarctic region, where they would melt the ice,thereby sinking down about a mile.This idea has since been abandoned because of the possible adverse effect on the ice sheets.1.It is implied in the passage that the primary difficulty in seeking a safe way to dispose of nuclear waste in caused by______.A.the nuclear process involving the danger of radioactive at its every stageB.fuel for nuclear reactors producing dangerous wastesC.the weakness scientists have found in every previous methodsD.the nature of nuclear wastes together with their lengthy life span2.According to the passage,uranium ore is very dangerous because______.A.it produces radioactive substances after it is dug outB.it has caused deaths of many minersC.the mining of it produces dangerous by-productsD.there is a problem in mining techniques3.According to paragraph two,scientists failed to______.A.discover the characteristic of nuclear processB.discover the nature of uranium oreC.save the life of uranium minersD.store nuclear wastes in underwater tanks4.Hot containers of nuclear wastes to be put in Antarctic region would______.A.remain above ice sheetsB.be safe to environmentC.be highly probableD.remain under sea5.The best title for the passage might be___________.A.Scientific Approach to Dispose Of Nuclear WastesB.Process and It Nuclear Energy and Public SafetyC.Uranium Ore and Its CharacteristicD.Nuclear WastesQuestions6to10are based on the following passage.Professor Kline concludes that competition with research in the university is so detrimental(有害的)to teaching that he recommends that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institutes.I suggest that the development of a sound program of educational research would be much more beneficial to teaching.Such a program would not only improve teaching theory and technique,it would make clear what competencies are required of a good teacher and help professors attain cational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research,but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable support and petent education research is no more a part-time activity than competent scientific research.The relatively trivial educational research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial commitment by the universities.Rather than belittle such research,the professors have an obligation to see that it is upgraded.Let no one think that educational research is easy;it is concerned with no less than unraveling the complexities of the human mind.There is no reason to believe that an effective theory and technology of instruction is any easier to achieve than controlled nuclear fusion.It is certainly every bit as worthy.6.Professor Kline believes that competition with research in the universities______.A.leads to the establishment of separate research institutesB.should not be encouraged unless separate research institute is set upC.functions well in the universitiesD.is financially unsound7.The author wants to improve______.A.research institutesB.development programscational researchD.part-time activity8.The author believes that scientific research______.A.is not necessarily more difficult than educational researchB.has standards that educational research cannot attainC.is trivial compares to educational researchD.must be relegated to a part-time activity9.According to the author educational research______.A.is relatively easyB.is quite complexC.is often trivialD.should have lower standardscational research in most universities today_____.A.receives adequate supportB.is no longer a part-time activityC.is easy to achieveD.needs more commitmentQuestions11to15are based on the following passage.The characteristics of student-teacher relationships on American campuses vary somewhat,depending on whether the students involved are undergraduate or graduate students,and depending on the size and nature of the school.Graduate students typically have more intense relationships with their professors than undergraduates do;at smaller schools student-teacher relationship are typically even less formal than they are at larger schools.To say that student-teacher relationships are informal is not to say that there are no recognized status differences between the two groups.There are.But students may show their deference only in subtle ways, mainly in the vocabulary and tone of voice they use when speaking to teachers.Much of their behavior around teachers may seem disrespectful.American students will eat in class,read newspapers,and assume quite informal postures.Teachers might not enjoy such behavior,but they tolerate.Students,after all,are individuals who are entailed to decide for themselves how they are going to act.American teachers generally expect students to ask them questions or even challenge what they say.Teachers do not generally assume they know all there is to know about a subject.Nor do they that they invariably explain things clearly.Students who want clarification or additional information are expected to ask for it during the class,just after class ends,or in the teacher’s office at the times the teacher has announced(宣称)as“office hours.”Students who do not ask questions may be considered uninterested.While most teachers welcome students’questions and comments about the material being covered in the course,they do not welcome student efforts to negotiate for high grades.Teachers normally believe they have an acceptable system for determining grades,and,unless it seems possible that a mistake has been made, teachers respond very negatively to students who try to talk them into raising a grade.11.Why do teachers normally not welcome students to negotiate for higher grades?A.Because teachers don’t like to admit that they have made mistakes in marking.B.Because teachers normally believe they have an acceptable system for determining grades.C.Because they are afraid of students’protest against them.D.Because they hate students.12.The student-teacher relationships are informal in the US in the following ways except______.A.American students eat in classB.American students read newspapers in classC.American students assume quite informal postures in classD.American students don’t show respect to teachers13.Students who ask questions are considered__________.A.uninterestedB.troubledC.interestedD.intelligent14.What do you think of the main idea of the passage?A.The student—teacher relationship in U.S.B.American students’manners in school.C.Characteristics of American university teachers.D.American education system15.Which is right according to the passage?A.The student-teacher relationship is quite informal across the country.B.American teachers generally like students to challenge them.C.Graduate students seem quite disrespectful to their teachers.D.It is not easy for students to find their teachers.PART III Translation(10points)DIRECTIONS:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.The idea of evolution was known to some of the Greek philosophers.By the time of Aristotle speculation had suggested that more perfect types had not only followed less perfect ones but actually had developed from them.But all this was guessing;no real evidence was forthcoming.When,in modern times,the idea of evolution was revived,it appeared in the writings of the philosophers—Bacon,Descartes,Leibniz and Kant.36)Spencer was preaching a fail evolutionary doctrine in the years just before Darwin’s book was published, while most naturalists would have none of it.Nevertheless a few biologists ran counter to the prevailing view, and pointed to such facts as the essential unity of structure in all warm-blooded animals.The first complete theory was that of Lamarck,who thought that modifications due to environment,if constant and lasting,would be inherited and produce a new type.37)Though no evidence for such inheritance was available,the theory gave a plausible hypothesis for naturalists to use.Many of the social and philanthropic efforts of the nineteenth century were framed on the tacit assumption that acquired improvements would be inherited.But the man whose book gave both Darwin and Wallace the clue was the Reverend Robert Malthus, sometime curate of Albury in Surrey.38)The English people were increasing rapidly,and Malthus argued that the human race tends to outrun its means of subsistence unless the redundant individuals are eliminated. This may not always be true,but Darwin writes:In October1838,I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population,and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on,from long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants.39)It at once struck me that,under these circumstances,favorable variations would tend to be preserved,and unfavorable ones to be destroyed.The result of this would be the formation of new species.Here then I had a theory by which to work.40)The hypothesis of natural selection may not be a complete explanation,but it led to a greater thing than itself—an acceptance of the theory of organic evolution,which the years have confirmed.Yet at first some naturalists joined the opposition.To the many,who were unable to judge the biological evidence,the effect of the theory of evolution seemed incredible as well as devastating,to run counter to common sense and to overwhelm all philosophic and religious landmarks.Even educated man,choosing between the Book of Genesis and the Origin of Species,proclaimed with Disraeli that he was“on the side of the Angels.”Part Four:Composition(15points)Directions:Write a short composition of about250to300words on the Allowing topic.What’s your opinion about the contribution of opportunity to success?。
