美国存在的社会问题social problems in the U.S.

Brief discussion about RacialDiscrimination in America1291510314 CatherineIntroductionAmerica is a multi-racial and multi-nationality country. People from all over the world and from different races had come to America since its foundation. For a long time, people of all nationalities have made a great contribution to the development American society. However, the present situation is disaccord with what the American constitution had advocated, ”All men are created equal ”, and the racial discrimination still exist today. In the contemporary society, it is necessary for us to make a thorough understanding of the problem of racial discrimination in America. I would like to analyze the reasons of the racial discrimination in America from three aspects.Main bodyThe reasons of the racial discrimination in America1. The influence of American historyAmerica has always been known as a nation of immigrants. Effect of immigration on USA may be more important than any other countries inthe world. Just as President Carter put it in 1980: "Our strength lies in her the hearts of people and rich cultural diversity.”Three times of American immigration in the history brought different racial and ethnic groups to America, which directly led to diversification of the population. Along with the population diversity, ethnic conflict between the newly arrived immigrants and Aborigines appeared: in the south, in order to meet the needs of plantation development, a large number of black people from South Africa were shipped for manual labor, and the discrimination against blacks was from then on. A large number of immigrants not only provided labor force, but also brought new skills and new technology to accelerate the industrialization. The three big waves of immigrants, America population was increasing at an alarming rate, the composition of the population was more diverse, and that also inevitably exacerbated racial tensions.2. The roots of American culturalAs mentioned above, USA is composed of people of different nationalities. Every nationality has it religion, belief, life style and values, and these belong to the category of culture. Different cultures get together and collide here, to coexist and gradually to reach a compromise. Finally merge into a new culture -- American unique culture. But in fact, this compromise is hard to achieve, because it is almost impossible for two absolutely different cultures to completely fusion. Some theories suggestthat the minority culture (including attitudes, values and language) is their barriers for successful social competition, so perhaps this is indeed one of the reasons that they can not enter the mainstream culture which the white dominated. As a result, USA governments at all levels and all leaders overwhelmingly are the white. American political, economic, military, cultural and other fields of power are in the hands of the white hands, this is an undeniable fact.2. The causes of American social structureThe third cause of racial discrimination is the American social structure, that mainly refers to the domination and oppression of minorities in the social political economic system. But compared with the individual discrimination against the minorities, it is more severe. From the very beginning, the black was considered inferior, and laws, customs, traditional made the situation worse thereafter. For example, when a person used "Negro", "Nigger" to express his feelings, he didn't mean to insult a black, but accidentally revealed his bias toward black. Although this is only the language itself, but from the example, we can see clearly the existing language, customs, laws, faith deny minority should be equal, and the bias is subconscious. We recognize that this discrimination has its historical roots, but the existing social system does not eliminate this kind of discrimination. So without the reform of social system, it is difficult to eliminate the institutional discrimination.ConclusionFrom the discovery of the American continent to the founding of the U.S. as an independent nation, and from the first settler’s exploration of the New World to today’s flourishing U.S. as a world superpower, the racial discrimination problem has ever remained concern to American society. Such systems as politics, economy, culture, ect. are really improved racial discrimination could be dispelled to make sure that various nationalities are equally treated.。

社会问题英语作文模板英文回答：Social issues are complex problems that affect a large number of people in society. They can be caused by avariety of factors, including poverty, inequality, discrimination, and social injustice. Social issues often have a negative impact on people's lives, and they can lead to a variety of problems, such as crime, violence, and mental illness.There are many different types of social issues, and they can vary from country to country. Some of the most common social issues include:Poverty: Poverty is a major social issue that affects millions of people around the world. It is a condition of being without the resources to meet basic needs, such as food, water, shelter, and clothing. Poverty can be caused by a variety of factors, including unemployment,underemployment, and discrimination.Inequality: Inequality is a social issue that occurs when there is an unfair distribution of resources and opportunities. It can be based on factors such as race, class, gender, and sexual orientation. Inequality can lead to a variety of problems, such as social unrest, crime, and violence.Discrimination: Discrimination is a social issue that occurs when people are treated differently based on their race, class, gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics. Discrimination can lead to a variety of problems, such as social isolation, unemployment, and violence.Social injustice: Social injustice is a social issue that occurs when people are denied their basic rights and freedoms. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including poverty, inequality, and discrimination. Social injustice can lead to a variety of problems, such as crime, violence, and mental illness.Social issues are complex problems that require a variety of solutions. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to solving social issues, and the best approach will vary depending on the specific issue. However, there are some general principles that can be used to guide efforts to address social issues. These principles include:Recognizing the root causes of social issues: It is important to understand the root causes of social issues in order to develop effective solutions.Addressing social issues in a comprehensive way: Social issues are often interconnected, and it is important to address them in a comprehensive way.Involving affected communities in the development of solutions: It is important to involve affected communities in the development of solutions to social issues.Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of solutions: It is important to monitor and evaluate theeffectiveness of solutions to social issues.Social issues are a major challenge for societiesaround the world. However, by working together, we can develop effective solutions to these problems and create a more just and equitable world.中文回答：社会问题是影响社会中大量人群的复杂问题。

社会问题的英文作文Title: Navigating the Complexity of Social Issues: An Unstructured Perspective。

1. Embracing Diversity: In the realm of social intricacies, let's start with the ever-evolving topic of diversity. Our society is a tapestry woven with threads of ethnicity, gender, and beliefs. This tapestry, though beautiful, can sometimes be a challenge to navigate. It's not about following rules, but about understanding and celebrating the unique colors that make us who we are.2. The Digital Divide: The digital age has brought both progress and disparity. The "digital divide" is a symptom of unequal access, where those with resources often lead, leaving behind those in the shadows. This isn't a problem to be solved with a formula, but a call to bridge the gap through empathy and technology's equalizing potential.3. Mental Health: The rise of mental health awarenessis a testament to the societal shift. We can't prescribe a cure in a paragraph, but we can acknowledge the importance of destigmatizing mental health and fostering a supportive environment. It's a journey, not a destination.4. Climate Change: The planet's health is a global concern, but our actions often feel like drops in an ocean. It's not a problem that can be answered with a simple "solution," but a collective responsibility to adopt sustainable practices and adapt to the changing times.5. Inequality: The elephant in the room, inequality, isa complex issue that plagues every corner. It's not alinear issue, but a multifaceted one, requiring nuanced discussions and systemic reforms. It's a conversation that requires us to question, not just answer.6. Education and Access: Education is the key to progress, but it's not always within reach. The quest for equal opportunities is a battle fought daily. It's not a problem that can be solved in a paragraph, but a commitment to equity.7. Technology and Ethics: The rapid advancement of tech raises ethical dilemmas. It's not a question to be answered, but a dialogue that prompts us to reflect on the role of technology in shaping our society.In conclusion, tackling social issues is a continuous dance between understanding, action, and change. It's not about providing a definitive answer, but about fostering a dynamic conversation that evolves with the times. So, let's keep talking, learning, and adapting. After all, that'swhat makes us human.。

Though，America is the most powerful and the richest country the world，there are still many problems in the United States，especially the social security problem.There are a number of reasons, I would argue, behind the trend. To begin with，because of America's asset class concept is too serious, leading to the gap between rich and poor in the world. It has been recorded, the United States has only ten percent of the total assets of the United States of America's total assets of fifty percent. What is more，the gap is just the problem ，such as robbery and shoplifting and pickpocket and so on，of the social problem in the United State.In order to solve or reduce the social security problem of the United States,first we should solve the problem of the gap between the rich and the poor. In the first step, we will give some preferential policies to the poor people. Second，we will be able to merge capitalism and socialism with China as part of the integration of capitalism and socialism. Finally, appropriate social propaganda is also necessary.。

英文作文社会问题英文：Social problems are prevalent in every society, andit's important to address them in order to create a more equitable and just world. One social problem that I am particularly concerned about is poverty.Poverty affects millions of people around the world and can have a devastating impact on their lives. It can lead to hunger, poor health, lack of education, and limited opportunities for employment. Poverty is often cyclical, meaning that it can be passed down from generation to generation, creating a cycle of disadvantage that is difficult to break.One of the main causes of poverty is inequality. When there is a large gap between the rich and the poor, it can create a situation where some people have access to resources and opportunities while others do not. This canlead to a situation where some people are able to build wealth and improve their lives, while others are left behind.Another cause of poverty is lack of access to education. Education is a key factor in breaking the cycle of poverty, as it can provide individuals with the skills and knowledge they need to secure better jobs and improve their economic situation. However, when education is not accessible or affordable, it can be difficult for people to break out of poverty.In order to address poverty, we need to focus oncreating more equal societies. This means reducing the gap between the rich and the poor, and ensuring that everyone has access to the resources and opportunities they need to succeed. We also need to invest in education and provide people with the tools they need to improve their lives.中文：社会问题在每个社会中都普遍存在，解决这些问题对于创造一个更公平、更公正的世界非常重要。

有关社会问题的四级英语作文范文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today, let's talk about some social problems. There are many problems in the world like bullying, pollution, homelessness, and poverty. These problems make people sad and we need to find ways to solve them.First, let's talk about bullying. Bullying is when someone hurts another person on purpose. It can happen at school, online, or even on the street. Bullying makes people feel really bad and scared. We need to be kind and help each other. If you see someone being bullied, tell an adult or teacher right away.Next, let's talk about pollution. Pollution is when the air, water, or land is dirty. It can make people sick and hurt the earth. We can help by not littering and using less plastic. We should also recycle and plant more trees. This will help keep the earth clean and healthy.Another problem is homelessness. Homelessness is when someone doesn't have a place to live. It's really sad because everyone deserves a safe and warm home. We can help bydonating food, clothes, or money to homeless shelters. We can also volunteer to help serve meals or clean up.Lastly, let's talk about poverty. Poverty is when someone doesn't have enough money to buy food, clothes, or a home. It's really hard to live in poverty and we need to help those who are less fortunate. We can donate to food banks, volunteer at soup kitchens, or even just be kind to those in need.In conclusion, there are many social problems in the world but we can all make a difference by being kind and helping each other. Let's work together to make the world a better place for everyone. Thank you for listening!篇2Title: Big Problems in Our SocietyHey guys! Have you ever thought about the problems we have in our society? There are a lot of things that are not so good and we need to talk about them. Let's take a look at some of the big problems and see what we can do to make things better.One big problem is bullying. Bullying is when someone is mean to another person over and over again. This can happen at school, at the playground, or even online. It's not fair to makesomeone feel bad about themselves. We need to stand up for each other and stop bullying when we see it happening.Another problem is pollution. Pollution is when we make our air, water, and land dirty. This can make people and animals sick. We need to recycle, use less plastic, and take care of our planet. It's the only one we have!Homelessness is also a big problem in our society. Some people don't have a place to live or enough food to eat. We can help by donating clothes, food, or money to organizations that help homeless people. We should all have a warm bed to sleep in and food to eat every day.Finally, there are a lot of people who don't have access to education. Education is super important because it helps us learn new things and be successful in life. We should all have the chance to go to school and learn. Let's help each other out and make sure everyone has the opportunity to get a good education.So let's all work together to make our society a better place. Let's stand up against bullying, take care of our planet, help homeless people, and make sure everyone has access to education. Together, we can make a big difference! Let's be the change we want to see in the world.篇3Hi there! Today I want to talk about a big problem we have in our society. It's about bullying. Have you ever seen someone being mean to another person just because they are different? That's called bullying.Bullying can happen at school, on the playground, or even online. It's not okay to hurt someone's feelings or make them feel bad about themselves. We should all be kind to each other and treat each other with respect.If you see someone being bullied, you should tell a teacher or an adult right away. It's important to stand up for those who are being hurt and to make sure they feel safe and supported.We can also try to befriend those who might be feeling left out or lonely. Including everyone and making sure everyone feels welcome is a good way to prevent bullying.Let's all work together to make our community a kinder and more inclusive place. Together, we can make a difference and stop bullying for good!篇4Title: Social Problems in Our SocietyHey guys, have you ever noticed that there are some big problems in our society? Let me tell you about them!First of all, there is bullying at school. Some kids are mean to others and make them feel bad. This is not cool at all! We should all be nice to each other and help each other out.Secondly, there are people who are homeless and don’t have a place to live. It’s so sad to see them on the streets with no food or shelter. We should try to help them by donating food or clothes to shelters.Thirdly, there is pollution in our environment. We see trash everywhere and it’s not good for our planet. We should all try to reduce, reuse, and recycle to keep our Earth clean and healthy.Lastly, there are people who are discriminated against because of their race or gender. This is not fair at all! We should treat everyone with respect and kindness, no matter what they look like or where they come from.In conclusion, we need to work together to fix these social problems in our society. Let’s be kind, help those in need, protect our environment, and treat everyone with respect. If we all do our part, we can make the world a better place for everyone. Let’s make a difference!篇5Title: Let's Talk About Social ProblemsHi everyone, today I want to talk about some important social problems that affect our society. It's really important for us to learn about these issues and think about how we can help make the world a better place.One big problem is poverty. Some people don't have enough money to buy food, clothes, or even have a place to live. It's not fair that some people have so much while others have so little. We can help by donating to charities, volunteering at homeless shelters, or just being kind to those in need.Another problem is pollution. Our planet is getting dirtier and it's making it hard for plants, animals, and even us to live healthy lives. We can help by recycling, using less plastic, and planting trees to clean the air.Bullying is also a big problem. Some kids are mean to others just because they're different. It's important to be kind and stand up for those who are being bullied. We can help by being a good friend, speaking up when we see bullying, and showing empathy towards others.Lastly, discrimination is a problem that affects many people. Some people are treated unfairly because of their skin color, religion, or where they come from. It's important to treat everyone with respect and kindness, no matter our differences.Let's all work together to solve these social problems and make the world a better place for everyone. Thank you for listening!篇6Sure, sure, I can do that! Here we go:Title: Social ProblemsHey guys, do you know there are a lot of social problems in our world today? Yeah, it's pretty sad, but we can all work together to make things better!One big social problem is homelessness. Can you believe that there are people who don't have a place to live? It's so unfair! We should all try to help out by donating food, clothes, or even just a smile to someone in need.Another problem is bullying. It's not cool to be mean to others, right? We should all treat each other with kindness andrespect. If you see someone being bullied, speak up and stand up for them!Oh, and let's not forget about pollution. It's making our planet sick! We can all do our part by recycling, using less plastic, and planting trees. Every little bit helps!And finally, there's poverty. Some people don't have enough money to buy food or go to school. That's not right! We can help by donating to charity or volunteering to help those in need.So, let's all work together to make the world a better place! We can all make a difference, no matter how small. Let's spread love, not hate, and make the world a happier and healthier place for everyone!。

美国社会问题富裕中的贫困Poverty n.贫穷；缺乏，不足；贫瘠，不毛；低劣。

据一次全国统计，有1000万人由于没有足够的食品患营养不良症，这些人的境遇各有不同，长期失业是一个主要原因。

具有讽刺意义的是，失业经常源于工业和农业的自动化。

毒品泛滥、赌博II. Poverty as a social problemThe U.S is one of the most wealthy countries in the world. Yet over 24 million people or about 10% of the population are living at or below the official poverty line, on incomes that the federal government considers insufficient to meet basic requirement of food, clothing, and shelter. There are millions more, living slightly above the poverty line, whose plight is not much better. Also, the social services in the U.S compare unfavorably with those in most industrialized societies. Furthermore, the affluent majority seems indifferent to the problems of the poor. This raises some serious moral problems and inevitably creates fierce conflicts of interest and many political controversies. Therefore, poverty in the U.S becomes a social problem.III. Drug Abuse (滥用毒品)Drug abuse in the U.S. has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation. The drug issue always excites strong emotions of Americans because drug abuse is perceived as a major threat to American society, particularly to its younger members. Drug abuse is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs. For example, drug is closely related with crime, automobile accidents. It has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, and the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.There is no doubt that racism was, is and will be the biggest social problem in America. I am a Chinese, and I've never been to American before. I can not imagine how differently people live in the USA.It is said that one community is a world in American. People who live in different communities have big differences in life. There's a wide gap between the rich and the poor.Most of the rich are white people, in addition, most black people are poor. It is a typical reflection of racism. We can imagine that black people are poor in the society, they will be regarded inequally no matter in the politic or economic life. Then they will lose the chance of electing and being elected, of getting jobs, of studying, even of having a normal life.In order to resist the inequality, in order to live on. They will rob, muder, drug trafficking. However, because of their criminality, the racism will be grevous. The gap of wealth will be bigger, the society will be more unstable. As a result, it will get American into a much embarrassing situation and a dead circulation.In American, white children and black children will not play together, study together, few of the white will get married with the black. Parents will not send their children to schools which have black children. Most black people live in a serious area, people will shoot in daytime. Students will not go to college in more than ten schools in Chicago, they are all schools for the black.Hundreds of years ago, there is a dream for the Americans. In these years, the dream still has not come true. In the modern America,there are still a lot of people who led a distress life. I’m lucky to be in China, with no racism in a stable environment.。

考研英语作文社会问题类模板Social Issues in the Context of the Postgraduate Entrance Examination。

In recent years, the issue of social problems in the context of the postgraduate entrance examination has attracted increasing attention. It is widely acknowledged that the postgraduate entrance examination is a crucial gateway for individuals to pursue higher education and career development. However, the examination system and related social problems have posed significant challenges and concerns for both the candidates and the society as a whole.First and foremost, the intense competition in the postgraduate entrance examination has led to various social problems. The fierce competition for limited resources, including top universities and prestigious majors, has created a high-pressure environment for candidates. As a result, many candidates experience extreme stress, anxiety, and even mental health issues during the preparation and examination process. This not only affects the well-being of the candidates but also raises concerns about the mental health of the entire society.Moreover, the postgraduate entrance examination has also contributed to the issue of educational equity and fairness. It is well-documented that candidates from underprivileged backgrounds often face disadvantages in terms of access to resources, such as high-quality education, tutoring, and study materials. As a result, the examination system may perpetuate social inequality and hinder the social mobility of individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. This not only undermines the principle of equal opportunity but also hampers the overall development of the society.Furthermore, the postgraduate entrance examination has also given rise to the problem of commercialization and commodification of education. With the increasing demand for postgraduate education, a burgeoning industry of test preparation, coaching, and tutoring has emerged. This has led to the commercialization of education, where success in the examination is often equated with the ability to pay for expensivepreparatory courses and materials. As a result, the examination system has become a tool for profit-making, rather than a means for assessing academic potential and talent.In addition, the postgraduate entrance examination has also raised concerns about the quality and relevance of the examination content. Many critics argue that the current examination system places excessive emphasis on rote memorization and test-taking skills, rather than critical thinking, creativity, and practical knowledge. This not only hinders the development of well-rounded individuals but also fails to meet the needs of the modern society and economy.In response to these social problems, it is imperative to address the root causes and implement effective solutions. First and foremost, efforts should be made to alleviate the pressure and stress associated with the postgraduate entrance examination. This can be achieved through reforms in the examination system, such as reducing the weight of the examination score in the admission process, and placing greater emphasis on holistic evaluation of candidates' abilities and potential.Furthermore, measures should be taken to promote educational equity and fairness in the postgraduate entrance examination. This may include providing equal access to educational resources, offering financial support for candidates from underprivileged backgrounds, and implementing affirmative action policies to level the playing field for all candidates.Moreover, it is essential to combat the commercialization of education and ensure that the postgraduate entrance examination remains a fair and merit-based assessment of candidates' abilities. This can be achieved through regulations and oversight of the test preparation industry, as well as the promotion of free and open-access educational resources for all candidates.Finally, efforts should be made to reform the content and format of the postgraduate entrance examination to better reflect the needs of the modern society and economy. This may involve incorporating more practical and real-world problems into the examination, as well as placing greater emphasis on critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills.In conclusion, the issue of social problems in the context of the postgraduate entrance examination is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration and effective solutions. By addressing the root causes and implementing reforms, it is possible to create a fair, equitable, and merit-based examination system that promotes the well-being and development of individuals and the society as a whole.。

A Red Light for ScofflawsLaw-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in U.S. history. Yet it is painfully apparent 2 that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society. 3 Indeed, there are moments today —amid outlaw litter, tax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy — when it seems as though the scofflaw represents the wave of the future. 4 Harvard Sociologist David Riesman suspects that a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course. Already, Riesman says, the ethic of U.S. society is in danger of becoming this: “You're a fool if you obey the rules.”法律和秩序，可以说是美国历史上历时最久、或许还是人们最爱谈论的政治问题。

最大的社会问题英文作文The biggest social problem today is inequality. It's a serious issue that affects people from all walks of life. The gap between the rich and the poor is widening, and it's causing a lot of tension and unrest in society. This is something that needs to be addressed urgently.Another major social problem is unemployment. There are so many people out there who are struggling to find a job. It's a frustrating and demoralizing situation for them. The lack of job opportunities not only affects individuals and their families, but it also has a negative impact on the economy as a whole.Drug addiction is also a significant social problem. Many people, especially young adults, are falling into the trap of substance abuse. It's a vicious cycle that destroys lives and tears families apart. The government needs to invest more in rehabilitation programs and provide support for those who are struggling with addiction.Violence is another pressing social issue. Whether it's domestic violence, gang violence, or random acts of violence, it's a problem that plagues our society. It's heartbreaking to see innocent people becoming victims of violence. We need stricter laws and better education to address this problem and create a safer environment for everyone.Mental health is a growing concern in today's society. Many people are suffering silently from various mental illnesses, and there is still a stigma surrounding it. It's crucial that we raise awareness and provide better accessto mental health services. Everyone deserves to receive the help and support they need.Education inequality is also a significant social problem. Not everyone has equal access to quality education, and this creates a cycle of poverty and limited opportunities. It's essential that we invest in education and provide equal opportunities for all children,regardless of their background.Environmental issues are becoming more urgent than ever. Climate change, pollution, and deforestation arethreatening our planet's future. We need to take immediate action to protect our environment and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.In conclusion, there are numerous social problems that need to be addressed urgently. Inequality, unemployment, drug addiction, violence, mental health, education inequality, and environmental issues are just a few examples. It's essential for governments, communities, and individuals to come together and work towards solutions. Only by addressing these problems can we create a more just and equitable society.。

专升本⼤学英语试卷A9⼤学英语A9⼀、阅读理解Mrs. Hebert kept on asking her husband to take her to the ballet. Mr. Hebert hates the ballet, but when his employer invited him and his wife, he could not get out of it. As they drove to the theatre that evening, the fog got worse and worse. The traffic slowed down to a walking pace and almost stopped. When they eventually got to the theatre, the ballet was over. Mrs. Hebert could not work out how it had taken them so long to get there, even taking the fog into account. The theatre was within walking distance of their house. It took her a long time to get over the disappointment.A month later, Mrs. Hebert found out what had happened. Mr. Hebert told a friend of his that he had taken wrong turning on purpose. This friend told his wife, and the wife immediately went around to tell Mrs. Hebert. The two women began to plan revenge. One day, when Mr. Hebert was not in, they broke into his study, which he always locked. His hobby was collecting old coins. Mrs. Hebert had already worked out how much his collection was worth:$850!They were taking some coins out of the case when they heard a car pull up outside the house. Mrs. Hebert quickly switched the light off, and they waited, holding their breath. The front door opened and Mr. Hebert came in. They heard him take his coat off. He walked towards the study door and opened it. There was no chance for the women to get away without being seen. Mr. Hebert switched the light on and was astounded to see his wife standing there with a handful of valuable coins. It took both husband and wife a long time to get over this.1）、Which of the following is correct?A.Mr. Hebert likes to watch ballet.B.Mrs. Hebert likes to watch ballet.C.Both of them like to watch ballet.D.Neither of them likes to watch ballet.答案：B2）、It was quite ______ when they drove to the theatre.A.rainyB.stormyC.cloudyD.foggy答案：D3）、The theater is ______ from Mr. and Mrs. Hebert's.A.an hour-drivingB.in the other side of the cityC.very nearD.half an hour of bicycle riding答案：C4）、The wife of Mr. Hebert's friend is a ______.A.social workerB.baby sitter答案：D5）、When Mr.Hebert came home,the two women were ______.A.planning a revengeB.in the studyC.out of the studyD.opening the door to the study答案：BHalloween (October 31) is a holiday widely celebrated with different names in many countries. Although it originated as a religious holiday, it has lost its religious connections in the United States. It is now celebrated largely as a children's day, and many American children look forward to it for days and weeks beforehand.The orange pumpkin is harvested at this time of year and is hollowed out, a funny face cut into it, and a candle placed inside as decorations in the window. City folks, nowadays, sometimes use paper pumpkins for decorations. Some years ago, the holiday was celebrated by dressing up in strange and frightening costumes and playing tricks on one's neighbors and friends, such as ringing door bells, throwing bits of corn on the window panes, and in other ways making minor disturbances. More recently, children come to the door to have friends and neighbors admire their costumes and guess who they are behind the false faces and receive treats of candy, fruit or cookies. They say, "Trick or Treat", meaning "I will play a trick on you if you do not give me a treat."This practice has even more recently developed into a significant international activity. Instead of or along with candy, the children collect money for UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund). This special collection of money by children for needy children throughout the world is known as "UNICEF Trick or Treat". Begun only recently, it results in several million dollars each year contributed to UNICEF. The collection box is orange, reminiscent of the pumpkin.6.What does Halloween originate from?A.A children's day.B.A children's trick.C.A religious day.D.A UNICEF day.答案：C7.What is the symbol of Halloween?A.PumpkinB.CandleC.CostumesD.Money答案：A8.The holiday was celebrated in the following ways some years ago EXCEPT ______.A.putting on strange and frightening costumesB.receiving treats of candy, fruit or cookiesC.playing tricks on one's neighbors and friendsD.ringing door bells答案：BA.They love money.B.They want to get enough money to buy themselves candy.C.The adults are willing to give them money.D.They want to help other children.答案：D10.The collection box is dyed orange because ______.A.children love orangeB.orange stands for happinessC.orange is the color of pumpkinsD.orange is loved by adults答案：C⼆、词汇与语法11.Such views might sound _______ at that period but they are out of date now.A.senselessB.sensitiveC.sensibleD.insensitive答案：C12.This kind of camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or rainy conditions.A.treatedB.adoptedC.adjustedD.remedied答案：C13.The boss didn't know who _______ for the broken cup.A.will blameB.to blameC.blamedD.blames答案：B14.Bill always does _______ he pleases, without regard to the feelings of others.A.howeverB.thatC.whatever15.It doesn't alter the fact that he was the man _______ for the death of the little girl.A.accordingB.guiltyC.obligedD.responsible答案：D16.By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________ here for two days.A.shall stayB.have been stayingC.will have stayedD.have stayed答案：C17.Since there is not much time left, I'll tell you about it _______.A.in detailB.in briefC.at lengthD.in all答案：B18.This couple has two daughters, _________ of whom is working in the U. S.A.the youngerB.the youngestC.a youngerD.the young答案：A19.The manager urged his staff not to _________ the splendid opportunity.A.dropB.escapeC.missD.slide答案：C20.You should give the application to the man ______ at that chair.B.to sitC.sat三、完型填空When I was in the college, I was invited to be an instructor at a high school summer camp. On the first day I noticed a boy standing under the __21__. His obvious __22__ made him appear fragile. Only 50 feet away, 200 young campers were playing, joking and meeting __23__, but the boy seemed so lonely.__24__, I walked toward him and said, "Hi, my name is Kevin. It's nice to meet you." In a shaky voice he __25__ greeted me.I could sense that this whole experience was foreign to him. But I somehow knew all he needed was just a little push. That evening, I explained it to my coworkers and asked them to __26__ special attention to him.Several days later, on the "last dance" ball, I was surprised to see the boy dancing happily with two girls. I couldn't believe it was the __27__ boy who stood under the tree.One year later, I received a phone call from the boy's mother. She told me the boy died from a car accident. "I just wanted to call you because Tommy __28__ you so many times." she said, "I just wanted to thank you for making a difference for Tom. The last few months were the __29__ ones of his life."You may never know how much each gesture you made may mean something to someone else. __30__I tell this story as often as I can, and when I do, I urge others to look out for their own "boy under the tree."21.A.treeB.skyC.roofD.camp答案：A22.A.moodinessB.gladnessC.shynessD.kindness答案：C23.A.each otherB.one anotherC.othersD.another答案：B24.A.SmileB.To smileC.Smiled25.A.violentlyB.reluctantlyC.pleasantlyD.surprisingly26.A.payB.giveC.makeD.take答案：A27.A.firstB.specialC.veryD.other答案：C28.A.looked afterB.agreed withC.talked ofD.searched for 答案：C29.A.worseB.worstC.betterD.best答案：D30.A.IfB.ButC.BecauseD.So四、汉译英31.那个英⽂⽹站很受欢迎，平均每⽇有1万名访问者。

社會解組理論（social disorganization）侯崇文理論背景社會解組理論是美國社會學犯罪問題探討最早提出的解釋，許多犯罪學的教科書在討論社會學的犯罪學解釋時都從這理論開始，這理論以芝加哥大學社會學系為中心，也稱為芝加哥學派，以都市解組地區高犯罪率的現象為探討的重心。

社會解組理論的出現與當時發生在芝加哥所發生的一些社會變遷有密切的關係，20年代的芝加哥正經歷工業化帶來的影響，大量人口湧入，有些是自外國來的移民，有些則是來美國本土的，他們來到都市，尋找工作，在這背景下，芝加哥市快速走向多元化、異質化，以及人口不斷的流動，而這也帶來了各種的問題，尤其是青少年犯罪問題。

社會解組理論也稱為社會區位學（social ecology），這是一門探討人與環境關係的科學。

我們知道，區位上有有入侵（invasion）、支配（dominance），以及接替（succession）的現象，而這種現象與美國社會是一樣的。

美國的歷史是一個白人入侵印地安人的過程，有入侵（invasion）、支配（dominance），以及接替（succession）。

這樣的社會區為現象在都市更為明顯，我們看到某一文化或者某一族群完全的取代了另外一個文化或族群。

芝加哥大學社會學系教授們關心到都市社會的這種生物現象，新的移民移入，帶來他們自己的文化，也帶來社會的衝突與問題，這時，他們開始去思考都市區位與社會行為或社會問題的關連。

的確，隨著工業化與都市化的發展，人們的生活方式大大的不同於過去，社會學者Louis Wirth在30年代時便提醒我們，都市生活將是未來人們的生活方式，單純的傳統社會生活不在，社會控制力將會減弱，而這正是犯罪與社會問題興起的肇因。

可以說，都市化的結果，社會日趨複雜，社會異質性不斷增加，社會控制力對於人的約束力減弱，偏差與犯罪問題出現，這種現象在美國大都市裡更形明顯。

上面正是社會解組理論對當時社會問題的解釋。

不可否認的，社會解組理論在學術上的出現應歸功於芝加哥大學社會學系，在1920年代，芝加哥大學社會學系的一群教授們，他們深入探討環境因素與高犯罪率的關係，他們試圖把社區內區位的特性與社區犯罪問題連接起來，他們的研究可以說是美國犯罪學學術史上第一個大型的研究，他們採用大型的資料，以及對於犯罪做實際的觀察的結果，而他們提出有系統的犯罪學解釋，他們的發現受到眾多社會學者的重視，也奠定後來犯罪學研究的基礎。

社会问题-英语作文In today's society, there are many pressing issues that need to be addressed. One of the most concerning problemsis the growing wealth gap between the rich and the poor. This disparity in income and resources has led to social unrest and dissatisfaction among the less privileged members of society.Another issue that plagues our society is the prevalence of mental health problems. Many people suffer in silence, unable to access the help and support they need. This has resulted in a rise in depression, anxiety, and other mental illnesses, which have a significant impact on individuals and society as a whole.Furthermore, environmental degradation is a critical issue that needs immediate attention. The planet is facing unprecedented levels of pollution, deforestation, and climate change, which threaten the very existence of life on Earth. It is crucial for governments and individuals totake action to protect and preserve our environment for future generations.In addition, discrimination and prejudice continue to be pervasive in our society. People are judged and mistreated based on their race, gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics, leading to inequality and injustice. It is essential for us to promote tolerance, acceptance, and equality for all individuals, regardless of their background.Overall, these social issues require collective effort and action to address effectively. It is essential for individuals, communities, and governments to come together to find solutions and create a more just and sustainable society for all.。