英语国家概况UK单选题98分

一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of overmillion.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard formof .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effortto .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of thecentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by thebeginning of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between threeof the following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House ofCommons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six27.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatismand .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economicdevelopment31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish awelfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspectsexcept .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland38.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed inthe country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/339.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry41.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools wereended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s42.About of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receivetheir remaining funds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions44.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the“Big Three”with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popularamong 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera48.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas50.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet52.is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations54.is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19thcentury.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy55.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms ofNeo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.56.is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native58.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S. Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence61.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3562.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. T exasD. Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico tothe south, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT arelocated .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66.is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and LakeOntario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks68.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the UnitedStates, particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America70.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class71.The first successful English colony in North America was founded atin .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia72.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians73.The Seven Years’War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians74.“No taxation without representation”was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies75.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston76.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston T ea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation77.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights78.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two worldwars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement79.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy80.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes85.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President86.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives91.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the followingfields except .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King orQueen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urgeof .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society”by introducing variousprograms like the following except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99.is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. AmericanMotors100.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private102.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education 103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of . A. Yale University B. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U.S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll106.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits107.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University108. is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)110.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th111.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving112. is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving113.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller115.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville117.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature118.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls119.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil120. is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T)2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(F)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(F)4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.(F)5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(T)6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(T)7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(F)8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.(T)9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F)Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)Chapter 61.The Canterbury T ales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(F)2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.(T)3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(T)4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.(T)5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.(F)6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.(F)7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".(F)8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(F)9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.(T)10.V.S.Naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.(T)Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.(F)2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.(F)3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.(F)4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.(T)5.To support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating in the war.(F)6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.(F)7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern countries.(F)8.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of。

英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪个国家？A. 美国B. 澳大利亚C. 法国D. 英国答案：C2. 英语国家中，哪个国家的首都是渥太华？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B3. 英语国家中，哪个国家的国旗是米字旗？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C4. 英语国家中，哪个国家被称为“枫叶之国”？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚5. 英语国家中，哪个国家的人口数量最多？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：A6. 英语国家中，哪个国家是英联邦成员国？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B7. 英语国家中，哪个国家是联合国安全理事会常任理事国之一？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C8. 英语国家中，哪个国家的货币单位是美元？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：A9. 英语国家中，哪个国家的国歌是《天佑女王》？B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C10. 英语国家中，哪个国家是世界面积第二大的国家？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。

答案：英国2. 英语国家中，______的国鸟是鸸鹋。

答案：澳大利亚3. 英语国家中，______的国石是钻石。

答案：加拿大4. 英语国家中，______的国树是橡树。

答案：美国5. 英语国家中，______的国花是枫叶。

答案：加拿大6. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。

答案：英国7. 英语国家中，______的国鸟是鹰。

答案：美国8. 英语国家中，______的国石是蓝宝石。

答案：英国9. 英语国家中，______的国树是雪松。

答案：澳大利亚10. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。

答案：英国三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述英语国家中，美国的文化特点。

英语国家概况选择题（英国部分）Exercise 1I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C a ndD are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statements oranswers the question.1. The United Kingdom is located in ____.A. northern EuropeB. western EuropeC. northwestern EuropeD. southeastern Europe2. The two large islands that make up the British Isles are ____.A. Scotland and IrelandB. Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and Northern IrelandD. Great Britain and Ireland3. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or theCommonwealth of Nations in ____.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19504. The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries____.A. that were once colonies of BritainB. that have a large number of British immigrantsC. that have close relations with BritainD. that have fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars5. The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from ____.A. DenmarkB. BelgiumC. FranceD. the Netherlands6. England has three main land regions. They are the Southwestern Plateau,the Pennines, and ___.A. the Eastern PlainB. the HighlandC. the Central LowlandsD. the Southern Uplands7. Scotland occupies the ____ third of the island of Great Britain in theBritish Isles.A. southernB. northernC. easternD. western8. Northern Ireland, which takes up the northern fifth of Ireland, is afourth political division of ____.A. the United KingdomB. IrelandC. ScotlandD. Wales9. Britain’s longest rivers are ____.A. the Severn and the ClydeB. the Thames and the ClydeC. the Clyde and the HumberD. the Severn and the Thames10. The largest lake in the British Isles is ____.A. Loch LomondB. Loch NeaghC. WindermereD. Ullswater11. Britain’s climate is influenced by____, a warm ocean current that passesthe western coast of the British Isles and warms them.A. the North Atlantic DriftB. the Brazil CurrentC. the Labrador CurrentD. the Falkland Current12. The English people and the English language were born from the unionof ____.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Germanic conquerors and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons13. Generally speaking the English southerners speak the type of Englishcloser to ____.A. the CockneyB. the Queen’s EnglishC. the GaelicD. the BBC English14. Although Wales has been united with England for more than 400 years, t heWelsh has kept alive ____.A. their own languageB. their own literatureC. their own traditionD. All of the above15. The Eisteddfod is a(n) ____ festival of poetry, music and other arts.A. EnglishB. ScottishC. WelshD. Irish16. Nowadays the Gaelic language, which is an ancient____, is still heard inthe Highlands and the Western Isles.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language17. Many Sc ottish names begin with M’, Mc or Mac, which means__A. father ofB. sun ofC. son ofD. some of18. In Northern Ireland ____ make up the dominant group.A. Roman CatholicsB. English ProtestantsC. non-religious peopleD. Jewish people19. Northern Ireland is small, but it is significant because of the__A. the economic problemsB. the political troublesC. the immigration issuesD. the national identity20. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War ll.They are mainly from the West Indies, India and____.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistankey 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.B 1l.A 12.D 13.D l4.D 15.C 16.D 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DExercises 2I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C a ndD are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statements or answers the question.1. The first known settlers of Britain were the ____.A. CeltsB. IberiansC. Beaker FolkD. Romans2. The Celts' religion was ____.A. BuddhismB. IslamC. DruidismD. Christianity3. Roman control was only effective in ____.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. LondonD. The southeast of Britain4. Christianity was first brought to England by the ____.A. RomansB. CeltsC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes5. The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and theypulled out in ____.A. 306 ADB. 410 ADC. 446 ADD. 1066 AD6. Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?A. The Angles.B. The Saxons.C. The Gaels.D. The Jutes.7. ____ became the first real king of England, though he did not assume thatstyle.A. OffaB. EgbertC. VortigernD. Hengist8. ____ became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.A. ColumbaB. EthelbertC. St. AugustineD. Egbert9. The Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the____century.A. 7thB. 8thC. 9thD.10th10. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans11. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Alfred the Great started the English navy.B. Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon any, making it more efficient.C. Alfred the Great established schools and formulated a legal System.D. Alfred the Great impose a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons.12. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Canute was chosen by the Witan as king of England.B. Canute was a warrior king and fought many battles against the Norman s.C. Canute divided power between Danes and Saxons.D. Canute forced Malcolm II, king of the Scots, to recognize him as overlo rd.13. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Edward the Confessor was more French than English.B. Edward the Confessor filled his court with 'foreign' favorites.C. Edward the Confessor was on very good terms with his father-in-law, Ea rl Godwin.D. Edward the Confessor appointed a Norman priest Archbishopof Canterbury.14. When Edward the Confessor died, ____was chosen by the Witan as king Of England. A. the king of NorwayB. Harold Godwinson, Earl of WessexC. Edgar, Edward's nephewD. Tostig, the deposed Earl of Northumbria15. Tostig, Harold's brother, joined____, and made an attempt to recover his lo st earldom of Northumbria.A. Harold Hardrada, King of NorwayB. Edgar, Edward's nephewC. Malcolm II, King of the ScotsD. Hardicanute16. William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in____.A. 1086B. 1066C. 1035D. 138117. William won the Battle of Hastings. Later, on____, he was crowned king of England. A. Easter Day B. St. Andrew's DayC. Christmas DayD. Boxing Day18. William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as____.A. William the ConfessorB. William Lion-HeartC. the father of the British navyD. William the Conqueror19. Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William and given to__ __.A. the Norman baronsB. the DanesC. the IrishD. the Scots20. The Norman Conquest is perhaps ____event in English history.A. a triflingB. the best-knownC. a horrifyingD. a sensational1. B2. C3. D4. A5. B6. C7. B8. C9. B l0. A11. D 12. B l3. C l4. B l5. A 16. B 17. C l8. D 19. A 20. BExercises 3I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each u nfinished stat-ement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statements or ans wers the question.1. In the reign of William I, the ____were at the bottom of the feudal scale.A. knightsB. villeinsC. lesser noblesD. freemen2. The Domesday Book was completed in____.A. 1086B. 1085C. 1087D. 10063. When William I died in Normandy in ____he left England to his second sonWilliam.A. 1100B. 1153C. 1087D. 11354. William II was known as William Rufus because of his____A. independenceB. efficiencyC. filial pietyD. red complexion5. ____ was the founder of the Plantagenet dynasty and ruled England for 35years.A. Henry IB. King StephenC. Henry IID. Count of Anjou6. William Rufus (William II) was killed by an arrow when he was hunting in__ __ inAugust l100.A. the New ForestB. PevenseyC. WinchesterD. Gloucester7. Henry II took some measures to bring the disorders of ____reign to an end.A. Henry I'sB. King Stephen'sC. William II'sD. Edward the Confessor's8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Henry II did some renovations of castles built in Stephen's time.B. Henry II recalled grants of Royal lands made by Stephen.C. Henry II strengthened the powers of his sheriffs.D. Henry II relied for armed support upon a militia made up of EnglishFreemen.9. Henry II divided the country into ____circuits and appointed travelingjudges to each of them.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Bishop's courts could punish by means of censure.B. The Bishop's courts could inflict corporal punishment.C. The Bishop's courts could punish by means of excommunication.D. The Bishop's courts could punish by mean of penance.11. After Thomas Becket rejected the Constitutions of Clarendon Henry II____.A. appointed him Chancellor of EnglandB. made him Archbishop of CanterburyC. drove him into exileD. increased the Jurisdiction of the church courts12. Thomas Becket spent ____years on the continent and returned to England in1l70.A. fourB. fiveC. sixD. seven13. The Great Charter (or Magna Carta) was signed by KingJohn at Runnyme dein____.A. 1162B. 1164C. 1210D. 121514. Simon de Montfort summoned in____ the Great Council to meet atWestminster, together with two knights from each county and two citizen sfrom each town.A. 1242B. 1258C. 1265D. 126615. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. In the 13th century a Black Rod went between the two Houses ofParliament for liaison and to discipline the members.B. In the 13th century Parliament only met by royal invitation.C. In the 13th century Parliament's role was to offer advice, not to make d ecisions.D. In the 13th century the most important part of Parliament was the Hou se of Lords.16. During the reign of ____, Wales was brought under English rule.A. Henry IIIB. Edward IC. Edward IID. Edward III17. ____ became the first prince to hold the title of Prince of Wales, whichcontinues to be borne by the eldest son of the reigning monarch.A. Richard IB. Henry IIIC. Edward IID. Edward III18. The chief demand of the peasants during the Peasant Uprising of 1381 w as____.A. the abolition of villeinageB. the punishment of the King's ministersC. the increase of wagesD. the reform of the church19. Wat Tyler was killed by William Walworth, ____.A. Archbishop of YorkB. Mayor of LondonC. Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Treasurer20. The Peasant Uprising of 1381 did not direct against____.A. the rich clergyB. the lawyersC. the landownersD. the town traders1. B2. A3.C4. D5. C6. A7. B8. A9. D l0. B11. C l2. C 13. D l4. C 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. A l9. B 20. DExercises 4I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C a ndD are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statements or answers the question.1.The name of Wars of the Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist ____.A. Charles DickensB. George ElliotC. Sir Walter ScottD. Charlotte Bronte2. Although the Wars of the Roses were fought intermittently for ____ years,ordinary people were little affected and went about their business as usual.A. 20B. 30C. 40D. 503. No less than____ nobles of royal blood were killed in the Wars of the Rose s.A. 80B. 90C. 100D. 1104. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Henry VII refilled the royal treasury through loans, subsidies, property le vies andfines.B. Henry VII forbade the nobles to keep excessive power.C. Henry VII built up England's navy and foreign trade.D. Henry VII completely neglected parliament as though it never existed.5. Henry VIII declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England in ___ _.A. 1529B. 1534C. 1535D. 15476. Queen Mary burnt at stake some ____men and women who refused to cha ngeback to the Catholic faith.A. 300B. 350C. 400D. 4507. Mary died childless and her half-sister Elizabeth came to the throne asElizabeth I in ____.A. 1547B. 1558C. 1588D. 16038. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Elizabeth I broke Mary's ties with Rome.B. Elizabeth I restored her father's independent Church of England.C. Elizabeth I's religious reform was a compromise of views.D. Elizabeth I's religious settlement was acceptable to both extreme Protest ants andardent Catholics.9. The Renaissance began in northern Italy in the early ____century, and wastypified by the universal genius of Leonardo Da Vinci.A. 11thB. 12thC. 13thD. 14th10. The English Renaissance is said to have begun in ____.A. 1422B. 1478C. 1485D. 149511. James VI of Scotland succeeded Elizabeth I and became James I of Engla ndin ____.A. 1601B. 1603C. 1615D. 162512. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Puritans believed that the Reformation had gone too far.B. The Puritans became very powerful in Parliament.C. The Puritans were very happy when they heard that Jameshad become king ofEngland.D. The Puritans called for a purer form of worship.13. The Puritans suspected James I of England being a secret ____because ofhis pro-Spanish foreign policy and his son's Spanish marriage alliance.A. BuddhistB. CatholicC. ProtestantD. Muslim14. In ____ a small group of Puritans sailed from Plymouth in the Mayflower,and found New Plymouth in America, Britain's first settlement in the NewWorld.A. 1614B. 1615C. 1620D. 162115. The Great Civil War, as it became known, lasted from ____ until 1646.A. 1639B. 1640C. 1641D. 164216. When the First Civil War broke out ____men were at Charles I's command.A. 1,000B. 2,000C. 3,000D. 4,00017. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of Englan d in 1653 by the Petition of Right.B. Oliver Cromwell crushed without mercy a rebellion in Ireland.C. Oliver Cromwell suppressed the Levellers, a group within his own army whoadvocated total religious and social equality.D. Oliver Cromwell replaced the Rump with an assembly largely chosen by himself.18. In 1660 the monarchy was restored and Charles I's son was brought backfrom ____, where he had fled for safety.A. FlandersB. FranceC. HollandD. Germany19. After the Restoration, Parliament passed a series of severe laws called____against the Puritans, now known as Conformists.A. Agreement of PeopleB. The Petition of RightC. The Clarendon CodeD. The Act of Supremacy20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Bill of Rights excluded any Roman Catholics from the succession.B. The Bill of Rights confirmed the principle of parliamentarysupremacy.C. The Bill of Rights guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lor ds and the House of Commons.D. The Bill of Rights requested that no taxes should be raised without con sent ofParliament.1.C2. B3.A4.D5.C6.A7.B8.D9.D 10.C 11.B 12.A 13. B 14. C 15.D 16.A 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.D。

Chapter One1.Blank fillings:1)England;2)Ben Nevis;3)North Sea;4)Britain;5)British;6)cotton;7)agricultural;8)Iberians;9)Birmingham;10)Liverpool2.Questions:1)To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and of the English in particular, is"reserve".2)The reluctance to communicate with others tends to give the impression of coldness, and it istrue that the English (except perhaps in the North) are nor noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.3)The English self-deprecation, mixed with their reserve, often produces a sort of general air ofindifference which appears to foreigners as a pose, difficult to understand and irritating.4)Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a moredirect method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces. 5)Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some ofthe outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.3. Terms for explanation:1) Union Jack: flag of United Kingdom: the flag of the United Kingdom, which combines the flags of England, Scotland, and Ireland.2) Lake District: region of mountains and lakes in Cumbria, northwestern England. The district extends about 50 km/30 mi from north to south and 40 km/25 mi from east to west.3) The Bible: also called the Holy Bible, the sacred book or Scriptures of Judaism and of Christianity.4) The Puritans: members of a group of Protestants in 16th- and 17th-century England and 17th-century America who believed in strict religious discipline and called for the simplification of acts of worship.5) Great Charter: document sealed by King John of England on June 15, 1215, in which he made a series of promises to his subjects that he would govern England and deal with his vassals according to the customs of feudal law (see Feudalism). Over the course of centuries, these promises have required governments in England (and in countries influenced by English tradition) to follow the law in dealing with their citizens.4. Analysis and comments:1) In the United Kingdom, the upper classes are the aristocracy and royalty, with wealth playing a less important role in class status. Many aristocratic peerages or titles have …seats‟ attached to them, with the holder of the title (e.g. Earl of Bristol) and his family being the custodians of the house, but not the owners. Many of these require high expenditures, so wealth is typically needed. Many aristocratic peerages and their homes are parts of estates, owned and run by the title holder with moneys generated by the land, rents, or other sources wealth. The middle class is the most contested of the three categories, the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the lower and upper classes. Lower class are those employed in low-paying wage jobs with very little economic security.2) It was sealed under oath by King John at Runnymede, on the bank of the River Thames near Windsor, England. Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their rights. The charter is widely known throughout the English speaking world as an important part of the protracted historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law in England and beyond.Chapter Two1.Blank fillings:1)parliamentary democracy;2)the House of Commons, the House of Lords;3)the House of Commons;4)the Queen;5)executive;6)constitution;7)European Union (EU)；8)military equipment;9)The Lord Chancellor;10)proven guilty2.Questions:1)The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history andalso by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.2)The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The termwas first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.3)There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are thetwo biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern.But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power4)The House of Commons.5)The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party wouldbecome Prime Minister.3.Terms for explanation:1)Britain‟s legislature is made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the kingin his constitutional role. The House of Commons has 651 elected Members of Parliament (MPs), who represent local constituencies. The center of parliamentary power is the House of Commons.2)The nonelected upper house of Parliament in the United Kingdom, made up of life peers,some hereditary peers, and some bishops.3)In British criminal trials the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty. Trials are inopen court and the accused is represented by a lawyer. Most cases are tried before layjustices sitting without a jury. The more serious cases are tried in the higher courts before a jury of 12 (15 in Scotland) which decides guilt or innocence.4)Actions brought to court are usually tried without a jury. Higher courts deal with morecomplicated civil cases. Most judgments are for sums of money, and the costs of an action are generally paid by the losing party.5)The Lord Chancellor is the head of the judiciary branch of government.4. Analysis and comments:1) Constitutional monarchy is a form of democratic government in which a nonpolitical monarch acts as head of state within the boundaries of a constitution, whether written or unwritten.[1] While the monarch may hold formal reserve powers and while government officially takes place in the monarch‟s name, they do not set public policy or choose political leaders. Political scientist Vernon Bogdanor, paraphrasing Thomas Macaulay, has defined a constitutional monarch as "a sovereign who reigns but does not rule." This form of government differs from absolute monarchy, in which the monarch controls political decision-making and is not effectively bound by a constitutional order.2) Debates can be witnessed very commonly in House of Commons. They take place sometimes in harmony, but more times in a very heated situation. Think about if the debates necessary in House of Commons.Chapter Three1.Blank fillings:1)Banking;2)Insurance;3)service;4)manufacturing;5)North Sea;6)Margaret Thatcher;7)military;8)1970s;9)London;10)service;11)electronics2.Questions:1)By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of theworld‟s manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.2)But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both theUnited States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.3)India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained itsindependence in 1947.4)This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with someindirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them, which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities.This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.5)While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories,by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.3.Terms for explanation:1)Conservative Party (Britain), oldest political party in the United Kingdom. The ConservativeParty evolved as the successor to the Tory Party in the 1830s. It is known in full as the Conservative and Unionist Party. The party‟s tenets of conservatism inclu de the continuance of monarchical parliamentary government. Until after the end of World War II in 1945 imperialism was also a major force in British conservatism. For decades Northern Ireland‟s major political party, the Ulster Unionist Organization, was an integral part of Britain‟s Conservative Party, but that relationship has eroded considerably. The Scottish Conservative and Unionist Association also is related to the larger unit but has a separate existence.2)Margaret Thatcher, born in 1925, British politician and the first woman to hold the office ofprime minister of the United Kingdom. The winner of three consecutive general elections, Thatcher served as prime minister from 1979 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century.3)The London Stock Exchange, one of the largest exchanges in the world, has always been afocus of international trade. In 1986 it was substantially deregulated, an event known as the Big Bang in financial circles. This led to the rapid expansion of products, markets, and numbers of employees, a movement that slowed in the early 1990s but has since rebounded.4)HSBC:HSBC Holdings plc is a British multinational banking and financial servicescompany headquartered in London, England, United Kingdom. It is one of the world‟s largest banks.5)Second Industrial Revolution: The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as theTechnological Revolution, was a phase of the larger Industrial Revolution corresponding to the latter half of the 19th century until World War I. It is considered to have begun around the time of the introduction of Bessemer steel in the 1860s and culminated in early factory electrification, mass production and the production line.4. Analysis and comments:1) Town and country planning in the United Kingdom is the part of English land law which concerns land use planning. Its goal is to ensure sustainable economic development and a better environment. Each country of the United Kingdom has its own planning system that is responsible for town and country planning devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly.2) Based on the collection of history of two countries‟ economic development, a summary can be made.Chapter Four1.Blank fillings:1)owner occupation,2)semi-detached,3)Detached houses,4)Class,5)Christmas,6)Boxing Day,7)Easter egg,8)The Guardian,9)1400,10)The Broadcasting Act2.Questions:1)There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (orapartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”2)(Open ended)3)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper.And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain‟s most popular leisure activity.The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.4)British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differencesare reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.5)While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorshipand can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.3.Terms for explanation:1)Terraced houses: refer to those individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other ateach side in a terrace or row. They often have two rooms downstairs and two bedrooms upstairs, plus a small kitchen and bathroom in a projection(突出部分) at the back. These kinds of houses are most common in inner-city areas.2)Detached houses: the most desirable houses for the British people to live in. They usuallystand alone with garden on all sides separating them a little from their neighbours. It might be one-storey house, called bungalow or two. These houses are usually built in the suburban areas.3)The Christmas Pantomime: a typical British Christmas tradition. It is a comical musical playusually based on a popular traditional children‟s story. There are two ma in characters in the play: “the principal boy”, played by a young woman, and “the Dame”（滑稽老太婆角色）, played by a man. It is a play with songs and jokes which can be enjoyed by both adults and children.4)Boxing Day: a typical British tradition celebrated on the day after Christmas. People used togive Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on this day. And now they mostly do shopping, pay visits, enjoy eating or just relax.5)The Financial Times: The Financial Times (FT) is a British English-language internationaldaily newspaper with a special emphasis on business and economic news internationally. The paper, published by Pearson PLC in London, was founded in 1888 by James Sheridan and Horatio Bottomley, and merged with its closest rival, the Financial News (which had been founded in 1884) in 1945.4.Analysis and comments:1) The United Kingdom has one of the world‟s oldest established newspaper industries. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, as the British economy began to industrialise, as the democratic franchise was extended to larger segments of the population, and as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and more newspapers began to appear. They began to influence British society and people‟s life. T ry to gather different types of newspaper and their functions as a further study.2) In cultural studies, media culture refers to the current western capitalist society that emerged and developed from the 20th century, under the influence of mass media. The term alludes to the overall impact and intellectual guidance exerted by the media (primarily TV, but also the press, radio and cinema), not only on public opinion but also on tastes and values.Chapter Five1. Blank fillings:1)Reading, Writing, Arithmetic2)A-level3)Flexibility4)Oxbridge5)glorious wit6)church7)math, physics, computer science and economics8)12th and 13th centuries9)Forty10)tutorial2.Questions:1)In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number ofstudents it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.2)The British education system is run by the state.3)Cambridge University and Oxford University.4)The goal of British education is to socialize children.5)(Open ended)3.Terms for explanation:1) middle-class man: The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a societal hierarchy. In Weberian socio-economic terms, the middle class is the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the working class and upper class. The common measures of what constitutes middle class vary significantly among cultures.2) “A-level”: A-level—is an academic qualification offered by educational bodies in the United Kingdom and the British Crown dependencies to students completing secondary or pre-university education.3) “Oxbridge”: Oxbridge is a portmanteau of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, and the term is used to refer to them collectively, often with implications of perceived superior social status. "Oxbridge" can be used as a noun referring to either or both universities or as an adjective describing them or their students.4) working-class: The working class (or lower class, labouring class, sometimes proletariat) are those employed in lower tier, subordinate jobs. These typically include blue-collar jobs, but also include large amounts of white collar and service work.5) tutorial system: At Cambridge University and Oxford University, undergraduates are taught in the tutorial system. Students are taught by faculty fellows in groups of one to three on a weekly basis. At Cambridge, these are called "supervisions" and at Oxford they are called "tutorials." One benefit of the tutorial system is that students receive direct feedback on their weekly essays or work in a small discussion setting.4.Analysis and comments:1) There are advantages in attending schools abroad. Students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. Students can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries. Students can learn foreign languages more quickly. However, there some disadvantages. Most of the students are too young to live by themselves without any living experience. Besides, being far away from their home country, they may feel lonely and homesick. Of course the costs are much.2) Knowledge/ Discipline/ hardworking/ creativity/ imagination/…。

《英语国家概况》自考真题及答案解析卷面总分：80分答题时间：70分钟试卷题量：40题一、单选题（共40题，共0分）1.Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with ________.• A.the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking• B.the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking• C.the South-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking• D.the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking 正确答案：A2.Which often following statements is not true about British coal mining?• A.Brition has used up almost all coal deposits• B.The demand for British coal has declined.• C.Petroleum, water power, and electric power replacing coal for many purposes.• D.The old British mines are narrow and deep, making it difficult to use machines正确答案：A3.For electoral purposes Britain is divided into 659 constituencies, eachof whichreturns ________to the House of Commons.• A.one member• B.two members• C.three members• D.four members正确答案：A4.In the 1970s oil was discovered in ________, but the revenue from oil didnot create an economic for Britain.• A.the English Channel• B.the Irish Sea• C.St. George's Channel• D.the North Sea正确答案：D5.In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on therecommendation of ________.• A.the Lord Chancellor• B.the Prime Minister• C.the Speaker• D.the Parliamentary Commissioner正确答案：B6.Thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes beforethe First World War, votes were granted to women over the age of________ in 1918.• A.18• B.20• C.30• D.35正确答案：C7.The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for allmen, and it took its name from “________ ”.• A.The Bill of Rights• B.The Agreement of the People• C.The People's Charter• D.The Great Charter正确答案：C8.In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when ________ becameworld famous and turned their home town of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage.• A.teh Beach Boys• B.the Rolling Stone• C.the Animals• D.the Beatles正确答案：D9.The Tories were the forerunners of ________, which still bears thisnickname today• A.the Labour Party• B.the Conservative Party• C.the Liberal Party• D.the Social Democratic Party正确答案：B10.In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ________ number ofseats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.• rgest• B.second largest• C.third largest• D.fourth largest正确答案：B11.In the United Kingdom,police officers are not allowed to join ________or to go on strike.• A.a trade union• B.a choir• C.apolitical party• D.a club正确答案：A12.Agricltural changes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries inEngland were so great that they were worthy of the term “________ ”.• A.reform• B.evolution• C.revolution• D.reformation正确答案：C13.The Mississippi, which is sometimes called ________, has played a vitalrole in the history of the United States.• A.“Old Man River ”• B.“Moon River ”• C.“Old Father River ”• D.“Mother of the United States ”正确答案：A14.The largest and smallest states of the United States are ________.• A.Alaska and Rhode Island• B.Texas and Maine• C.Texas and Rhode Island• D.Alaska and Maine正确答案：A15.A trend that occurs at the same time with the movement to the Southand the Weast of the United States is ________.• A.the flow of people to sunbelt area• B.the flow of peole from small cities to big cities• C.the growth of small towns• D.the outflow of city residents from the core cities to the suburbs 正确答案：D16.The average life expectancy of the Red Indians is ________.• A.higher than the national average• B.lower than the national average• C.about the same with the national average• D.none of the above正确答案：B17.The three Puritan traditions are ________.• A.religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learning • B.religious dissent aggressiveness and respect for learning• C.religious intolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learning • D.religious intolerance, aggressiveness, respect for achievement 正确答案：C18.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the world in the productionof ________.• A.coal• B.electricity• C.oil• D.wheat正确答案：A19.During the Second World War, Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met at________.• A.Teheran, Yalta and Potsdam• B.Teheran and Yalta• C.Yalta, Potsdam and Berlin• D.Teheran and Potsdam正确答案：B20.The New Frontier and War on Poverty were put forward respectivelyby ________.• A.Eisenhower and Kennedy• B.Johnson and Nixon• C.Johnson and Kennedy• D.Kennedy and Johnson正确答案：D21.The origin of the American party system can be traced to ________.• A.the struggle between the Royalists and revolutionaries in the War of Independence• B.the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti--Federalists• C.the struggle between those who upheld slavery and those who opposed slavery• D.none of the above正确答案：B22.The functions of institutions of higher education in the U.S. are________.• A.research and teaching• B.teaching and degree awarding• C.professional training, teaching and public service• D.teaching, research and public service正确答案：D23.In “Song of Myself ”, Whitman writes that ________.• A.woman is not worth mentioning• B.woman is not as great as man• C.woman as the mother of human beings is the greatest• D.none of the above正确答案：C24.The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ________.• A.friendship and happiness• B.peace and plenty• C.cooperation and rich reward• D.love and happiness正确答案：B25.Australia is located between ________ and the Indian Ocean.• A.the South Pacific Ocean• B.the Atlantic Ocean• C.the North Sea• D.the Arctic正确答案：A26.Australia, which is one of the world's developed countries, hasbecome rich through ________.• A.manufacturing industries• B.farming and mining• C.service industries• D.forestry and fishing正确答案：B27.Australian Aborigines believed in a creative period, usually referred toin English as ________.• A.teh Dreamland• B.the Dreaming• C.the Beginning of the World• D.the Beginning of the Universe正确答案：B28.As far as Australian culture is concerned, the history of Australia canbe divided into the following phases with the exception of ________.• A.the period of the original culture of Aboriginal people• B.the period of the dominant British culture• C.teh period of Asian culture• D.the period of a multicultural society正确答案：C29.The Mabo Judgement passed by Australia's High Court in June 1992overturned the concept of terra nullius, which means ________.• A.“land belonging to no one ”• B.“land unknown to everyone ”• C.“Wonderland ”• D.“Dreamtime ”正确答案：A30.During the 1990s many Australians called for their nation to become arepublic with ________.• A.a president replacing the British monarch as head of state• B.a prime minister replacing the governor--general as head of government• C.a governor-general replacing the British monarch as head of state• D.a president replacing the governor- general as head of government 正确答案：A31.The longest river in Canada is ________.• A.the Mackenzie• B.the St. Lawrence• C.teh Severn• D.the Yukon正确答案：A32.Why were the French troops in Canada defeated by the British duringthe Seven Years' War?• A.Because they were not used to the weather in Cananda.• B.Because they did not get support from the local people.• C.Because they did not receive the supplies they needed so badly.• D.Because the British had larger and better settlements in Canada.正确答案：C33.Which of the following is not true about Canada's manufacturingtoday?• A.Manufacturing is the most important economic activity in Canada.• B.Transportation equipment ranks as the nation's leading manufactured product.• C.Food processing is still important but it is no longer Canada's chief man ufacturing industry• D.The production of paper and paper related products is no longer important in Canada's manufacturing.正确答案：D34.When was the referendum on Quebec's future status held in Canada?• A.1994• B.1995• C.1996• D.1997正确答案：B35.Since 1971 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of ________,recognizing that cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity.• A.assimilation• B.integration• C.multiculturalism• D.gender equality正确答案：C36.In Canada the federal governments have always been formed by________.• A.the Liberal Party• B.the Progressive Conservative Party• C.either the Liberal Party or the Progressive Conservative Party• D.both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservation Party 正确答案：C37.What is Ireland called in Irish?• A.Irea• B.Aire• C.Eare• D.Eire正确答案：D38.What are Ireland's chief exports?• A.Foodstuffs(especially beef), electrical machinery, and chemicals.• B.Wool, dairy products and fruit.• C.Motor vehicles, electrical machinery and petroleum.• D.Coal, mining equipment and textiles.正确答案：A39.A fault line runs the length of New Zealand, which means that it oftenhas________.• A.floods• B.volcanic eruptions• C.earthquakes• D.droughts正确答案：C40.Which of the following is not true about the political system of NewZealand?• A.New Zealand has a written constitution.• B.New Zealand has a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy.• C.New Zealand follows the British parliamentary system with some variations.• D.New Zealand Parliament has only one chamber.正确答案：C。

（0200）《英语国家概况》复习大纲学习要点和课程考核目标参看课本最后附录页考试内容Part oneThe United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandChapter 1-10Part TwoThe Republic of IrelandChapter 11-12Part ThreeThe United States of AmericaChapter 13-22Part FourCanadaChapter 23-26Part FiveAustraliaChapter 27-32Part SixNew ZealandChapter 33-34（0200）《英语国家概况》样题及答案一．单项选择题Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. (15 %)1. There are political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. fourD. three2. The longest river in England is .A. the Tweed RiverB. the Rhine riverC. the Thames RiverD. the Seven River该题共15小题，每题一分。

请按顺序将答案写在答题纸相应的位置上。

每5个为一组，如1－5 adxxx评分标准：选对得一分。

英国部分看到37题1. What is the full name of the United KingdomIt is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. What are the two large islands that make up the British IslesThey are Great Britain and Ireland.3. What are the four political divisions部门of the United KingdomThey are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.4. Why does the United Kingdom have a mild climate, even though it lies farther north than our Heilongjiang ProvinceBecause Britai n’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream墨西哥湾流.5. How many metropolitan areas does England haveEngland has seven metropolitan areas. 大都市6. What is the backbone of EnglandIt is the Pennines.奔宁山脉7. What is the largest lake in the British IslesIt is Lough Neagh. 内伊湖8. From what languages is English derived由??而来English is mainly derived from the Anglo-Saxon and Norman-French languages.9. What is an eisteddfod诗人An eisteddfod is a Welsh festival of poetry, music and other arts.10. What have the Scottish people been famous forThe Scottish people have been famous for their close-knit clans, colorful plaid kilts, and skill as fierce warriors. 组织严密的家族、格子服饰、凶猛的战士技能11. How long was Britain under the Roman occupationBritain was under the Roman occupation for nearly 400 years.12. Why was the Roman impact upon影响the Britons surprisingly limited有限的The Roman impact on the Britons was surprisingly limited because the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class奴隶阶级and they never intermarried with与通婚the native Britons.13. When did the Anglo-Saxons begin to settle使??定居in BritainThe Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the 5th century.14. When did England begin to be Christianized基督化England began to be Christianized in 597.15. What was the result of the Synod of Whitby惠特比宗教in Yorkshire约克郡in 664The result of the Synod of Whitby was that the Roman missionaries传教士gained the upper hand上风over the Celtic missionaries. 在这次宗教会议上，罗马天主教占了优势16. What was Harold哈罗德doing when he was informed of the invasion of Northumbria by Tostig and Harold HardradaHe was in the south preparing to resist the expected attack from Normandy.17. Where did Harold defeat 战败Tostig and HardradaHarold defeated Tostig and Harold Hardrada at Stanford Bridge. 斯坦福球场18. By whom was William crowned加冕King of England in Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特教堂William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishop of York. 约克大主教随着哈罗德德死亡，安各鲁撒克逊人之英国消失了，在威斯敏斯特大教堂，约克大主教加冕威廉为英格兰国王19. What did William do after he suppressed the Saxon risings in the northHe built a string of defense castles 城堡to ensure his military军队control of the whole country.20. Was the Norman Conquest the last successful invasion of EnglandYes. The Norman Conquest was the last successful invasion of England because England has never been invaded since.21. Why did William I give his barons large estates房地产in EnglandWilliam I gave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the land?s produce.22. What was the peculiar 特权feature特色of the feudal system封建制度of EnglandAll landowners, big and small, took the oath宣誓of allegiance效忠for the land they held, not only to their immediate直接lord主, but also to the king.23. Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled 末日宣判书William I had the Domesday Book compiled because he wanted to have a reliable record of all his land, his tenants承租人and their possessions拥有；财产and to discover how much his tenants could be asked to pay by way of taxes.24. What was William I ?s policy towards the churchHe wanted to keep it completely under his control, but at the same time to uphold支持鼓励维持its power.25. Why did Henry II make Thomas Becket Archbishop大教主of CanterburyHe thought that Thomas Becket would assist him in carrying out贯彻实施legal reforms改革.26. What brought Henry II into collision 冲突矛盾with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury The exceptional异常的privileges特权enjoyed by the clergy神职，牧师brought Henry II into collision with Thomas Becket.27. What are the two aspects of the Norman legacy遗产that contributed to great domestic国内unrest 动荡in England in the 12th and 13th centuriesOne was England?s possession占有of territory领土in France. The other was Norman adherence 依附坚持to Roman Catholicism.28. Who was the French national heroine during the Hundred Year?s War who helped the French to drive the English out of France Joan of Arc.圣女贞德29. When did the government establish rules for the first time to keep down wages The government established rules for the first time to keep down wages in 1351. 30. How many peasant 农民in Kent肯特and Essex艾塞克斯were killed by Richard II ?s troop？40,000 peasants in Kent and Essex were killed by Richard II?s troops.31. What were the emblems of 象征the Houses of York and LancasterThe emblem of the House of York was a white rose and the emblem of the House of Lancaster was a red rose.32. What was the impact影响of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England The Wars of the Roses dealt处理分配a death blow 打击to feudalism 封建主义in England.33. How did Elizabeth I try to avoid troubling Parliament too often for poundsShe tried to avoid troubling Parliament by making strict economies at Court.34. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and privateThese questions were her religion, her marriage, her foreign policy, the succession to the throne, and her finance.35. How did Elizabeth I manage to maintain in friendly relationship with FranceShe managed to maintain a friendly relationship with France through her marriage alliances which were never materialized. 具体化36. When was Mary Queen of Scots executedMary Queen of Scots was executed in 1587.37. What did the destruction of the Spanish Armada show无敌舰队It showed England’s superiority as a naval power.海上强国制海权38. What was the long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot 火药阴谋The long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot has been an annual celebration of November 5, when a bonfire is lit to burn a guy and a firework display显示炫耀is arranged.39. What was Puritanism清教noted for因??而着名It was noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian平等attitudes.40. What is a constitutional宪法monarchy君主A constitutional monarchy is one whose power is limited by Parliament.41. What did the Whigs stand for in the early 19th centuryThey stood for a reduction减少in Crown patronage, sympathy towards Nonconformists非国教, and care for the interests of merchants and bankers.42. Why did changes in farming methods affect lives of millions in the 18th century Changes in farming methods affected lives of millions in the 18th century England because village and agriculture were the backbone of England at that time.43. What did the land owners want to do in the late 18th and early 19th centuries They wanted to r eplace the small farms cultivated on the “open-field” system by larger, economically more efficient farms with hedge-divided fields.44. Why was King George III nicknamed “Farmer George”King George III was nicknamed “Farmer George”because he was very enthusiastic 热衷about agricultural changes at Winsor.45. What were the two events which most alarmed the British ruling classes 统治阶级in the closing decades数十年of the 18th centuryThey were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.46. When did the British begin to transport convicts罪犯to AustraliaThe British began to transport convicts to Australia in 1788.47. What was the result of the general strike打击罢工of 1926The strike failed. The miners were forced to return to work with longer hours and lower wages even than before. Yet, outside the mining district, the strike seemed to have improved relations between the workers and the middle classes.48. Why did Edward VIII abdicate 退位in 1936 after a reign of 10 monthsEdward VIII abdicated because he wanted to marry Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced 离婚American.49. When did Britain finally become a full member of the European Economic Community 欧共体Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Community in January,1973. 50. Why was Mrs. Thatcher removed from office in 1990 It was because of her opposition反对to European Union and her imposition征收强加of an extremely unpopular flat-rate 固定税率“poll tax”人头税in place of property taxes to pay or local government service.61. Where does the Sovereign’s coronation加冕take place发生举行The Sovereign’s coronation takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.62. When is the Sovereign’s birthday officially celebratedIt is officially celebrated in June every year.63. What does the Duke of Edinburgh do when the Queen pays state visits to foreign governments He accompanies her.64. Where does the Qu een’s expenditure arising from public duties come fromThe Queen’s expenditure arising from public duties comes from the Ci vil List and government departments65. What does the term “parliament”originally meanThe term “parliament” originally means a meeting for a parley or discussion.66. What is the main function of the House of LordsThe main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of law-making.67. What is the Speaker’s task in the House of Commons英国下议院His task is to preside over the House and enforce the rules of order. 执行顺序规则68. How many counties are there in England and WalesThere are 53 counties in England and Wales.69. What are the three island areas where single-tier authorities当局官方were introduced in ScotlandThey are the Orkneys, the Shetlands and the Western Isles.70. How do local authorities in Great Britain raise revenueThey raise revenue 税收through the council tax.81. Are British people obliged to 不得不use the National Health Service国民医疗保健制度No. They are not obliged to use the service.82. What are services for elderly people aimed atServices for elderly people are aimed at helping them live at home whenever possible.83. What is the aim of the social security systemThe aim of the social security is to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need.84. At what age do men and women generally retire退休Men generally retire at the age of 65, and women at the ate of 60.85. What are the two established churches in BritainThey are the Church of England in England and the Church of Scotland in Scotland. 86. How many provinces职权省份does the Church of England have The Church of England has two provinces: Canterbury and York.87. When were the first women priests ordained in BritainThey were ordained in March 1994.88. Who founded the Salvation Army in the East of London in 1865William Booth, a great follower of John Wesley, founded the Salvation Army.89. Where do the people in London go to see the Christmas decorationsThey go to Oxford Street, Regent Street and Piccadilly to see the Christmas decorations.90. Why is December 26th called “Boxing Day”December 26th is called Boxing Day because it was formerly the custom to give “Christmas boxes”, or gifts of money, to servants and tradesmen商人on this day.91. How many kinds of state secondary schools 国立公立are there in Great Britain Three. They are grammar school, secondary modern school and comprehensive school.92. When was the Open University founded When did it begin its first courses It was founded in 1969, and it began its first courses in 1970.93. Why is the Open University so namedIt is so named because it is “open” to all to become students.94. How much money is spent on press advertising平面广告every year in Great Britain About ￡5,100 million.95. How much time do British people spend a day watching televisionPeople spend an average of over three and a half hours a day watching television. 96. How are the state-run television channels BBC1 and BBC2 financed They are financed from the sale of television licences97. How are independent channels ITV and C4 fundedThey are funded entirely by advertising. 广告98. When did the BBC begin to provide regular television broadcastsThe BBC began to provide regular television broadcasts in 1936.99. Which sport is regarded as typically EnglishCricket 板球is the most typically English sport.100. What is a “copyri ght” libraryIt is a library which is entitled to receive a free copy of every book published in the United Kingdom.。