2016考研专业课教育学完整版考研真题凯程首发.

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！
第页共页2016华东师大333教育学考研真题分析
与讲解与讲解
教育学初试刚考完，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，教育学专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，教育学题型今年是名词解释、简答题、分析论述题，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

教育学分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程英语老师把教育学的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及年考教育学的同学使用，本试题凯程首发，转载注明出处。

名词解释：
苏湖教法自由七艺班级授课制
绅士教育中体西用双轨制
简答：
简述朱子读书法及其现代的价值
校长负责制的内涵及其需注意的问题
蔡元培“五育并举”的教育方针
试举例说明社会建构主义内容及其学习应用。

评述要素主义教育
举例说明课程内容的设计对学生学科知识理解的影响
论述：
培养班集体的方法，
从元认知的角度阐述提高学生学习效能的教学策略。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！
第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年西南大学学科教学英语333真题
凯程独家分析
刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

考研分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发!
名词解释：教育作用，活动课程，美育，
简答：
1，我国教育目的基本精神
2，皮亚杰认知发展理论主要内容
3，如何转换后进生
判断
1，教育与人的关系中，教育不起主导作用
2，班级授课制是我国的基本教育组织形式
论述
1，孔子的教育对象，教育方法。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！
第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年东北师范大学866物理学科真题
（完整版）凯程首发
刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

考研分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发!
1、物理规律及教学要求
2、教学原则及中学物理教学原则
3、这题没想起来，想起来再写
4、义务教育课程标准特点
5、物理教学过程及教学过程规律（这题好bt ）
6、掌握知识与培养能力的方法，中学物理应培养学生哪些能力
7、教师专业化，物理教师应该具备哪些素质
8、物理学习困难，物理学习困难的主要原因。

浙江大学教育学基础720一、选择题1、孟禄是哪个教育学派代表2、科学教育学奠基人是谁3、教育无目的论谁提出4、掌握学习法谁提出5、不愤不启，愤什么意思6、定县实验谁实行的7、最早的幼儿园谁开办的考了很多人名，无论是教育史还是教育学还是学习心理学。

二、辨析1、课程改革，增加了综合实践课程，意味着比学科课程更加重要2、骑士教育的培养目标是统治管理的大臣3、教育研究方法没有好坏之分三、简答1、如何培养良好的师生关系2、赫尔巴特教育性教学的基本观点3、道德体谅模式基本观点4、韦纳归因理论5、教育研究中，文献综述里，个人观点与研究者观点不一致，如何科学合理地处理四、论述1、一段材料，涂尔干关于教育目的的评论。

问社会改造主义教育基本观点，如何评价。

2、1922新学制新在哪，评价。

3、学习风格是哪种，沉思型，冲动型。

如何更好地发挥。

学习风格对学习的影响。

学习风格的教育含义。

4、行动研究的步骤，举例分析南京师范大学教育学专业基础658一、名词解释6个1、教学2、学校教育制度3、产婆术4、学习策略二、简答，4个，一个15分。

1、课程理论2、我国教育目的3、课堂纪律管理策略三、分析，3个，一个30分。

1、观察学习过程并举例2、布卢姆教学目标分类及评价方式四、论述，2个，一个45分1、中学教育2、素质教育南京师范大学教育学基础综合628一、20题单选(每题两分)二、判断1、儿童的身心发展决定教育的方向2、正强化就是奖励，负强化就是惩罚3、骑士教育是一种培养骑师的学校教育4、信度是多次测量结果基本一致三、简答(每题十五分)1、简述当代教育制度改革方向2、美国公立学校特点3、书院的教育教学特点4、定量研究报告的内容四、论述(每题二十分)1、谈谈你对教育回归生活的认识2、蔡元培北大改革措施3、品德培养与改进的条件4、行动研究与实验研究的区别五、材料(30分)老师在课堂上讲三打白骨精这课，通过提问的方式与学生交流，有一些对话的内容记不全了，学生三认为白骨精有机智，坚持等品质。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年心理学考研真题（完整版）凯程首发2016心理学初试刚结束，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，心理学专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，心理学题型今年是 简答题、综合题，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

心理学分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程心理学老师把心理学的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考心理学的同学使用，本试题凯程首发，转载注明出处。

三、简答题：第76~80小题，每小题10分，共50分。

请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上。

76、简述费希纳定律和史蒂文斯定律。

77、简述斯腾伯格关于短时记忆信息提取方式的三种假设及研究结果。

78、社会建构主义学习理论的基本观点。

79、编制心理测验量表时制定常模的步骤。

80、近一个世纪以来，某城市的居民患抑郁、焦虑症和强迫症比例非常接近，近期心理学家为了考察该城市居民的心理健康状况，进行了一次调查，表明抑郁患者124人、强迫患者91人。

请问该城市居民的三种神经症患者比例是否发生显著变化?四、综合题：第81~83题，每小题30分，共90分。

请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上。

81、结合案例运用动机-成就目标理论和情绪的评定-兴奋说分析王刚和李明对同样的业绩却有不同反应的原因?材料：大体意思王刚和李明同是公司新职员，年终考核时销售业绩一样，但是王刚很沮丧，他联想在之前公司的优秀业绩，想到同事们可能对他的消极评价，很不开心，决定离开这个公司，找一家能展示个人能力的新公司。

而李明却很开心，他觉得自己在这家公司不仅学到了新的营销知识，个人能力也得到了锻炼。

他决定在这家公司继续努力争取明年取得更好的业绩。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！
第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年华南师范西方哲学史考研真题
（完整版）凯程首发
刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

考研分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发!
一、名词解释〈8选5〉8分
1.精神接产术
2.洛克白板说
3.唯实论
4.绝对命令
5.天赋观念
6.公意
7.泰勒斯水本原
8.流溢说
二、简答题〈5选4〉10分
1.原子论伊壁鸠鲁
2.莱布尼茨前定和谐
3.亚里士多德四因说
4.奥古斯丁的信仰与理性的关系
5.培根四假象说
三、论述题〈4选2〉35分
1.柏拉图洞穴喻
2.哥白尼式革命
3.叔本华生命意志哲学
4.黑格尔理性遐想。

一、单项选择题：l-45小题，每小题2分，共90分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

1.对“谁的知识最有价值”这一问题最为关注的教育学派是()。

A.实验教育学B.文化教育学C.实用主义教育学D.批判教育学答案：D【解析】：这是批判教育写学派阿普尔提出的。

2.下列说法有悖终身教育理念的是()。

A.学习贯穿人的一生B.学校教育不再享有教育的垄断权C.终身教育从正规学校教育结束时开始D.当地社会在终身教学体系中起着重要作用答案：C【解析】：终身教育思想主张教育在实践上贯穿人的一生，在空间上打通学校与社会、家庭的阻碍，拓展到社会中去。

3.赞科夫主张教学应走在学生发展前面，所依据的是()。

A.最近发展区域理论B.隐性知识理论C.先行组织者理论D.支架式教学理论答案：A【解析】：最近发展区要求走在孩子前面。

4.有人把教育隐喻为“塑徒”，称教师是“人类灵魂工程师”，这种观点在人的发展影响因素问题上倾向于A.遗传决定论B.成熟论C.外铄论D.内因与外因相交互用论答案：C【解析】：遗传决定论是单因素论中的一种，强调遗传在人的身心发展中的作用；成熟论属于心理学，及内发论，强调内在因素在人的身心发展中的作用；外铄论强调外部因素在人的身心发展中的作用，如题目把教育隐喻为“塑徒”，称教师是“人类灵魂工程师”是从外因来看影响人的发展因素。

5.20世纪50年代末我国的教育方针强调()。

A.教育必须与生产劳动相结合B.教育必须与社会实践相结合C.教育必须为人民服务D.教育必须为现代化服务答案：A【解析】：考查我国现代教育方针6.双规学制形成于18、19世纪的西欧，其中一轨是“学术性”，另一轨是“职业性”，以下关于这种学制形成方式的描述中，正确的是()。

A.两条轨道发端于高等教育，是自上而下形成的B.均发端于初等教育，是自下而上形成的C.学术型轨道是自上而下形成的，职业型轨道是自下而上形成的D.学术型轨道是自下而上形成的，职业型轨道是自上而下形成的答案：C【解析】：学术型轨道是自上而下形成的，相当于单轨制，职业型轨道是自下而上形成的，相当于双轨制。

“谁的知识最有价值”“塑徒”，称教师是“人类灵魂工程师”，这种观点在人的发展影响因素问题上倾向于A.遗传决定论B.成熟论C.外铄论D.内因与外因相交互用论答案：C【解析】：遗传决定论是单因素论中的一种，强调遗传在人的身心发展中的作用；成熟论属于心理学，及内发论，强调内在因素在人的身心发展中的作用；外铄论强调外部因素在人的身心发展中的作用，如题目把教育隐喻为“塑徒”，称教师是“人类灵魂工程师”是从外因来看影响人的发展因素。

5.20世纪50年代末我国的教育方针强调()。

A.教育必须与生产劳动相结合B.教育必须与社会实践相结合C.教育必须为人民服务D.教育必须为现代化服务答案：A【解析】：考查我国现代教育方针6.双规学制形成于18、19世纪的西欧，其中一轨是“学术性”，另一轨是“职业性”“过程作文教学法“，根据舒尔曼“教学的知识基础”理论，该教师运用的是()。

A.学科教学知识B.教育情境知识C.课程知识D.基于学生的知识答案：A【解析】：舒尔曼“教学的知识基础”强调教师的知识是教师进行教学的基础，合理的知识结构是教学效率的有效保障。

提出了教学需要七类教师知识的支撑：学科知识〔contentknowledge，简称CK〕、一般教学法知识〔generalpedagogicalknowledge〕、学科教学知识〔pedagogicalcontentknowledge，简称PCK〕、学生知识〔knowledgeoflearners〕、教育环境的知识〔knowledgeofeducationalcontext〕、有关教育宗旨、目的等知识〔knowledgeofeducationalends，etc．〕①“1~2年级认识常用汉字1600个左右，其中800个左右会写”，这项要求属于教学目的层级中的()。

A.教育目的B.培养目标C.课程目标D.教学目标答案：B【解析】：教育目的是指一定社会对人的培养的总要求，规定培养人的质量规格。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！
第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年东北师范大学832小学教育真题
（完整版）凯程首发
刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

考研分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发!
一、概念30分
1 什么是课程实施
2 什么是教学模式
3 什么是班级授课制
二、简答45分
1 什么是课程？古德莱德的将课程分为哪五个层次？
2 课程内容选择的依据和原则？
3 合作学习的教学方法有什么特点？
三、论述60分
1 举例说明校本课程的影响因素与意义？
2 课程与教学评价有什么功能？
3 举例说明教学过程中应遵循的原则
四、教学设计15分
江雪
千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭，孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。

导课有什么作用？设计一个江雪的导课方案。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年南师古代文学考研真题（完整版）凯程首发刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

考研分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发!1、下列哪个不是历史散文A 《左传》B 《战国策》C 《尚书》D 《易经》2、下列说法错误的是A 、《牡丹亭》和《儒林外史》都引用过《关雎》B 、《柏舟》是女子要求婚姻自主之作3、下列关于汉代文学的说法错误的是A 、班固的《二京赋》和张衡的《两都赋》都是汉代京都赋的代表作D 、赵壹的《刺世疾邪赋》和蔡邕的《述行赋都是讽刺现实之作4、下列说法错误的是A 、建安文学的代表作家有三曹和七子D 、阮籍的《与山巨源绝交书》是写给山涛的5、下列说法正确的是A 、杜甫的《北征》作于杜甫困守长安时期6、下列说法错误的是A 、“子美集开诗世界”是王安石对杜甫的评价B 、《六一词话》和《醉翁琴趣外编》是欧阳修的词集7、关于元代文学下列说法正确的是A 、元曲四大家是关汉卿、马致远、白朴、王实甫B 、元代创作“水浒戏”最多的作家是康进之C 、高明的《琵琶记》取材于元杂剧《赵贞女》D 、睢景臣的《高祖还乡》是以一个小市民的眼光讽刺汉高祖的8、关于明代文学下列说法正确的是A 、《三国志演义》、《水浒传》、《金瓶梅》、《西游记》都是世代累积型的小说D 、梁辰渔的《浣纱记》是第一部用改造后的昆山腔创作的传奇9、关于清代文学下列说法正确的是A 、江左三大家是钱谦益、龚鼎孳、吴伟业10、关于古代文论下列说法正确的是A 、《文心雕龙》共50篇，分为总论、文体论、创作论、批评论四部分。

2016南京师范大学333教育综合真题分享2016教育学初试圆满结束，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，教育学专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，教育学题型今年是选择题，辨析题、简答题，名词解释，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

教育学分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程教育学老师把教育学的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考教育学的同学使用，本试题凯程首发，转载注明出处。

一、单项选择题2×101. 中国古代学校教育内容中的“六艺”指的是？2. 西方教育史上，被认为是传统教育代表人物的教育家是？3. 教育活动与其他社会活动的根本区别在于？4. 把造就“完全人格”即发展个性和群性作为其民主教育思想的核心的教育家是？5. “什么知识最有价值”？这是第一个进入人的视野的真正课程问题。

它的提出者是？6. 有一种活动，它能够有效促进学生社会化与个性化、成人与成才，是进行全面发展教育的基本途径。

这种活动是？7. 主张把“全面发展”“和谐发展”“个性发展”三者融合成一个统一的整体而培养全面和谐发展的人的教育家是？8. 《学记》中的“藏息相辅”教学原则指的是？9. 提出“大丈夫”的理想人格，并把这种理想人格描绘为“宝贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈”的中国古代思想家是？10. 社会学习理论强调观察式学习，强调符号强化和自我强化对人的行为的影响。

这一理论代表人物是？二、名词解释5×411 终身教育12 道德情感13 中体西用14 最近发展区三、辨析题10×315 人既是社会历史的“剧中人”，也是社会历史的“剧作者”。

16 在我国的新课程改革中，小学的“品德与生活（社会）”、“艺术”、“科学”，初中的“社会”“科学”等课程都属于综合课程。

2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版讲解凯程首发激动人心2016英语初试过去了，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，英语专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，英语题型今年是选择题，判断题、简答题、分析论述题，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

英语分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程英语老师把英语的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考英语的同学使用，本试题凯程首发，转载注明出处。

SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man'sparents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each sprouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3.[A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4.[A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6.[A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7.[A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8.[A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9.[A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10.[A]passing [B]lighting[C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought [C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20.[A]so [B]while [C]once [D]in thatText 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.”The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of.[B]indicating the state of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.”Hill’s pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing“off-plan”building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing itschance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis”equals “concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones? Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside____[A]didn’tstart till the Shakespearean age.[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C]is fully backed by the royal family.[D]is not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being____[A]gradually destroyed.[B]effectively reinforced.[C]largely overshadowed.[D]properly protected.28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B]The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan”building.[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference____[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of____[A]the size of population in Britain.[B]the political life in today’s Britain.[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Fiedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies –at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seen to influenced by a company’s record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D]approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company[Al winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33.Theexpression "more lenient" (Line 2, Para. 4)is closestin meaning to[Al more effective.[B] less controversial.[C] less severe.[D] more lasting.34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[Al has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C]increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph ?[Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B]Thenecessaryamount of companies'spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies' financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated.[D] Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future “the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print .The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses .delivery truck -isn’t just expensive ;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competition don’t have the same set financial constraints . Readers are migrating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its print editor would be a mistake ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting of the print business, only if they go about doing it the right away “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them “he said, “but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway". Peretti gives example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as a blunder." he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the times? "l wouldn't pick year to end print."he said. “I would raise and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor. the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," peretti said. "Then increase it at rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year —more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market.Change and the world changes. In thosesituations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A]the high cost of operation.[B]the pressure form its investors.[C]the complaints form its readers[D]the increasing online ad asles.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should[A]seek new sources of readership.[B]end the print edition for goog.[C]aim for efficitent management.[D]make strategic adiustments.38.It can inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”[A]helps restore the glory of former times.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,[A]legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A—G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41—45)，There are two extraSubheadings,Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Mark it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal orinformal theworkenvironment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This isespecially truein first impressions.According to researchfrom PrincetonUniversity, people assessyour competence,Trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased ontheway you look.The different between today’sworkplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range ofoptionsis so muchbroader. Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.In some settings, red sneakers or dress T—shirts can conveystatus;inother not somuch. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social—media services like LinkedIn.Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than adecade or two lennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can beconfusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in anupgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals？Here are some tips:41.As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularlyhelpfulduring transitions—when looking for a new job , stepping into a new or morepublic role ,or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask forhonest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals .Look for cuesabout how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look ore “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audience? How do the people you respect and look up to prevent themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse of friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time discussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to opinions. Buy all your clothes once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. Whenwe don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud. it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem —confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles with kindness if they are in pain and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car. or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.PartA52.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “LI Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the foiiowing pictures.in your essay,you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)答案：In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, as well as those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can decide on a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to arrange the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. After aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, but in the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to obtain, but not common. Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval. Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice shows up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry while the woman must wait ten months.21.B physical beauty22.D doing harm to23.A New Standards24.C showing little25.A A Challenge26.D is not27.A gradually destroyed28.B The Conservatives29.D reveals30.D the town31.B skeptical32.A winning33.C less severe34.A has an impact35.B The necessary36.A the high37.D make strategic38.B is meant for39.C aggressiveness40.C Make your print41.Decide if the time is right42.Know your goals43.Understand the context44.Work with professionals45.Mark it efficient46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。

2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试311教育学专业基础综合真题及详解一、单项选择题：1～45小题，每小题2分，共90分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

1．对“谁的知识最有价值”这一问题最为关注的教育学派是（）。

A．实验教育学B．文化教育学C．实用主义教育学D．批判教育学【答案】D【解析】“谁的知识最有价值”出自阿普尔，他是批判教育学流派的代表人物。

2．下列说法有悖终身教育理念的是（）。

A．学习贯穿人的一生B．学校教育不再享有教育的垄断权C．终身教育从正规学校教育结束时开始D．当地社会在终身教学体系中起着重要作用【答案】C【解析】终身教育是人一生各阶段当中所受各种教育的总和，是人所受不同类型教育的统一综合。

前者是从纵向来讲的，说明终身教育不仅是青少年的教育，而且涵盖了人的一生；后者是从横向来讲的，说明终身教育既包括正规教育，也包括非正规教育。

3．赞科夫主张教学应走在学生发展前面，所依据的是（）。

A．最近发展区理论B．隐性知识理论C．先行组织者理论D．支架式教学理论【答案】A【解析】“最近发展区”理论是维果斯基提出来的，是介于学生在现有的发展水平与可能的发展水平之间的，要使最近发展区转化到现有发展水平的范围之中，推动发展前进，只有当教学走在发展前面的时候，这才是好教学。

赞科夫高度评价了维果斯基关于教学与发展问题的思想，主张教学应走在学生发展的前面。

4．有人把教育隐喻为“塑徒”，称教师是“人类灵魂工程师”，这种观点在人的发展影响因素问题上倾向于（）。

A．遗传决定论B．成熟论C．外铄论D．内因与外因交互作用论【答案】C【解析】这句话是前苏联共产党和国家的领导人之一米哈伊尔·伊凡诺维奇·加里宁说的。

由于教师在塑造年轻一代的品格中起到了关键性的作用，并影响年轻人形成良好的思想道德和行为习惯，因此称教师是“人类灵魂的工程师”，即从外因来分析影响人发展的因素。

5．20世纪50年代末我国的教育方针强调（）。

2016考研教育学真题及答案考研对于众多学子来说，是一场知识与毅力的较量。

教育学作为热门考研专业之一，其真题及答案备受关注。

以下是 2016 年考研教育学的真题及详细答案解析。

一、单项选择题1、某教师在作文教学中运用“过程作文教学法”，根据舒尔曼“教学的知识基础”理论，该教师运用的是（）A 学科教学知识B 教育情境知识C 课程知识D 基于学生的知识答案：A解析：舒尔曼“教学的知识基础”理论中，学科教学知识（PCK）是指教师将自己所掌握的学科知识转化为易于学生理解的形式的知识。

“过程作文教学法”体现了教师将作文教学的知识以特定的方式传授给学生，属于学科教学知识。

2、体谅模式使用诸如“有人在乘车时不停地跟司机说笑话，接着可能发生什么？”之类的人际互动情境问题，组织学生交流经验，续写故事或画连环画，分组合作编写和表演情景剧，其直接目的在于引导学生（）A 置身事外，从旁观者的立场客观评价他人的处境和需求B 设身处地，从参与者的立场感受他人的处境和需求C 知善知恶，从旁观者的立场判断他人行为的道德性质D 明辨是非，从参与者的立场感悟自身行为的道德性质答案：B解析：体谅模式强调设身处地为他人着想，通过人际互动情境问题，让学生从参与者的立场感受他人的处境和需求，培养学生的人际意识和社会意识。

3、某校在实施一项帮助问题学生的特殊教育计划时，泄露了一些学生的家庭困难和个人生理缺陷等信息，导致这些学生受到不同程度的歧视和排挤。

学校的这一做法违背了（）A 教育公正原则B 因材施教原则C 循序渐进原则D 知行统一原则答案：A解析：教育公正原则要求在教育活动中，对待学生要公平、公正，不能歧视任何学生。

泄露学生的个人信息并导致其受到歧视和排挤，违背了教育公正原则。

4、教育过程应重视学生自己的独立发现、表现和体验，尊重学生发展的差异性。

特别强调这一观点的教育学派是（）A 实用主义教育学B 文化教育学C 实验教育学D 批判教育学答案：A解析：实用主义教育学主张教育即生活，教育即生长，教育即经验的改组或改造。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年北师大教育学考研真题刚刚考研结束，凯程vip 学员们就纷纷发过来了2016年北师大教育学考研真题，凯程徐老师看完之后，兴奋程度不亚于在集训营和飞翔vip 学员们，因为大多数的题目都在凯程的暑期集训营、全年集训营、飞翔钻石班、冲刺集训营等课程中严格训练过，并且同学们提前演练过这些题目，为同学们的高分打下了非常的基础。

其中，北师大教育学考研的题型是名词解释、解答、分析论述题。

名词解释1社会教育2附属内驱力3样本和总体4费里法案5定县实验6核心课程7问题解决8教育历史研究法简答题1、现代教育的政治基础与功能2、严复教育思想3、简述班级活动竞争与合作心理效应的不同4、教育文献综述的格式、规格和作用论述题1、结合当代教学改革实践，分析当代教学模式的发展方向和基本任务2、评述《1988年教育改革法》的内容和影响3、“低年级学生取消作业”有的老师赞同，有的老师不赞同，设计实验方案包括，实验设计，自变量和因变量，控制变量和控制方法，实验效果及说明方法。

对于刚刚考完的同学，请务必注意，首先大致估分，自己能考多少，大致估计能够进复试的提前准备复试的工作。

已经在凯程报了复试班的同学，可以找班主任领取复试任务包。

从去年和前年的复试看，复试现场有非常多的凯程学员，经过复试的严格训练，成功比例非常高，几乎没有被刷掉的学生。

希望同学们在复试的时候，一定提前备考，稳扎稳打，讲究效率，一次性录取成功。

对于下一年准备考研的同学来说，了解真题便于了解考试难度，从现在就可以开始复习了。

正所谓早起的鸟儿有虫吃，笨鸟先飞，更何况自己不是笨鸟呢，考研特别注意，正确的方法、充足的时间保障、同学们的努力，三个要素缺一不可。

希望同学们早点准备哦。

如果对择校择专业、考试难度不了解，可以咨询凯程老师，凯程已经办学11年，培养了一大批优秀学子进入名校，欢迎来实地考察。

2016年教育学考研真题与答案亲爱的同学们，如果您准备考教育学，那么教育学考研真题是必不可少的内容，凯程老师特别把历年教育学考研真题整理如下，供同学们参考，更多年份的真题，同学们也不用费心去寻找，凯程官方网站就有免费提供，找客服索取即可。

凯程创建于2005年，已经有11年悠久历史，在教育学方面战绩辉煌，网站有很多学员经验谈视频，肯定对大家很有帮助，也是凯程辅导成果的展示，凯程开设有基本保录班、半年保录班、暑期集训营、百日冲刺集训营，飞翔标准班等课程。

下面发布的是2016年教育学考研真题。

一、单项选择题：1~45小题，每小题2分，共90分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合试题要求。

1．对“谁的知识最有价值”这一问题关注的教育学流派是（）A．实验教育学B．文化教育学C．实用主义教育学D．批判教育学【真题解析】D“谁的知识最”是由阿普尔提出，是批判教育学的代表人物。

2．下列说法中有悖于终身教育理念的是（）A．家庭学习贯穿于人的一生B．学校教育不再享有教育垄断C．终身教育从正规学校结束时开始D．当地社会在终身教育中起着重要作用【真题解析】C就终身教育的特定含义来看，它既包括了教育的各个方面和各项内容，也包括了教育过程中各个阶段之间的联系。

因此，终身教育并不是传统学校教育的简单延伸，而是包括一切正规教育、非正规教育以及非正式教育。

因此，终身教育并不是从正规学校结束时开始，正规教育也是属于终身教育的一部分。

3．赞可夫主张教学应该走在学生发展的前面，所依据的是（）A．最近发展区B．隐性知识C．先行组织者策略D．支架式教学【真题解析】A赞科夫赞同苏联心理学家维果茨基提出的教学与发展关系的观点和“最近发展区”理论。

赞科夫高度评价了维果茨基关于教学与发展问题的思想，并以此作为自己实验的理论基础，提出教学、教育和发展之间有着复杂的相互依赖关系。

主张教学应该走在学生发展的前面。

4．有人把教育隐喻为“塑造”，称教师是“人类灵魂的工程师”。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试《教育学专业基础综合》真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：45，分数：90.00)1.对"谁的知识最有价值" 这一问题最为关注的教育学派是（）。

（分数：2.00）A.实验教育学B.文化教育学C.实用主义教育学D.批判教育学√【解析】批判教育学兴起于20世纪70年代，是当前西方教育理论界占主导地位的教育思潮。

代表人物有美国的鲍尔斯、金蒂斯、阿普尔，法国的布厄迪尔。

批判教育学的主张为（1）当代资本主义的学校教育并非是促进社会公平与实现社会公正的途径和手段，而是维护现实社会的不公平、造成社会差别和对立的根源。

（2）学校教育的功能就是再生产出占主导地位的社会政治意识形态、文化关系和经济结构。

（3）批判教育学的目的就是要揭示看似自然事实背后的利益关系，帮助教师和学生对自己所处的教育环境及形成教育环境的诸多因素敏感起来，即对他们进行"启蒙"，以达到意识"解放"的目的。

（4）教育现象不是中立的和客观的，而是充满利益纷争的。

因此，教育理论研究不能采取唯科学主义的态度和方法，而要采用实践批判的态度和方法，揭示具体教育生活中的利益关系，使其从无意识的层面上升到意识的层面。

"谁的知识最有价值"是由阿普尔提出的，故本题正确答案为D。

2.下列说法有悖终身教育理念的是（）（分数：2.00）A.学习贯穿人的一生B.学校教育不再享有教育的垄断权C.终身教育从正规学校教育结束时开始√D.当地社会在终身教学体系中起着重要作用【解析】就终身教育的特定含义来看，它既包括了教育的各个方面和各项内容，也包括了教育过程中各个阶段之间的联系。

因此，终身教育并不是传统学校教育的简单延伸，而是包括一切正规教育、非正规教育以及非正式教育。

因此，终身教育并不是从正规学校结束时才开始的，正规教育是终身教育的一部分。

2016年华中师范大学中国史基础考研真题（完整版）凯程首发刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

考研分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发!一、名词解释（10分×8，共80分）1.《盐铁论》2.庆历新政3.头下军州4.棉花革命5.京师同文馆6.科玄之争7.《实业计划》8.三反五反运动二、材料分析题（25分×3，共75分）1.“乃者贰师败，军士死略离散，悲痛常在朕心。

今请远田轮台，欲起亭隧，是扰劳天下，非所以优民也。

今朕不忍闻。

大鸿胪等又议，欲募囚徒送匈奴使者，明封侯之赏以报忿，五伯所弗能为也。

且匈奴得汉降者，常提掖搜索，问以所闻。

今边塞未正，阑出不禁，障候长吏使卒猎兽，以皮肉为利，卒苦而烽火乏，失亦上集不得，后降者来，若捕生口虏，乃知之。

当今务在禁苛暴，止擅赋，力本农，修马复令，以补缺，毋乏武备而已。

郡国二千石各上进畜马方略补边状，与计对。

”——《汉书·西域传》（1）请翻译上述材料。

（10分）（2）请根据上述材料，分析汉武帝“轮台罪己诏”的政策转折及历史意义。

（15分）2.“乃言国本者谓之东林，争科场者谓之东林，攻逆奄者谓之东林，以至言夺情奸相讨贼，凡一议之正，一人之不随流俗者，无不谓之东林，若似乎东林标榜，遍於域中，延於数世。

东林何不幸而有是也？东林何幸而有是也？然则东林岂真有名目哉？亦小人者加之名目而已矣。

论者以东林为清议所宗，祸之招也。

”——黄宗羲《明儒学案》卷五八《东林学案一》请根据上述材料，分析晚明的党争。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学三考研真题答案凯程首发下面凯程老师把2016年的真题答案全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发，转载注明出处。

一、选择题：1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．．指定位置上. （1）设函数()y f x =在(,)-∞+∞内连续，其导数如图所示，则（ ） （A ）函数有2个极值点，曲线()y f x =有2个拐点 （B ）函数有2个极值点，曲线()y f x =有3个拐点 （C ）函数有3个极值点，曲线()y f x =有1个拐点 （D ）函数有3个极值点，曲线()y f x =有2个拐点 【答案】（B ）【解析】【解析】由图像易知选B2、已知函数(,)x e f x y x y=-，则（A ）''0x y f f -= （B ）''0x y f f += （C ）''x y f f f -= （D ）''x y f f f += 【答案】（D ） 【解析】()2(1)'x x e x y f x y --=- ()2'xy e f x y =-，所以''x y f f f +=（3）设(i ,,)ii D T ==⎰⎰123，其中{}(,),D x y x y =≤≤≤≤10101，{{}(,),,(,),D x y x y D x y x x y =≤≤≤≤=≤≤≤≤223010011，则（A ）T T T <<123（B ）T T T <<312 （C ）T T T <<231 （D ）T T T <<213【答案】B【解析】由积分区域的性质易知选B. （4）级数为sin()n n k ∞=-+∑1，（K 为常数） （A ）绝对收敛（B ）条件收敛 （C ）发散（D ）收敛性与K 有关 【答案】A【解析】由题目可得，sin())n n n n k n k ∞∞∞===+=+=∑111≤≤，由正项级数的比较判别法得，该级数绝对收敛。