上海中学2022学年第二学期期中考试英语试卷I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which!one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Husband and wife. B.Boss and assistant.C.Nurse and patient.D.Manager and customer.2.A.At a post office. B.At a flower shop.C.At a department store.D.At a bus station.3.A.He is unemployed at present. B.He owns a company now.C.He still works in the agency.D.He is unable to support his family.4.A.At10:00. B.At10:20. C.At11:00. D.At11:20.5.A.Satisfied. B.Relieved. C.Surprised. D.Excited.6.A.The woman didn’t post any postcard from Egypt.B.The man has never collected any postcards.C.The woman will go to Egypt for her holiday.D.The man begins to take up collecting postcards.7.A.She can’t afford that much for a trip.B.She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.C.She doesn’t think5,000dollars is enough for the trip.D.She considers5,000dollars only a small sum of money.8.A.He wants to buy the new car. B.He thinks his signature is necessary.C.He has already signed a contract.D.He doesn’t always say what he means.9.A.The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.B.The man must have advised the woman to wear the seat belt.C.The woman was likely to have got seriously injured in the car accident.D.The woman wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.10.A.Violence sports are the source of social instability.B.Violence sports are to blame for crime and school bullying.C.Violence sports serve as an escape for negative emotions.D.Violence sports won’t attract many people’s interest in the long run.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages,and you will be asked several questions on the conversation and each of the passages.The conversation and the passages will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions LI through13are based on the following passage.11.A.To explain a new requirement for graduation.B.To interest students in a community service projectC.To discuss the problems of elementary school students.D.To involve elementary school teachers in a special program.12.A.Providing jobs for graduating students.B.Helping education majors prepare for final exams.C.Offering tutorials(辅导材料)to elementary school students.D.Funding for a community service project.13.A.He teaches part-time in a local elementary school.B.He observes elementary school students in the classroom.C.He helps students who need consult prepare their resume.D.He gives support to students who participate in a special program.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.They want to eat in a fashionable way like young people.B.They prefer to eat food that is tastier and more widely accepted.C.They become aware of the harm processed foods do to health.D.They try to change their way of processing foods little by little.15.A.They contain not too many chemical additives.B.They are cultivated in the soil rich in organic matters.C.They produce as many calories as processed foods.D.They are usually grown in commercial farming areas.16.A.They are allowed to move about and eat freelyB.They are tasty though kept in the crowded bundingC.They can hardly grow in a healthy way without good food.D.They produce eggs which usually contain important vitaminsQuestions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.It was on a cross street. B.They had no time to see it.C.It had no parking space.D.They weren’t in favor of it.18.A.It is too small in size. B.It blocks the air-conditioner.C.It admits heat from the late afternoon sun.D.It stops the sun beating down on the curtains.19.A.Parking and desk space. B.Parking and air-conditioning.C.Privacy and cleanliness.D.A cheerful kitchen and a separate dining area.20.A.The one on68th Street. B.The one on72nd Street.C.The one on88th Street.D.The one on80th Street.Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection A:Multiple choicesDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1.________8.4on the Richter scale,the earthquake________left thousands of people homeless.A.Measured,happenedB.Measured,happeningC.Measuring,that happenedD.Measuring,to happen2.According to the study’s lead author,the finding is________there isn’t just one single health-related consequence of consuming coffee,________that the reality is more complicated than that.A./,inB.that,/C./,providedD.that,but3.The great majority of research on the topic has been observational,________we just look at________happens to people who do and don’t drink coffee.A.meant;whichB.meaning;whatC.which meant;whatD.meaning;which4.________a better idea of coffee’s immediate health effects,the authors found100healthy adults________39on average.A.To get,agingB.Having got,agedC.To get,agedD.Getting,aging5.Spring________still nearly a month away,the________students are likely to get back soon.A.is,remainingB.being,remainingC.is,remainedD.being,remained6.________you have access to stairs,there are numerous exercises you can do________just two stairs.A.Unless,to useB.While,usingC.If,usingD.When,use7.When stretching your legs or arm muscles,you can use the stability of your central core muscles to ensure the rest of the body________in proper alignment(排成直线).A.to stayB.stayingC.stayedD.stays8.The expert gives patients this idea________they need to walk30minutes a day,but a lot of arthritis patients fear to exercise________they may find doing so initially painful.A.which,whenB.that,asC./,becauseD.that,so9.Bear in mind________there is a will there is a way,so it is never too late to start so long as you are________ready to give yourself an opportunity.A.that;soB.where;tooC.that where;tooD.that if;so10.Some experts say that________to a variety of foods without pesticides(农药)is especially important throughout childhood.A.exposingB.exposedC.having been exposedD.being exposed11.Although masks can reduce the transmission of COVID-19,we should turn to healthier lifestyle choices________decrease the risks of heart disease.A.in order thatB.such as toC.so as toD.so that12.It has been10years________I read an interesting book about dietary supplements.I found it particularly beneficial before________other practical suggestions.A.before,givingB.since,being givenC.after,givingD.since,given13.Pie,pita,torta,tarte.________it’s called,the idea applies across the globe because everyone loves a piece of filled,________goodness.A.However,bakedB.No matter how,bakingC.No matter what,bakedD.Whatever,baking14.Classic American apple and cherry varieties might be the first dishes________to mind________the word“pie”is mentioned.A.to come,whening,provided thatC.that came,whenD.to come,on the grounds that15.Considering the tight schedule,I decided to accept his advice on me________a couple of hours’sleep on the plane.A.to grabB.having grabbedC.grabbingD.grabbed16.The show will________this week at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.Shall we have dinner together after watching the show?A.bounce awayB.leave offC.hang outD.kick offually,I feel exhausted after a tiring day so when I get home I like to________on the sofa and listen to music.A.collapseB.breatheC.embraceD.bend18.Concerned about the worst drought on record,the farmers________the government for help.A.turned overB.crowded outC.appealed toD.knocked down19.You can imagine how many people must have sacrificed their precious lives in the________of the American West considering the unfavorable conditions at that time.A.entertainmentB.measurementC.arrangementD.settlement20.It was a pity that he was________in the selection process for the director of the admissions office.He had been hoping for the position for a long time.A.sliced offB.passed overC.settled downD.crowded aroundSection B:VocabularyDirection:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.shortB.flavorC.specificallyD.impressiveE.efficientlyAB.emphasis AC.stuck AD.involved AE.consumed BC.impactBD.declineThere’s no cure or proven way to prevent dementia(痴呆),but a number of studies have said that following a Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of developing the condition.The Mediterranean diet has a(n)____21____list of science behind it.This way of eating can prevent cognitive(认知的)____22____but also help the heart,reduces diabetes,prevent bone loss,encourage weight loss and more,studies have found.A study published on March8revealed people who____23____foods from the Mediterranean and brain-focused MIND diets had fewer of the typical signs of Alzheimer’s.The MIND diet is____24____for Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay.The Mediterranean diet focuses on plant-based cooking.The majority of each meal should be fruits and vegetables, whole grains,beans and seeds,along with a few nuts.There is a heavy____25____on extra-virgin(特级初榨的)olive oil.Meat can make a rare appearance and usually only to____26____a dish.Instead,meals may include eggs,dairy and poultry,but in much smaller portions than in the traditional Western diet.Participants who____27____most closely to the diet were more likely to be female,have a BMI within the healthy range,have a higher educational level,and be more physically active than those with lower persistence in the diet.David Curtis,an honorary professor at UCL Genetics Institute in London,who was not____28____in the research, noted that the latest study was observational and did not uncover cause and effect.The finding could reflect a generally more healthy lifestyle,he said.“It is not clear that such a diet itself reduces dementia risk,although it is reasonable that it might do so.It is important to note that the study concerns all forms of dementia,not____29____Alzheimer’s disease.In my opinion,if there is an effect of diet then it is more likely to be on cardiovascular(心血管的)health in general and hence to_____30_____ dementia due to disease of blood vessels rather than Alzheimer’s disease.”Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection A:ClozeDirection:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.February is an exciting month for our Courageous Kitchen(CK)!One of our founders,Dwight Turner will be speaking at the press conference this week.The event is hosted by the Thailand Authority of Tourism(TAT).Here’s a peek into TAT’s interview with Dwight,where he discusses starting Courageous Kitchen,and____31____his personal passion for food with his mission to feed and educate more children in Bangkok.1.How did you start CK and what is your____32____?Courageous Kitchen began because I was looking for a way to____33____in my free time,but I didn’t know what to do.When a friend invited me to help teach English in a few poorer communities,I fell in love with it.Gradually I wanted to ____34____more and more.Later when I moved outside of the city center,we had space for a kitchen and I began to combine my two____35____. Quickly we learned that the kitchen is a great classroom.Students who were shy about speaking English suddenly had____36____,an application,and an urgency to speak in the kitchen.As their language skills improved,so did their____37____.2.Why do you use food as a medium to help you achieve your goals?I love to eat and Bangkok is full of food and food enthusiasts.So it’s a great way to get people’s attention and bring them together for a____38____.This is true even when it may seem like we don’t have anything____39____.We may speak a different language,have different skin color,but when we sit at the table together,we share and learn about each other.3.What do you think of Thai food?What makes Thai cuisine outstanding to you?I love Thai food because of the_____40_____of influences on the cuisine.There is such a significant Indian influence, the Chinese influence is probably the strongest,and there’s an interesting impact from the hill tribes and neighboring countries in the region as well.4.Why are you interested in helping society,and helping underprivileged kids in Bangkok?As a Black American I was raised with a strong sense of social_____41_____that all people are valuable,and that all people should be treated equally.Until this becomes a(n)_____42_____,we have a lot of work to do to create a better future for today’s kids.That’s true all over the world,but trying to solve global problems can seem_____43_____.That’swhy it’s best to start by being the change we want to see in our local communities.5.As a nonprofit,what do you expect to get in return for you work?As a nonprofit,my job is challenging but_____44_____every day.It’s a challenge to captivate people’s attention long enough to sympathize with people in need,and convince them to take action._____45_____,seeing students,who may have never been in a real restaurant before,imagining themselves as chefs,speaking English more confidently,and becoming leaders in their families is a pretty great reward.31.A.challenging B.appealing C.encountering D.connecting32.A.interest B.objective C.reason D.appetite33.A.give back B.look out C.hang on D.break out34.A.grab B.crush C.contribute D.insist35.A.opinions B.experiences C.hobbies D.passions36.A.situation B.context C.practice D.activity37.A.relief B.belief C.confidence D.breath38.A.union B.strategy C.gathering D.purpose39.A.in mind B.in hand C.in common D.in pocket40.A.liberation B.diversity C.freedom D.isolation41.A.justice B.responsibility C.judgement D.shock42.A.means B.reality C.interpretation D.argument43.A.boring B.inviting C.overwhelming D.disappointing44.A.appealing B.rewarding C.convincing D.pleasing45.A.However B.Furthermore C.Consequently D.ThereforeSection B:Reading comprehensionDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For38-year-old Justin Herald,the journey to wealth began one Sunday morning at a church in Sydney's northwest, when he was involved in a quarrel with a member of the church choir."You have an attitude problem,"she told him.The accusation sparked something in him,and he borrowed$50from his brother to have four T-shirts printed with the slogan:"I don't have an attitude problem;you have a perception problem.""It was the best$50I ever spent,"laughs Herald.By the end of the morning,he had sold three of the four T-shirts.With the money he made,he had another six printed,then12,then24."That first year the earning were$98,000,"he says.His business,Attitude Inc.,is now a multi-million-dollar company with a wide range of products selling in3,500storesacross Australia.His business was due to not just clever marketing-the public loved the slogan-but also he has to admit that in those days there was very little competition in his sector of the clothing industry,and he was in the right place at the right time.The media spotlight also helped,with people paying attention to Herald's likeable personality and infections passion for his business:the night of one TV appearance,187stores rang to get his products into their stores.Herald sold the business three years ago,by which time it was turning over$30million a year,and now spends his time as a motivational speaker.His message:anyone can be financially successful if they set their mind to it."You have to have a lot of stickability,because not everything is going to work the way you plan it."Still living in Castle Hill with his wife and two children,Herald believes too many successful people become caught up in the trappings of wealth."I have lived here since I left school at16,"he says."In this area,you don't forget where you came from."46.Why does Herald think it was the best$50he ever spent?A.Because that sum of money covered the cost of four T-shirtB.Because that sum of money showed his accusation was wrong.C.Because he received that sum of money when he was in need.D.Because he gained more than expected from that sum of money.47.According to Herald,the success of his business resulted from_________.A.good timing and cooperationB.business sense and luckC.fierce competition and passionD.family background and motivation48.The underlined word"stickability"（paragraph6）is closest in meaning to_________.petenceB.conscienceC.persistenceD.fortune49.The best title for the passage might be_________A.Attitude Pays OffB.No Bravery,No GainsC.Start a BusinessD.Never Too Old to Challenge Yourself(B)In Factfulness,Professor Hans Roslingasks raisesquestions like‘How many girls finish school?’and‘Whatpercentage of the world’s population is poor?’It turns out thatthe majority of us get the answers to these questionscompletely wrong.Why does this happen?Factfulness sets outto explain why,showing that there are several human instinctsthat distort(扭曲)our perspective.This book focuses on ourinstinctive biases(偏见),offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.Are things getting worse every day?Is progress an impossible goal?In Enlightenment Now,Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news.We are living longer,healthier,freer and happier lives.Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world.Instead,he shows us some carefully selected data.In75surprising graphs,we see that safety,peace,knowledge and health are getting better all over the world.Economic inequality,he claims,is not really a problem,because it is not actually that important for human well-being.For more than two hundred years those who hold negative thoughts have been winning the public debate.They tell us that things are getting worse.But as a matter of fact,life is getting better.Income,food availability and lifespan are rising; disease,violence and child mortality are falling.Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better;he gives us reasons why as well.He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization.This bold book looks at the entirety of human history-from the Stone Age to the21st century—and changes the concept that it’s all going downhill.The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation:suffering from incredible poverty and wars.The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past20years,more than700million people have increased their income and come out of poverty.This is happening across developing countries around the world.In his book The Great Surge,Stevens Radelet describes how all ofthis is happening and,more importantly,it shows us how wecan speed up the process.50.What is the common feature of the four books?A.They focus on the present situations concerning developing countries.B.They emphasize the importance of dealing with problems in poor countries.C.They try to direct readers to a positive path in terms of human development.D.They appeal to show more sympathy and understanding for poor countries.51.Which author supports his arguments by providing factual evidence?A.Hans Roslingasks.B.Steven Pinker.C.Matt Ridley.D.Stevens Radelet.52.Which of the following can be a possible title for Book3?A.The Rational Optimist.B.Human History:Where Are We?C.A Public Debate.D.Out of Povetty:What and How?(C)From Smells to SoundtracksWhen a young sawfly,a bee-like insect,is threatened by its attackers like ants,it emits a mixture of unpleasant smells to defend itself.These emissions can seriously annoy a potential enemy.Scientists wanting to study these smelly compounds—to understand which aspects of them discourage attackers and why—face great challenges.Meetups between sawflies and ants in a lab are difficult to carry out.There are also a very limited quantity of the insects’emissions.On the side,Jean-Luc Boevé,a zoologist who studies insects,from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences,is an amateur musician and composer.He decided to try a different way—the sound approach.“To be honest,I considered this project so unpractical myself that I set it aside,”he said.It was months before Boevéand his partner,Rudi Giot,finally made a resolution to get started on it.They chose16sawfly species’emissions to translate into sounds.First,they figured out which molecules(分子)were present in each smelly compound and in what amounts.Then they assigned various characteristics of those molecules matching properties of sound.For example,smaller molecules like a kind of acid found in vinegar,a sour-tasting liquid, evaporate(挥发)quickly,so Boevéand Giot assigned them sounds with higher pitch(音高).Larger molecules were given lower-pitched sounds.In all,the scientists created individual audio descriptions for20molecules.Then they combined the sounds of each molecule present in a sawfly’s smell to construct the insect’s soundtrack.If a molecule was of higher proportion in an emission,they assigned it a higher volume.In such a case,the smaller a molecule is,the higher its pitch will be;and the higher the proportion of a molecule is,the higher its volume will be.To test out the audio descriptions they created,Boevéand Giot examined people’s reactions to the soundtracks andcompared them to ants’reactions to the original smells.They played the16emission soundtracks and the20molecule sounds through speakers to about50study participants.Then the scientists measured how far people backed up to get to a “comfortable position”away from the noise.Most of the study volunteers told the researchers that the high pitch,as well as the high volume,was what made them withdraw.“Ants and volunteers moved away from a chemical and its matching soundtrack respectively,”the researchers wrote.Boevésaid he hoped the process would give other zoologists a new way to compare sawflies’chemical defenses with those from other insects.It may also offer researchers clues about which molecules fight off enemies most.53.What do we know about Boevéfrom paragraph2?A.He was devoted to the research for several months.B.He started a new approach after months’hesitation.C.He came up with a creative idea thanks to a composer.D.He was faced with difficulties in studying rare sawflies.54.What can be concluded in terms of the sound approach?A.The volume of sounds is based on the proportion of molecules.B.Smaller molecules and lower pitch share similar characteristics.C.Audio descriptions of the molecules can be divided into16kinds.D.Participants were required to compare the sounds with the smells.55.From paragraphs4and5,we can learn that________.A.the soundtracks are more than what humans are likely to bearB.the ants dislike the sounds as much as humans hate the smellsC.humans’reactions to the sounds resemble ants’responses to the smellsD.other zoologists are looking for innovative ways of studying molecules56.This passage is mainly intended to________.A.explain ways to transfer smells into soundtracksB.introduce research on sawfly’s effect on humansC.demonstrate a scientific study on insects’smellsD.test out people’s reaction to various soundtracks(D)A recent study published in the journal Science Advances has revealed that the United States ranks as high as third among countries contributing to coastal plastic pollution.The new research challenges the once-held assumption that the US is adequately“managing”its plastic waste.A previous study using2010data that did not account for plastic waste exports had ranked the US20th,globally,in its contribution to ocean plastic pollution.Using plastic waste generation(产生)data from2016—the latest available global numbers—scientists calculated that more than half of all plastics collected for recycling(1.99million tons of3.91million tons collected)in the US were shipped abroad.Of this,88%of exports went to countries struggling to effectively manage plastics;and between15-25% was low-value or contaminated(受污染的).It means it was unrecyclable.Taking these factors into account,the researchers estimated that up to1million tons of US-generated plastic waste ended up polluting the environment beyond its own borders.Using2016data,the paper also estimated that between0.91and1.25million tons of plastic waste generated in the US was either littered or illegally dumped into the environment bined with waste exports,this means the US contributed up to2.25million tons of plastics into the environment.Of this,up to1.5million tons of plastics ended up in coastal environments.This ranks the US as high as third globally in contributing to coastal plastic pollution.“The US generates the most plastic waste of any other country in the world,but rather than looking the problem in the eye,we have outsourced it to developing countries,”said Nick Mallos,senior director of Ocean Conservancy’s Trash Free Seas program and a co-author of the study.“The solution has to start at home.We need to create less,by cutting out unnecessary single-use plastics;we need to create better,by developing innovative new ways to package and deliver goods; and where plastics are inevitable,we need to greatly improve our recycling rates.”“Previous research has provided global values for plastic input into the environment and coastal areas,but detailed analyses like this one are important for individual countries to further assess their contributions,”said Dr.Jenna Jambeck, Distinguished Professor at the University of Georgia’s College of Engineering and a co-author of the study.“In the case of the United States,it is critically important that we examine our own backyard and take responsibility for our global plastic footprint.”pared with the previous study,the new one________.A.covers data more comprehensivelyB.excludes plastic waste shipped abroadC.is contrary to the latest global numbersD.challenges the recycling way of plastics58.According to2016data,what can be learned about the plastic waste generated in the US?A.Over half of it ended up polluting the environment outside the US.B.Most of its exported plastic waste wasn’t worth recycling.C.Less than half of it was actually recycled domestically.D.More of it is littered or illegally dumped than exported.59.It is implied by Nick Mallos that________.A.plastic pollution in developing countries is more serious has been irresponsible in dealing with its plastic waste。
