专升本2018真题

专升本2018试题及答案一、选择题1. 下列哪个选项是正确的数学定理？A. 勾股定理B. 欧拉定理C. 费马定理D. 以上都是答案：D2. 英语中“elevator”指的是什么？A. 电梯B. 楼梯C. 门D. 窗户答案：A3. 在计算机科学中，什么是二进制？A. 一种编程语言B. 一种数据存储方式C. 一种操作系统D. 一种网络协议答案：B二、填空题1. 牛顿第三定律指出，作用力和反作用力大小相等，方向相反，并且作用在________上。

答案：不同的物体2. 在化学中，水的化学式是________。

答案：H2O3. 计算机编程中，________是一种基本的程序结构，用于重复执行代码块。

答案：循环三、简答题1. 请简述什么是相对论，并说明其在现代物理学中的重要性。

答案：相对论是爱因斯坦提出的物理理论，包括狭义相对论和广义相对论。

狭义相对论主要讨论在没有重力作用的情况下，物体的运动规律和时间空间的性质。

广义相对论则进一步考虑了重力对时空的影响。

相对论在现代物理学中极为重要，它不仅改变了我们对宇宙的认识，还在GPS定位系统、粒子加速器等现代科技中发挥着关键作用。

2. 请解释什么是操作系统，并列举其主要功能。

答案：操作系统是计算机系统中的一个核心软件，负责管理计算机硬件资源和提供用户与计算机交互的接口。

其主要功能包括进程管理、内存管理、文件系统管理、输入/输出设备管理以及网络通信等。

四、论述题1. 论述信息技术在现代社会中的作用和影响。

答案：信息技术在现代社会中发挥着至关重要的作用。

它极大地提高了工作效率，改变了人们的沟通方式，促进了全球化进程。

信息技术的发展使得信息传播速度加快，信息量剧增，人们可以随时随地获取所需信息。

同时，信息技术也带来了一些挑战，如隐私保护、网络安全等问题。

此外，信息技术还推动了教育、医疗、金融等多个行业的创新和发展。

结束语以上是专升本2018试题及答案的部分内容，希望对准备专升本考试的同学们有所帮助。

河南省专升本考试教育理论真题2018年(总分150, 做题时间150分钟)一、选择题(教育学前20题，心理学后20题，在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案。

)1.学校教育与其他教育活动相比，最主要的区别在于其具有明显的专门性和______• A.制度性• B.目的性• C.育人性• D.功能性SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A学校教育与其他教育相比较，最主要的区别在于：①具有非常明显的专门化，学校教育是由专门机构和专门的教职人员承担的，学校教育的任务是专门培养人。

②学校教育的可控性最强，具有明显的制度化。

2.教育的生物起源论和心理起源论的共同点在于二者都忽视了教育的______• A.生产性• B.自觉性• C.社会性• D.阶级性SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C教育的生物起源论认为动物界也有教育，教育的产生完全来源于动物的本能，否认人类教育的目的性和社会性。

心理起源论认为教育起源于日常生活中儿童对成人的无意识模仿，同样导致了教育的生物学化，否认了教育的社会性。

二者都否认了教育的社会性。

3.认为“教育即生活”，强调教育应利用现有的生活情境作为主要内容的是______• A.布鲁纳• B.赫尔巴特• C.卢梭• D.杜威SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D杜威主张“教育即生活”，学校教育应该利用现有的生活情境作为其主要内容，教儿童适应眼前的生活环境，即培养能完全适应眼前社会生活的人。

4.制约教育目的的性质和思想道德教育内容的是______• A.经济• B.政治• C.文化• D.人口SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B政治制约着教育目的的性质和思想道德教育的内容。

教育要培养具有什么样政治方向、社会价值和思想品德的人，以及为实现某种教育目的所要传授的政治理念、意识形态和伦理道德方面的教育内容，都直接受到一个国家政治制度的制约。

2018年河南省普通高等学校选拔专科优秀毕业生进入本科学校学习考试高等数学试卷一、选择题（每小题2分，共60分） 1．函数()f x = ）A ．[)2,2-B ．()2,2-C ．(]2,2-D ．[]2,2-【答案】B【解析】()2402,2x x ->⇒∈-，故选B ．2．函数()()sin x x f x e e x -=-是（ ） A ．偶函数 B ．奇函数C ．非奇非偶函数D ．无法判断奇偶性【答案】A【解析】sin x ，x x e e --都是奇函数，两个奇函数的乘积为偶函数，故选A ．3．极限221lim 21x x x x →∞+=-+（ ）A ．0B ．12C ．1D ．2【答案】B【解析】根据有理分式函数求无穷大时的极限结论知，所求极限值为最高次项系数之比，故选B ．4．当0x →时，2(1)1k x +-与1cos x -为等价无穷小，则k 的值为（ ）A ．1B ．12-C ．12D ．1-【答案】C【解析】0x →时，22(1)1~k x kx +-，211cos ~2x x -，根据等价无穷小传递性，有12k =．5．函数22132x y x x -=-+在1x =处间断点的类型为（ ）A ．连续点B ．可去间断点C ．跳跃间断点D ．第二类间断点【答案】B【解析】()()()()221111111lim lim lim 232122x x x x x x x x x x x x →→→+--+===--+---，且函数在1x =处无定义，故为可去间断点．6．设()f x 在x a =的某个领域内有定义，则()f x 在x a =处可导的一个充要条件是（ ）A ．0(2)()limh f a h f a h h →+-+存在B ．0()(-)limh f a h f a h h→+-存在C ．0()(-)limh f a f a h h→-存在D ．01lim ()()h h f a f a h →⎡⎤+-⎢⎥⎣⎦存在 【答案】C【解析】()f x 在x a =处可导时，四个选项的极限都存在，且都等于()f a '，00()()()()limlim h h f a f a h f a h f a h h→-→----=-就是导数的定义，即有()f x 在x a =处可导，故选C ．7．极限01arctan lim arctan x x x x x →⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭（ ） A ．1- B ．1 C ．0 D ．2【答案】A【解析】0001arctan 1arctan lim arctan lim arctan lim 011x x x x x x x x x x x →→→⎛⎫-=-=-=- ⎪⎝⎭．8．已知ln y x x =，则y '''=（ ）A ．1xB ．21x C ．1x-D ．21x -【答案】D【解析】ln 1y x '=+，1y x''=，21y x '''=-．9．已知二元函数(21)xz y =+，则zy∂=∂（ ）A ．1(21)x x y -+B ．12(21)x x y -+C ．(21)ln(21)x y y ++D ．2(21)ln(21)x y y ++【答案】B 【解析】()1221x z x y y-∂=+∂，故选B ．10．曲线22xy x x =+-的水平渐近线为（ ）A ．1y =B ．0y =C ．2x =-D ．1x =【答案】A 【解析】2lim 12x xx x →∞=+-，所以水平渐近线为1y =．11下列等式正确的是（ ） A ．()()d df x f x C '=+⎰ B ．()()d df x f x C =+⎰C ．()()f x dx f x C '=+⎰D ．()()ddf x f x dx =⎰【答案】C【解析】根据不定积分的性质，()()f x dx f x C '=+⎰，故选C ．12．已知2()f x dx x C =+⎰，则2(1)xf x dx -=⎰（ ）A ．23(1)x C -+B ．231(1)2x -C ．231(1)2x C -+D ．231(1)2x C --+【答案】D【解析】2222311(1)(1)(1)(1)22xf x dx f x d x x C -=---=--+⎰⎰，故选D ．13．导数20(1)xe d t dt dx +=⎰（ ）A ．2(1)x x e e +B ．2(1)x x e e +C ．22(1)x x e e +D ．22(1)x x e e +【答案】A【解析】()()()2220(1)11x e x x x xd t dte e e e dx'+=+=+⎰，故选A ．14．下列不等式成立的是（ ） A ．1120xdx x dx >⎰⎰B ．22211xdx x dx >⎰⎰C ．1120xdx x dx <⎰⎰D ．22311xdx x dx >⎰⎰【答案】A【解析】[]0,1x ∈，2x x >，所以1120xdx x dx >⎰⎰，故选A ．15．下列广义积分收敛的是（ ）A ．1+∞⎰B ．e+∞⎰C ．11dx x+∞⎰D ．1ln edx x x+∞⎰【答案】B【解析】四个广义积分都是p 广义积分，只有B 中312p =>是收敛的，故选B ．16．已知向量{}2,3,1=-a ，{}1,1,3=-b ，则a 与b 夹角的余弦为（ ） AB C D ．0【答案】C 【解析】cos θ⋅===⋅a b a b ，故选C ．17．曲线20z y x ⎧=⎨=⎩绕z 轴旋转所得旋转曲面的方程为（ ）A ．22z x y =+B ．22z x y =-C ．22z y x =-D ．2()z x y =+【答案】A【解析】绕z 轴旋转，z 不动，y 用代替，即(222z x y ==+，故选A ．18．极限222222(,)(0,0)1cos()lim ()xy x y x y x y e +→-+=+（ ）A ．12B ．2C ．1D ．0【答案】D 【解析】222222222(,)(0,0)0001cos()1cos lim lim lim lim 022()x y tt t t xy x y t t t x y t t tte te ex y e +=+→→→→-+-−−−−→===+，故选D ． 19．关于二元函数(,)z f x y =在点00(,)x y 处，下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．可微则偏导数一定存在 B ．连续一定可微C ．偏导数存在一定可微D ．偏导数存在一定连续【答案】A【解析】由可微的必要条件和充分条件可知，选A ．20．将二次积分2330(,)xxdx f x y dy ⎰⎰改写为另一种次序的积分是（ ）A ．2330(,)xxdy f x y dx ⎰⎰B ．233(,)x xdx f x y dy ⎰⎰C ．233(,)x xdx f x y dy ⎰⎰D ．93(,)dy f x y dx ⎰⎰【答案】D【解析】将X 型区域转化为Y 型区域(,)09,3y x y y x ⎧≤≤≤≤⎨⎩，则可化为93(,)y dy f x y dx ⎰⎰，故选D ．21．设L 为抛物线2y x =介于(0,0)和之间的一段弧，则曲线积分=⎰（ ）A ．136B ．136-C ．613-D ．613【答案】A【解析】2:(0y x L x x x ⎧=≤≤⎨=⎩， 1222011)(41)8x d x ===++⎰3221213(41)836x =⋅+=，故选A ．22．关于级数21sin()n na n ∞=⎡⎢⎣∑，下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．绝对收敛 B ．发散C ．条件收敛D ．敛散性与a 有关【答案】B【解析】级数21sin()n na n ∞=∑收敛，级数n ∞=由级数的性质知，级数21sin()n na n ∞=⎡⎢⎣∑发散，故选B ．23．设幂级数0(1)nn n a x ∞=-∑在1x =-处条件收敛，则它在2x =处（ ）A ．绝对收敛B ．条件收敛C ．发散D ．不能确定【答案】A【解析】令1x t -=，级数化为0nn n a t ∞=∑，在1x =-处原级数条件收敛，即级数0nn n a t ∞=∑在2t =-处条件收敛，2x =处，1t =，根据阿贝尔定理知，1t =时，级数0nn n a t ∞=∑绝对收敛，即2x =时原级数绝对收敛，故选A ．24．设1y ，2y ，3y 是非齐次线性微分方程()()()y p x y q x y x ϕ'''++=三个线性无关的特解，则该方程的通解为（ ） A ．112233C y C y C y ++ B ．1122123()C y C y C C y +-+C ．1122123(1)C y C y C C y +---D ．1132233()()C y y C y y y -+-+【答案】D【解析】1y ，2y ，3y 是非齐次线性微分方程()()()y p x y q x y x ϕ'''++=三个线性无关的特解，则13y y -，23y y -为对应齐次方程的两个无关特解，而3y 为非齐次线性微分方程的特解，故非齐次线性微分方程通解为1132233()()C y y C y y y -+-+，故选D ．25．微分方程43()2()0y x y xy '''+-=的阶数是（ ）A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．4【答案】B【解析】导数的最高阶为2，故方程的阶数为2，故选B ．26．平面230x y z π+-=：与直线111123x y z l ---==-:的位置关系是（ ）A ．平行但不在平面内B ．在平面内C ．垂直D ．相交但不垂直【答案】C【解析】平面的法向量与直线方向向量相等，故直线与平面垂直，故选C ．27．用待定系数法求微分方程232x y y y xe '''-+=的特解y *时，下列y *设法正确的是（ ）A ．2()x y x AxB e *=+ B ．2()x y Ax B e *=+C ．22x y Ax e *=D ．2x y Axe *=【答案】A【解析】特征方程有两个根为11r =，22r =，2λ=是特征方程的单根，所以1k =，故特解y *设为2()x y x Ax B e *=+，故选A ．28．若曲线积分2232(3)(812)yL x y axy dx x x y ye dy ++++⎰在整个xOy 面内与路径无关，则常数a =（ ）A ．8-B ．18-C ．18D ．8【答案】D【解析】2(,)32P x y x axy y ∂=+∂，2(,)316Q x y x xy x ∂=+∂，因曲线积分在整个xOy 面内与路径无关，则(,)(,)P x y Q x y y x∂∂=∂∂，即2232316x axy x xy +=+，从而8a =，故选D ．29．下列微分方程中，通解为2312x x y C e C e =+的二阶常系数齐次线性微分方程是（ ） A ．560y y y '''-+= B ．560y y y '''++=C ．650y y y '''-+=D ．650y y y '''++=【答案】A【解析】特征方程的两个根为12r =，23r =，由根与系数之间的关系知，5p =-，6q =，故对应的二阶常系数齐次线性微分方程是560y y y '''-+=，故选A ．30．对函数()1f x =在闭区间[]1,4上应用拉格朗日中值定理时，结论中的ξ=（ ）A ．32B ．23C ．49D ．94【答案】D 【解析】(4)(1)1()413f f f ξ-'===-，解得94ξ=，故选D ．二、填空题（每小题2分，共20分）31．已知()x f x e =且[]()12(0)f x x x ϕ=+>，则()x ϕ=________． 【答案】ln(12)(0)x x +>【解析】由()x f x e =得[]()()x f x e ϕϕ=，所以()12x e x ϕ=+，故()ln(12)(0)x x x ϕ=+>．32．极限23lim 2xx x x →∞+⎛⎫= ⎪+⎝⎭________．【答案】2e 【解析】12(2)222lim2231lim lim 122x xx x xxxx x x ee x x →∞+⋅⋅++→∞→∞+⎛⎫⎛⎫=+== ⎪ ⎪++⎝⎭⎝⎭．33．20()20x ae x f x x x ⎧+<=⎨+≥⎩,,在0x =处连续，则a =________．【答案】1【解析】函数在0x =处连续，则该点处左右极限存在且相等，还等于该点处的函数值，而lim ()lim(1)1x x x f x ae a --→→=+=+，00lim ()lim(2)2x x f x x ++→→=+=，所以12a +=，即1a =．34．已知函数sin y x x =，则dy =________． 【答案】(sin cos )x x x dx +【解析】(sin )(sin cos )dy x x dx x x x dx '==+．35．曲线23x t y t z t=⎧⎪=⎨⎪=⎩在1t =对应的点处的法平面方程为________．【答案】236x y z ++=【解析】在1t =对应的点为(1,1,1)，该点处曲线的切向量，即平面的法向量为{}{}211,2,31,2,3t t t ===n ，故该点处的法平面方程为1(1)2(1)3(1)0x y z ⋅-+-+-=，即236x y z ++=．36．极限ln(1)lim x x e x→+∞+=________．【答案】1【解析】ln(1)limlim 11x xx x x e e xe →+∞→+∞+==+．37．不定积分21dx x =⎰________． 【答案】1C x-+【解析】211dx C x x=-+⎰．38．定积分121(cos )x x x dx -+=⎰________．【答案】23【解析】111122231011122(cos )cos 233x x x dx x dx x xdx x dx x ---+=+===⎰⎰⎰⎰．39．已知函数(,,)f x y z =(1,1,1)grad =________． 【答案】111,,333⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭【解析】(,,)f x y z =则222x x f x y z '=++，222y y f x y z '=++，222zzf x y z '=++， 故(1,1,1)222222222111(1,1,1),,,,333x y zgrad x y z x y z x y z ⎧⎫⎧⎫==⎨⎬⎨⎬++++++⎩⎭⎩⎭．40．级数1023n nn ∞-==∑________．【答案】9 【解析】10021233392313nn nn n ∞∞-==⎛⎫==⋅= ⎪⎝⎭-∑∑．三、计算题（每小题5分，共50分） 41．求极限20tan lim (1)x x x xx e →--．【答案】13【解析】2222222200000tan tan sec 1tan 1lim lim lim lim lim (1)3333x x x x x x x x x x x x x x e x x x x x →→→→→---=====-⋅．42．已知2(sin )2(1cos )x t t y t =-⎧⎨=-⎩，02t π≤≤，则22d ydx ．【答案】212(1cos )t --【解析】sin 1cos t t y dy t dx x t'=='-，22221sin 1cos (1cos )sin 11cos 2(1cos )(1cos )2(1cos )t d y d dy t t t t dx dt dx x t t t t '--⎛⎫⎛⎫=⋅=⋅=⋅ ⎪ ⎪'----⎝⎭⎝⎭ 212(1cos )t =--．43．求不定积分⎰．【答案】352235C ++【解析】t =，则21x t =+，2dx tdt =，故22435352222(1)22()3535t t tdt t t dt t t C C =+⋅=+=++=++⎰⎰⎰．44．求定积分21e ⎰．【答案】1)【解析】22211(1ln )1)e e x =+==⎰⎰．45．求微分方程690y y y '''-+=的通解． 【答案】312()x y C C x e =+【解析】对应特征方程为2690r r -+=，特征根为123r r ==，故所求微分方程的通解为312()x y C C x e =+．46．求函数22(,)22f x y x y y x =++-的极值．【答案】【解析】令220220fx xf y y∂⎧=-=⎪∂⎪⎨∂⎪=+=⎪∂⎩，得唯一驻点(1,1)-．在驻点(1,1)-处有：2xx A f ==，0xy B f ==，2yy C f ==，且20B AC -<，0A >， 故点(1,1)-为(,)f x y 的极小值点，且极小值(1,1)2f -=-，无极大值．47．将函数()ln(2)f x x =+展开为1x -的幂级数． 【答案】11(1)ln 3(1)(24)3(1)n nn n x x n +∞+=-+--<≤+∑ 【解析】令1x t -=，则1x t =+，所以()ln(3)ln 3ln 13t f t t ⎛⎫=+=++ ⎪⎝⎭，而10ln(1)(1)(11)1n n n x x x n +∞=+=--<≤+∑，故 11100(1)3ln(2)ln 3(1)ln 3(1)(24)13(1)n n n n n n n t x x x n n ++∞∞+==⎛⎫ ⎪-⎝⎭+=+-=+--<≤++∑∑．48．设D 是由直线y x =、2y x =及1x =所围成的闭区域，求二重积分Dydxdy ⎰⎰．【答案】12【解析】把D 看作X 型区域，则可表示为{}(,)01,2D x y x x y x =≤≤≤≤，故2121310311222xxDx ydxdy dx ydy dx x ====⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰．49．求函数43342y x x =-+的凹凸区间和拐点．【答案】凸区间为20,3⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，凹区间为(,0)-∞和2,3⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭；拐点为(0,2)和238,327⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭【解析】函数定义域为(,)-∞+∞，321212y x x '=-，2362412(32)y x x x x ''=-=-， 令0y ''=，得0x =，23x =， 列表如下故所求函数的凸区间为20,3⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，凹区间为(,0)-∞和2,3⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭；拐点为(0,2)和238,327⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭．50．已知函数cos()xy z e x y =++，求全微分dz ．【答案】sin()sin()xy xyye x y dx xe x y dy ⎡⎤⎡⎤-++-+⎣⎦⎣⎦【解析】sin()xy z ye x y x∂=-+∂，sin()xyz xe x y y ∂=-+∂，在定义域内为连续函数，由全微分存在的充分条件可知dz 存在，且sin()sin()xy xyz z dz dx dy ye x y dx xe x y dy x y∂∂⎡⎤⎡⎤=+=-++-+⎣⎦⎣⎦∂∂．四、应用题（每小题7分，共14分） 51．设平面图形D 由曲线1y x=、直线y x =及3x =所围成的部分，求D 绕x 轴旋转形成的旋转体的体积． 【答案】8π【解析】把区域D 看作X 型区域，取x 为积分变量，且[]1,3x ∈， 平面图形D 绕x 轴旋转一周所得旋转体的体积为323312111183x V x dx x x x πππ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-=+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎰．52．某车间靠墙壁要盖一间长方形的小屋，现有存砖只够砌20米长的墙壁，应围城怎样的长方形才能使这间小屋的面积最大？【答案】长方形小屋的长为10米，宽为5米时小屋面积最大【解析】设长方形的正面长为x ，侧面长为y 时，面积为S ，则S xy =且220y x +=，即 (202)S y y =-，令2040S y '=-=，则唯一可能的极值点5y =，而此时40S ''=-<，所以5y =是极大值点，即为最大值点，此时10x =， 故长方形小屋的长为10米，宽为5米时小屋面积最大．五、证明题（6分）53．设()f x 在区间[]0,1内连续，(0,1)内可导，且(0)0f =，1(1)2f =，证明：存在不同两个点，12,(0,1)ξξ∈，使得12()()1f f ξξ''+=成立．【解析】函数()f x 在区间10,2⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦，1,12⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦都满足拉格朗日中值定理，所以110,2ξ⎛⎫∃∈ ⎪⎝⎭，21,12ξ⎛⎫∃∈ ⎪⎝⎭，使得11(0)12()21202f f f fξ⎛⎫- ⎪⎛⎫⎝⎭'== ⎪⎝⎭-，21(1)12()121212f f f f ξ⎛⎫- ⎪⎛⎫⎝⎭'==- ⎪⎝⎭-，两式相加，即可得 存在不同两个点，12,(0,1)ξξ∈，使得12()()1f f ξξ''+=成立．。

2018年专升本（教育理论）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 教育学部分 2. 心理学部分选择题本大题共12小题，每小题2分。

在每小题所给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．首次把教育学作为一门独立学科提出来的学者是【】A．夸美纽斯B．洛克C．培根D．卢梭正确答案：C解析：本题考查独立形态教育学的产生。

英国哲学家培根作为近代实验科学的鼻祖，提出归纳法，为教育学的发展奠定了方法论的基础，首次把教育学作为一门独立的学科提了出来。

2．在当代教学理论发展中，德国教育家瓦根舍因提出的是【】A．结构主义教学理论B．教学过程最优化理论C．教学与发展理论D．范例教学理论正确答案：D解析：本题考查当代教育学理论的发展。

第二次世界大战以来，教育理论有了新的发展。

德国教育家瓦根舍因的“范例方式教学理论”，苏联赞科夫的“教学与发展理论”，美国教育家布鲁纳的“结构主义学说”，苏联教育家巴班斯基的“教学过程最优化理论”，都在一定程度上反映了教育的某些特点和规律。

故应选D。

3．青少年社会化的主要途径是【】A．家庭教育B．学校教育C．社会教育D．自我教育正确答案：B解析：本题考查青少年社会化的主要途径。

教育，特别是学校教育，是根据一定的社会要求，按照一定的目的，选择适当的教育内容，利用集中的时间，有计划、有系统地对青少年和儿童进行各方面的教育，给人的影响比较全面、系统和深刻。

故应选B。

4．在教育史上，有一种观点视教育为政治、经济的附庸。

这违背了教育的哪一特性? 【】A．阶级性B．历史性C．社会性D．相对独立性正确答案：D解析：本题考查教育的相对独立性。

教育具有相对独立性，尽管受社会生产方式的制约，但教育作为培养人的社会活动，又具有自己的相对独立性。

主要表现在：(1)教育具有自身的承继关系；(2)教育受其他社会意识形态的影响；(3)教育与社会政治经济发展不平衡。

5．《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010--2020年)》中进一步明确了我国的教育方针，其中规定的教育目的是培养【】A．德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人B．有社会主义觉悟、有文化的劳动者C．有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的“四有”人才D．又红又专的社会主义建设者正确答案：A解析：本题考查教育的目的。

2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本真题《艺术概论》1. 【单选题】图中的画作是()A. 《马拉之死》B. 《伊凡·雷帝杀子》C. 《希俄斯的屠杀》D. 《近卫军临刑的早晨》正确答案：A参考解析：【考情点拨】本题考查了绘画艺术作品的相关知识。

【应试指导】《马拉之死》是法国新古典主义运动的先驱雅克•路易•大卫的绘画作品，布面油彩，1793年创作。

作品描写了法国大革命中雅各宾党领导人之一马拉遇害的情景。

2. 【单选题】下列选项中，属于时空艺术的是()A. 戏剧、音乐B. 绘画、雕塑C. 戏剧、影视D. 文学、音乐正确答案：C参考解析：【考情点拨】本题考查了艺术分类的相关知识。

【应试指导】以艺术作品的存在方式为依据，可将艺术分为时空艺术、时间艺术和空间艺术。

戏剧、影视等属于时空艺术；音乐、文学等属于时间艺术；绘画、雕塑等属于空间艺术。

3. 【单选题】主张艺术起源于游戏的美学家是()A. 弗雷泽B. 席勒C. 克罗齐D. 柯林伍德正确答案：B参考解析：【考情点拨】本题考查了艺术活动起源的相关知识。

【应试指导】游戏说认为艺术活动起源于人类所具有的游戏本能。

一方面由于人类具有过剩的精力，另一方面是由于人类可以将这种过剩的精力投入到没有功利性的活动中，于是体现为一种自由的游戏。

德国的席勒、英国学者斯宾塞、德国学者谷鲁斯均持这样的观点。

4. 【单选题】顾恺之《洛神赋图》取材于文学作品《洛神赋》，其原作者是()A. 曹操B. 曹丕C. 曹植D. 曹冲正确答案：C参考解析：【考情点拨】本题考查了绘画艺术作品常识。

【应试指导】《洛神赋图》为东晋画家顾恺之读三国曹魏时期著名文人曹植所写的《洛神赋》后有感而画的，它是千百年来中国历史上最有影响力的名作和最为世人所传颂的名画之一。

5. 【单选题】描绘唐太宗召见松赞干布派遣的和亲使者的i画作是()A. 《清明上河图》B. 《女史箴图》C. 《游春图》D. 《步辇图》正确答案：D参考解析：【考情点拨】本题考查了绘画作品《步辇图》的相关知识。

2018全国专升本试题及答案考生注意：本试题及答案仅供参考，请以官方发布的考试内容为准。

一、选择题1. 根据题目所给的选项，选择最合适的答案。

A. 选项一B. 选项二C. 选项三D. 选项四答案： B2. 根据题目所给的选项，选择最合适的答案。

A. 选项一B. 选项二C. 选项三D. 选项四答案： C...二、填空题1. 请在横线上填写正确的答案。

题目：中国的首都是______。

答案：北京2. 请在横线上填写正确的答案。

题目：世界上最深的海沟是______。

答案：马里亚纳海沟...三、简答题1. 请简述中国历史上的四大发明。

答案：中国历史上的四大发明包括造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。

这四项发明对世界文明的发展产生了深远的影响。

2. 请简述计算机的工作原理。

答案：计算机的工作原理基于冯·诺依曼结构，包括输入设备、处理器、存储器、输出设备和控制单元。

计算机通过执行程序指令来处理数据，完成各种计算任务。

...四、论述题1. 论述全球化对当代中国经济发展的影响。

答案：全球化促进了中国与世界各国的经济交流与合作，为中国带来了大量的外国直接投资，推动了中国制造业和出口贸易的快速发展。

同时，全球化也带来了国际竞争压力，促使中国不断优化产业结构，提升创新能力。

...五、计算题1. 计算下列方程的解。

\( x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0 \)答案：方程 \( x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0 \) 的解为 \( x = 2 \) 和\( x = 3 \)。

...六、案例分析题1. 根据所给案例，分析其成功的关键因素。

答案：案例成功的关键因素包括创新的商业模式、有效的市场定位、强大的团队执行力以及对客户需求的深刻理解。

...结束语：考生在答题时，应仔细阅读题目要求，合理分配时间，确保答题的准确性和完整性。

预祝各位考生取得优异的成绩。

考生注意：本试题及答案仅供参考，请以官方发布的考试内容为准。

2018年专升本（大学语文）真题试卷选择1.下列文献中，属于国别体杂史的是( )(B)A. 《春秋》B. 《战国策》C. 《史记》D. 《汉书》解析：《春秋》是编年体史书；《战国策》是国别体杂史；《史记》是纪传体通史；《汉书》为纪传体断代史。

2.下列关于孔子的描述，错误的是( )(A)A. 倡导“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”的民本思想B. 主张治国以礼、为政以德C. 提倡“有教无类”的教育思想D. 晚年整理“六经”解析：“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”的民本思想是孟子提出的，并非是孔子思想理论。

3.巴金的“激流三部曲”是指( )(C)A. 《春蚕》《秋收》《残冬》B. 《雾》《雨》《电》C. 《家》《春》《秋》D. 《毁灭》《踪迹》《背影》解析：《春蚕》《秋收》《残冬》为茅盾的“农村三部曲”；《雾》《雨》《电》为巴金的“爱情三部曲”；《家》《春》《秋》为巴金的“激流三部曲”；《毁灭》《踪迹》《背影》是朱自清的作品。

4.《张中丞传后叙》讲述了“睢阳保卫战”的故事，同属文中英雄人物的是( )(D)A. 张巡、许远、贺兰进明B. 张巡、许远、张籍C. 许远、南霁云、张籍D. 张巡、许远、南霁云解析：《张中丞传后叙》讲述的“睢阳保卫战”中的英雄人物有张巡、许远、南霁云，贺兰进明在此役中未对巡、远二人施以援手，其非作者所认为的英雄。

5.下列诗歌在体裁上属于七言律诗的是( )(C)A. 《山居秋暝》B. 《关山月·和戎诏下十五年》C. 《蜀相》D. 《白雪歌送武判官归京》解析：《山居秋暝》为五言律诗；《关山月·和戎诏下十五年》为乐府旧题诗；《蜀相》为七言律诗；《白雪歌送武判官归京》为七言歌行体。

6.《五代史伶官传序》一文的中心论点是( )(A)A. 盛衰之理，虽日天命，岂非人事哉?B. 满招损，谦得益C. 忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身D. 祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺解析：《五代史伶官传序》从后唐庄宗李存勖征伐敌国、统一中原，又骄纵享乐、身死国灭的典型事例，归纳出“盛衰之理，虽日天命，岂非人事哉”的重要史学观点。

2018年河南省普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语一、单选题（每小题1分，共40分）1. Lovely weather,_______ ?A、is itB、isn't itC、rightD、ok2. ______ at in his way, the situation doesn't seem so desperate.A、LookingB、LookedC、Being lookedD、To look3. Mathematics ______ the language of science.A、isB、has beenC、areD、have been4. We have been there for ______ times.A、hundred ofB、hundredsC、hundreds ofD、hundred5. By the time you get to New York, I ______ for London.A、would be leavingB、am leavingC、have already leftD、shall have left6. _______ the whole situation, I wouldn't have said it.A、If I should knowB、If I knewC、If I had knownD、If I were to know7. The master was very angry and had all the slaves _____ before him.A、to be broughtB、be broughtC、broughtD、being brought8. Never before that night ______ the extent of my own power.A、had I feltC、did I feelD、I had felt9. He is determined to get a seat for the concert _____ it means standing in a queue all night.A、as ifB、even ifC、providedD、whatever10. I was very interested in _____ she told me.A、all thatB、all whichC、all whatD、that11. Only under special circumstances _______ to take make-up tests.A、are freshmen permittedB、freshmen are permittedC、permitted are freshmenD、are permitted freshmen12. What a lovely party! It's worth ______ all my life.A、rememberingB、to rememberC、to be rememberedD、being remembered13. She ran back to the kitchen, eggs _____ carefully in her hands.A、to be heldB、heldC、was heldD、holding14. It's necessary _____ the dictionary immediately.A、that he will returnB、that he returnedC、that he returnD、that he has returned15. The boy whom you lent the bike to ______ by a car.A、hitB、be hitC、having been hitD、was hit16. He will not be at the picnic, ______ to my disappointment.A、muchB、moreC、too muchD、much more17. In Britain, the best season of the year is probably ______ spring.B、lastC、latterD、late18. This is _____ wonderful party!A、so aB、such aC、suchD、so19. I can hardly imagine _______ so much money on a coat like that.A、spendingB、spendC、to spendD、spent20. We have to take a taxi _____ we can arrive at the airport earlier.A、as soon asB、in order toC、so as toD、so that21. There is a growing _______ of Australian wines among consumers.A、relativityB、regularityC、popularityD、population22. Because of ______ of time, I didn't go shopping with my sister yesterday.A、lackB、shortageC、zeroD、poverty23. Jane, my closest friend, often _______ her secrets with me.A、speaksB、sharesC、reportsD、finds24. When he came for the interview, Sam felt _____ at first, but soon calmed down.A、nervousB、excitingC、curiousD、anxiously25. We would like you to know that we greatly ______ your timely help.A、appreciateB、thankC、acceptD、admire26. The manager told his secretary to ______ a contract.A、draw inB、draw onC、draw outD、draw up27. Careless driving may_____ your life.A、costB、spendC、payD、buy28. We______ have thirty full-time and fifteen part-time employees in our company.A、currentlyB、mostlyC、likelyD、internationally29. The______ of my new job were better than the old one.A、conditionsB、positionC、bossD、pay30. The rich man ______ his poor neighbors.A、looked down toB、looked down uponC、saw down toD、saw down on31. Hard work can often _______ a lack of intelligence.A、make forB、make up forC、make atD、make out at32. The car was badly smashed up, but the driver got away without serious______ .A、damageB、woundC、painD、injury33. You must give us more time, ______ we shall not be able to make a good job of it.A、otherwiseB、whetherC、thereforeD、consequently34. You may speak______ ; say what you like.A、readilyB、willinglyC、freelyD、independently35. The autumn air felt _____ so she went to fetch a coat for her son.A、chillyB、shiveryC、chillD、cool36. He is very ______ about his ugly appearance.A、sensibleB、sensitiveC、senselessD、sentimental37. Since she is angry, we ____ leave her alone.A、had better toB、had ratherC、might haveD、might as well38. Because the company was doing more business, it was necessary to _____ the factory.A、extendB、increaseC、riseD、grow39. Breakfast is ______ in the dining room from 8 to 9:30 a.m.A、servedB、madeC、cookedD、eaten40. The date of the meeting has been _____ from the 5th to 8th June.A、postponedB、advancedC、put forwardD、brought off二、完形填空（每小题1分，共40分）“Have you eaten your meal?” It is traditionally the first sentence coming out of our 41 when we Chinese 42 each other. This 43 greeting can best show that food culture is very important in our everyday life. Whatever the 44, whether it be for business negotiation or for family gathering, people like to 45 together to make business negotiation successful or to 46 family ties. Without dining together, all gathering might be regarded 47 not satisfying and not complete. Eating does not just mean 48 the stomach; being able to enjoy a good 49 of food, and knowing what and how to eat are all viewed as a good “fortune”. There's probably 50 place in this world that has as great a 51 of delicious food as China and has a long and rich food culture as China.On the one hand, many famous people, known as epicures, 52 a lot to developing Chinese food culture. Su Dongpo, a great poet of the Song Dynasty, was famous not only for being outstanding 53 writing, but also for being talented 54 an epicure. His creation Dongpo Porkis a popular and 55 praised dish.Another person is Yuan Mei, who also plays a very important role 56 developing Chinese food culture. In his book Sui Yuan Shi Dan Yuan Mei talked about cooking 57 and northern and southern dishes systematically. This book 58 over 300 dishes popular in the 18th century China, ranging 59 exotic meat dishes 60 superb seafood.41. A、mind B、brain C、heart D、memory42. A、meet B、see C、greet D、cheat43. A、daily B、monthly C、weekly D、yearly44. A、situation B、occasion C、condition D、circumstance45. A、diner B、dinner C、dinning D、dine46. A、lengthen B、heighten C、strengthen D、broaden47. A、as B、at C、with D、to48. A、to be filled B、to fill C、filling D、being filled49. A、number B、amount C、lot D、taste50. A、no B、no other C、no others D、not51. A、variety B、various C、kind D、species52. A、distribute B、contribute C、attribute D、tribute53. A、on B、out C、of D、in54. A、for B、as C、of D、to55. A、high B、highly C、much D、more56. A、in B、at C、as D、of57. A、devices B、technology C、instruments D、techniques58. A、conceals B、reveals C、covers D、discovers59. A、from B、in C、on D、at60. A、at B、to C、and D、with三、阅读理解（每小题2分，共40分）Passage OneHoliday Accommodation Parks, sometimes referred to as motor camps, are found in towns, resorts and rural areas, often near a natural or tourist attraction. As well as offering Tent and Power Sites, accommodation can include On-site Caravans, Standard and Kitchen Cabins and Ensuite Units.Holiday Parks have central facilities for showers, toilets, cooking and laundry and most have recreational facilities such as playgrounds, TV and game rooms. For campervans and mobile homes, holiday parks offer security and protection for overnight stays. They provide access to waste and rubbish dump stations, laundry and toilet facilities. Many holiday parks also provide units with ensuite facilities and some are fully self-contained with TV, kitchen, bathroom and usually separate bedrooms.Backpacker hostels are generally independently owned where the emphasis is on getting travellers together. Most offer a mixture of shared rooms (dormitories which may be single-sex on request). Double, twin and single rooms are also available.61. You can find Holiday Accommodation Parks in the following places EXCEPT______ .A、townsB、rural areasC、resortsD、suburbs62.Which of the following statements is TRUE？A、Holiday Parks offer facilities for shower for each campervan.B、All holiday parks provide units with ensuite facilities.C、Separate bedrooms are contained by some units with ensuite facilities.D、Holiday Parks have recreational facilities such as playgrounds.63. What is the emphasis of backpacker hostels on?A、Getting travellers together.B、Offering a mixture of shared rooms.C、Offering double, twin and single rooms.D、Generating independence.64. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A、Backpackers can only live in the shared rooms.B、Backpackers can not share dormitories with opposite sex.C、Backpackers can not use single rooms.D、Backpackers can cook by themselves.65. How many kinds of accommodation options are mentioned in the passage above?A、1B、2C、3D、4Passage TwoChinese Hoisin Chicken with Asian Noodle SaladServes 46, Prep 25 mins, Cook 1 hour1.5 kg chicken drumsticks (12 drumsticks)2 tsps onion powderSliced green spring onions, to garnishSalad1/2 small savoy cabbage (700g), finely shredded2 green spring onions, finely sliced1 medium red chilli, deseeded, thinly sliced100g packet fried noodles1/2 cup dry roasted almonds, choppedDressing1/2 cup hoisin sauce1/3 cup soy sauce1/4 cup lemon juice2 tsps finely grated fresh ginger3 cloves garlic, crushed(1) To make dressing, combine all ingredients in jug. Mix well.(2) Toss chicken with onion powder. Place in a single layer in an oiled, large roasting pan.(3) Cook in a hot oven (200℃), turning halfway and brushing with pan juices, for 40 minutes. Remove pan from oven. Pour one-third of the dressing over chicken. Toss well to coat. (4) Return pan to oven. Cook, turning halfway and brushing with pan juices, for a further 20minutes, or until chicken is cooked.(5) To make salad, combine all ingredients in a bowl with remaining dressing. Toss well.(6) Serve salad with chicken. Garnish with green spring onions.66. Which of the following is NOT included in the salad?A、Green spring onions.B、Fried noodles.C、Roasted cabbage.D、Medium red chilli.67. Which statement is TRUE about garlic used as dressing according to the passage?A、It must be finely grated.B、It must be crushed.C、It must be fresh.D、It must be 3 tsps.68. What is the use of dressing?A、To coat the chicken.B、To mix with onion powder.C、To brush the chicken.D、To mix with all ingredients.69. What is the use of green spring onions?A、To make salad.B、To serve as dressing.C、To garnish the meal.D、To brush the roasting pan.70. How many people can this meal serve?A、1B、3C、5D、7Passage ThreeSafety warning and noticeBefore operating the camera, please make sure that you read and fully understand the content in this section. If you ignore and violate all safety warning notices indicated in this section, the camera warranty may be void. Meanwhile, not only the camera but also you and all other people and things around you may be severely damaged, injured, or even placed in danger of death.For your safety(1) Keep the camera and its accessories out of the reach of babies, toddlers and children. In particular, small parts such as memory cards and batteries could be easily dismantled and swallowed by them.(2) Use only the original accessories to avoid possible risks to health and property, and thus meet all related legal regulations.(3) Do not dismantle the camera under any circumstances.(4) When using the flash, do not go too close to human eyes (particularly for babies, toddlers, and children) or animal eyes. Otherwise, when the flash fires, the light may cause damage tohuman eyes or irritate animals.(5) Batteries could explode, for instance. All batteries can cause property damage, injury or burns if a conductive material such as jewelry, keys or beaded chains touch exposed terminals. The material may complete an electrical circuit and become quite hot. Exercise care in handling any battery, particularly when placing it inside your pocket, purse, or other containers with metal objects. Do not dispose of batteries in fire as they may explode.(6) To prevent electric shock, do not attempt to disassemble or repair your camera by yourself.(7) Some camera models accept no-rechargeable batteries. When using these batteries, do not charge them. Otherwise, dangers such as explosion and fire may occur.71. What can the word “void” in the first paragraph best be replaced by?A、invalidB、illegalC、vacantD、hollow72. Why should memory cards and batteries be kept out of the reach of children?A、Because children may swallow them.B、Because children may break them.C、Because children may bite them.D、Because children may lose them.73. What if one goes too close to the eyes of animals while using the flash?A、The light may hurt their eyes.B、The light may make them run away.C、The light may hurt their relationship with human beings.D、The light may make them angry.74. How to deal with batteries when they run out?A、Dispose of them in fire.B、Place them in your pocket.C、Put them with a conductive material.D、Exercise care in handling them.75. Which of the following statements is WRONG?A、Use only the original accessories.B、Do not dismantle the camera under any circumstances.C、Charge the batteries even if they are not rechargeable.D、do not attempt to repair your camera by yourself.Passage FourFEED THE BRAIN, BUT LESS SUGARWhile no single factor has been identified as the cause of Alzheimer's, it is thought that lifestyle choices, such as diet, exercise and sleep habits can all have a significant impact on the risk. In fact, research by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine has, so far, suggested that lifestyle changes related to healthy ageing look “more promising than drug studies”.For the last decade or so, researchers have been exploring the link between our modern diets and the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's, specifically the connection between sugar and the disease. A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrated that even a mild elevation of blood sugar is associated with an elevated risk of dementia.Previous research had shown a higher risk for diabetics in developing Alzheimer's. More recent research has shed further light on this, finding an intricate link between insulin resistance and the brain. Our bodies produce insulin that is necessary for the survival of brain cells, but this process goes away when a toxic protein, called ADDL, removes receptors from these cells and renders them insulin resistant. As the ADDLs accumulate, our memory can begin to deteriorate.So, what should we be feeding our bodies to give our brain the best chance? A diet low in sugar and carbohydrates and high in healthy fats is essential. Opt for “real” food above processed options and try to keep added sugar levels to a minimum (ideally between 15 and 25 grams a day). Add plenty of good fats like avocados, raw nuts and coconut and other nut oils to the diet and try a high-quality probiotic to optimise the flora in the gut.76. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the causes of Alzheimer's?A、Diet.B、Exercise.C、Mood.D、Sleep habits.77. Wha t does the sentence “lifestyle changes related to healthy ageing look more promising than drug studies” (Para.1) imply?A、We should research more on drugs.B、We should research more on lifestyle changes related to healthy ageing.C、We should promise to have more drug studies.D、We should promise to change lifestyles of those whose health is ageing.78. What's the relationship between blood sugar and risk of dementia according to Paragraph 2?A、They have positive correlation.B、They have negative correlation.C、They have no relationship.D、They have no obvious relationship.79. Which of the following statements about insulin (Para. 3) is TRUE?A、It can help the survival of brain cells.B、It can resist the ageing of brain cells.C、It can help resist ADDLs.D、It can deteriorate our memory.80. The following are all good fats EXCEPT________ .A、avocadosB、raw nutsC、coconutD、probiotic四、翻译题（每小题2分，共40分）81. 即时短信是如此便捷以至于现在大家都用它。