地质词汇

Aahorizon 层位 alineation 线理atwin 双晶aalava 块熔岩 aalenian stage 阿林阶 abandon 废弃 abandoned mine 废弃的矿山 abandoned well 废孔abatis 通风隔墙 abdomen 腹部 abdominal appendage 腹肢 abdominal cavity 腹腔 abdominal fin 腹abductor 外展肌 abductor muscle 外展肌 abernathyite 水砷钾铀矿 aberration 象差abichite 光线矿 abiogenesis 自然发生 abiogeny 自然发生 abiotic factor 非生物因素 ablation 剥蚀ablation breccia 剥蚀角砾岩 ablation moraine 消融碛ablation skin 熔蚀皮ablation till 消融碛 ablykite 阿布石 abnormal 异常的 abnormal interference color 异常干涉色 abnormal metamorphism 异常变质酌 abolition 废除abrade 剥蚀abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 磨蚀台地 abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 磨蚀阶地 abrasionn test 磨耗试验 abrasive 磨料;海蚀的 abrazite 多水高岭土 absarokite 正边玄武岩 absite 钍钛铀矿 absolute age 绝对年龄 absolute black body 绝对黑体 absolute chronology 绝对年代学 absolute dating 绝对年代测定 absolute geopotential 绝对重力势 absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率 absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute structure 绝对构造absorbed water 吸附水absorbent 吸收剂absorber 吸收器absorbing well 吸水井absorption 吸收absorption axis 吸收轴absorption border 融蚀缘absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption edge 吸收端absorption factor 吸收率absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorptive capacity 吸收率absorptivity 吸收性abukumalite 铋磷灰石abundance 丰度abundance of elements 元素丰度 abundance of isotopes 同位素丰度 abundance ratio of isotopes同位素相对丰度 abysmal deposits 深海沉积物 abyss 深海abyssal 深海的abyssal benthic zone 深渊底栖带 abyssal deposits 深海沉积物 abyssal facies 深海相abyssal hills province 深海丘陵区 abyssal injection 深成贯入 abyssal rock 深成岩abyssal sediments 深海沉积物 acadialite 红菱沸石 acadian stage 阿卡德阶 acalycine 无花萼的 acalycinous 无花萼的 acanthite 螺状硫银矿 acanthoid 刺状的 acaulescent 无茎的acaulous 无茎的 acaustobiolite 非燃性生物岩 accelerated development 上升发育 acceleration 促进酌 accelerometer 加速度计 accessory 副的accessory ejecta 早成同源抛出物 accessory minerals 副矿物accidental ejecta 异源抛出物 accidental inclusion 外源包体 accidental species 偶见种accidental xenolith 外源包体acclivity 上坡 accompanying mineral 伴生矿物 accordance of summit levels 山峰高度一致 accordant junction 交合汇流 accordion fold 棱角褶皱 accretion 附加体accretion gley 结核潜育层 accretion theory 吸积理论 accretionary lapilli 团积火山砾 accumulate 堆积accumulated temperature 积温 accumulation 堆积 accumulation horizon 聚积层 accumulation moraine 堆积冰碛 accumulation terrace 堆积阶地 accumulation theory of volcano 火山堆积说 accumulation till 堆积冰碛 accumulative phase 堆积相accuracy 准确度 acephalous 无头的 acephalous larva 无头幼虫 acerous 针状的acetate 醋酸盐acetic acid 醋酸acf diagram acf图解 achavalite 硒铁矿 achiardite 坏晶石achirite 透视石 achlamydeous 无花被的 achlusite 钠滑石 achondrite 无球粒陨石 achroite 无色电气石 achromaite 浅闪石 achromatic body 消色物体 achromatic lens 消色差透镜 achromatism 消色差 achromatize 消色acicular 针状的 aciculiform 针状的acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡 acid earth 酸性白土acid humus 酸性腐殖质acid mine drainage 酸性矿水排水acid plagioclase 酸性斜长石acid rock 酸性岩acid soil 酸性土acid solution 酸性溶液acid spring 酸性泉acid treatment of oil payzone 油层酸处理acid treatment of well 井的酸处理 acidic lava 酸性熔岩acidification 酸化acidimetry 酸量滴定法acidite 酸性岩acidity 酸度acidizing of well 井的酸处理 acidophilous plants 适酸植物acidotrophic lake 酸性营养湖acidulation 酸化acline twin 翻底双晶acmite 锥辉石acotyledon 无子叶植物 acotyledonous 无子叶的acoustic basement 声波基底acoustic foundation 声波基底acoustic logging 声波测井acquired character 获得形质acre foot 英亩英尺acrobatholithic 露岩基的acrochordite 球砷锰矿acrospore 顶生孢子actinides 锕系元素actinium 锕actinolite 阳起石actinolite asbestos 阳起石石棉actinolite schist 阳起片岩actinolitic greenschist facies阳起绿色片岩相 actinometer 日射表actinometry 光化测定actinomorphic 辐射对称的 actinomorphous 辐射对称的actinomyces 放线菌类actinostele 星状中柱actinouranium 锕铀actinula 辐射幼虫activated adsorption 活化吸附activated carbon 活性炭 activated clay 活化粘土 activated complex 活化络合物 activated water 活化水 activation 活化activation analysis 活化分析 activation cross section 活化截面 activation energy 活化能 activation logging 活化测井 activation method 活化法 activation of platform 地台活化 activator 活化剂active fault 活断层active folding 活褶曲酌active glacier 活动冰川active humus 活性腐殖质 active hydrogen 活性氢active plate 移动板块active remote sensing 织式遥感active tectonic pattern 活动构造型式 active volcano 活火山active water 侵蚀性水 activity 活度activity coefficient 活度系数 activization 活化酌 activization platform block 活化台块 actual reserves 实在储藏量 actual volume 实际容积 actualily 真实 actualism 现实论 actuopalaeontology 现实古生物学 acute 急尖的acute bisectrix 锐角等分线 acutifoliate 尖叶的 adamant 硬石 adamantine 坚硬的 adamantine lustre 金刚光泽 adamantine spar 刚玉 adamellite 石英二长岩 adamine 水砷锌矿 adamite 水砷锌矿 adamsite 暗绿云母 adaptability 适应性 adaptation 适应adaptive radiation 适应辐射 adcumulate 累积岩 addition 添加additional phase 加成相adductor 收肌adductor muscle scar 收肌筋痕adelite 砷钙镁石adelogenic 显衡隐晶质的 adelpholite 铌铁锰矿adenoid 腺样的adergneiss 脉状片麻岩adhering 粘附性的;附着 adhesion 粘附adhesive disk 吸盘adhesiveness 胶糟性adiabat 绝热线adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic curve 绝热线adiabatic equilibrium 绝热平衡adiabatic heating 绝热增温adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度梯度adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic state 绝热状态adiabatic temperature gradient 绝热温度梯度 adiagnostic 隐微晶质的adigeite 镁蛇纹石adinole 钠长英板岩adipocerite 伟晶腊石adipocire 伟晶腊石adipose cell 脂细胞adit 平峒adjacent rock 围岩adjacent sea 边缘海adjoining rock 围岩adjustment 蝶admimistration 管理admission 收气adobe 灰质粘土adoral 口侧的adsorbent 吸附剂adsorbing material 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption indicator 吸附指示剂adsorptive capacity 吸附能力adular 冰长石adularia 冰长石adult 成体advance 前进adventitious plants 外来植物adventive crater 寄生火口adventive volcano 寄生火山 aecidiospore 锈孢子aeciospore 锈孢子aegirine 霓石aegirine augite 霓辉石aegirite 霓石aenigmatite 三斜闪石aeolian clastics 风成碎屑岩aeolian deposit 风积aeolian landform 风成地形aeolian soil 风积土aeration 充气aeration tissue 通气组织aeration zone 饱气带aerenchyma 通气组织aerial method of geology 航空地质甸方法 aerial photography 航空摄影学 aerial ropeway 架空死aerial survey 航空测量aerial triangulation 航空三角测量 aerify 使呈气态aerobe 需气生物 aerocartograph 航空测图仪 aerogenous rock 风成岩 aerogeography 航空地理学 aerogeology 航空地质学aerolite 石陨石aerolith 石陨石aeromagnetic survey 空磁测 aerophotogeological map 航空摄影地质图 aerophotogrammetry 航空摄影测量学 aerophotography 航空摄影学 aerophotography of geolog地质专业航空摄影 aeroplankton 大气浮游生物 aeroradioactive survey 航空放射性测量 aerosiderite 铁陨石 aerosiderolite 铁石陨石 aerosite 深红银矿 aerugite 块砷镍矿 aeschynite 易解石affiliation 亲缘关系affine deformation 均匀变形affinity 亲和力afflux 汇入 after deep 后渊aftereffect 后效aftershock 余震afwillite 桂硅钙石agalite 纤滑石 agalmatolite 寿山石 agamogony 无配子生殖agate 玛瑙age 龄期age determination 时代鉴定age of cycads 苏铁植物时代 age spectra 年龄谱ageing of colloids 胶体熟化 agent of erosion 侵蚀力agents of metamorphism 变质营力 ageostrophic wind 非地转风 agglomerate 集块岩 agglomerate lava 集块熔岩 agglomeratic 集块岩状的 agglomeration 烧结 agglutinate 粘合集块岩 agglutination 胶着 agglutinin 凝集素 aggradation 加积 aggradation terrace 堆积阶地 aggradational plain 堆积平原 aggregate 集合体 aggregation 聚集 aggressive water 侵进水 agitation 搅拌agmatite 角砾混合岩 agnatha 无颌类 agnolite 红硅钙锰矿 agnotozoic era 元古代 agpaite 钠质火成岩 agreement 协议 agricolite 闪铋矿 agricultural geology 农业地质学 agricultural geomorphology 农业地貌学 agroforestrial geology 农林地质学 agrogeology 农业地质学 agrohydrologg 农业水文学 aguilarite 辉硒银矿 aidyrlite 杂硅铝镍矿 aikinite 针硫铋铅矿 air borne radioactivity 大气放射性air chamber 气室air compressor 空气压缩机air damping 空气制动air drilling 空气钻进air drying 风干air elutriation 空气淘析air flush drilling 空气冲洗钻井air gun 空气枪air hammer 气锤air lift 气动提升机air permeability 透气性air pressure 空气压力air release valve 放气阀air sac 气囊air separating tank 空气分离罐air separator 气力分离器air shrinkage 空气收缩air vent 排气孔air volcano 气火山airborne electromagnetic method 航空电磁法 airborne electromagnetics 航空电磁法 airborne magnetic prospecting 航空磁法勘探 airborne magnetometer 航空地磁仪 airborne remote sensing 航空遥感airborne survey 航空甸airial camera 航空摄影机airview 空瞰图airy phase 艾氏相airy's spiral 艾氏螺旋 akaustobiolite 非燃性生物岩 akaustobiolith 非燃性生物岩akerite 英辉正长岩akermanite 镁黄长石akf diagram akf图解akinete 厚壁孢子akrochordite 球砷锰矿aksaite 阿氏硼镁石ala twin 轴双晶alabandine 硫锰矿alabandite 硫锰矿alabaster 雪花石膏alabastrite 雪花石膏alamosite 铅灰石alar 翼状的alary 翼状的alaskaite 铅泡铋矿 alaskite 白岗岩alate 有翼的albedo 反照率albers' equal area projectio亚尔勃斯等积投影 albertite 黑沥青albian 阿尔布阶albian stage 阿尔布阶albite 钠长石albite twin 钠长石双晶albitite 钠长石玢岩albitization 钠长石化albitophyre 钠长斑岩alboranite 紫苏变玄岩aleurolite 粉砂岩aleuropelitic 粉砂泥的aleutite 易辉安山岩alexandrite 翠绿宝石algae 藻类algae control 藻类控制algal ball 海藻饼algal biscuit 海藻饼algal coal 藻煤algal fungi 藻菌类algal limestone 藻灰岩algal reef 藻礁algal structure 藻结构alginite 藻类体algodonite 微晶砷铜矿algology 藻类学algonkian 阿尔冈纪algonkian system 阿尔冈系algovite 辉斜岩aliphatic compound 脂族化合物alizarin 二羟蒽醌alkali 碱alkali alumina metasomatism 碱氧化铝交代 alkali basaet 碱性玄武岩alkali earth metal 碱土金属alkali feldspar 碱性长石alkali flat 碱覆盖坪alkali gabbro 碱性辉长岩alkali granti 碱性花岗岩alkali lime index 碱 灰质指数alkali metal 碱金属alkali olivine basalt 碱性橄榄玄武岩 alkali pyroxene 碱性辉石alkali rock series 碱性岩系 alkali salt 碱盐alkali soil 碱土alkali syenit 碱性正长岩 alkalic rock 硷性岩alkalic ultrabasic rock 碱 超基性岩 alkalify 碱化 alkalimetry 碱量滴定法 alkaline amphibolization 碱性角闪石化 alkaline earth 碱土族 alkaline earth metal 碱土金属 alkaline metasomatism 碱性交代酌 alkaline pyroxenization 碱性辉石化 alkaline rock 硷性岩 alkaline rocks 碱性岩类 alkaline soil 碱性土 alkaline solution 碱性溶液 alkaline spring 碱泉 alkalinity 碱度 alkalipicrite 碱性苦橄岩 alkalitrophic lake 碱液营养湖 alkalization 碱化酌 alkalize 碱化alkaloid 生物碱 alkanes 链烷烃allactite 砷水锰矿 allagite 绿蔷薇辉石 allalinite 浊变辉长岩 allanite 褐帘石 alleghanyite 粒硅锰矿 allemontite 砷锑矿allite 铝铁土 allivalite 橄榄钙长岩 allobar 变压区 allocation 分配 allochemical metamorphism 异化变质 allochetite 霞辉二长斑岩 allochroite 粒榴石 allochromatic colour 假色 allochromatism 假色 allochthone 移置岩体 allochthonous 外来的 allochthonous coal 异地生成煤 allochthonous deposit 移积 allochthonous fold 移置性褶曲 allochthonous limestone 移置灰岩 alloclastic breccia 火山碎屑角砾岩 allogenic 他生的allogenic element 他生元素allogenic mineral 他生矿物allogenic succession 他生演替allomerism 异质同晶现象 allometamorphism 他变酌allometry 异速生长allomigmatite 他混合岩allomorph 同质异形的 allomorphism 同质异晶allomorphous 同质异形的allopalladium 硒钯矿allopatric polymorphism 同质多形allophane 水铝英石allophase metamorphism 他相变质alloskarn 外成夕卡岩allothigenic 他生的 allothigenous 他生的 allotriomorphic 他形的 allotriomorphic granular texture他形粒状结构 allotriomorphic structure 他形构造 allotriomorphic texture 他形结构allotrope 同素异形体 allotropic modification 同素异形体 allotropic transformation 同素异晶变化 allotropism 同素异形allotropy 同素异形allotype 异模式标本alloy 合金alluvial 冲积的alluvial apron 山麓冲积扇alluvial channel 冲积河道alluvial cone 冲积锥alluvial deposit 冲积层alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial fan deposit 冲积扇层alluvial ore deposit 冲积矿床alluvial placer 冲积砂矿床alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial sand ripples 河成砂纹alluvial sand wave 河成沙波alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluvial veneer 冲积表层alluviation 冲积alluvion 冲积层alluvium 冲积层almandine 铁铝榴石almandite 铁铝榴石alnico 铝镍钴合金alnoite 黄长煌斑岩alp 高山alpha quartz 石英alpha ray spectrometer 能谱仪alphitite 岩粉土alpides 阿尔卑斯造山带 alpine animals 高山动物alpine belt 高山带alpine orogeny 阿尔卑斯造山运动 alpine type peridotite 阿尔卑斯式橄榄岩 alpine type vein 阿尔卑斯型矿脉 alpinotype orogeny 阿尔卑斯型造山酌 alpinotype tectonics 阿尔卑斯型构造 alsbachite 榴云细斑岩 alstonite 碳碱钙钡矿altaite 碲铅矿altar 腋生的 altazimuth 经纬仪 alteration 蚀变 alteration halo 蚀变晕 alteration zone 蚀变晕altered aureole 蚀变晕altered mineral 蚀变矿物 alternant 交替的 alternate phyllotaxis 互生叶序 alternately pinnate 互生羽状的 alternating 交替 alternating layers 互层 alternation 互层 alternation of beds 互层 alternation of generations 世代交替 alternative 可选择的 altimeter 高度计 altitude 高度 altitudinal zonality 垂直分布带 alum 茂alum shale 茂页岩alum slate 茂板岩alumian 无水矾石alumina 矾土aluminate 铝酸盐 aluminite 矾石aluminum 铝alumochromite 铝铬铁矿alunite 茂石alunitization 茂石化 alunogen 毛矾石alurgite 锰云母alveolar 蜂窝状alvite 铪锆石 amagmatic 非岩浆活动的 amalgam 汞齐 amalgamation 混汞酌amarantite 红铁矾 amazonite 天河石 amazonitization 天河石化 ambatoarinite 碳酸锶铈矿 amber 钙铝榴石amberite 灰黄琥珀 ambient 外界的 ambiguity 多义性 amblygonite 磷铝石ambrite 灰黄琥珀 ambulacral foot 管足ambulacral system 步带系 ambularcral zone 步带ameba 变形虫 amendment 修正;校正 americium 镅amesite 镁绿泥石 ametaboly 无变态amethyst 紫水晶amherstite 反条正长闪长岩 amianthus 石棉amino acid metabolism 氨基酸代谢 aminobenzoic acid 氨基苯酸 ammonioborite 水铵硼石 ammonites 菊石类 amorphous 非晶质的 amorphous graphite 无定型石墨 amorphous silica 无定形硅氧 amosite 铁石棉 amount 总计amount of evaporation 蒸发量 amount of precipitation 降水量 amount of throw 纵距 ampangabeit 铌链铁铀矿ampelite 黄铁炭质页岩 amphibia 两栖类 amphibious plants 两栖植物 amphibole 闪石amphibolite 闪岩amphibolite facies 角闪岩相 amphibolization 闪石化酌 amphigene 白榴石amphigenite 白榴熔岩 amphiprotic 两性的ampholyte 两性电解质 amphoteric 两性的 amphoteric electrolyte 两性电解质 amphoteric element 两性元素 amphoteric ion 两性离子 amphoteric oxide 两性氧化物 amphoterite 无粒古橄陨石 amplexicaul 抱茎的amplifier for photocurrents 光电僚大器 amplitude 振幅 amplitude correction 振幅校正 amplitude spectrum 振幅谱 amygdale 杏仁孔 amygdaloid 杏仁岩 amygdaloidal 杏仁状的 amygdaloidal structure 杏仁状构造 amygdule 杏仁孔 anabatic wind 谷风 anabolism 合成代谢 anaboly 后加演化 anaclinal 逆向的 anadiagenesis 前进成岩酌 anaerobe 厌气微生物 anaerobic bacteria 嫌气细菌 anaerobiosis 嫌气生活 anagenesis 前进演化anal fin 臀anal gland 肛腺analbite 单斜钠长石 analcime 方沸石 analcimite 方沸岩 analcimolith 方沸岩analcite 方沸石analog 相似体 analogous organ 同功瀑 analogue 相似体 analogy 类似 analysis by sedimentation 沉积分析 analytic standard 分析标准 analytical balance 分析天平 anamesite 中粒玄武岩 anamigmatism 深溶混合岩化 anamorphic zone 合成变质带 anamorphism 合成变质 anapaite 三斜磷钙铁矿 anaseism 背震中 anastomose 网结 anastrophen 倒装法 anatase 锐钛矿 anatectic magma 深熔岩浆 anatectite 深熔混合岩 anatexis 深熔酌 anauxite 富硅高岭石 anchieutectic 近底共融的 anchimetamorphism 近变质酌 anchimonomineralic 单矿物的 anchor ice 底冰 ancient channel 古河道 ancient elephant 古大象 ancient landform 古地形 ancylite 菱锶铬矿 andalusite 红柱石 andersonite 水碳钠钙铀矿 andesine 中长石 andesite 安山岩 andesite line 安山岩线 andorite 锑铅银矿 andradite 钙铁榴石 anemoclastics 风成碎屑岩 anemophilous plant 风媒植物 anemophily 风媒 anemousite 三斜霞石 angara flora 安加拉植物群 angara shield 安加拉古陆 angaraland 安加拉古陆 angarides 安加拉古陆 angiospermous 被子的 angiosperms 被子植物angle of contact 接触角angle of draw 陷落角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of internal friction 内摩擦角angle of reflection 反射角angle of refraction 折射角angle of repose 休止角angle of strike 走向角度angle of subsidence 陷落角anglesite 硫酸铅矿angrite 钛辉无球粒陨石angular 有角的angular discordance 斜交不整合angular unconformity 钭文不整合angularity 有角angustifoliate 狭叶的anhedral 他形的anhydration 脱水anhydride 无水物anhydrite 硬石膏anhydrite formation 硬石膏层anhysteretic remanent magnetiazation非滞后剩余磁化animal charcoal 动物煤animal debris 动物残余animal theory 动物成因论animikie system 安尼迷基系animikite 铅银砷镍矿anisian 安尼巫anisodesmic structure 蛤稳变异构造 anisometric 非等轴的anisophyllous 不等叶的anisotrophism 蛤异性anisotropic 非均质的anisotropic fabric 蛤异性组构anisotropy 蛤异性anisotropy of crystals 晶体蛤异性 ankaramite 钭长辉石岩ankaratrite 橄霞玄武岩ankerite 铁白云石anna aannabergite 镍华annealing recrystallization退火重结晶酌 annelids 环节动物annerodite 铌钇铀矿annite 羟铁云母annivite 铋铜矿annual 年刊annual amount of precipitation 年降水量 annual plant 一年生植物annual ring 年轮annular 环状的annulation 环annulus 体环anomalous electric field 异常电场 anomalous extinction 异常消光 anomalous interference color 异常干涉色 anomalous lead 异常铅 anomalous upheaval 异常隆起 anomaly 异常anomite 褐云母 anonymous 不具名的 anorogenic period 非造山期 anorogenic time 非造山期 anorthite 钙长石 anorthitite 钙长岩 anorthoclase 歪长石 anorthosite 斜长岩 antagonism 对抗酌antarctic 南极antarctica 南极大陆 antecedent 先行的 antecedent precipitation index前期降雨指标 antecedent river 先成河 antecedent valley 先成谷 anteclise 台背斜 antegenetic river 原生河 antenna 触角antennule 第一触角anther 药 antheridium 精子囊antholite 直闪石 anthophyllite 直闪石anthozoa 珊烘类anthracite 无烟煤anthracite coal 无烟煤 anthraconite 沥青灰岩 anthraxolite 碳沥青 anthraxylon 纯木煤 anthropogenic factor 人为因素 anthropogeography 人类地理学 anthropoid 类人猿anthropoid apes ape 类人猿anthropology 人类学anthropophyte 人为植物anthropostratigraphy 人类地层学 antibonding electron 反键电子 anticathode 对阴极 anticlinal 背钭的 anticlinal axis 背斜轴 anticlinal bend 背斜弯曲 anticlinal dome 背斜隆起 anticlinal fault 背斜断层 anticlinal fold 背斜 anticlinal limb 背斜翼 anticlinal mountain 背斜脊 anticlinal ridge 背斜脊 anticlinal theory 背斜理论 anticlinal trap 背斜圈闭 anticlinal valley 背斜谷 anticlinal zone 背斜带 anticline 背斜 anticlinorium 复背斜 anticlise 台背斜 anticlockwise 反时针方向的 anticoincidence 反符合 antidune 反沙丘 antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性 antifluorite structure 反萤石结构 antiform 背斜型构造 antiformal syncline 背斜型向斜 antigorite 叶蛇纹石 antimonite 辉锑矿 antimony 锑antimony bloom 锑华antipathy 不相容 antipertite 反纹长石 antiseismic 抗震的 antiseptic 防腐剂 antistress mineral 反应力矿物 antisymmetrization 反对称化 antithetic fault 反向断层 antlerite 块铜矾 antofagastite 水氯铜矿anulus 体环apachite 闪辉响岩apatite 磷灰石 aperiodicity 非周期性 aperture 孔apex 背斜顶apex of shell 壳顶 aphanic 显衡隐晶质的 aphaniphyric 隐晶斑状 aphanite 隐晶岩aphanitic texture 隐晶结构 aphanitic variolitic texture隐晶球颗结构 aphotic zone 无光带 aphrosiderite 铁华绿泥石 aphthalose 钾芒硝 aphthitalite 钾芒硝 aphthonite 银铜矿aphyric 无斑隐晶质的 apical disk 顶系apical system 顶系apjohnite 锰茂aplite 细晶岩aplitic 细晶状的aplitic facies 细晶岩相aplitic texture 细晶岩构造 aplogranite 淡色花岗岩 apoandesite 脱玻安山岩 apobasalt 脱玻玄武岩 apogee 远地点apogranite 变花岗岩apolar adsorption 非极性吸附 apomagmatic 外岩浆的 apomagmatic deposit 外岩浆矿床 apophyllite 鱼眼石apophyse 岩枝apophysis 岩枝apospory 无孢生殖apparent 外观上的apparent density 视密度apparent dip 视倾斜apparent heave 视横断距apparent resistivity 视电阻率apparent resistivity curve 视电阻率曲线 apparent resistivity map 视电阻率图 apparent specific gravity 表观比重 apparent velocity 视速度 apperance of crystal 结晶外貌 apple coal 软煤applied geochemistry 应用地球化学 applied geology 应用地质学 applied geomorphology 应用地形学 applied geothermics 应用地热学 applied geothermy 应用地热学applied palaeontology 应用古生物学 applied seismology 应用地震学 appraisement 评价apron reef 石中住裙礁 aptian 阿普第阶 aptian stage 阿普第阶 aqua regia 王水 aquamarine 海蓝宝石 aquatic 水生的 aquatic animals 水栖动物 aqueduct 沟渠 aqueous deposit 水成沉积 aqueous rock 水成岩 aqueous soil 水成土 aqueous solution 水溶液 aquiclude 隔水层 aquifer 含水层 aquifer loss 含水层损失 aquifer storage 合水层储水 aquifer test 含水层试验 aquiferous 含水的 aquifuge 不透水层 aquitanian stage 阿启坦阶 aquitard 弱含水层 arachnidea 蛛形类 araeoxene 钒铅锌矿 aragonite 文石 arakawaite 磷锌铜矿 aramayoite 硫铋锑银矿 arandisite 硅锡矿 arborescent 被状arc of compression 褶皱弧arc of folding 压缩弧arch 背斜archaean era 太古代 archaeocyte 原始细胞 archaeogeology 考古地质学 archaeopteris flora 古蔽属植物群 archaeopteryx 始祖鸟属 archaeozoic 太古代的 archaian 太古代的 archbend 褶皱头部 archean 太古代archean greenstone belt 太古代绿岩带 arched structure 隆起构造 archegone 颈卵器 archegonium 颈卵器 archeomagnetism 太古磁性 archeophytic era 太古植物代 archeozoic era 太古代archetype 原始型 archipelagic apron 群岛沿边漫坡海底 archipelago 群岛 arcogenesis 地穹运动 arcogeny 地穹运动arctic 北极圈arctic air mass 北极气团arctic front 北极锋arctic plants 北极植物arctic subregion 北极亚区 arctoalpine 北极高山的 arcuate 弓形的arcuate delta 弓形三角洲 ardealite 磷石膏ardennite 锰硅铝矿area 分布区area of artesian flow 自廉区area of influence 影响区域areal eruption 区域喷溢 arenaceous 砂屑的arenaceous rock 砂质岩arenaceous texture 砂质结构arenes 粗砂arenopelitic 砂泥质的arenose 粗砂质的 arfvedsonite 钠钙闪石 argentiferous 含银的argentite 辉银矿 argentobismutite 硫银铋矿 argentojarosite 辉银黄钾铁矾 argentopyrite 含银黄铁矿argil 白粘土argillaceous 泥质的argillaceous limestone 泥质灰岩 argillite 泥岩argillization 泥化argon 氩argyrodite 硫银锗矿arid basin 干燥盆地arid landform 干旱地形arid peneplain 干旱准平原arid zone 干旱带aridity coefficient 干燥系数aridity index 干燥指数ariegite 尖榴辉岩arithmetical averaging grade算术平均品位 arithmetical averaging thickness算术平均厚度 arizonite 红钛铁矿arkite 白榴霞斑岩arkose 长石石英岩arkosic sandstone 长石石英岩armangite 砷锰矿armored cone 熔壳火山锥armored fishes 甲胄鱼纲aromatic base crude oil 芳香基原油 arrangement 配置arroyo 干谷arsenate 砷酸盐arsenic 砷arseniopleite 红砷铁矿arseniosiderite 钙砷铁矿arsenite 砷华arsenoclasite 水砷锰石arsenolite 砷华arsenomiargyrite 砷辉锑银矿arsenopyrite 毒砂arterite 层混合岩artesian aquifer 自廉层artesian basin 自廉盆地artesian ground water 自霖下水artesian pressure head 承压水位artesian spring 自联artesian water 自廉artesian well 自廉arthropoda 节肢动物artic front 北极峰 articulation 关节artificial 人为的artificial classification 人为分类 artificial crystal 人造晶体 artificial diamond 人造金刚石 artificial discharge 人工排泄artificial earth's satellite 人造地球卫星 artificial earthquake 人为地震artificial ground water 人工地下水 artificial hypocenter 人工震源artificial mineral 人造矿物artificial radio element 人工放射元素 artificial radioactivity 人工放射性 artificial recharge 人工补给 artificial satellite 人造卫星 artificial seismic source 人工震源 artificial selection 人工淘汰 artinite 纡维菱镁矿 artinsk stage 阿丁斯克阶 artinskian 阿丁斯克阶 asbestos 石棉asbestus 石棉asbolane 钴土矿asbolite 钴土矿 ascending development 上升发育 ascension theory 上升说ascent curve 上升曲线 aschaffite 云英钭煌岩 ascharite 硼镁石 aschistic 岩浆同质的 aschistic dike 未分异岩脉 aschistic dyke 未分异岩脉 aschistite 未分异岩 ascon type 单沟型 ascospore 子囊孢子ascus 子囊aseismic 无震的asexual generation 无性世代asexual reproduction 无性生殖ash bed 火山灰层ash cloud 灰云ash cone 火山灰丘ash content of coal 煤灰分ash fall 降落灰ash flow 火山灰流ash free 无灰分的ash shower 降落灰ash structure 火山灰构造 ashgillian stage 阿石极阶ashing 灰化asmanite 陨鳞石英asparagolite 黄绿磷灰石 asparagus stone 黄绿磷灰石asperite 玻质英安岩asphalt 地沥青asphalt sealing trap 沥青塞圈闭 asphaltenes 沥青质 asphaltic base crude oil 沥青基原油asphaltic pyrobitumen 焦性沥青asphaltite 沥青岩asphaltum 地沥青aspite 盾状火山asporous 无孢子的assay 试金assay balance 试金天平assay map 采样平面图assaying 试料分析assessment well 估价井assimilate 同化assimilation 岩浆的同化酌associate 使联合associate species 伴生种associate structure 伴生构造associated mineral 伴生矿物associated ore 伴生矿association 联合association of elements 元素的共生组合 assyntite 钛辉方钠正长岩assypite 钠橄辉长岩astable 不稳定的astatic 无定向的astatic magnetometer 无定向磁力仪astaticism 无定向性astatine 砹astatisation 无定向化asteroid 小行星asthenosphere 软力astian stage 阿斯蒂阶astite 红柱角页岩astrakhanite 白钠镁矾astroblem 古陨挥astrogeology 天体地质学astrophyllite 星叶石asymmetric 不对称的asymmetric carbon atom 不对称碳原子 asymmetric dispersion 不对称色散 asymmetric fold 不对称褶皱 asymmetrical 不对称的 asymmetrical anticline 不对称背斜 asymmetrical crystal monochromator 不对称结晶单色仪asymmetrical ridge 不对称山脊 asymmetry 非对称 asynchronous 异步的 atacamite 氯铜矿 atatschite 线玻正斑岩 atavism 返祖ataxic mineral deposit 不成层矿床 ataxite 角砾斑杂岩 ataxitic 角砾斑杂状的 atectonic 非构造的 atelestite 砷酸铋矿 atlantic ocean 大误atlantic suite 大误岩套 atlasspat 纤维石 atmoclast 气碎岩 atmoclastic rock 气碎岩 atmoclastics 气碎岩 atmogenic metamorphism 气生变质 atmometer 蒸发表atmophile element 亲气元素 atmosphere 大气圈 atmospheric pressure 气压atmospheric rock 气成岩 atmospheric weathering 大气风化 atmospheric window 大气窗口 atmospheric windows 大气窗口atoll 环礁atoll lake 环礁湖atoll texture 环礁结构 atomic binding 原子键atomic bond 原子键atomic disintegration 原子衰变 atomic energy level 原子能级 atomic mass unit 原子质量单位 atomic ratio 原子比atomic size 原子大小 atomic spectrum 原子光谱atomic unit 原子单位atomic volume 原子体积 atomistics 原子论atrio 火口原atrio lake 火口原湖 atriopore 围鳃腔atrium 围鳃腔 attenuation 衰减attenuation constant 衰减常数 attenuation factor 衰减常数 attraction 引力attribute 属性attrition 磨损attritus 碎集煤atypical 非典型的aubrite 顽火辉石无球粒陨石 auerlite 磷钍矿augelite 光彩石augen structure 眼状构造augengneiss 眼环片麻岩auger 螺旋钻auger drill 螺旋钻augite 辉石augitite 辉石岩aulacogene 古断槽aureole 接触圈aurichalcite 绿铜锌矿auriferous 含金的auriferous conglomerate 含金砾岩 auripigment 雌黄aurora 极光auroral zone 极光地带 australite 澳洲似黑曜岩 authigene 自生的 authigenesis 自生酌 authigenic 自生的 authigenic element 自生元素 authigenic mineral 自生矿物 authigenous 自生的auto injection 自注入 autobreccia 同生角砾岩 autobreccited lava 同生角砾岩熔岩 autocatalysis 自动催化 autochthone 原地岩体 autochthonous 原地的 autochthonous coal 原地生成煤 autochthonous deposit 原地沉积 autochthonous fold 原地褶皱 autochthonous granite 原地花岗岩 autochthonous limestone 原地灰岩 autoclases 自碎autoclast 自碎岩 autoclastic 自碎的 autoclastic rock 自碎岩 autoclave 压热器高压锅 autocorrelation function 自相关函数 autogenic succession 自发演替 autogeny 自生 autogeosyncline 自地槽 autointrusion 自侵入autolith 同源包体 autometamorphism 自变质酌 autometasomatism 自交代酌automolite 铁锌晶石 automorphic 自形的 autopneumatolysis 自气化酌 autoradiography 自动射线照相术 autotrophism 自养autotrophy 自养autotype 自型autunite 钙铀云母 auversian stage 奥伯斯阶auxiliary curve 辅助曲线auxiliary fault 副断层auxiliary joint 副节理auxiliary mineral 副矿物available relief 有效起伏 available water 可利用的水 avalanche 雪崩avalanche breccia 岩崩角砾岩aven 落水洞aventurine 砂金石average life 平均寿命avezacite 钛铁辉闪脉岩 avicennite 褐铊矿aviolite 堇云角页岩 avogadrite 氟硼钾石awaruite 铁镍矿axe stone 软玉axial 轴的axial angle 光轴角axial colour 轴色axial distribution analysis 轴向分布分析 axial plane 轴面axial plane cleavage 轴面劈理axial plane folding 轴面褶皱axial plane foliation 轴面叶理构造 axial plane schistosity 轴面片理axial ratio 轴率axial section 轴向剖面axial skeleton 轴骨axial trace 轴迹axillary 腋生的axillary bud 腋芽axinite 斧石axinitization 斧石化axiolite 椭球粒axiolith 椭球粒axiolitic 椭球粒状的axis 轴axis of rotation 旋转轴axis of rotatory reflection 回转反射轴axis of symmetry 对称轴axis plane 轴面azeotrope 共沸混合物 azeotropy 共沸性azilian age 阿齐尔时代 azimuth 方位角azimuthal equal area projection等积方位投影 azimuthal equidistant projection等距方位投影 azimuthal orthomorphic 正形方位投影 azimuthal projection 方位投影 azimuthal quantum number 方位角量子数azoic era 无生代 azurite 蓝铜矿Bbabel quartz 塔状石英 babingtonite 铁灰石 bacillite 杆雏晶束 back 背back deep 次生优地槽 back flow 逆流back radiation 逆辐射back reflection camera 逆反射照相机 back swamp 河漫滩沼泽 backfill 充填 background value 背景值backland 腹地 backpressure 回压backshore 后滨backwash 回流 backwashing method 回哩backwater 回水bacteria 细菌bacterial analysis 细菌分析 bacterielles fossil 细菌化石 baculite 杆菊石bad land 恶劣地baddeleyite 斜锆石badenite 镍铋砷钴矿 baectuite 白头岩bag of ore 矿袋bagrationite 铈黑帘石bahiaite 橄闪紫苏岩baikalite 易裂钙铁辉石bailer 簧头;捞砂筒 bajocian 巴柔阶bakerite 纤硼钙石baking coal 粘结煤balance 平衡balance resources 表内储量balanced filter 衡均滤波器balas 玫红尖晶石ball clay 球土ball diorite 球状闪长岩ball granite 球状花岗岩ball ironstone 球状铁矿石ball mill 球磨机ball porphyry 球状斑岩ball structure 球状构造ball texture 球状结构ballas 工业用球面金刚石balling 球团balsam 香胶baltic shield 波罗的地盾banakite 粗绿岩banatite 正辉英闪长岩band 带;夹层banded 带状的banded agate 带状玛瑙banded clay 带状粘土banded coal 条带状煤banded gneiss 带状片麻岩banded hematite quartzite 带状赤铁矿石英岩 banded iron ore deposit 条带状铁矿床 banded lode 带状脉banded migmatite 带状混合岩 banded ore 带状矿石 banded structure 带状构造 banded vein 带状矿脉 banding 层状bandy 带状的 bandylite 氯硼铜石bank 岸bank erosion 沙滩侵蚀bank gravel 采石坑砾石bank run gravel 采石坑砾石 bank side 河岸斜坡 banket 含金砾岩层 baotite 包头矿bar 沙洲bar theory 砂州说barb 羽支barbed drainage 倒钩水系统 barbierite 钠正长石 barchane 新月形砂丘 baric topography 气压形势 baricalcite 重解石barite 重晶石barium 钡barium anorthitite 钡斜长岩 barium feldspar 钡长石bark 胜barkevikite 棕闪石 barkhan 新月形砂丘 barlte 天青重晶岩 barn 靶恩barolite 天青重晶岩 barometric altimeter 气压测高计 barotolerancy 耐压性 barranca 峡谷barranco 峡谷 barrandite 磷铝铁石 barremian 巴列姆阶barren bed 哑层barren layer 废石层barren of coal 不含煤的 barren rock 无矿岩barren sand 无油砂层barrier 堡坝barrier reef 堡礁barrier spring 堡坝泉barrow 矸石场barthite 砷锌铜矿 bartonian 巴尔顿阶barylite 硅钡铍矿barysil 硅铅矿barysilite 硅铅矿 barysphere 重圈baryte 重晶石 barytocalcite 钡解石 barytocelestine 钡天青石 barytocelestite 钡天青石basal complex 基底杂岩basal conglomerate 底砾岩basal granule 基粒basal sandstone 基底砂岩basal structure 基底构造basalt 玄武岩basalt eclogite transformatio玄武岩榴辉岩转化 basaltic 玄武岩的basaltic andesite 玄武安山岩basaltic augite 玄武辉石basaltic hornblende 玄闪石basaltic layer 玄武岩层basaltic magma 玄武岩浆basaltic structure 玄武岩构造basaltic substratum 玄武岩基层basaltic tuff 玄武质凝灰岩 basaltic wacke 玄土basanite 碧玄岩basanitoid 玄武岩类base 底面;盐基base centered lattice 底心晶格base desaturation 脱碱酌base exchange 盐基代换base exchange capacity 盐基交换容量base flow 底流基本水流base level 基准面base level of erosion 侵蚀基准面base line 基线base of crude oil 原油的基类base plate 座板base runoff 底流基本水流base temperature 基底温度basement 基底basement complex 基底杂岩basement fold 基底褶曲basement nappe 基底推复体basic front 镁铁前缘basic rock 基性岩basic salt 碱性盐basic xenolith 基性捕虏体basicity 碱度basification 基性岩化basin 盆地basin method 盆地法basin perimeter 盆地周长。

地质专业词汇中英文对照一、地层stratigraphy宇eonothem界erathem系system统series阶stage群group组formation段member显生宇Phaneozoic Eonothem 元古宇Proterozoic Eonothem 太古宇Archaean Eonothem新生界Cenozoic Erathem第四系Quaternary System全新统Holocene Series更新统Pleistocene Series 第三系Tertiary System晚第三系Neogene System上新统Pliocene Series中新统Miocene Series早第三系Paleogene System渐新统Oligocene Series始新统Eocene Series古新统Paleocene Series中生界Mesozoic Erathem白垩系Cretaceous System侏罗系Jurassic System三叠系triassic System古生界Paleozoic Erathem二叠系Permian System石炭系Carboniferous System泥盆系Devonian System志留系Silurian System奥陶系Ordovician System寒武系Cambrian System新元古界Neoproterozoic Erathem震旦系Sinian System中元古界Mesoproterozoic Erathem 古元古界Palaeoproterozoic Erathem 地层对比stratigraphic correlation 层位horizon标志层key bed哑层barren bed缺失lacuna尖灭feather edge透镜状结构lensoid连续continuity不连续discontinuity整合conformity不整合unconformity角度不整合angular unconformity平行不整合para-unconformity产状occurrence走向strike倾角dip真倾角true dip视倾角apparent dip倾伏角plunge侧倾角pitch层理bedding层面bedding planes交错层理cross bedding二、岩性lithology粘土clay粉质粘土silty clay砂sand砾石gravel沉积岩sedimentary rock火成岩igneous rock变质岩metamorphic rock粘土岩claystone, clay rock页岩shale泥岩mudstone粉砂岩siltstone泥质粉砂岩argillaceous siltstone, pelitic siltstone, muddy siltstone砂岩sandstone泥质砂岩argillaceous sandstone, pelitic sandstone, muddy sandstone砾岩conglomerate煤coal灰岩limestone泥灰岩marl, marlstone白云岩dolomite蒸发岩evaporite岩浆岩magmatic rock, magmatite 花岗岩granite玄武岩basalt凝灰岩tuff大理岩marble片麻岩gneiss夕卡岩skarn三、矿物mineral 石英quartz长石feldspar云母mica白云母muscovite 方解石calcspar角闪石hornblende 石膏gypsum硬石膏anhydrite 石盐rock salt钾石盐sylvine光卤石carnallite溢晶石tachydrite 水氯镁石bischofite 四、颜色colour灰色gray白色white黄色yellow蓝色blue绿色green黑色black红色red棕色brown黄褐色tan深色dark浅色light暗色dull五、构造tectonics 断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reverse fault冲断层thrust走滑断层strike-slip fault 倾滑断层dip-slip fault 断层面fault surface断层线fault line地垒horst地堑graben节理joint上盘hanging wall下盘foot wall落差throw平错heave断层泥fault gouge断层角砾fault brecci海侵transgression海退regression褶曲fold背斜anticline向斜syncline褶轴fold axis轴隆区culmination轴陷区depression翼limb穹窿dome盆地basin六、水文地质hydrologic geology河流river水库reservoir泉spring地表水surface water地下水groundwater大气降水atmospheric precipitation潜水phreatic water承压水confined water层间水interstrated water地下水位groundwater level含水层aquifer, water bearing layer隔水层aquiclude, water-resisting layer 弱含水层aquitard透水层permeable bed孔隙含水层porous aquifer裂隙含水层fissured aquifer岩溶含水层karst aquifer无压含水层unconfined aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer含水岩组water-bearing formation 含水岩系water-bearing rock series 持水度water-holding capacity给水度specific yield透水性permeability富水性water yield property溶洞karst cave孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karst water补给区recharge area径流区runoff area排泄区discharge area地下径流underground runoff地下水排泄groundwater discharge降水补给precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge越流补给leakage recharge水文地质单元hydrogeological unit地下水赋存条件 groundwater occurrence水文地质条件hydrogeological condition 水文地质类型hydrogeological type地下水储存量groundwater storage地下水监测groundwater monitoring抽水试验pumping test注水试验injection test入渗试验Infiltration test水文调查hydrologic investigation渗透系数osmotic coefficient矿床充水flooding of ore deposit矿床充水条件flooding condition of ore deposit矿床充水水源Water source of ore deposit flooding 矿床充水通道flooding passage in ore deposit充水岩层flooding layer老窿水goaf water矿坑涌水量water yield of mine正常涌水量normal water yield最大涌水量maximum water yield大井法Large diameter well method开采疏干simultaneous draining in mining地下疏干underground draining地表疏干surface draining疏干钻孔drain well疏干巷道draining tunnel矿井突水water bursting in mines突水点water bursting point防水矿柱ore pillar preventing water burst矿井堵水water blocking in mines探水钻孔water exploration borehole注浆孔grouting well最高洪水位maximum flood level七、工程地质egineering geology顶板roof顶板稳定性roof stability顶板冒落带caving zone of top wall顶板裂隙带fissure zone of top wall顶板管理roof control顶板支护roof support顶板崩落collapse of roof底板floor, footwall底鼓footwall heaving岩石物理性质physical properties of rock岩石力学性质mechanical properties of rock 抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength岩爆rock burst软弱结构面weak structural plane工程地质条件engineering geologic condition 八、环境地质environmental geology岩崩rock fall滑坡landslide泥石流mud-rock flow地震earthquake地面沉降subsidence地面开裂land crack地面塌陷ground surface collapse塌陷坑collapse pit地下水污染groundwater pollution地表水污染surface water pollution污染源pollution source地下水资源枯竭 groundwater resource depletion地下水质恶化deterioration of groundwater quality 九、资源/储量resource/reserve矿产资源mineral resources储量reserves基础储量reserve base资源量resources可采储量proved reserves预可采储量probable reserves探明的measured控制的indicated推断的inferred预测的prognostic远景储量prospective reserves经济的economic边际经济的marginally economic次经济的subeconomic内蕴经济的intrinsically economic矿石ore矿层ore bed矿床ore deposit矿块ore block矿柱ore pillar, ore column矿石品位ore grade富矿体ore shoot, ore course 贫矿poor ore。

◆地质(Geology)地质年代（Geochronology ofGeologic Ages）Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）Proterozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）Palaeozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）Mesozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）Cenozoic era (erathem) 新生代（界）Sinian period (system) 震旦纪（系）Cambrian period (system) 寒武纪（系）Ordovician period (system) 奥陶纪（系）Silurian period (system) 志留纪（系）Devonian period (system) 泥盘纪（系）Carboniferous period (system) 石碳纪（系）Permian period (system) 二叠纪（系）Triassic period (system) 三叠纪（系）Jurassic period (system) 侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period (system) 白垩纪（系）Tertiary period (system) 第三纪（系）Quaternary period (system) 第四纪（系）地质构造（Geologic Structural）fault 断层normal fault 正断层reversed fault 逆断层parallel fault 平移断层joint 节理unloading joint 卸荷节理schistosity 片理bedding 层理foliation 板理（叶理）orientation of bedrock 岩层产状strike 走向dip 倾向angle of dip (dip angle ) 倾角fold 褶皱anticline 背斜syncline 向斜Monocline (homocline) 单斜dome 穹隆soft stratum 软弱岩层zone of fracture(broken zone ) 破碎带affected zone 影响带platy structure 板状构造fracture(rupture) 断裂fissure(crack/fracture) 裂隙岩石类型（Rock type）petrology 岩石学igneous rock 火成岩magmatic rock 岩浆岩lava(vocanic rock) 火山岩intrusive (invade) rock 侵入岩effusive rock 深成岩pypabussal rock 浅成岩acid rock 酸性岩inter-mediate rock 中性岩basic rock 基性岩ultrabasic rock 超基性岩granite 花岗岩porphyry 斑岩rhyolite 玢岩syenite 流纹岩trachyte 粗面岩diorite 闪长岩andesite 安山岩gabbro 辉长岩basalt 玄武岩aplite 细晶岩pegmatite 伟晶岩lamprophyre 煌斑岩diabase 辉绿岩dunite 橄榄岩pumice 浮岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩clastic rock 碎屑岩clay rock 黏土岩chemical rock 化学岩biolith 生物岩conglomerate 砾岩sandston 砂岩siltstone 粉砂岩mudstone 泥岩Shale (marly) 页岩（泥灰质）saline rock 盐岩limestone 石灰岩dolomite 白云岩marl 泥灰岩volcanic breccia 火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate 火山块集岩tuff 凝灰岩metamorphic rock 变质岩slate 板岩phyllite 千枚岩schist 片岩gneiss 片麻岩quartzite 石英岩marble 大理岩mylonite 糜棱岩migmatite 混合岩cataclasite 碎裂岩sediment(deposit) 沉积物（层）boulder 漂石、顽石cobble 卵石gravel 砾石sand 砂siltstone 粉土clay 黏土sandy clay 砂质黏土clayey sand 粘质砂土sandy loam 壤土、亚黏土regolith ( topsoil ) 浮土、表土loess 黄土laterite 红土peat 泥炭ooze 软泥、海泥Swelling clay 膨胀土造岩矿物（Rock-formingMinerals）talc 滑石gypsum 石膏graphitic 石墨mica 云母calcite 方解石fluorite 萤石apatite 磷灰石feldspar 长石quartz 石英topaz 黄玉corundum 刚玉diamand 金刚石orthoclase 正长石plagloclase 斜长石biotite 黑云母muscovite 白云母amphibole 角闪石phroxene 辉石olivine 橄榄石dolomite 白云石kaolinite 高岭石montmorillonite 蒙脱石bentonite 斑脱石、膨润土illite 伊力石garnet 石榴子石chlorite 绿泥石serpentine 蛇纹石pyrite 黄铁矿hematite 赤铁矿magnetite 磁铁矿limonite 褐铁矿工程地质（EngineeringGeology）Geotechnics ( geotechnique)土工学（土工技术、岩石工程）rock mechanics 岩石力学soil mechanics 土力学geomechanics 地质力学/岩石力学geological conditons 地质条件engineering geological problem 工程地质问题rock mass structure 岩体结构geographic and geomorphic 地形地貌geophysical phenomenon 物理地质现象hydrogeological conditions 水文地质条件natural materials 天然材料reservoir 水库settlement 沉降displacement 位移deformation 变形tectonic stress 构造应力residual stress 残余应力angle of internal friction 内摩擦角cohesion 内聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressure tunnel 压力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆盖物（层）diposit 堆积物（层）bed rock(base rock/foundationrock) 基岩firm/sound rock 坚硬岩石weak/soft rock 软弱岩石interbed 夹层zone of fracture (broken zones ) 破碎带homogeneity 均质性nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity 非均质性isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向异性Rock burst 岩爆squeez 挤压矿物质的物理性质(PhysicalCharacter of Minerals)hardness 硬度cleavage 解理luster 光泽color 颜色transparencey/pellucidity 透明度streak 条痕rent/fracture 断口crystal form 晶形岩石学(Petrology)classification 分类structure 构造应力texture 结构mineral composition 矿物组成crystalline 结晶质amorphous substance 非晶质fossil 化石degree of rounding 磨圆度degree of grains 粒度地层地貌(Stratum and Physiognomy)basin 盆地river valley 河谷river bed 河床topography 地形terrain 地势attitude 产状rock base ( batholite) 岩基rock stock 岩株rock flow 岩流rock loccolith 岩盖rock lopolith 岩盆rock dike 岩墙rock sill 岩床vein dyke 岩脉sediment(deposit) 沉积物（层）alluvium 冲积物（层）proluvium(diluvium) 洪积物（层）deluvium 坡积物（层）eluvium 残积物（层）eolian deposit 风积物（层）lake deposit 湖积物（层）marine deposit 海积物（层）glacial (drift) deposit 冰川沉积物（层）colluvial deposit (colluvium) 崩积物（层）cross-bedding 交错层geologic structure 地质构造geotectonics 大地构造学graben 地堑horst 地垒cordance(conformity) 整合discordance(unconformity) 非整合deceptive cordance /conformity 假整合地质作用(Physical GeologyAction)weathering 风化erosion 侵蚀transportation 搬运deposition/sediment 沉积denudation 剥蚀 corrasion 侵蚀、腐蚀 dissolution 溶蚀 landslide 滑坡 collapse(rock fall) 崩塌 mud flow 泥石流 earthquake 地震 intensity 烈度 magnitude 震级 土（Soil ） angle of friction 摩擦角 water content as limit 界限含水量 coarse-grained soil 粗粒土 coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数 compression modulus压缩模数consolidated-undrained (quick) shear test 固结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验 consolidated-drained (show) shear test固结不排水剪（慢剪）试验consolidation coefficient 固结系数 Darcy's law达西定律 degree of consolidation 固结度 direct shear test 直接剪切试验 distribution curve分布曲线drift soil (shifting soil/mass flow) 流土 effective angle of inner friction 有效内摩擦角 expansion ration(specific ) 膨胀率 filtering flow(seepage flow) 渗流 Prevent seepage/leakage 防渗 fine-grained soil 细粒土 hydraulic slope水力坡降 hydrostatic head method 常水头法 limit equilibrium state 极限平衡状态 liquefaction 液化 liquid limit 液限 liquidity index 液化指标 loose松散的 maximum dry density 最大干密度 method of sieving 筛分法normal stress法向应力（正应力）optimum moisture content 最优含水量 piping 管涌 plastic limit 塑限 plasticity index 塑性指标 pore water pressure 空隙水压力 porosity 空隙率 principal stress 主应力 Proctor compaction test 普氏击实试验 relative density相对密度saturability (saturation degree/percent saturation) 饱和度 saturated unit weight 饱和容重 seepage deformation 渗透变形seepage force(seepagepressure) 渗透力shear stress切向应力（剪应力） specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重 triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验unconfined compressionstrength无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated undrained test 不固结不排水剪（快剪）试验 variable head method 变水头法 void(pore) ratio 孔隙比 wet density 湿密度 aggregate 骨料 Lugeon吕容 附录1.工程结构物名称统计 concrete cutoff wall 砼防渗墙 core cutoff trench 芯墙截水槽 dam abutment 坝肩 dam axis坝轴线 dam body (embankment) 坝体 dam crest 坝顶 dam foundation 坝基 dam shell 坝壳 dam site 坝址 filter 反滤层 grout curtain 灌浆帷幕 plastic zone塑性区rock contact part 基岩连接部分rockfill riprap 堆石护坡saddle dam 副坝soil sloping core 土质斜芯墙upstream blanket 上游铺盖bridge abutment 桥台、桥肩bridge pier 桥墩shaft 竖井Cofferdam(weir) 围堰access tunnel 交通洞◆测量（Survey）adjust 校正、调整basic point 基础点compass 罗盘、指南针chainage(station number) 桩号check 校核、对照control point 控制点contour line 等高线profile 断面（图）、纵剖图topographic map 地形图指标（Indexes）compressive strength 抗压强度compressive stress 压应力graduation 级配shear strength 抗剪强度specific weight/gravity 比重stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性strain 应变surface finish 表面平整度tensile strength 抗拉强度tensile stress 拉应力thermal stress 温度应力water-cement ratio 水灰比◆开挖（Excavation)明挖（Open Excavation )bench excavation 台阶开挖foundation excavation 基础开挖local excavation 局部开挖mass(bulk) excavation 大面积开挖protective layer excavation 保护层开挖rock excavation 岩石开挖slope excavation 边坡开挖soft ground excavation 软基开挖soil excavation 土方开挖prespliting blasting 预裂爆破smooth blasting 光面爆破岩石支护(rock support)feature rock bolt 随机张拉锚杆feature rock dowel 随机砂浆锚杆feature rock reinforcement 随机加固pattern cement grouted rockdowel 系统水泥浆锚杆pattern resin grouted rock dowel 系统树脂浆锚杆pattern rock reinforcement 系统加固shotcrete anchorage 喷锚shotcrete with wire mesh 挂网喷砼steel rib 钢拱架temporary rock support 临时支护permanent rock support 永久支护基础词汇access 交通agreement 同意、协议allocation 分配、配置approval 同意、批准civil works 土建工程Employer(Client/Owner) 业主progress control 进度控制◆灌浆（Grouting）consolidation grouting 固结灌浆contact grouting 接触灌浆curtain grouting 帷幕灌浆gap grouting 接缝灌浆jet grouting 旋喷灌浆multi-stage grouting 多次灌浆pressure grouting 压力灌浆。

地理地质词汇集锦最可信地震最高洪水位最大主应力最大概率地震钻油平台钻洞动物纵向结合综合制图综合运输综合评价地图自由空间异常自由空间校正自养营养自学系统自然遗产自然生态系统自然森林自然电位法自然电位自动化制图紫外遥感子合国资源信息系统资金密集工业资本密集工业兹瓦尔特诺茨卓越周期准噶尔板块装配工业转换波砖红壤性土专题制图仪筑垒村祝阿柱状结构注水试验住宅和工作室主震型地震主量朱提周家店组重力异常场重力图重力梯度重力均衡异常重力均衡校正重力构造重力高重力低重力触探重大建设工程中周期地震仪中心地学说中西部各州中纬度荒漠中纬度草原中天山板块中天山中世纪古城中强震中碛中粒砂状中粒砂岩中厚层状中国南方中国板块中断河中等地震中层状中薄层状滞水面质子磁力仪质量底色法制印原图制图分类志留至那仆底国植物垂直台带植林知床半岛支提山支提国正韵律正阳组正旋回正射影象地图震中加速度震源孕育震源体积震源时间函数震源球震源谱震源几何学震源机制震源动力学震源定位震源道震源尺度震源参数震影震相分析震情会商震前形变震前平静震前滑动震裂带震级限值震级时间曲线震级上限震级档震级残差震后救援震害重复性震害预测震害统计震感区震电效应震磁效应震波图珍珠冲组柘县褶皱作用褶皱运动褶皱幕褶皱地震赭时国磔迦国哲罗姆派折射剖面折射面折射地震仪折射层折射波沼泽泥炭胀缩波杖林张性结构面张性断裂张节理张德勒周期张德勒运动瞻波国粘质砂土粘滑地震扎莫希奇古城泽列造林学藻类过量繁殖早期人类遗址宰比德灾害性地震运输网络运输网布局运输枢纽运输区划运输联系运输地理学孕震构造体系孕震构造云岗石窟月震仪月球章动月球潮汐月亮港约塞米蒂远震仪远震台网远场体波圆石子圆顶石屋圆瓣图原型工业化原位测试原始火球假说原始大气圈原摩加多尔元地图学冤句阈限应力预震羽黑山宇宙科学宇宙地学宇治鱼复臾那世界国有感地震区有方廷斯油气水显示邮政地理学犹太人居住区由拳永久雪线永久形变雍县雍丘雍陵雍布拉岗硬磐映震敏感井影象质量影象判读影象灰度影象分辨率影象地图影响半径影区鹰山组英雄港中心区英买力组应用地震学应用地图学应力积累应变释放应变积累应变分布图应变地震仪应变地震图印干组隐域土隐伏断层引力定律阴象易损性分析易腐作物易北河谷艺术文化景观义县阶遗迹群移流雾仪器震中猗氏伊维萨岛景观伊通火山群伊特鲁立亚伊索莱液压作用夜摩天遥测地震仪遥测地震台网氧化土养分富集养蚕业仰冲板块阳翟阳象阳夏鸯掘多罗国赝重力赝瑞利波燕山运动雁行式断裂雁列构造厌恶性行业阎牟那河盐成土岩性界线岩土界线岩体强度岩体静压力岩石质量指标岩石艺术区岩石循环岩石水理性质岩石圈断裂岩石圈地震岩石圈板块岩石漆岩石力学性质岩石静压力岩石断裂力学岩溶景观岩刻画岩浆水岩浆库岩浆活动岩浆冲击说岩画遗址岩洞教堂岩成土岩层崩落岩崩地震压性结构面压陷盆地压缩震相压缩空气震源压电式地震计循环钻井液寻阳熏香之路旋转平面波旋转断块旋转断层旋转波悬崖坡悬浮粒子续至到时续至波续发地震叙利至沙洛呐虚假设虚波阵面须昌修正布格异常休闲期耕作性脆形变地震仪行星地震学信息压缩信度河信度国新褶曲山脉新鲜面新锡德尔湖新田沟组新圣女修道院新全球构造新拉纳克新华夏式新构造期新构造欣盖提辛特拉辛涅谬尔辛哈拉加斜断口协调水系小地震硝石采石场消亡板块消减带消减板块消洪消费地理学象形图象限四分树象岛项县向量地图响应地震图襄国香醉山相片判读相关掩模相对重力值相对年代测定相变说现代地壳运动显微薄片鲜水河地震带酰罗山酰罗城掀斜运动先成水系仙女木时间夏琐夏洛茨维尔夏利玛尔公园下钻下切作用下坡风下滤过程下降漏斗下沟组下地幔下沉海岸下部地壳峡谷洞穴群细质地土壤细粒砂状细粒砂岩细砾岩细腐殖质系统识别悉氏温度表矽卡岩物理地震学武州武遂伍德布法罗午城黄土无震形变无震地形变无源地震无线地震台网无所有处天无定向磁力仪无导向工业沃达蒸汽泵站温迪亚温带落叶林温带大陆气候魏玛和德绍位移地震仪卫星影象卫星象片卫星图像判读卫星市镇卫星定位系统卫生填土法纬线跨度尾相伪圆锥投影伪圆柱投影伪方位投影维歇尔地震仪围岩韦兹莱韦泽尔韦内雷港韦尔拉韦尔吉纳微震仪微震台阵微震观测微量金属微碱水生境微观震中微观液化微观地震效应微风化微地貌挽近地壳运动完钻完全液化完全布格改正外语惯用地名外来名外黄外地核陀螺地震计脱气作用脱硫酸作用脱硅作用托考伊托尔期土蠕土壤因素土壤水分补充土壤胶体土壤耗竭土壤发生土氡土地电图象重叠图象投影变换图象数字化图象数据磁带图象识别图象模拟图象几何测定图象复合图面自动注记图根哈特图幅尺寸图伯特图表阐析图巴塔哈透水岩透镜体投子山统一震级统计地震学统层桐里山同震线同震区同相波同化带通艾廷巴克图铁质土铁拉登特罗条植填筑土天体磁场天然休止角天然磁矿天启洞穴体波震级提塘提水试验特大地震汤殿山炭质泥岩炭质塌陷破火山口碎屑沉积遂宁组酸性腐殖速度界面速度各向异性速度反演速度地震仪俗离山酥性土顺扭顺化古迹群顺层边坡睡火山水质评价水文试验水位地震波水平地震仪水力作用水力致裂法水库地震水氡异常水稻梯田水半球双磁阻地震仪双城文化统一双摆地震仪数字相关法数字图象镶嵌数字图象处理数字滤波数字地震图数量地理学数量底色法竖向地震荷载树林底层植物舒善河组疏勒国枢纽断层受控震源首震室利佛逝视频分类视电阻率市镇景观市区复苏市民塔市场导向工业史前地震实用地震学实验地质学实验地震学实际蒸散时空迁移时程分析法石造城堡石油化工业石燧石石墓群石冷水组石窟庵石见银山石盒子组施佩耶尔剩余磁性声望价值声纳遥感生屑灰岩生物异常观测生态塔生态变异生死比率生命线系统生命层渗透场深源地震面深切曲流深井地震仪深海区深部构造申布伦摄氏温度表射气作用射气系数射气测量社经地位设计标准谱上地幔计划商业网布局商业地理学扇形三角洲剡县山中小湖山西云岗石窟山弧莎车国砂质黏壤土砂质灰岩砂屑砂土液化砂泥质沙镇溪组沙羡沙溪庙组沙丘扩侵沙漠城镇沙赫利苏伯兹森林保护区色雷斯人墓色雷斯古墓色究竟天桑塔木组桑索斯桑斯苏西宫桑吉兰桑盖国家公园三轴地震计三位一体圣柱三维图程序三维地震模型三维波速结构三合地震台网三工河三分向地震仪三分量强震仪三点校正法弱风化瑞替瑞利原理瑞利波相速度软砂岩沉积软地幔乳香之路汝阴肉质植物熔岩塔熔岩被溶滤作用溶滤水日月潮日温差日晒风化日曼投影日光山韧性断层仁慈耶稣圣殿人口信息系统人工震源人工诱发地震人工水系热重力测量热异常热融作用热红外遥感热点说热点地幔柱热带旱生森林热带锋热带大陆气候绕射波群生植物群克群礁群发性地震却尔却克组全息地震图全息地震法全球重力异常全景描绘全风化全波震相分析全波理论屈浪拏国屈服应变佉陀罗山区域重力场区域应力场区域构造线区域地质构造区域地震台网区域地球化学区位型式区位系数区位商数区位三角形球状风化球面应力球对称地球琼戈尼穹丘穹隆构造庆州历史区黥基倾斜场倾滑断层强震重复间隔强震仪强震加速度仪强震加速度图强震观测强震地震学强烈热带风暴强地震学浅部构造潜在震源区潜在震源潜在地震区潜育土潜蚀潜火山地震潜火山潜伏地震钱塘江阶前正觉山前震主震型前震余震型前震迁徙障碍恰高气旋路线气体色谱气体废料气候可变性气候改良气候恶化气候变动起算震级起始震级谱烈度普通地图学普通地理图普罗万城普林斯巴赫普林塞萨剖面图法破裂网络破裂面破坏阈限地震破坏应力平衡生态系统平衡剖面平版印刷术劈裂试验碰撞带蓬莱镇组蓬莱坝组彭纳没影喷水冒砂佩乔尔斯克院欧亚地震带努比亚遗址农业风景区扭转振动仪扭转地震仪扭性结构面扭称扭摆地震计凝结高度凝灰火山渣锥鸟瞰图黏重土黏质壤土年温差年平均温度溺谷逆掩断层逆向河拟建物泥质砂岩泥晶泥灰岩段南磁极南北地震带奈斯维市内陆地震内盖夫内地幔内地核拿贡巴东穆鲁山母质层末次冰盛期模拟地震学模拟地震动模拟地震面切波面波震级面波频散面波法面波脉动仪脉冲地震法迈赫迈德陆向斜陆棚边缘地震陆界陆间裂谷系陆地震源陆地地貌陆槽陆背斜流动重力测量流动形变测量流动观测流动地震台令支令居零阳零频地震学零级地震菱铁质淋溶层临震预测临时地震台站临泾临界震级裂陷作用裂陷盆地裂隙系裂谷系裂缝喷发烈度异常烈度区划烈度评价烈度分布烈度调整寮屋聚落两座老城梁山组凉温带气候良里塔格组联合震源测定连续倾角仪连岛沙洲粒状崩解粒级理论振幅理论地震学理论地震图理论地球化学里特维尔德里氏震级里拉修道院里克特公式里加历史中心里奥阿比塞奥里昂历史遗址离子色谱分析离心水系离石黄土离散板块边界累积应力累积应变累积频数曲线累积变形雷口坡组雷根斯堡旧城雷达遥感勒罗斯控震构造体系孔下地震计孔戈尼亚斯孔多阿岩画空中重力测量空无边处天空间制图客流地理刻图抗震性能鉴定抗震设防区划抗震能力抗震加固措施抗弯曲强度抗蚀岩石抗剪断强度坎潘勘探地震仪勘探地震学勘探地球化学勘察期水位勘察加火凯鲁万开拉沙山均匀应力场均匀磁化轴均变说绝对重力值绝对重力异常绝对年龄测定绝对烈度眷属地狱瞿师罗园瞿毗霜那国聚类抽样聚合板块锯齿状断裂剧震剧县具裂隙具滑面巨厚层状巨厚层巨大都会带句章矩震级拘尸那揭罗居昌酒庄文化景观酒西酒东久能山静态震害预测静力触探静不定问题净太阳辐射井下地震仪井下测震井段鲸鱼峡谷鲸鱼保护区晶胞经线跨度经纬网格近震走时表近震震级近源地震学近期火山近代地壳运动近场地震运动近场地面运动金德代克罽宾寂静地震济阴季节性河流技术密集工业纪伊山脉计算地震学挤压构造带几何地震学几何等级集水盆地集块岩极限地震极微震极地气团吉诺卡斯特城激光遥感激发地震基座阶地基准水准测量基准面速度基准海平面基准标志基岩反应谱基岩层基性熔岩基线水准基色圣地基罗拉塔湾基多古城基底断裂基础隔震基础地震学基部掏蚀基本烈度姬路城机械地震源机械地震仪霍洛克霍雷祖修道院霍拉肖维采霍拉圣巴拉巴霍贾霍尔托巴吉货流地理火山预报火山陷落区火山筒火山碎屑岩火山喷发前兆火山喷发类型火山泥石流火山脉动火山烈度火山雷雨火山海震火山地质学火山崩流活动断裂填图活动地震带混成物绘图程序库会安古镇汇点区灰质云岩灰岩深沟灰壤灰化棕色土灰化红黄壤荒地区缓震缓洪缓波状层理环状珊瑚岛环型环流环太平洋带环境灾害环境限制环境卫星系列环极西风化学风化化探化石遗址华氏温度表华氏城华沙历史中心华北地块花园和城堡花卉山谷花岗岩年代学护土墙护林区护根互层湖震湖相湖泊沉积胡马纳草原胡家崾峡厚层状后坝组洪患宏观震中烈度宏观震中宏观震害宏观异常宏观液化宏观现场宏观前兆宏观地震资料宏观地震震中宏观地震学宏观地震效应宏观地震现象宏观地震考察宏观地震观测红色石灰土红堡横向倾斜仪横式海岸横坑开采法亨德森岛亨伯斯通亨比黑子周黑子数黑碱土核子磁力仪核震相核心边缘论合成地震剖面合成地震记录合成地面位移合成波耗碳量耗散波航空重力仪航空重力学航空照片判读航空地球化学航空磁力仪航磁测量旱峡旱成土汉萨同盟城市汉撒同盟城寒温带气候含砂含砾砂岩氦年代测定法海洋重力勘探海洋震中海洋震源海洋气候海洋环流海洋地震仪海洋地壳海洋磁力仪海洋测深海洋板块海啸地震海蚀隙海蚀平台海面升降运动海门口海底扩张假说海底地震仪海底地震勘探海底地震计海底地震海岸地貌过渡型地壳国土资源卫星国际重力公式国际和平公园贵族墓葬硅铝镁层光学图象处理光化学氧化剂光电地震计光弹性实验灌溉体系灌丛休耕法惯性应变仪惯性地震仪观测地震学顾特卜塔固体热力学固体地球化学固体地球潮汐固体地球固体潮振荡古应力场古生代花岗岩构造应力场构造应力构造性断裂构造网络构造洼地构造透镜体构造平原构造幕构造类比构造节理构造活动性构造反对称构造地形构造地貌构造地磁学构造地磁效应构造地磁构造带构造尺度构造沉陷构造沉降构造差异运动构造层位构造层构造背景弓形山组工业区景观工业扩散工程震害预测工程岩土学工程地质钻探工程地质问题工程地质图工程地质条件工程地质试验工程地质评价工程地质力学工程地质环境工程地质单元工程地震学隔火路格状水系格网座标格网数据库感应地震感观环境干燥作用概率抗震设计负震级负偏态腐生植物腐生动物俯冲带俯冲板块福生天涪县浮坞浮雕影象地图氟年代测定法扶南国缝合带蜂窝状风化峰值小区划峰谷振幅峰峰振幅风向频度图风蚀柱风蚀土脊风格主义建筑风成沉积风暴微震风暴大浪丰芽丰特努瓦粉砂土汾渭地震带芬兰堡分数比例尺分裂说分解生物分汊率分层设色表非斯老城非连续性变形非基础行业非构造性裂缝非发震断裂非地带性土壤非弹性形变飞白岩放射性示踪法放射带方位地震仪方济各会梵衍那国反象反射界面反射地震仪反射地震学反射地震勘探反射地震波法反气旋式环流反扭反馈环反聚集力反差调整凡兰吟伐腊毗国发震时刻发震区发震构造体系发震构造发震概率发震断层发电机学说二祖山二叠二次余震多年生植物多瑙河三角洲多瑙河两岸多明各会多道抗震防线多道地震仪多波段遥感多波段扫描器顿丘盾状火山对流说对流力断陷盆地断陷断头河断裂系断裂深度分类断层垭口断层小陡坎断层蠕动断层气断层面断层接触断层阶地断层几何学断层活动性断层活动段断层滑距断层带断层传播断层擦痕短周期地震仪短水准短期地震前兆动态震害预测动圈式地震仪动力地质学东海郡定量地震学定点形变测量丁威勒叠加地震记录跌水潭淀积层电阻率剖面电阻率法电子地震仪电容地震仪电动式地震仪电磁冲击波电测深法电测井点值图点源分布递发地震地转运动地转效应地转平衡地柱说地轴倾角地质营力地质应力地质旋回地质填图地质体地质年代测量地质简况地质地貌地质背景地震作用地震走时曲线地震走时表地震纵波地震周期性地震周期地震重复间隔地震震源地震震相地震震动地震噪声地震灾情地震灾害预防地震灾害预测地震灾害评估地震原生灾害地震预测地震预报对策地震有感范围地震影区地震应急预案地震应急地震易损性地震异常地震遗址地震遗迹地震仪参数地震仪标定地震遥测台网地震遥测地震谣言地震序列类型地震序列地震行波地震信号地震效应地震效率地震小区划地震系列地震位置地震位能地震位错地震尾波地震危险性地震危险图地震危险区划地震危险评价地震危险估计地震图像识别地震图像地震图地震统计学地震条件地震天文学地震天气地震体波地震台阵地震台网地震衰减地震首波地震事件地震时空分布地震声学地震深度地震射线理论地震射线地震社会学地震设计烈度地震散射地震三要素地震群地震全息照相地震趋势分析地震区划图地震前兆效应地震迁移地震谱地震剖面地震平静区地震平静期地震频度地震耦合地震能级地震能地震模拟地震面波地震盲区地震滤波地震烈度异常地震烈度区划地震烈度表地震历时地震力地震控制地震空区地震科学地震矩张量地震救助技术地震静力学地震界面地震解耦地震监视系统地震监测台网地震监测设施地震加速度图地震记录地震级数地震基本烈度地震机制地震活动异常地震活动图地震活动断层地震活动度地震活动带地震会商地震回放仪地震宏观调查地震横波地震过程地震光缆地震观测环境地震构造图地震构造区划地震构造区地震构造地震各向异性地震复发地震分布图地震放大器地震反应谱地震反演地震反射地震断层地震陡坎地震动参数地震定位地震定量地震调查地震电效应地震地质灾害地震地质效应地震地貌地震道地震错距地震初波地震成因地震成像地震场地震层序地震测震学地震参数地震不连续面地震波走时地震波速度地震波速比地震波衰减地震波传播地震避难场所地噪声地月重心地应力地衣测年法地压应力地学断面地形抬升地形匹配地形分析程序地形变测量地形变地心位置地心天顶地心体系地心距离地心角地心轨道地下水开采地下水均衡地下水观测地下河流地下工程地文因素地洼学说地图坐标网地图演绎法地图信息论地图图型地图特征码地图数学模型地图谱用地图模式论地图量算地图规范地图归纳法地图感受论地图分幅地图传输论地图表示方法地图编辑系统地图编缉地势曲线地热异常区地热对流系统地球自由振动地球自由章动地球重力地球中心角地球中心核地球运动学地球运动地球物理异常地球物理场地球外重力位地球收缩地球史地球膨胀说地球膨胀地球模型地球力学地球空间地球静力学地球进动地球基本磁场地球化学区地球化学场地球固体潮地球公转地球辐射带地球辐射地球放射性地球动力模型地球成因说地球潮汐因子地球潮汐地球变形地球变化磁场地倾斜地堑盆地地平经圈地炮地名罗马化地面振幅地面脉动地面加速度地面混波地貌旋回地貌区地貌单元地幔涌流地幔热柱地幔面波地幔流变学地幔流地幔勒夫波地幔挤入作用地幔地柱地幔地震地幔地核界面地幔底辟地幔波地理坐标网地理专名地理制图地理遥感地理相关法地理数据库地理数据采编地理剖面地理精度地理计量学地理惯性地理泛系分析地理底图地壳增厚地壳地震地壳波速结构地静压力地极移动地基稳定性地基失效地基回弹地基刚性地滚波地电仪地电法地电场地电测量地磁总强度地磁子午圈地磁轴地磁余纬度地磁事件地磁时表地磁三要素地磁漂移地磁南极地磁力地磁静日变化地磁经度地磁极性事件地磁极性期地磁极性反转地磁活动性地磁感应地磁分量地磁倒转地磁赤道地磁场要素地磁场矢量地磁参考场地磁北极地磁暴地层走向地层小区地层缺失地层间断地层代号地层超覆地层不整合地槽地台说地表震源底碛底界底辟构造笛卡尔坐标笛卡尔张量迪夫里伊迪奥西亚低液限粘土低温气候低速带低速层大铜山采矿区大同火山群大容重试验大陆主动边缘大陆增长大陆型地壳大陆消减大陆气团大陆破裂大陆碰撞大陆裂谷大陆块大陆固定论大陆复原大陆地壳大陆冰川大陆被动边缘大陆板块大隆组大羚羊保护区大雷普提斯大卡萨斯大峰山大地天顶大地水准测量大地三角测量大地控制网大地基准面大地构造体系大地构造单元大地电阻法大地电流暴大地电磁测深大地点大地测量网大地测量基线大成历史名城大爆炸假说措迪洛山脆性形变脆性断层粗质地土壤。

.一、地层stratigraphy宇 eonothemerathem 界system 系series 统stage 阶group 群formation 组member段Phaneozoic Eonothem 显生宇Proterozoic Eonothem 元古宇Archaean Eonothem 太古宇Cenozoic Erathem 新生界Quaternary System 第四系Holocene Series 全新统Pleistocene Series 更新统Tertiary System 第三系Neogene System 晚第三系Pliocene Series 上新统Miocene Series 中新统早第三系Paleogene SystemOligocene Series 渐新统Eocene Series 始新统Paleocene Series 古新统Mesozoic Erathem 中生界Cretaceous System 白垩系Jurassic System侏罗系.triassic System 三叠系Paleozoic Erathem 古生界Permian System 二叠系Carboniferous System 石炭系Devonian System 泥盆系Silurian System 志留系Ordovician System 奥陶系Cambrian System 寒武系Neoproterozoic Erathem 新元古界Sinian System震旦系Mesoproterozoic Erathem 中元古界Palaeoproterozoic Erathem 古元古界stratigraphic correlation 地层对比horizon 层位key bed 标志层barren bed 哑层lacuna 缺失feather edge 尖灭lensoid 透镜状结构continuity 连续discontinuity 不连续conformity 整合unconformity不整合角度不整合angular unconformitypara-unconformity 平行不整合occurrence 产状strike走向;..dip 倾角true dip 真倾角apparent dip 视倾角plunge 倾伏角pitch 侧倾角bedding层理bedding planes 层面cross bedding交错层理lithology 二、岩性 clay 粘土silty clay 粉质粘土sand 砂gravel砾石sedimentary rock 沉积岩igneous rock 火成岩metamorphic rock 变质岩claystone, clay rock 粘土岩shale 页岩mudstone 泥岩siltstone粉砂岩muddysiltstone, pelitic argillaceous siltstone, 泥质粉砂岩siltstone sandstone砂岩muddy sandstone, argillaceous sandstone, pelitic 泥质砂岩sandstone conglomerate 砾岩coal 煤limestone 灰岩marl, marlstone泥灰岩;..白云岩 dolomiteevaporite蒸发岩magmatic rock, magmatite 岩浆岩granite 花岗岩basalt 玄武岩tuff 凝灰岩marble 大理岩gneiss 片麻岩skarn夕卡岩三、矿物mineral石英 quartzfeldspar 长石mica 云母muscovite 白云母calcspar 方解石hornblende 角闪石gypsum 石膏anhydrite 硬石膏rock salt 石盐sylvine 钾石盐carnallite 光卤石tachydrite 溢晶石bischofite水氯镁石四、颜色colour灰色 graywhite 白色yellow黄色;..蓝色 bluegreen 绿色black 黑色red 红色brown 棕色tan 黄褐色dark 深色light 浅色dull暗色五、构造tectonics断层 faultnormal fault 正断层逆断层reverse faultthrust冲断层strike-slip fault 走滑断层dip-slip fault 倾滑断层fault surface 断层面fault line 断层线horst 地垒graben 地堑joint 节理hanging wall 上盘foot wall 下盘throw 落差heave 平错fault gouge 断层泥fault brecci断层角砾;..海侵 transgressionregression 海退fold 褶曲anticline 背斜syncline 向斜fold axis 褶轴culmination 轴隆区depression 轴陷区limb 翼dome 穹窿basin盆地六、水文地质hydrologic geology河流 riverreservoir 水库spring 泉surface water 地表水groundwater地下水atmospheric precipitation 大气降水phreatic water 潜水confined water 承压水interstrated water 层间水groundwater level地下水位aquifer, water bearing layer 含水层aquiclude, water-resisting layer 隔水层aquitard 弱含水层permeable bed 透水层porous aquifer孔隙含水层;..裂隙含水层 fissured aquiferkarst aquifer 岩溶含水层unconfined aquifer 无压含水层confined aquifer 承压含水层water-bearing formation 含水岩组water-bearing rock series 含水岩系water-holding capacity 持水度specific yield 给水度permeability透水性water yield property 富水性karst cave 溶洞pore water 孔隙水fissure water 裂隙水karst water 岩溶水recharge area 补给区runoff area 径流区discharge area 排泄区underground runoff 地下径流groundwater discharge 地下水排泄precipitation recharge 降水补给surface water recharge 地表水补给leakage recharge越流补给水文地质单元 hydrogeological unit地下水赋存条件 groundwater occurrence水文地质条件 hydrogeological condition水文地质类型 hydrogeological type地下水储存量 groundwater storage;..groundwater monitoring 地下水监测pumping test 抽水试验injection test 注水试验Infiltration test入渗试验水文调查hydrologic investigation渗透系数osmotic coefficient矿床充水flooding of ore deposit矿床充水条件flooding condition of ore deposit矿床充水水源Water source of ore deposit flooding矿床充水通道flooding passage in ore deposit充水岩层flooding layer老窿水goaf water矿坑涌水量water yield of mine正常涌水量normal water yield最大涌水量maximum water yield大井法Large diameter well method开采疏干simultaneous draining in mining地下疏干underground draining地表疏干surface draining疏干钻孔drain well疏干巷道draining tunnel矿井突水water bursting in mines突水点water bursting point防水矿柱ore pillar preventing water burst矿井堵水water blocking in mines探水钻孔water exploration borehole注浆孔grouting well;..最高洪水位 maximum flood level七、工程地质egineering geology顶板 roofroof stability顶板稳定性caving zone of top wall 顶板冒落带fissure zone of top wall 顶板裂隙带roof control 顶板管理roof support 顶板支护collapse of roof 顶板崩落floor, footwall 底板footwall heaving底鼓岩石物理性质 physical properties of rock岩石力学性质 mechanical properties of rock抗压强度 compressive strengthtensile strength 抗拉强度rock burst岩爆weak structural plane软弱结构面工程地质条件 engineering geologic condition八、环境地质environmental geology岩崩 rock falllandslide 滑坡mud-rock flow 泥石流earthquake 地震subsidence 地面沉降land crack地面开裂ground surface collapse 地面塌陷collapse pit塌陷坑;..地下水污染 groundwater pollution地表水污染surface water pollution pollution source污染源地下水资源枯竭 groundwater resource depletion地下水质恶化 deterioration of groundwater quality九、资源/储量resource/reserve矿产资源mineral resources reserves 储量reserve base 基础储量resources 资源量proved reserves 可采储量probable reserves预可采储量measured 探明的indicated 控制的inferred 推断的prognostic预测的prospective reserves 远景储量economic 经济的marginally economic 边际经济的subeconomic次经济的intrinsically economic 内蕴经济的ore 矿石ore bed 矿层ore deposit 矿床ore block矿块ore pillar, ore column 矿柱ore grade矿石品位;..富矿体 ore shoot, ore coursepoor ore贫矿;.。

aggregate聚集airsickness晕机alunite 明矾石andesite安山岩anhydrite 硬石膏annular 环形的antiform背斜asbestos石棉barite 重晶石basalt 玄武岩biotite 黑云母bog沼铁矿chalcocite辉铜矿clay粘土coloration染色Concentrate 精矿Content 含量copper 铜cumulate 沉积的deduce推论density密度diabase 辉绿岩diaspore 水铝石diatomite硅藻土Diorite闪长岩DMT= dry metro ton dolomite白云石dome 拱顶Earthy 泥土的elliptical椭圆的enargite硫砷铜矿feldspar长石gemstone宝石granodiorite 花岗闪长岩gravel沙砾guano粪化石gypsum石膏gypsum石膏harzburgite 斜方辉橄榄岩hematite 赤铁矿imparts赋予。

性质KGS kg复数lacustrine 湖中形成的laterite 铁矾土lead 铅limestone 石灰石limestone石灰岩lineament地貌，区域断陷线lodestone 天然磁石luster 光泽magnet 磁铁magnetite sand 磁铁矿砂magnetite 磁铁矿magnetite磁铁矿marble 大理石mineral composition 矿物成分mineral deposit 矿床mineral deposit by chemical sedimentation 化学沉积矿床mineral deposit by mechanical sedimentation 机械沉积矿床mineral occurrence 矿点mineral products 矿产mineral resources 矿石储量;矿产资源mineral products 矿产mineral resources 矿石储量;矿产资源minimum mining content 最小可采品位minimum mining thickness 最小可采厚度minimum mining width 最小可采厚度minimum temperature 最低温度minimum workable grade 最低可采品位minimum workable thickness 最低可采厚度mining 矿业;采矿mining compass 矿山罗盘mining geology 采矿地质学mining industry 矿业mining law 矿山法则mining limit 采区边界mining losses 开采损失mining method 开采法mining of groundwater 地下水开采mining ore grade 采矿等级mining right 采矿权mining title 开采权minium 铅丹Nickel 镍ophiolite蛇绿岩, 蛇纹石perlite 珍珠岩PleistocenePliocene上新世的relict 残余的rust铁锈sedimentary沉积岩silica硅skarn硅卡岩smectite 蒙脱石spring 裂开stratigrapfy地层学，地层streak 条纹synform向斜talc云母thrust fault冲断层topographic地质的，地形学上的tuffaceous 凝灰质的tuff凝灰岩Zinc 锌Alluvium冲击层Miocene中新世的sediment 沉积物Oligocene渐新世的Rubble碎石，瓦砾dike 岩墙，岩脉quartz石英hornblande 角闪石pegmatite 结晶花岗岩gabbro 辉长岩layered 成层的，层状的，分层interlayer夹层chromite铬铁矿dunite纯橄榄岩metamorphic变质的stratigraphic地层的crustal地壳的pyroxenite辉岩iherzolite二辉橄榄岩moho 地壳与地幔界限ultramafic超碱的，超基性的crystal水晶，结晶体magma岩浆lengend 图例laterite 铁矾土cretaceous白垩纪的paleogene早第三纪pyroclastic碎屑物agglomerate集块岩karst岩溶matrix 脉石，基质aphanitic 隐晶质的porphyritic斑岩的chloritization 绿混石化chlorite 绿泥石pyrite 黄铁矿longitude 经度latitude 纬度altitude /elevation 海拔，高度symbiotic共生的meteorology 气象学hydrogeology水文地质学drainage排水lithology 岩石学adjacent 邻近的aguifer含水层geothermal地温azimuth 方位角intercalated 夹层metamorphose 变质phenocryst 斑晶holocrystalline 金晶质的argillic 泥土的chalcophyrite 黄铜矿bornite 斑铜矿galena 方铅矿sphalerite 闪铅矿chalcopyrite 黄铜矿spillway 溢洪道chalcocite 辉铜矿hematite 赤铁矿mesothermal 中等温度的HAS-high altitude system高海拔系统Hectare公顷Inundate淹没tropical 热带的contour 等高线，轮廓，外形statute法定英里nautical mile 海里tertiary 第三纪的quarternary 第四纪dissemination矿染nodular 结核状prograding delta前积三角洲prograding shoreline 推进海岸线，外伸海岸线flood plain 河漫滩pebble 鹅卵石cobble 中砾石serpentine 蛇纹石orthopyroxenite斜方辉岩intercalate置入lagoonal泻湖uplift 隆起，抬升detrital碎屑质longshore current沿岸流littoral 海岸的fluvial terrace海岸阶丘small scale mining permit (SSMP)小规模采矿许可mineral processing permit 选矿许可financial and technical assistance applicationFTAA财政和技术援助申请mining lease contract采矿租赁合同reconnaissance勘察calcareous 石灰质的，碳酸钙的siltstone泥沙岩shale页岩submarine海底的Holocene全新世的Eocene始新世的Lava 熔岩Conglomerate砾岩Cenozoic 新生代Augite斜辉石Plagioclase斜长石Clastic碎片状的Interbedded夹层Amphibolite闪岩Antidine背斜Unconsolidated松散的Fluvial河流的bedded rock层状岩polymictic conglomerate多杂质砾岩polymactic多系混合型湖泊polymactic rocks复相碎屑岩wacke玄武土aphyric无斑隐晶质phyllite干枚岩，硬绿泥石foliated 层状的，片状的bedding 层理Paleocene 古新世Mesozoic 中生代rubble 碎石tuff 凝灰岩carbonaceous 碳质的foliation片理indurate硬化granular 粒状的actinolite 阳起石schist 片岩Jurassic 侏罗纪Triassic 三叠纪porous 多孔的crossbedding 交错层slabby 板状的arkosic 长石砂质的fossiliferous 含化石的marly 泥灰的crystalline 水晶般的pluton 深成岩体，火成岩monzonite 二长岩syenite 正长岩feldspar 长石aphyric 无斑隐晶质的manganiferous 含锰的tectonic 地壳构造的undifferentiated 未分化岩石greywacke 硬砂岩epidote绿帘石schistosity 片理norite 苏长岩troctlite 橄长岩anorthosite斜长岩amygdaloidal杏仁状的canvass fieldwork vicinity。

地球科学词汇串讲NO.2（陆地地貌）earth 地球terrene ['teri:n] n.地球,陆地。

adj.土质的。

terrestrial [təˈrɛstriəl] 地球的大陆continent 大陆【引】The Continent（大写）固定用法指欧洲大陆。

mainland 大陆山脉cordillera [,kɔ:di'ljεərə] 山脉；山系range 山脉高原plateau ['plætəu, plæ't-] 高原；平稳时期, 稳定状态, 停滞时期。

highland 高地，高原tableland 高原，台地平原plain 平原；champaign [,ʃæm'pein]n. 平原；原野草原grassland 草原，牧场savanna [sə'vænə] 热带草原prairie ['prεəri] 大草原；牧场tundra ['tʌndrə] 多数位于北极圈的)冻土带;苔原, 冻原。

其他hills 丘陵basin 盆地沙漠desert 沙漠dune 沙丘sandbank 沙丘沼泽marsh 沼泽swamp 沼泽moor 沼泽bog 沼泽【拓】沼泽是指地表过湿或有薄层常年或季节性积水，土壤水分几达饱和，生长有喜湿性和喜水性沼生植物的地段。

雨林oasis [əu'eisis, 'əuəsis] 绿洲selva (尤指南美洲亚马孙河沿岸的)热带雨林tropical rainforest 热带雨林峡谷gorge 峡谷canyon 峡谷gulch 峡谷rift valley 裂谷【引】East African Rift Valley：东非大裂谷，世界上最大的裂谷，最深达2000米，宽30～100公里，全长6000公里，长度相当于地球周长1/6，有人形象地将其称为“地球表皮上的一条大伤痕”。

一、地质专用词语DAILY-USED DESCRIPIO(常用描述内容)：10.show显示：油显示及显示颜色(oil show & show color)：显示类型及气味(type of show & gas odor)：油类型(oil type)：例：Siltstone:粉砂岩（在MLREM中用SILTS）LT GY to LT BRNish GY ,Firm ,mod HD-HD, subplaty ,sandy I/P,V ARG I/P & occ Grade to very-fine sands, TR MICA & GYP, No CalC.浅灰~浅褐灰色，中硬、硬~极硬，次板状，局部细砂质，局部泥质重，少量为粉细砂级，少见云母及石膏，无钙质。

GY-DK GY,OCC BRN GY,FRM-MODHD,SL Arg I/P & occ grade to fine sands , contained BLKcarb matter, TR MICA.灰~深灰色，偶见褐灰色，中硬、硬，局部少量泥质，局部见细砂级颗粒，含黑色碳质矿物，少量云母。

Claystone(泥岩)：LT GY to LT BRNish GY, OCC LT GRNish GY, mot in PRts BLKY to subblky occ amorphous, soft , Locally sticky in part , occ frm in prc & non-calc, very SLTY in prts, TR carb in prt.浅灰~褐灰色，少见浅绿灰色，局部杂色，块~次块状，少量为不定形状，软，局部粘，少量硬，无灰质，局部含砂质及少量碳质。

SHALE(页岩)：GY-GRNish GY , occ prblish –RD, DK-RD , BLKY to subblky , Firm-mod HD, non-calc , very SLTY in prts , TR carb in PRT.灰~绿灰色，少量紫红色、暗红色，片~次片状，硬~中硬，无钙质，局部砂质重，局部见少量碳质。

nacreous layer 珍珠层nacreous structure 珍珠构造nacrite 珍珠陶土nadorite 氯锑铅矿naegite 苗木石nagatelite 磷褐帘石nagyagite 叶碲矿nahcolite 重碳钠盐nail 指甲nakhlite 透橄无球粒陨石nantokite 铜盐naphthabitumen 石脑油沥青naphthene 环烷naphthene base crude oil 环烷基油naphthene index 环烷烃指数naphthenic acid 环烷酸naphtholite 沥青页岩nappe 推复体narrow gorge 嶂谷narsarsukite 短柱石nasal bone 鼻骨nasal capsule 鼻甲nasal cavity 鼻腔nasonite 氯硅钙铅矿natality 生产率native asphalt 天然沥青native copper 自然铜native element 天然元素native gold 自然金native mercury 自然汞native platinum 自然铂native silver 自然银natrite 泡碱natrium 钠natrochalcite 钠铜矾natrolite 钠沸石natron 泡碱natronorthoclase 钠正长石natronsanidine 钠透长石natrophilite 磷钠锰矿natural asphalt 天然沥青natural classification 自然分类natural coke 天然焦炭natural discharge 天然排泄natural frequency 固有频率natural gas 天然气natural geologic hazard 自然地质灾害natural heat flow 天然热流natural levee 天然堤natural load 自然负荷natural products 天然产物natural radioactive element 天然放射性元素natural radioactivity 天然放射性natural remanent magnetism 天然剩余磁性natural remanent magnetization 自然残余磁化natural selection 自然选择natural solid bitumen 天然固体沥青natural stream 天然河流natural succession 自然演替natural ventilation 自然通风natural water 天然水natural water level 自然水位nature preservation 自然保护naujakasite 瑙云母naumannite 硒银矿nautiloids 鹦鹉螺类nautilus 鹦鹉螺navicular 舟状的neanderthal man 尼安德特人neap tide 小潮near earthquake 近地震neck 岩颈necton 自游生物needle ironstone 针铁石nefedievite 红坚岭石negative crystal 负晶体negative delta 三角湾状三角洲negative element 阴性元素negative ion 负离子negative relief 负地形negative valence 负原子价nelsonite 钛铁磷灰岩nemathelminthes 线形动物类nematoblastic 纤状变晶质nematomorphic 纤维状的nemerteans 纽形动物类nenadkevite 硅钙铅铀矿neo ice age 新冰期neocomian 尼欧克姆阶neodymium 钕neogene 新第三纪neoglaciation 新冰期neolite 新石neolithic age 新石票代neolithic era 新石票代neometamorphism 新变质酌neon 氖neotantalite 黄钽铁矿neotectonic element 新构造单元neotectonic period 新构造期neotectonics 新构造学neoteny 幼态持续neotocite 水锰辉石neotropical region 新热带区neotype 新模neozoic era 新生代nepheline 霞石nepheline basalt 霞石玄武岩nepheline porphyry 霞石斑岩nepheline syenite 霞石正长岩nephelinite 霞石岩nephelinization 霞石化nephelometry 浊度测定nephrite 软玉nepouite 镍绿泥石neptunian theory 水成论neptunism 水成论neptunium 镎neritic sea 浅海neritic sediments 浅海沉积nerve 叶脉nesosilicates 岛状硅酸盐nest like ore body 鸡窝状矿体net 网net production 净产量netted venation 网状脉network structure 网状结构neutral humus 中性腐殖质neutral micelle 中性胶粒neutrality point 中性点neutron 中子neutron activation analysis 中子活化分析neutron capture 中子捕获neutron diffraction 中子衍射neutron energy 中子能量neutron epithermal neutron log 中子超热中子测井neutron generator 中子发生器neutron multiplication factor 中子的增殖系数neutron neutron log 中子中子测井neutron proton ratio 中子数与质子数比率neutron source 中子源neutron thermal neutron log 中子热中子测井nevadite 斑烈neve 粒雪neve basin 粒雪盆new global tectonics 新全球构造学new world 新世界newberyite 镁磷石newlandite 顽火榴辉石newyanskite 亮铱锇矿nickel 镍nickel ore 镍矿nicol's prisma 尼科耳棱镜nicolayite 硅铅钍铀矿nife 镍铁带niggli value 尼格理值niggliite 碲铂矿niobite 铌铁矿niobium 铌nitrate 硝酸盐nitratine 钠硝石nitratite 钠硝石nitric acid 硝酸nitrification 硝化酌nitrifying bacteria 硝化细菌nitrite 亚硝酸盐nitrobaryte 钡硝石nitrocalcite 钙硝石nitrogen 氮nitrogen compounds in petroleum 石油含氮化合物nitrogen content of coal 煤中氮nitrogen cycle 氮循环nitromagnesite 镁硝石nitronatrite 钠硝石nitrous acid 亚硝酸nival belt 雪带nivation 雪蚀酌nivenite 钇铀矿nobelium 锘noble metal 贵金属noble opal 贵蛋白石nocerite 针六方石node 节nodular 结核状的nodule 结核;结枝nomenclature 命名法nominal 命名的nominal diameter 标称直径nomogram 列线图non polar bond 非极性键non polar linkage 非极性键nonadiabatic change 非绝热变化nonangular unconformity 假整合nonbedded 非成层的nonbonding electron 非结合电子noncoking coal 非粘结性煤noncommercial reserves 表外储量nonconformity 不整合nondiastrophism 非构造变动nonequilibrium state 非平衡状态nonferrous metal 非铁金属nonmetal 非金属nonpolar 非极性的nonpolar molecule 非极性分子nonpolarizing electrode 不极化电极nonrotational deformation 非转动变形nonsequent fold 限制褶皱nonsteady 非稳定的nontectonic joint 非构造节理nontectonic process 非构造酌nontronite 绿脱石nonuniformity 不均匀性norbergite 块硅镁石nordite 硅钠锶镧石nordmarkite 英碱正长岩norian stage 诺利克阶noric stage 诺利克阶norite 苏长岩norm 标准矿物成分normal curve 标准曲线normal depth 正常深度normal device 电位电极系normal dispersion 正常色散normal distribution 正态分布normal electric field 正常电场normal epoch 正常时期normal fault 正断层normal field 正常场normal fold 正褶皱normal geomagnetic porality epoch 正磁极期normal gravity 正常重力normal magnetic field 正常磁场normal metamorphism of coal 煤正常变质normal order 正常层序normal projection 正轴投影normal solution 规定溶液normal state 正常态normal stress 法向应力normal succession 正常层序normal temperature 正常温度normal velocity 法向速度normal vibration 简正振动normality 规定浓度normative mineral 标准矿物norsethite 菱钡镁石north atlantic massif 北大误地块north latitude 北纬north pole 北极northeast pacific ridge 北潍平洋海岭northern alpine foreland 北部阿尔卑斯前沿地nosean 方石noseanite 方岩noselite 方石notochord 脊索noumeite 滑硅镍矿novacekite 水砷镁铀矿nuclear binding energy 核结合能nuclear charge 核电荷nuclear chemistry 核化学nuclear disintegration 核衰变nuclear emulsion 原子核照相乳胶nuclear energy level 核能级nuclear fuel 核燃料nuclear geology 核地质学nuclear magnetic log 核磁测井nuclear magnetic moment 核磁矩nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振nuclear model 核模型nuclear separation 核分离nuclear stability 核稳定性nucleic acid 核酸nuclen 核子nucleostratigraphy 核地层学nucleus of crystallization 晶核nuclide 核素nuclide chart 同位素表nugget 块金null valence 零价number of free radicals 自由基数numerical method 数值法numerical solution 数值解nummulites 货币石类nunatak 冰原石山nutrient 养分nutrition 营养nutritive salt 营养盐nutritive substance 养分nutritive value 营养价值nutty structure 核状结构oasis 绿州obduction 仰冲obduction plate 仰冲板块obduction zone 仰冲带objective 接物镜objective analysis 客观分析oblique extinction 斜消光oblique fault 斜断层oblique fold 斜卧褶皱oblique joint 斜节理oblique projection 斜投影oblique slip fault 斜滑断层oblong 长方形的oborite 鄂博矿obsequent fault line scarp 逆断线崖obsequent river 逆向河observation 观测observation field 观测场observation network 观测网observation well 观测孔observational error 观察误差obsidian 黑曜岩occasional species 偶见种ocean 大洋ocean bed 洋底ocean current 海流ocean floor 洋底ocean floor fracture zone 洋底断裂带ocean floor spreading 海底扩张ocean wave 大洋波浪oceanic craton 洋台oceanic crust 海洋地壳oceanic island 海洋岛oceanic ridge tholeiite 洋脊拉斑玄武岩oceanic rise 大洋中隆oceanic tholeiite 海洋性拉斑玄武岩oceanic water 大洋水oceanite 大洋岩oceanization 海洋化酌oceanographical remote sensing 海洋遥感oceanology 海洋学ocellar 眼班状的ocellus 单眼ochre 舣ochrea 托叶鞘octahedrite 八面石octahedron 八面体octophyllite 八叶云母ocular 目镜odd pinnate 奇数羽状的odinite 拉辉煌斑岩odometer 里程表odontoid 齿状的odontolite 齿绿松石oersted 奥斯忒offlap 退复offretite 菱钾铝矿offset 支脉offset well 探边井offshore 外滨offshore bar 滨外洲offshore coring drilling 近海浅钻钻探offshore drilling 近海钻井offshore drilling rig 海上钻探装置offshore oil drilling 海上石油钻探ohmic resistance 欧姆阻抗oikesis 定居oil 油oil accumulating area 聚油面积oil accumulation 油池oil basin 油田oil bearing 含油的oil bearing rock 油母岩oil bearing structure 储油构造oil damping 油减震oil deposit 石油矿床oil field 油田oil field water 油田水oil gas 油气oil geology 石油地质学oil horizon 含油层oil indication 石油显示oil layer 含油层oil measure 油层;油贮oil pool 油池oil production 采油oil sand 油砂oil saturation 油饱和率oil seepage 油苗oil shale 油母页岩oil stone 油石oil trap 油捕oil well 油井okenite 水硅钙石olafite 钠长石old stage 老年期old stone age 旧石票代old valley 老年谷old world 旧世界oldhamite 褐硫钙石;陨硫钙石oligocene 渐新世oligoclase 奥长石oligonite 菱锰铁矿oligosite 奥长岩oligotrophic 寡养的oligotrophic lake 寡养湖olistolith 滑动岩体olistostrome 重力滑动沉积olivenite 橄榄铜矿olivine 橄榄石olivine basalt 橄件武岩olivinfree basalt 无橄件武岩ollenite 绿帘金红角闪片岩omphacite 绿辉石one electron bond 单电子键onkilonite 橄辉霞岩onlap 海侵超覆onofrite 硒汞矿ontogenetic 个体发生的ontogeny 个体发生学ontogeny of minerals 矿物发生学onyx 缟玛瑙oogonium 卵原细胞oolite 鲕状岩oolitic 鲕状的oolitic iron ore deposit 鲡状铁矿床oolitic limestone 鲕状灰岩oolitic structure 鲡状构造ooze 软泥opacite 不透蔑opacite margin 不透眠缘opal 蛋白石opalization 蛋白石化opalize 使呈乳白状open circuit 开路open cut mining 露天采矿open cut ore mine 露天开采矿山open cut working 露天采矿open fault 张开断层open fold 敞开褶皱open hearth 平炉open pit method 露天开采法open pit quarry 露天矿场open stope method 空场回采法open stope mining 空场回采法open system 开放系统open tube analysis 开管分析open type geothermal reservoir 开放式地热储opening of mines 矿体开发operculum 鳃盖ophicalcite 蛇纹大理岩ophiolite 蛇绿岩ophiolite formation 蛇绿岩建造ophiolitic melange 蛇绿混杂岩ophite 纤闪辉绿岩ophitic texture 辉绿结构ophyolitic complex 蛇绿岩复合体opposite 对生的opposite phyllotaxis 对生叶序optic axis 光轴optic binormals 光轴副法线optic biradial 副光轴optic elasticity axes 光学弹性轴optical activity 旋光性optical angle 光轴角optical anisotropy 光学蛤异性optical anomaly 光性异常optical character 光性optical constant 光性常数optical dispersion 色散optical indicatrix 光率体optical isotropy 光学蛤同性optical orientation 光性方位optical phenomenon 光学现象optical section 光切面optical strain 光性变形optical system 光学系统optical twin 巴潍晶optically anisotropic 光学异向性的optically biaxial 双光轴的optically isotropic 光性均质的optically negative 负光性的optically positive 正光性的optically uniaxial 单光轴的optimization 最佳化oral appendage 口肢oral arm 口腕orangite 橙黄石orbicular 球状的orbicular granite 球状花岗岩orbital electron 轨道电子order 目order of crystallization 结晶顺序ordinary chernozem 普通黑土ordinary light 普通光线ordovician 奥陶纪ore 矿石ore bearing 含矿的ore bed 矿层ore bin 矿仓ore block 矿段ore bringer 运矿岩ore bunch 矿袋ore chimney 管状矿体ore column 矿柱ore complex 矿石复合ore core 矿心ore course 富矿体ore dampness 矿石湿度ore deposit 矿床ore dilution 矿石贫化ore dressing 选矿ore fines 粉矿ore formation 矿石建造ore grade 矿石品级ore hardness 矿硬ore leaching 矿石浸出ore losses 矿石损失ore mineral 金属矿物ore nest 矿巢ore pillar 矿柱ore pipe 管状矿体ore pocket 矿袋ore reserve 矿储藏量ore rock 含矿岩ore shoot 富矿体ore sort 矿石工业品级ore stock 矿储藏量oreforming element 成矿元素orford process 奥福特法organ 瀑organic acid 有机酸organic compound 有机化合物organic deposits 有机沉积organic geochemistry 有机地球化学organic matter 有机物organic matter content 有机物质含量organic pigment 有机颜料organic pollution 有机污染organic remains 有机残余物organic rock 有机岩organic sediments 有机沉积物organic silt 泥炭粘土organism 生物organogenic 有机生成的organometallic compound 有机金属化合物orictocoenosis 生物化石群落orientation 定向orientation of crystal 晶体定位oriented thin section 定向薄片orientite 锰柱石origin 起原origin of life 生命起原original dip 原生倾斜original interstice 原生空隙original order 原层序ornamental stone 装饰石ornamentation 纹饰ornithology 鸟类学orocline 造山带弯曲orogen 造山地带orogenesis 造山运动orogenetic 造山的orogenetic movements 造山运动orogenic 造山的orogenic belt 造山带orogenic cycle 造山旋回orogenic hydrothermal deposit 造山热液矿床orogenic phase 造山相orogenic zone 造山带orogeny 造山运动ort 横巷orthite 褐帘石orthoaxis 正轴orthochronology 标准地质年代学orthoclase 正长石orthoclasite 微正长岩orthoclastization 正长石化orthoconglomerate 正砾岩orthocumulate 正堆积岩orthodiadochite 磷铁华orthodiagonal axis 正轴orthodolomite 正白云石orthodome 正轴坡面orthoevolution 直向进化orthofelsite 正长霏细岩orthogenesis 直向演化orthogeosynclinal system 正地槽系orthogeosyncline 正地槽orthogneiss 正片麻岩orthogonality 正交orthographic projection 正射投影ortholimestone 正石灰石orthomagmatic deposit 正岩浆矿床orthomagmatic stage 正岩浆期orthometamorphism 正变质酌orthometamorphite 正变质岩orthomigmatite 正混合岩orthophotomap 正射投影像片组合图orthophyre 正长斑岩orthophyric 正斑状的orthopinacoid 正轴轴面orthoplatform 正地台orthoprism 正轴柱orthopyramid 正轴锥orthopyroxene 斜方辉石orthopyroxenite 斜方辉岩orthorhombic 斜方的orthorhombic system 斜方晶系orthoschist 火成片岩orthoscope 直光镜orthoselection 直向选择orthosilicate 正硅酸盐orthosite 粗粒正长岩orthostratigraphy 正交地层学orthosyenite 钾质正长岩orthotectonics 正构造ortlerite 闪斑玢岩ortstein 硬盘oryctogeology 化石地质学oryctognosy 地物学oryctology 化石学osannite 钠闪石osbornite 陨氯钛矿oscillation theory 颤动说oscillatory ripples 对称波痕oscillatory twinning 反复双晶osmiridium 铱锇矿osmium 锇osmotic equilibrium 渗透平衡osmotic force 渗透力osmotic pressure 渗透压ossicle 小骨ossification 骨化osteal 骨的ostium 小孔ostracodermi 甲胄鱼纲ostraite 磁铁尖晶辉岩otavite 菱镉矿ottrelite 粒硬绿泥石ouachitite 黑云沸煌岩outcrop 露头outer core 外核outer electron 外电子outer lip 外唇outer shell 外电子层outer shell electron 外电子outer sublittoral zone 底亚滨海带outflow 瘤outflow lake 外窿outlier 老围层outline 轮廓output voltage 输出电压outside balance reserves 表外储量outwash 冰水沉积outwash gravel 冰水砾outwash plain 冰水沉积平原oval 卵圆形的ovate 卵圆形的over load 过负荷overall output 总产量overburden 表土;复盖岩层;盖岩层overburden pressure 积土压力overcast sky 阴天overflow 泛滥overflow dam 溢劣overflow weir 溢劣overfold 倒转褶皱overground part 地上部分overhand stope 上向梯段回采工祖overland flow 表面径流overland runoff 地表径流overlap 超复overlap trap 超复圈闭overlying strata 覆层overlying strata of coal measures 煤系盖层overpressure 过压overriding plate 上冲板块oversaturated rock 过饱和岩oversize 筛上产品oversize product 筛上产品overthrust 逆掩断层overthrust block 掩冲体overthrust mass 掩冲体overthrust plane 逆掩断层面overthrust sheet 逆掩层overthrusting plate 上冲板块overturn 倒转overturned anticline 倒转背斜overturned fold 倒转褶皱overturned succession of strata 倒转层序overturning 倒转ovule 胚珠oxalate 草酸盐oxalic acid 草酸oxalite 草酸铁矿oxbow lake 牛角湖oxfordian 牛津阶oxidability 易氧化度oxidation potential 氧化势oxidation reduction cycle 氧化还原循环oxidation reduction potential 氧化还原势oxidation reduction system 氧化还原系oxidation state 氧化状态oxidation zone 氧化带oxidation zone of sulphide deposits 硫化物矿床氧化带oxide 氧化物oxidizability 易氧化度oxidize 氧化oxidized ore 氧化矿石oxidizing roasting 氧化焙烧oxydate 氧化沉积物oxygen 氧oxygen content of coal 煤中氧oxygen cycle 氧的循环oxygen demand 需氧量oxygen isotope method 氧同位素法oxygen logging 氧测井oxygen partial pressure 氧分压力oxyphile elements 亲氧元素oyamalite 稀土锆石ozocerite 地蜡ozokerite 地蜡ozonosphere 臭氧层pachnolite 霜晶石pacific geosyncline 太平洋地槽pacific suite 太平洋岩群pack ice 浮冰packing 充填paehoehoe lava 波纹熔岩pagodite 叶蜡石pahoehoe lava 波纹熔岩paigeite 硼铁矿painite 红硅硼铝钙石pair production 偶生成paired fins 偶paired metamorphic belt 双变质带pairing of electrons 生成电子对paisanite 钠闪微岗岩palaeobiology 古生物学palaeontology 古生物学palaeosedimentology 古沉积学palaeotectonics 古地质构造学palagonite 橙玄玻璃palaite 红磷锰矿palate 口盖palatine 腭骨palatinite 直辉中基性岩paleo oceanography 古海洋学paleo plate tectonics 古板块构造paleoanthropology 古人类学paleoarctic subregion 古北亚区paleoautochthon 古原地岩paleobathymetric map 古等深线图paleobiocenose 古生物群落paleobiocenosis 古生物群落paleobiochemistry 古生物化学paleobiogeographic province 古生物地理区paleobiogeography 古生物地理学paleobiology 古生物学paleobotanic province 古植物地理区paleobotany 古植物学paleocene 古新世paleochannel 古水道paleoclimate 古气候paleoclimatology 古气候学paleoecology 古生态学paleoenvironment 古环境paleogene 老第三纪paleogenetics 古遗传学paleogeographical map 古地理图paleogeography 古地理学paleogeology 古地质学paleogeomorphic trap 古地貌圈闭paleogeomorphology 古地貌学paleogeophysics 古地球物理学paleoichnology 古遗迹学paleoichtyology 古鱼类学paleoisotherm 古等温线paleolithic age 旧石票代paleomagnetism 古地磁paleometamorphism 古变质酌paleontological facies 古生物相paleontology 古生物学paleophyre 古云英斑岩paleophytic era 古植物代paleophytology 古植物学paleopole 古极paleosalinity 古盐度paleosome 古残体paleostructure 古构造paleotectonic 古构造的paleotemperature 古温度paleotropical region 古热带区paleotypal 古相的paleovolcanic 古火山的paleozoic era 古生代paleozoologic province 古动物地理区paleozoology 古动物学palermoite 柱磷锶锂矿palichnology 古遗迹学palimpsest 变余构造palingenesis 再生palingenetic granite 再生花岗岩palingenetic petrographic province 再生岩区palingenite 再生岩palinspastic map 复原地图palinspastic reconstruction 空间复原palladinite 方铂矿palladium 钯pallasite 石铁陨石pallial eye 外套眼pallial groove 套膜沟pallial line 套线palmate 掌状的palmate leaf 掌状叶palmate nerve 掌状脉palmate vein 掌状脉palmierite 硫钾钠铅矿palpon 触管paludal 沼泽的paludification 沼泽化palygorskite 坡缕石palynoflora 孢粉植物群palynology 孢粉学palynostratigraphy 孢粉地层学pampas 滂沛大草原pan geosyncline 泛地槽pan platform 泛陆台panallotriomorphic granular 全他形晶粒状的panallotriomorphoblastic 全他形变晶的pandermite 白硼钙石pangaea 泛古陆pangeosyncline hypothesis 泛地槽说panidiomorphic 全自形的panning 淘洗panning plate 淘砂盘pantellerite 碱烈pantograph 缩放仪pantometer 万测仪para amphibolite 副闪岩paraallochthon 准移置体parabola of cohesion 内聚力抛物线paracelsian 副钡长石parachronology 实际年代学parachrysotile 副纤维蛇纹石paraclase 断层裂缝paraconformity 似整合paraconglomerate 副砾岩paracoquimbite 紫铁矾paracrosis 脱色paradoxite 肉红长石paraendokinetic crystallization 副内动结晶paraffine base crude oil 石蜡基油paragenesis 共生parageosyncline 副地槽paragneiss 副片麻岩paragonite 钠云母parahopeite 磷锌矿paralaurionite 单斜水氯铅矿paraliageosyncline 滨海地槽paralic 近海的paralimestone 副灰岩parallax 视差parallel 平行的parallel banded structure 平行带状构造parallel cleavage 平行劈理parallel concentric folds 平行褶皱parallel evolution 平行进化parallel faults 平行断层parallel folding 平行褶皱parallel growth 平行共生parallel unconformity 假整合parallel vein 平行脉parallel venation 平行脉paraluminite 丝铝矾paramagnetism 顺磁性parametamorphism 副变质parameter 参数paramontroseite 次铁钒矿paramorph 同质异晶体paramorphic hemihedry 副象半面象parankerite 铁白云石paraperidotite 副橄榄岩paraplatform 准地台parapyroxenite 副辉岩paraquartzite 副石英岩pararock 副变质岩paraschist 副片岩parasedimentary breccia 副沉积角砾岩parasepiolite 多水海泡石paraserpentinite 副蛇纹岩parasilicates 副硅酸盐parasitic crater 寄生火口parasitic fold 寄生褶皱parasitic volcano 寄生火山parasitism 寄生parastratigraphy 实用地层学paratectonics 准构造paratype 副型paravauxite 磷铁铝矿parcel 小区parent element 母元素parent material 母质parent population 母体parent rock 母岩parental magma 母岩浆pargasite 韭角闪石parisite 氟碳钙铈矿parity 宇称paroxism 暴发高潮paroxysm 暴发高潮paroxysm of orogenic cycle 造山旋回粥parsonsite 斜磷铝铀矿partial anatexis 余深溶酌partial automatic 半自动的partial carbondioxide pressure 二氧化碳分压力partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial melting 部分熔融partial pressure of vapor 汽分压力partial valence 余价particle 颗粒particle charge 粒子电荷particle size 颗粒大小particle size analysis 粒度分析parting 裂理;夹层partition 划分partition coefficient 分配系数partition equilibrium 分配平衡parts per billion 10 亿分率parts per million 百万分率partschinite 锰铝榴石pascoite 橙钒钙石pass 山口passive remote sensing 被动式遥感pasture grass 牧草patch cord 软线pateraite 黑钼钴矿paternoite 水硼镁石pathogenic bacteria 病源细菌patina 氧化膜patrinite 针硫铋铅矿patronite 绿硫钒矿pattern 模型pattern recognition 模式识别paucilithionite 钾锂云母pawdite 云英微闪长岩pay dirt 可采矿石pay ore 可采矿石pay set 可采油层组pay zone unit 油层单元payable 宜于开采的pea structure 豌豆状结构peak 山顶peak power output 峰值输出功率peak pulse power 脉冲峰值功率peak runoff 最大径流peak voltage 峰值电压pealite 蛋白硅华pear shaped 梨形的pearceite 砷硫锑铜银矿pearly luster 珍珠光泽peastone 豆石peat 泥炭peat bog 泥炭沼泽peat formation 泥炭形成peat land 泥炭地peat soil 泥炭土peatification 泥炭化酌peaty 泥炭的peaty clay 泥炭地pebble 砾石pebble bed 卵石层pebblestone 砾石pebbly sandstone 卵石砂岩pectinate 栉状pectolite 针钠钙石pectoral fin 胸pedal ganglion 足神经节pedalfer 铁铝土pedestal 基座pedicle 肉基pediment 麓原pedion 单面pedionite 熔岩台地pediplain 山麓侵蚀平原pediplanation 山麓准平原化pedocal 钙层土pedogenesis 成土酌pedogeochemistry 土壤地球化学pedologist 土壤学家pedology 土壤学pedometer 计步器计距器pedosphere 土圈peel 皮peeling 去皮peganite 磷矾土pegmatite 伟晶岩pegmatite deposit 伟晶岩矿床pegmatite mineral 伟晶岩矿物pegmatitic 伟晶岩的pegmatitic stage 伟晶岩期pegmatoid 伟晶岩相pegmatophyre 伟斑岩pelagic clay 远海粘土pelagic deposit 深海沉积pelagic facies 远海相pelagic sediment 远海沉积物pelagite 海底锰块pele's hair 火山毛pele's tear 火山泪pelean eruption 培利型火山喷发peleeite 斑苏玄武岩pelionite 烛沥青煤pelite 泥质岩pelitic 泥质的pelitic rock 泥质岩pelitomorphic 泥岩状的pell mell structure 杂乱构造pellet 球团矿pelletizing 球团pellicular water 薄膜水pelma 茎pelmicrite 球粒微晶灰岩peltate leaf 盾形叶pen trace 记录笔迹pencatite 水滑大理岩pencil of light 锥光线pendular regime 摆方法pendulum 摆penecontemporaneous 准同期的peneplain 准平原peneplanation 准平原酌penetrability 贯穿性penetrate 穿入penetrating power 穿透能力penetration 穿透penetration rate 进尺速度penetration ratio 井的穿率penetration twin 穿插双晶penetrative structure 透入性构造penetrometer 透度计penfieldite 六方氯铅矿peninsula 半岛pennant 羽毛状pennate diatoms 羽纹纲pennates 羽纹纲pennine 叶绿泥石penninite 叶绿泥石pennite 绿水云母pennsylvanian 宾夕法尼亚系penroseite 硒铜铅镍矿pentagonal dodecahedron 五角十二面体pentagonal icositetrahedral class 五角三八面体晶族pentahydrite 五水泻盐pentlandite 镍黄铁矿peplolite 块堇青石peptization 胶熔酌peralkaline rock 过碱性岩percentage of consolidation 固结率percentage of modulation 灯度perceptible 易感的perched block 坡栖岩块perched ground water 滞水perched water table 滞水台percolate 过滤percolation 渗透percrystalline 过晶质percussion 冲击percussion boring 冲魂进percussion drill 冲唤钻机percussion drilling 冲魂井percussion drilling machine 冲唤钻机percussion drilling system 冲魂井方法percussion figure 撞晃状percussion marks 慧percussion rotary boring 冲积钻钻探percussive rotary drilling 冲积钻钻探percylite 氯铜铅矿perennial spring 常年泉perennial stream 常劣perennial yield 持久不断的量perfect crystal 理想晶体perfect geosyncline 完整式地槽perfectly mobile components 全活动组分perforation 穿孔perforator 射孔器穿孔器perhyaline 过玻璃质的peribranchial cavity 围鳃腔periclase 方镁石periclinal 穹状的periclinal structure 穹状构造pericline 围斜构造;常钠长石pericline twin 肖钠长石双晶periderm 周皮peridot 橄榄石peridotite 橄榄岩periglacial phenomena 冰缘现象perimagmatic 岩浆缘的perimorph 结壳假象period 纪period of angiosperms 被子植物时代periodic law 周期律periodic motion 周期运动periodic precipitation 周期的沉积periodic system 周期系periodic table of elements 元素周期表periodicity 周期性periostracum 角质层peripheral 周边的peripheral fault 边缘断层periproct 围肛部peristerite 蓝彩钠长石peristome 围口部peritectic 包晶peritectic crystallization 包晶结晶peritectic point 包晶点peritectoid point 包析点peritectoid reaction 包析反应perknite 辉闪岩perlite 珍珠岩perlitic 珍珠状的perlitic structure 珍珠岩结构permafrost 永冻土permafrost table 永久冻土台permalloy 坡莫合金permanent 永久的permanent deformation 永久变形permanent hardness 稳定硬度permanent load 永久负载permanent magnet 永久磁铁permanent magnetic field 永久磁场permanent magnetization 永久磁化permanent set 永久变形permanent wilting point 永久萎蔫点permanganate 高锰酸盐permeability 磁导率permeability barrier 阻渗层permeability coefficient 渗滤系数permeability tensor 渗透率张量permeable 透水的permeameter 磁导计permeance 磁导permian 二叠纪permian period 二叠纪permissible dose 容许剂量permissible error 允许误差permissible load 容许负荷permissible stress 许可应力permissible tolerance 容许剂量permittivity 介电常数permutation 置换permutite 人造沸石perovskite 钙钛矿perowskite 钙钛矿persistent fossil 持续化石perspective 透视画法perspective projection 透视投影perthite 纹长石perthitophyre 条纹长斑岩perturbation 扰动petalite 透锂长石petiole 叶柄petiolule 小叶柄petrifaction 石化petrifactology 化石学petrification 石化petro bitumen 岩石沥青petrochemical trend 岩石化学的球petrochemistry 岩石化学petrofabric analysis 岩组分析petrofabrics 岩组学petrofacies 岩相petrogenesis 岩石成因论petrogenetic element 造岩元素petrogenetic grid 成岩格子petrogenetic model 岩石成因模型petrogenic element 造岩元素petrogeochemistry 岩石地球化学petrogeometry 岩石几何学petrographer 岩石学者petrographic geomorphology 岩石地貌学petrographic microscope 岩石显微镜petrographical formation 岩层petrographical province 岩区petrography 岩石学petroleum 石油petroleum gas 石油气petroleum geology 石油地质学petroleum industry 石油工业petroleum output 采油petroleum reservoir 油贮petroliferous 含油的petroliferous basin 含油盆地petroliferous formation 含油建造petrologen 油母岩petrology 岩石学petromineralogy 岩石矿物学petromorphology 岩石形态学;构造岩石学petrophysics 岩石物理学petrophytes 石生植物petrosilex 潜晶霏细岩petrostratigraphy 岩石地层学petrotectonics 岩石构造学petrous 岩状的petzite 碲金银矿ph indicator ph 指示剂ph value ph 值phacelite 钾霞石phacolite 岩脊phacolith 岩脊phanerite 显晶岩phaneritic 粗晶的phaneritric 显晶质的phanerocryst 显斑晶phanerocrystalline 粗晶的phanerogames 显花植物phanerohyaline 显晶玻质的phanerozoic eons 显生代phantomhorizon 假想层pharmacolite 毒石pharmacosiderite 毒铁矿phase 相位phase boundary potential 界面电压phase compensator 相位补偿器phase contrast microscope 相差显微镜phase control 相位控制phase corrector 相位校正器phase determination 相位测定phase deviation 相位偏移phase diagram 相图phase difference 相位差phase discriminator 鉴相器phase displacement 相移phase equilibrium 相平衡phase inversion 倒相phase inverter 倒相器phase lag 相位滞后phase lead 相位超前phase rule 相律phase spectrum 相位谱phase splitting 分相phase swinging 相位摆动phase transition 相变phase velocity 相位速度;相速度phenacite 硅铍石phenanthroline 菲统啉phengite 多硅白云母phenocryst 斑晶phenomena of volcanism 火山现象phillipsite 钙十字石phlebite 脉成岩类phlogopite 金云母phoenicochroite 红铬铅矿pholerite 鳞高岭石pholidolite 绿硬云母phonolite 响岩phonolitic 响岩状的phosgenite 角铅矿phosphate 磷酸盐phosphatic fertilizer 磷肥phosphorescence 磷光phosphoric acid 磷酸phosphorite 磷灰岩phosphoroscope 磷光计phosphoruranylite 磷铀矿phosphorus 磷phosphosiderite 磷铁矿photic zone 透光层photo interpretation 像片判读photocathode 光电阴极photochemical reaction 光化反应photoconductive effect 内光电效应photocurrent 光电流photoelastic model 光弹性模型photoelasticity 光弹性photoelectric absorption 光电吸收photoelectric cell 光电池photoelectric effect 光电效应photoelectric emission 光电子放射photoelectric threshold 光电效应阈值photoelectric tube 光电管photoelectron 光电子photogenic animals 发光动物photogeology 摄影地质学photogeomorphology 航摄地貌学photogrammetry 摄影测量学photographic 摄影的photographic detection 照相探测photographic dosimeter 摄影剂量仪photographic recording 照相记录photomultiplier tube 光电倍增管photoneutron 光激中子photoreceptor 感光器受光体photostratigraphy 摄影地层学phototropism 向光性phreatic decline 地下水位下降phreatic eruption 蒸汽喷发phreatic explosion 蒸汽爆发phreatic fluctuation 地下水面波动phreatic gas 准火山瓦斯phreatic rise 地下水上升phreatic zone 潜水带phycology 藻类学phyllite 千枚岩phyllitic 千枚状的phyllodium 假叶phyllosilicate 页硅酸盐phyllosilicates 层状硅酸盐phyllotaxis 叶序phyllotaxy 叶序phylogenesis 种系发生phylogenetic classification 系统分类phylogenetic tree 系统树系谱树phylogeny 种系发生phylum 门physical analysis 物理分析physical atomic weight scale 物理原子量标度physical geography 自然地理学physical oceanography 物理海洋学physical properties 物理性质physical weathering 物理风化physiognomy 外貌physiography 地文学physiological dryness 生理干燥phytochemistry 植物化学phytoclimate 植物气候phytocoenosis 植物群落phytoecology 植物生态学phytogeography 植物地理学phytolithology 植物化石学phytoncide 植物杀菌素phytophagous 食植物的phytophagous animals 食植动物phytoplankton 浮游植物phytosociology 植物社会学picite 土磷铁矿pick 鹤嘴镐pick hand 手选pick ore 手选pickeringite 镁茂picking 手选picnometer 比重瓶picotite 铬尖晶石picric acid 苦味酸picrite 苦橄岩picrochromite 镁铬矿picrolite 硬蛇纹石picrolonic acid 苦硝酸picromerite 软钾镁矾picropharmacolite 镁毒石picture element 像素picture reproduction 图像再生picture telegraphy 传真电披piedmont 山麓piedmont alluvial plain 山前冲积平原piedmont benchland 山麓阶地piedmont glacier 山麓冰川piedmont plain 山麓冲积平原piedmontite 红帘石piedmontite schist 红帘石片岩piemontite 红帘石pienaarite 富榍霓霞正长岩piercing 刺穿piestic 压缩度测定的piezochemistry 压力化学piezoclase 挤压节理piezocrystallization 压结晶piezoelectricity 压电性piezometer 压力计piezometric 压缩度测定的piezometric head 测压水头piezometric potential 测压的势能piezometric surface 水压面piezoremanent magnetization 压剩余磁化pig iron 生铁pigeonite 易变辉石pilandite 歪长正长斑岩pilarite 铝硅孔雀石pilbarite 硅铀铅钍矿pile 堆pillar 柱pillow lava 枕状熔岩pillow like 枕状的pillow structure 枕状构造pilot balloon 测风气球pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测pilotaxitic 交织的pilotaxitic texture 交织结构pimelite 脂光蛇纹石pinacoid 双面。

地质名词解释1. 陡坡（Steep slope）：指地表的倾斜度较大的地形，通常是由于地壳的断层运动或者水侵蚀等因素导致的。

2. 峡谷（Canyon）：指形成于地壳运动或者水侵蚀过程中的深而狭长的地形，常见于河流或者冰川形成的地区。

3. 枯水线（Perennial stream）：指全年都有水流存在的河流或者溪流，水源通常来自降水、融雪或者地下水。

4. 云杉林（Coniferous forest）：指以云杉为主要组成的森林生态系统。

云杉是一类常绿树种，通常生长在高纬度或者高海拔地区，具有较高的适应性和抵抗力。

5. 落叶林（Deciduous forest）：指以落叶乔木为主要组成的森林生态系统。

落叶乔木在秋季会从树枝上脱落叶子，在春季重新生长新的叶子。

6. 风化（Weathering）：指地壳岩石在地表或者地下受到气候、水、生物等作用的破坏和分解过程。

风化过程分为物理风化和化学风化两种形式。

7. 地震（Earthquake）：指地壳发生剧烈震动的现象。

地震由于地壳的断层运动造成的，能够产生地震波，并且在地表产生地震破坏。

8. 火山（Volcano）：指地壳下方存在有活跃的岩浆，并且通过地表的火山口喷发出来的地质现象。

火山的喷发会释放岩浆、烟尘、火山灰等物质。

9. 熔岩（Lava）：指岩浆从火山口喷发出来并流动到地表后冷却凝固形成的岩石物质，通常呈现黑色或者暗红色，具有较低的黏性。

10. 陨石坑（Crater）：指由于宇宙物体（如小行星或者陨石）撞击地表而形成的圆形坑洼地形。

陨石坑通常由撞击物体的能量形成的溅射物质和地壳碎片构成。

11. 重力坍塌（Gravity collapse）：指由于地质构造的失稳或者物质移动的影响，导致地形陷落或者坍塌的过程。

重力坍塌可以造成地壳的塌陷、山体滑坡等。

12. 高山（Mountain）：指地表地壳上海拔较高的地形，通常由于地壳构造运动或者火山喷发造成的。

高山区具有陡峭的山峰和坡地，气候和植物区系也有较大的差异。

地质学基础知识词汇一、岩石相关。

1. igneous rock [ˈɪɡniəs rɒk]（名词短语）- 释义：火成岩，是由岩浆冷却凝固形成的岩石。

例如花岗岩（granite）就是一种常见的侵入型火成岩。

2. sedimentary rock [ˌsedɪˈmentri rɒk]（名词短语）- 释义：沉积岩，是在地表不太深的地方，将其他岩石的风化产物和一些火山喷发物，经过水流或冰川的搬运、沉积、成岩作用形成的岩石。

如砂岩（sandstone）、页岩（shale）等。

3. metamorphic rock [ˌmetəˈmɔːfɪk rɒk]（名词短语）- 释义：变质岩，是由变质作用所形成的岩石。

在地壳形成和发展过程中，早先形成的岩石，包括沉积岩、岩浆岩，由于后来地质环境和物理化学条件的变化，在固态情况下发生了矿物组成调整、结构构造改变甚至化学成分的变化，而形成一种新的岩石。

大理岩（marble）是由石灰岩（limestone，一种沉积岩）变质而成的变质岩。

二、地质构造相关。

1. fold [fəʊld]（名词/动词）- 名词释义：褶皱，是岩石受力发生的弯曲变形。

褶皱有背斜（anticline）和向斜（syncline）两种基本类型。

- 动词释义：使弯曲，例如：The layers of rock were folded by the tectonic forces.（这些岩层被构造力弯曲了。

）2. fault [fɔːlt]（名词/动词）- 名词释义：断层，是地壳受力发生断裂，沿破裂面两侧岩块发生显著相对位移的构造。

- 动词释义：挑剔，例如：You can't fault his work.（你不能挑剔他的工作。

）在地质学语境中主要用名词意义。

3. stratum [ˈstrɑːtəm]（名词，复数strata）- 释义：地层，是指在地壳发展过程中形成的各种成层和非成层岩石的总称。

例如：The different strata tell the story of different geological periods.（不同的地层讲述着不同地质时期的故事。

地质专业词汇abandon 废弃abandoned mine 废弃矿山abatis 通风隔墙ablation 剥蚀ablation breccia 剥蚀角砾岩ablation moraine 消融碛ablation till 消融碛abnormal 异常的abnormal metamorphism 异常变质酌abrade 剥蚀abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 磨蚀台地abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 磨蚀阶地abrazite 多水高岭土absarokite 正边玄武岩absolute age 绝对年龄absolute chronology 绝对年代学absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute pressure 绝对压力absorbed water 吸附水absorbent 吸收剂abundance 丰度abundance of elements 元素丰度abundance of isotopes 同位素丰度abundance ratio of isotopes 同位素相对丰度abysmal deposits 深海沉积物abyss 深海abyssal 深海的abyssal benthic zone 深渊底栖带abyssal deposits 深海沉积物abyssal facies 深海相abyssal hills province 深海丘陵区abyssal injection 深成贯入abyssal rock 深成岩abyssal sediments 深海沉积物accompanying mineral 伴生矿物accordion fold 棱角褶皱accretion 冲积层、增生楔accretion gley 结核潜育层acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid humus 酸性腐殖质acid plagioclase 酸性斜长石acid rock 酸性岩acid soil 酸性土acid solution 酸性溶液acre foot 英亩英尺active volcano 活火山adit 平峒adjacent rock 围岩adjacent sea 边缘海adobe 灰质粘土age determination 时代鉴定age spectra 年龄谱agent of erosion 侵蚀力air volcano 气火山airborne electromagnetics 航空电磁法airborne magnetic prospecting 航空磁法勘探airborne magnetometer 航空地磁仪airborne remote sensing 航空遥感algae 藻类algal coal 藻煤alkali 碱alkali basaet 碱性玄武岩allochthonous 外来的allochthonous coal 异地生成煤alluvial 冲积的alluvial apron 山麓冲积扇alluvial channel 冲积河道alluvial deposit 冲积层alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alpides 阿尔卑斯造山带alpine orogeny 阿尔卑斯造山运动alpine type vein 阿尔卑斯型矿脉alpinotype tectonics 阿尔卑斯型构造alteration 蚀变alteration halo 蚀变晕altered mineral 蚀变矿物alternant 交替的alternating layers 互层ammonites 菊石类amount 总计amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of precipitation 降水量ampelite 黄铁炭质页岩amygdaloidal 杏仁状的amygdaloidal structure 杏仁状构造analysis by sedimentation 沉积分析anamorphic zone 合成变质带anamorphism 合成变质ancient channel 古河道ancient landform 古地形angiospermous 被子的angiosperms 被子植物angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of strike 走向角度angle of subsidence 陷落角angular 有角的angular discordance 斜交不整合anhydrite 硬石膏arenaceous 砂屑的arenaceous rock 砂质岩arenaceous texture 砂质结构arenes 粗砂arenopelitic 砂泥质的arenose 粗砂质的argillaceous 泥质的argillaceous limestone 泥质灰岩argillite 泥岩argillization 泥化arid basin 干燥盆地arid peneplain 干旱准平原arid zone 干旱带aridity coefficient 干燥系数aridity index 干燥指数arithmetical averaging thickness 算术平均厚度ash free 无灰分的ash structure 火山灰构造asymmetrical 不对称的asymmetrical anticline 不对称背斜augen structure 眼状构造autochthonous 原地的autochthonous coal 原地生成煤autochthonous deposit 原地沉积autochthonous fold 原地褶皱aven 落水洞back swamp 河漫滩沼泽backfill 充填balance 平衡balance resources 表内储量band 带;夹层banded 带状的banded coal 条带状煤barren bed 哑层barren of coal 不含煤的basal complex 基底杂岩basal conglomerate 底砾岩basal sandstone 基底砂岩basal structure 基底构造basalt 玄武岩basanite 碧玄岩basement 基底basement nappe 基底推复体basin 盆地basite 基性岩bathyal deposit 次深海沉积bathyal facies 半深海相bathyal zone 半深海带beat 露头bed 层bed succesion 层序bed vein 板状脉bedded vein 板状脉bedding 层理bedding fault 层面断层bedding foliation 顺层面理bedding joint 层状节理bedding thrust 层面冲断层bedrock 基岩beds pattern 河床型式bench 海蚀平台bench mining 阶梯式开采bend 弯曲bending fold 弯曲褶皱benioff zone 贝尼奥夫夫带benthonic 底栖的benthos 底栖生物bentonic organism 底栖生物biochron 生物年代biochronology 生物年代学bioclast 生物碎屑岩bioclastic rock 生物碎屑岩biocoenose 生物群落biocoenosis 生物群落biotite 黑云母biotite andesite 黑云安山岩biotitization 黑云母化bismalith 岩柱bismuth 铋bismuth glance 辉铋矿bit 钻头bit pressure 钻压bit weight 钻压bitumen 沥青bituminization 沥青化bituminous coal 烟煤bituminous shale 沥青质页岩bitummen ratio 沥青比值black iron ore 磁铁矿black jack 铁闪锌矿black lead 石墨blast furnace 高炉blasthole 炮眼blasthole drilling 钻炮眼blasting 爆破blasting cap 雷管bleached zone 淋溶带blind fault 隐伏断层blind ore body 盲矿体blind shaft 盲井blind valley 盲谷blind zone 盲区block 滑车block and tackle 滑轮组block caving 分块崩开采法block mountain 断块山block movement 地块运动block structure 块状结构block upwarping 地块隆起blowaut 井喷blowing 井喷bog 沼地bog formation 沼泽化bog iron ore 沼铁矿bog peat 低位泥炭boghead 藻煤boghead coal 藻煤boiling line 钢丝绳bolson 干燥盆地bomb 火山弹bonanza 富矿体bore hole 钻孔bore pit 探井borer 钻工boring 钻进boring bar 钻杆boring bit 钻头boring head 钻头boring machine 钻机boring method 钻井方法boring pump 钻眼用泵boring rod 钻杆boring rod set 钻杆装置boring rope 钻机用的钢丝绳boring stick 土钻boring tube 钻管boring with line 钢绳冲唤钻进boudinage 香肠构造bouguer anomaly 布格异常bouguer gravity anomaly 布格重力异常boundary 边界boundary conditions 边界条件boundary layer 边界层boundary line 界线bourne 间歇河box fold 箱状褶皱brachy fold 短褶皱brachyanticline 短背斜brachysyncline 短向斜branch 枝branch line 支线branch vein 支脉bright coal 光亮型煤broad leaved forest 阔叶林broad leaved tree 阔叶树brown algae 褐藻类brown coal 褐煤brown mud 褐泥bryophyta 苔藓植物bryophytes 苔藓植物bryozoa 苔藓动物类bulk flotation 全浮选bulk sampling 大块取样burgy 煤粉burial metamorphism 埋藏变质buried karst 埋藏型岩溶butte 孤山cable belt 缆摔带运输机caking ability 粘结度caking coal 粘结煤caking index 粘结指数caking property 粘结性calc alkali granite 钙碱花岗岩calcite 方解石caledonian folding 加里东褶皱caledonian orogeny 加里东造山运动carat 克拉carbargillite 碳质页岩carboapatite 碳酸磷灰石carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon 碳carbon compound 碳化合物carbonate 碳酸盐carbonate rock 碳酸盐岩carbonate sediments 碳酸盐质沉积carbonatite 碳酸盐岩carbonic period 石炭纪carboniferous 石炭纪的carboniferous period 石炭纪cataclasite 碎裂岩cataclastic 碎裂的catastrophic theory 灾变论catastrophism 灾变论category 类category of reserves 储量级别cavern 岩洞cavern water 溶洞水cavernous 洞穴状的caving 塌落caving line 崩落线cavity filling deposit 洞穴填充矿床cement bond logging 固井测井cement grout 水泥浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement seal 水泥封闭cement slurry 水泥浆cement substance 粘合质cement water factor 水灰比cement water ratio 水灰比cementation 胶结cementation borehole 水泥灌浆钻孔cementation zone 胶结带cementing 水泥灌浆cementum 水泥质cenozoic 新生代cenozoic era 新生代central plain 湖心平原central type volcano 中心式火山chain silicates 链硅酸盐chalk 上白垩纪;白垩chamber of ore 矿袋chambered vein 囊状矿脉champion vein 巨矿脉change in type of geosyncline 地槽类型转化channel precipitation 河道沉淀chert 燧石chronolithologic unit 年代地层单位chronologic scale 地质年代表chronology 年代学circum pacific 环太平洋的circum pacific calc alkaline petrographic province 环太平洋钙碱性岩石区civil engineering 土木工程clarain 亮煤clarite 亮煤clarke number 克拉克值clarodurite 微亮暗煤clasolite 碎屑岩cleat 割理clino unconformity 斜交不整合clinometer 地质罗盘closed fault 闭合断层closed fold 闭合褶皱closed joint 闭式节理cluster 群;串coal 煤coal accumulating basin 聚煤盆地coal accumulating palaeostructure 聚煤古构造coal analysis 煤分析coal ash fusion temperature 煤灰熔点coal ball 煤层石球coal basin 煤盆地coal bearing formation 含煤地层coal bearing property 含煤性coal bearing ratio 含煤系数coal carbonization 煤之碳化coal deposits 煤矿床coal diagenesis 煤成岩酌coal district 煤产地coal dressing 选煤coal field 煤田coal field gas 煤田气coal for gasification 气化用煤coal forming period 聚煤期coal forming process 成煤酌coal gas 煤气coal geology 煤炭地质学coal measures 煤系coal metamorphism 煤变质酌coal mine 煤矿coal miner 煤矿工coal mining 采煤coal oil mixture 煤焦油混合物coal petrology 煤岩学coal preserving structure 赋煤构造coal property 煤质coal reserves 煤储量coal seam 煤层coalescing alluvial fan 复合冲积扇coalification 煤化酌coalification jump 煤化酌跃变coalman 煤矿工coaly 含煤的coarse grained texture 粗粒结构coarse sand 粗砂coarsness 粗粒度coastal plain 海滨平原coastal sand dune 海岸沙丘coastal terrace 海岸阶地coastal vegetation 海滨植被coastline 海岸线coating 覆盖层code minier 矿山法则code of stratigraphic nomenclature 地层命名法规coeffcient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient 系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of discharge 量系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of permeability 渗透系数coefficient of relaxation 松弛系数coefficient of restitution 抗冲系数coefficient of safety 安全系数coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数coefficient of variation 变化系数coefficient of variation of grade 品位变化系数coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coeruleite 铜矿coke 焦炭coke button 焦渣coking 焦化coking capacity 结焦性coking coal 炼焦煤coking property 结焦性coking quality 结焦性collapse 崩落collapse basin 塌陷盆地collapse caldera 塌陷破火山口collapse doline 塌陷漏斗collapse lake 塌陷湖colony 群体columnar ore shoot 矿柱columnar section 地层柱状剖面图columnar structure 柱状构造compaction 压缩compaction fold 致密褶皱compensate 补偿compensating method 补偿法compensation 补偿compensation depth 补偿深度compensation point 补偿点compensation water 补偿水compensator 补偿器complex fault 复断层complex fold 复褶皱complex rock 复合岩concentrating mill 选矿厂concentration 浓度concentration gradient 浓度梯度concession 开采权condition of similarity 相似条件conditional equilibrium 条件平衡conditional instability 条件性不稳定性conduit 火山口conformable 整合的conformable contact 整合接触conjugate faults 共轭断层conjugate point 共轭点conjugate shear planes 共轭剪切面conjugate stress 共轭应力conjugated joint 共轭节理contact metamorphic deposit 接触变质矿床contact metamorphic zone 接触变质带contact metamorphism 接触变质contact metasomatism 接触交代contact mineral 接触矿物contact plane 接触面contemporaneous 同时的contemporaneous deformation structure 同生变形构造contemporaneous erosion 同时侵蚀contemporaneous fault 同生断层contemporaneous heterotopic facies 同时异相content 品位content of gas 瓦斯含量continental facies 陆相continental flysch formation 陆相复理式建造continental river 大陆河continental sea 内陆海continental sediment 陆相沉积continental shelf 陆棚continental slope 大陆坡coral 珊瑚core 岩心core analysis 岩心分析core bit 岩心钻头core boring method 取心钻探法core breaker 岩心提取器core drill 岩心钻core drilling 岩心钻进core extractor 岩心提取器core grabber 岩心爪correlation of coal seams 煤层对比correlation of strata 地层对比correlation table 对比表craton 稳定地块cratonization 克拉通化酌cretaceous period 白垩纪crozzling coal 炼焦煤crude oil 原油crust of weathering 风化壳crustal fault 地壳断裂cryptodome 潜圆丘cryptovolcanic structure 潜火山构造cryptozoic eons 隐生宙crystal 晶体cuticle 角质层cuticular 表皮的debris 岩屑debris cone 冲积锥debris soil 岩屑土deep focus earthquake 深源地震deep fold 基底褶曲deep karst channel 深岩溶洞deep sea deposit 深海沉积deep sea drilling 大洋钻探deep sea floor 深海底deep seated weathering 深层风化deep seismic sounding dss 深地震测深deep weathering 深层风化deep well drilling 深孔钻进deep well turbine pump 深钻孔涡轮泵defile 山谷deflation 风蚀deformation 应变deformation band 变形带degasify 脱瓦斯degass 脱瓦斯degree of hardness 硬度delta 三角洲delta deposit 三角洲沉积delta lake 三角洲湖deltaic coast 三角洲海岸dendrochronology 年轮年代学deposit of sedimentary origin 沉积成因矿床deposition factor 沉积因子deposition rate 沉积速度depositional surface 沉积面depositional system 沉积体系desert deposit 沙漠沉积物desert lake 沙漠湖development machine 掘进机development well 确定油田边界的井devonian 泥盆纪devonian period 泥盆纪dewater 排水dewatering 脱水dewatering pump 排水泵diameter of bore 钻孔直径diameter of particles 粒径diamond anvile 金刚石测钻diamond bit 金刚石钻头diamond boring 金刚石钻进diamond drilling 金刚石钻进diamond drilling bit 金刚石钻头discordance 不整合discordant 不整一的discordant age 不整合年龄discordant batholith 不整合岩基discordant bedding 不整合层理discordant injection 不整合侵入discordant intrusive 不整合侵入岩体dislocation 断层dislocation breccia 断层角砾岩dislocation metamorphism 断错变质dome 穹顶dome mountain 穹形山dome shaped fold 穹状褶皱dome shaped volcano 穹状火山dome structure 穹窿构造dormant volcano 休火山drill hole 钻孔drill rig 钻机drill rod 钻杆drill steel 钻钢drill stem 钻杆driller's log 钻井记录drilling bit 钻头drilling derrick 钻塔drilling exploration 钻探drilling rig 钻机drilling technique 钻探技术drilling template 井口盘drilling unit 钻井装置drilling with direct circulation of mud 泥浆正向循环钻进drillings 钻孔碎屑dry analysis 干法分析dry gas 干瓦斯durain 暗煤dyas 二迭系dyke 岩脉dynamic geology 动力地质学dynamic geomorphology 动力地貌学galery 巷道gangue 脉石gangue rock 脉石岩gap 峡谷;间隙;海谷gap in the succession of strata 地层间断gas coal 气煤gas flame coal 长焰煤gasify 煤气化enetic type of ore deposit 矿床成因类型genetic types of coal 煤成因类型geoanticline 地背斜geoarchaeology 地质考古学geoastronomy 宇宙地质学geobarometer 地质压力计geobasin 地盆geochemical 地球化学的geochemical anomaly 地球化学异常geochemical balance 地球化学均衡geochemical behavior 地球化学性状geochemical behaviour of elements 元素的地球化学性状geochronology 地质年代学geochronometry 地质年代测定法geodynamics 地质力学geogeny 地球成因学geographical latitude 地理纬度geographical longitude 地理经度geologic setting 地质构造geologic time 地质年代geological age 地质时代geological background 地质背景geological compass 地质罗盘geological conditions 地质条件geological record 地质编录geological reserves 地质储量geological section 地质剖面geological survey 地质勘查geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 大地构造学gneiss 片麻岩gneissic 片麻状的grade of coal 煤级grance coal 光亮型煤granite 花岗岩grit 粗砂岩grout 水泥浆guyot 平顶海山hand drilling 人工打钻heading machine 掘进机high moor 高位沼泽high volatile bituminous coal a 气煤high volatile bituminous coal b 长焰煤high volatile bituminous coal c 焰煤hillside creep 滑坡hoist 升起hoisting cable 提升铜丝绳hoisting crane 升降起重机hole boring 井孔钻进hole deviation 钻眼偏斜hole drilling 井孔钻进hole mouth 井口hole size 钻孔直径holespacing 炮眼间距holocene 全新世horizontal angle 水平角horizontal fault 水平断层horizontal slip 水平滑动horizontal stratum 水平岩层horst 地垒horst block mountain 地垒式断块山humate 腐殖酸盐humic acid 胡敏酸humic coal 腐殖煤humification 腐殖化humin 胡敏素huminite 腐殖煤humosapropelic coal 腐殖腐泥煤humus 腐殖质hydrogeochemical prospecting 水文地球化学勘探hydrostatic pressure 静水压力hydrothermal deposit 热液矿床hypabyssal 半深成的hypautochthonous coal 微异地生成煤hypsographic map 等高线地形图ice age 冰期ice barrier 冰障ice cap 冰帽idiochromatic 自色的igneous 火成的igneous rock 火成岩imbricate 叠瓦状imbricated fault 叠瓦状断层imbricated structure 叠瓦构造imbricated texture 叠瓦状结构immediate roof 直接顶immerse 浸入impact 冲击碰撞impact crusher 冲撞破碎机impermeability 不渗透性impermeable seam 不透水层impervious bed 不透水层impervious horizon 不透水层impregnate 浸染impregnated structure 浸染状构造impregnation 浸透impregnation deposit 浸染矿床impsonite 焦性沥青incipient peneplain 初期准平原incipient peneplane 初期准平原inclination 倾角inclined bed 倾斜层inclined boring 倾斜钻进inclined drilling 倾斜钻进inclined fold 歪斜褶皱inclined plane 倾斜面inclined seam 斜矿层inclined shaft 斜井inclined slice 倾斜分层incompetent bed 弱岩层induced fan 抽风机induced infiltration 诱导渗透industrial classification of coal 煤工业分类industrial grade 工业品位inferred reserves 推算储量infrastructure 下层构造infusorial earth 硅藻土ingression 海侵inherent ash 固有灰分initial dip 原始倾斜initial form 原始地形inland 内地inland basin 内陆盆地inland lake 内陆湖inland sea 内海inlet 峡湾interbedded 夹层的interbedded stratum 夹层interbedding 互层intercalary strata 夹层intercontinental sea 陆间海intercratonic basin 克拉通内盆地interglacial 间冰期的interglacial epoch 间冰期interior basin 内陆盆地interlayer 夹层intermediate hinterland 中间地块intermediate massif 中间地块intermediate rock 中性岩intermount basin 山间盆地interpolation 内插法interregional unconformity 区域不整合intrusion 侵入intrusive rock 侵入岩inverted fold 倒转褶皱inverted order 倒转层位isobath 等深线isohypse 等高线isopach 等厚线isopach map 等厚图isotopic age determination 用同位素的时代测定isotopic analysis 同位素分析isotopic dating 用同位素的时代测定jack hammer 凿岩锤jet 煤精joint 节理;关节joint set 节理组joint surface 节理面jura 侏罗纪jurassic period 侏罗纪kaolin 高岭土kaolinite 高岭石karst 岩溶karst denudation plane 岩溶剥蚀面karst landform 岩溶地貌karst landscape 岩溶景观karstenite 硬石膏katamorphism 碎裂变质katazone 深变质带kink 弯曲kink fold 折带褶曲lacuna 地层缺失lacustrine deposits 湖沉积lacustrine formation 湖积建造lacustrine terrace 湖成阶地lagoon 泻湖lagoon deposits 泻湖沉积lagoon sediments 泻湖沉积land facies 陆相land subsidence 地盘沉陷latitude 纬度lava 熔岩lava bed 熔岩层lava cascade 熔岩瀑布lava column 熔岩柱lava cone 熔岩锥lava crater 熔岩火口lava dome 熔岩穹丘lava flood 熔岩泛lava flow 熔岩流lava sheet 熔岩席layer of shale 夹层layered gneiss 层状片麻岩llead lead method 铅法年龄测定lead zinc ore 铅锌矿leaf by leaf injection 层层侵入legend 图例lens 扁豆状矿体lensoid ore body 透镜状矿体leucocrate 淡色岩leucocratic rock 淡色岩levee 天然堤level 水准level surface 水准面lignification 褐煤化lignified 褐煤化的lignite 褐煤limb 翼limb of fold 褶皱翼limestone 石灰岩limestone cave 灰岩洞linear fold 线状褶皱linked vein 链状矿脉liptobiolith 残植煤lit by lit injection 层层贯入lit par lit intrusion 间层侵入lithofacies 岩相lithofacies map 岩相图lithogenesis 岩石成因lithosphere 岩石圈lithospheric fault 岩圈断裂lithotype 煤岩类型littoral terrace 海滨阶地local unconformity 局部不整合log 钻孔柱状图;测井记录log interpretation 测井记录解释logging 测井long flame coal 长焰煤low volatile bituminous coal 低挥发分烟煤low volatile coal 低挥发分煤lump coal 块煤maceral 煤显微组分macrosporangium 大孢子囊macrospore 大孢子macrosporophyll 大孢子叶macrostratigraphy 宏观地层学macrostructure 宏观结构magma 岩浆magmatic rock 岩浆岩magnetic north 磁北magnetite 磁铁矿malachite 孔雀石malacolite 白透辉石mantle 地幔map interlinking 接图marginal sea 边缘海marginal trough 边缘地槽marine deposit 海洋沉积marine erosion 海蚀marl 泥灰岩marlaceous face 泥灰岩相marsh 沼泽marsh peat 湿地泥炭massif 地块massive 块状的massive coal 块煤mature 成孰的mature stage 壮年期mature valley 壮年谷maturity 壮年期maximum basin relief 最大盆地起伏meadow 草地meagre coal 贫煤measuring reel 卷尺measuring stick 量尺measuring tape 卷尺measuring tube 量筒mechanical weathering 机械风化medium grained sand 中粒沙medium grained texture 中粒结构medium sand 中砂medium thickness seam 中厚层medium volatile bituminous coal 中度挥发烟煤megabreccia 巨形角砾岩meridian 子午线meridional circulation 经向环流meridional structural system 经向构造体系mesocrate 中色岩mesocratic 中色的mesodialyte 中性石mesogeosyncline 陆间地槽meta ripples 不对称波痕metallogenic epoch 成矿时代metallogenic factors 成矿因素metallogenic map 成矿图metallogenic province 成矿区metallogeny 矿床成因论metamorphic 变质的metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic diffusion 变质扩散酌metamorphic event 变质事件metamorphic facies 变质相metamorphic grade 变质程度metamorphic map 变质图metamorphic reaction 变质反应metamorphic rock 变质岩metasomatism 交代metasomatosis 交代变质metasome 交代矿物mica 云母microspore 小孢子microtectonics 显微构造mid oceanic ridge 洋中脊mid oceanic ridge basalt 中央海脊玄武岩mill 选矿厂mineragenetic province 成矿区mineral 矿物mineral assemblage 矿物集合mineral association 矿物组合mineral composition 矿物成分mineral deposit 矿床mineral occurrence 矿点mineral resources 矿石储量;矿产资源mineralized zone 矿化带minimum mining content 最小可采品位minimum mining thickness 最小可采厚度minimum mining width 最小可采厚度minimum temperature 最低温度minimum workable grade 最低可采品位minimum workable thickness 最低可采厚度mining 矿业;采矿mining losses 开采损失mining right 采矿权miocene 中新世moisture content 水分含量moisture content of coal 煤水分monoclinal 单钭的monoclinal fold 单斜褶皱monoclinal mountain 单面山morass 沼泽moss bog 藓类沼泽mountain range 山脉mountain ridge 山脊mountain system 山系muscovite 白云母muscovite schist 白云母片岩nappe 推复体natrium 钠natural asphalt 天然沥青natural coke 天然焦炭neo ice age 新冰期neogene 新近纪neutral humus 中性腐殖质nickel 镍nickel ore 镍矿nonbedded 非成层的noncoking coal 非粘结性煤nonconformity 不整合normal fault 正断层normal fold 正褶皱normal order 正常层序normal succession 正常层序north latitude 北纬north pole 北极obduction 仰冲obduction plate 仰冲板块obduction zone 仰冲带oblique fault 斜断层oblique fold 斜卧褶皱oblique joint 斜节理offshore 外滨offshore bar 滨外洲oligocene 渐新世onlap 海侵超覆open cut mining 露天采矿open cut ore mine 露天开采矿山open hearth 平炉open pit method 露天开采法ophiolite 蛇绿岩ophiolite formation 蛇绿岩建造ordovician 奥陶纪ore 矿石ore bed 矿层ore deposit 矿床ore dilution 矿石贫化ore formation 矿石建造ore pillar 矿柱ore reserve 矿储藏量orogen 造山地带orogenesis 造山运动orogenic cycle 造山旋回overfold 倒转褶皱overland flow 表面径流overland runoff 地表径流overlap 超复overlying strata 覆层overlying strata of coal measures 煤系盖层overthrust 逆掩断层overthrust block 掩冲体overthrust mass 掩冲体overthrust plane 逆掩断层面overthrust sheet 逆掩层overthrusting plate 上冲板块overturn 倒转overturned anticline 倒转背斜overturned fold 倒转褶皱overturned succession of strata 倒转层序oxidation zone 氧化带oxidation zone of sulphide deposits 硫化物矿床氧化带oxygen content of coal 煤中氧paired metamorphic belt 双变质带paleogene 古近纪paleogeographical map 古地理图paleostructure 古构造paleotectonic 古构造的paleotypal 古相的paleozoic era 古生代paludal 沼泽的paludification 沼泽化paraclase 断层裂缝paraconformity 似整合parallel faults 平行断层parallel folding 平行褶皱parallel growth 平行共生parallel unconformity 假整合parallel vein 平行脉parent rock 母岩pay dirt 可采矿石pay ore 可采矿石peat 泥炭peat bog 泥炭沼泽peat formation 泥炭形成pegmatite 伟晶岩pegmatite deposit 伟晶岩矿床pelagic deposit 深海沉积pelagic facies 远海相pelagic sediment 远海沉积物pelite 泥质岩pelitic 泥质的pelitic rock 泥质岩peneplain 准平原percussion rotary boring 冲积钻钻探percussive rotary drilling 冲积钻钻探periclinal 穹状的periclinal structure 穹状构造peridot 橄榄石peridotite 橄榄岩period 纪periostracum 角质层permian 二叠纪permian period 二叠纪petrofacies 岩相petrographical formation 岩层petrographical province 岩区petrography 岩石学petroleum 石油phreatic rise 地下水上升phreatic zone 潜水带phyllite 千枚岩phyllitic 千枚状的piedmont 山麓piedmont alluvial plain 山前冲积平原piedmont benchland 山麓阶地piedmont glacier 山麓冰川piedmont plain 山麓冲积平原pillow lava 枕状熔岩pillow like 枕状的pillow structure 枕状构造pistacite 绿帘石placer deposit 砂积矿床plain 平原plain of accumulation 堆积平原plain of denudation 剥蚀平原plain of marine erosion 海蚀平原plant ash 植物灰plate 板plate collision 板块碰撞plate kinematics 板块运动学plate margin 板块边缘plate movement 板块运动plate tectonics 板块构造plateau 高原plateau basalt 高原玄武岩platform 台地platform anteclise 台背斜pluvial age 洪积时期polder 堤围泽地possible ore 可能矿量possible reserves 可能储量post glacial age 冰期后的时期post glacial period 冰后期precambrian 前寒武纪primary peneplain 始准平原primary sedimentary structure 原始沉积构造primeval forest 原始森林primitive 原始的probable reserves 可能储量process of crustal movement 地壳运动过程prognostic map 预测图proluvial fan 洪积扇prospect hole 勘探钻孔prospect opening 勘探巷道prospect pit 探井prospect shaft 勘探立井prospect tunnel 勘探平硐prospecting 勘探prospecting bore 勘探钻孔prospecting by drilling 钻进勘探prospecting pit 勘探试坑prospecting well 探井proved ore 证实的矿量proved reserves a级储量proximate analysis of coal 煤工业分析psammite 砂质岩psammitic 砂屑的psammitic rock 砂质岩psephitic 砾状的psephitic rock 砾质岩pulverized coal 粉煤pyrite 黄铁矿quarry 采石场quarrying 露天开采quarternary 第四纪quartz 石英quartz crystal 水晶rain print 雨痕rain rill 雨沟rate of production 生产率rate of recovery 回采率rate of sedimentation 沉淀速度rate of subsidence 沉陷速度raw coal 原煤recovery 回收;采取recovery factor 岩心采取率recovery hook 打捞钩recovery ratio 回采率recrement 矸石reef 礁regression 海退regression analysis 回归分析regressive sequence 海退层序rejects 尾矿relative age 相对时代retrogradation 海蚀后退reverse fault 逆断层rhythm 韵律ridge 海岭riebeckite 钠闪石rift 裂谷rift belt 裂谷带rift valley 中央裂谷rift zone 裂谷带rig 钻探设备right angle 直角rill 小溪rock facies 岩相rock formation 岩系rotary bit 旋转式钻头rotary boring 回转钻探rotary drill 旋转钻机rotary drilling machine 旋转钻机row 煤层run 走向run of mine coal 原煤run of mine ore 原矿rutile 金红石sac shaped 囊状的safe yield 可靠产量sag 凹陷salt dome 盐丘salt lake 盐湖salt marsh 咸沼;盐沼saprolite 腐泥土sapropel 腐殖泥sapropelic coal 腐泥煤sapropelic groundmass 腐泥基质sapropelite 腐泥岩sapropelites 腐泥岩sapropelitic group 腐泥化组saprophages 腐生物saprophytes 腐生物sapropsammite 砂质腐泥scaffold 脚手架schist 片岩schistosity 片理sea level 海平面sea level fluctuation 海面升降sea water intrusion 海水浸入seam floor 底盘seam roof 顶盖岩seam thickness 层厚secondary recovery 二次开采sediment 沉积sedimentary cover 沉积盖层sedimentary cycle 沉积旋回sedimentary deposit 沉积矿床sedimentary formation 沉积建造sedimentary mantle 沉积盖层sedimentary model of coal 煤沉积模式sedimentary nappe 沉积推复体sedimentary rock 沉积岩sedimentary structure 沉积构造sedimentary system 沉积体系sedimentation basin 沉积盆地sedimentation rate 沉淀速度semianthracite 半无烟煤semibituminous coal 半沥青煤semibright coal 半亮煤semidull coal 半暗煤serpentine 蛇纹石serpentite 蛇纹石shield 地盾shiver 页岩siderite 菱铁矿silt 粉砂silting 淤积siltstone 粉砂岩silurian 志留纪slate 板岩slide 滑动slide fault 滑动断裂slime 淤泥sphenoid 楔状sphenolith 岩楔spongy parenchyma 海绵组织spongy spicule 海绵骨针spongy structure 海绵构造spontaneous combustion of coal 煤自燃发火spore 孢子spore bearing plants 孢子植物spore coal 孢子煤spore coat 孢壁sporinite 孢子体sporinitic liptobiolith 孢子残殖煤stable humus 稳定腐植质steep fault 陡角断层steep slope 高倾斜steepness 陡度strand deposits 沿滨沉积strata 地层stratiform 层状的stratiform ore deposit 层状矿床stratigraphic overlap 地层超复stream bed 河床stream channel 河道sstrike 走向strike fault 走向断层strike joint 走向节理strike line 走向线sublittoral zone 潮下带submarine coal field 海底煤田sulfur content of coal 煤中硫量sulfur metasomatism 硫交代table mount 平顶海山table mountain 平顶山table reef 平顶礁tail 尾tail assay 尾料分析tail fin 尾tailings 尾渣tailings grade 尾矿品位talc 滑石talus 山麓talus breccia 倒石锥角砾岩tar sand 沥青沙taxite 斑杂岩technologic properties of coal 煤工艺性tectogene 深坳槽tectonic 构造的tectonic axis 构造轴tectonic basin 构造盆地tectonic facies 构造相tectonic level 构造层位tectonic map 大地构造图temperate climate 温带气候temperate lake 温带湖temperate zone 温带tendency 倾向tensile force 张力tensile strength 抗张强度tensile stress 张应力tension 张力tension deep fracture 张性深断裂tension fracture 张破裂tension joint 张节理terrestrial facies 陆相terrestrial sediments 陆地沉积层terrigenous deposit 陆源沉积test boring 勘探钻井test hole 探井test piece 试验片test pit 探井test well 探井theodolite 经纬仪theory of isostasy 地壳均衡说theory of pediplanation 山麓剥蚀平原学说theory of polycycle 多旋回说thermal capacity 热容量thin bed 薄层thin out of coal seam 煤层尖灭three dimensional seismic method 三维地震勘探法thrust 逆冲断层thrust fault 逆冲断层thrust plane 逆逆断层面tidal current 潮流tidal delta 潮汐三角洲tidal efficiency 潮汐率tidal terrace 后滨阶地tidal zone 潮汐带tide 潮汐tilt 倾斜tilted aquifer 倾斜含水层tilted block 倾斜地块tilted stratum 倾斜层top slicing system 下向分层采矿法topographic map 地形图topography 地形学topset bed 顶积层transgression 海进transgressive injection 不整合侵入transgressive overlap 海侵超覆transgressive unconformity 海侵不整合triassic 三叠期triassic period 三迭纪tropical climate 热带气候tropical lake 热带湖tropical zone 热带true dip 真倾角true thickness 真厚度turf 泥炭turfary 泥炭沼泽ultimate analysis of coal 煤炭元素分析ultimate plain 终平原ultrabasic rock 超基性岩ultrabasite 超基性岩unconformable 不整合的unconformity 不整合underground gasification of coal 煤炭地下气化underground water 地下水underhand stoping 下向梯段回采underlying bed 下伏层underlying seam 下层unsymmetric fold 不对称褶皱upland 高地upland moor 高位沼泽uplifted plain 上升平原upper confining bed 上覆隔水层upper roof 老顶upstream water 上层带水。

简明地质词典
地质学（Geology）：研究地球的物质组成、内部结构、历史
发展、地质过程和地质事件的学科。

岩石（Rock）：地球表面上由矿物质组成的固体物质。

矿物（Mineral）：自然界中的无机固体物质，具有特定的化
学成分和晶体结构。

火山（Volcano）：地球表面上的一种地质现象，通常是岩浆
从地下喷出形成的。

地震（Earthquake）：地球表面上的震动，是由地壳断裂和地
震波传播引起的。

地层（Stratum）：地球表面的岩石层序，由不同时期形成的
岩石组成。

地质时间尺度（Geologic Time Scale）：将地球历史分为不同
的地质时期和时代的时间划分系统。

断层（Fault）：地壳中的岩石破裂带，常常伴随地震活动。

地温（Geothermal）：地球内部的热能，可以用于地热能利用。

地球内核（Inner Core）：地球内部的一部分，由铁和镍等金
属组成。

地学（Geoscience）：研究地球的各个方面，包括地球表面、
内部、大气和生物等的学科集合。

地质勘探（Geological Exploration）：通过采样、勘探和调查
等手段，了解地质结构和资源分布的过程。

地球化学（Geochemistry）：研究地球化学元素的分布和循环
的学科。

地貌（Landform）：地球表面的形状和地形特征。

地球外科学（Exogeology）：研究地球外天体，如月球、行星、彗星等的物质组成和地质特征的学科。

Geology（地质）专业英语词汇2. GEOLOGY地质2.1 LITHOLOGY CASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION ORDER岩性分类和描述顺序2.1.1 Rock Types 岩石类型Sedi Sedimentry 沉积岩clas clastic 碎屑岩ss sandstone 砂岩mdst mudstone 泥岩sh shale 页岩clyst, clst claystone 粘土岩sd sand 砂mSsd medium sandstone 中砂岩fsst fine sandstone 细砂岩bldr boulder 卵石pbl pebble 卵石grl gravel 砾石cgl conglomerate 砾岩gywk graywacke 硬砂岩cbl cobble 大鹅卵石ark arkose 长石砂岩grnl granule 粒砂brec breccic 角砾岩bioc bioclastic 生物碎屑岩vcrs sst very coarse sandstone 极粗砂岩argl argillite 泥板岩gyp gypsum 石膏anhy anhydrite 硬石膏slt salt 盐岩flint-lingite 隧石carbonate 碳酸盐岩ls limestone 灰岩，石灰岩dolo dolomite 白云石dolst dolostone 白云岩mrls marlstone 泥灰石coq coquina 贝壳灰岩biosp biosparte 生物亮晶灰岩biomi biomicrite 生物微晶灰岩clcar calcarenite 灰屑岩，钙屑灰岩 clclt calcilutite 泥屑石灰岩micr micrite 微晶灰岩clcrd calcirudite 砾屑石灰岩clslt calcisilitite 粉砂屑石灰岩grst grainstone 粒状灰岩oolitic limestone 鲕状灰岩Igneous Rock 火成岩intrusive igneous 侵入岩extrusive igneous 喷出岩volc colcanic 火山岩grt granite 花岗岩dr diorite 闪长岩grdr grano diorite 花岗闪长岩qu dr quartz diorite 石英闪长岩dr po diorite porphyrite 闪长玢岩syenite 正长岩gab, gb gabbro 辉长岩qu po quartz porphyrite 石英玢岩an andesite 安山岩bas basalt 玄武岩arag aragonite 纹石，霞石Meta Metsmorphic rock 变质岩phyl phyllite 千枚岩sl slate 板岩sch schist 片岩mbl marble 大理岩gne gneiss 片麻岩qtzt quartzite 石英岩novac novaculite致密石英岩2.1.2 COL Color, Colour 颜色blk black 黑色brn brown 棕色yel yellow 黄色gy, gry grey 灰色or orange 橙色，桔色bl blue 蓝色gn, grn green 绿色wi, wht white 白色pnk pink 粉红色pl purple 紫色lav lavender 浅紫色，淡紫色bf buff 浅黄色tn tan 棕黄色choc chocolate 褐色och ochve 褐色，黄褐色olv olive 橄榄色crm cream 奶油色mott motted 杂色，斑点vocl varicoloree 杂色的amb amber 琥珀色lt light 淡的dk, drk dark 暗的cc color code 颜色代码2.1.3 Hardness 硬度VHD very hard 非常硬MHD middle hard 中硬H hard 硬SFT soft 软VSFT very soft 非常软2.1.4 Roundness 磨圆sharp angular 尖棱状angle angular 棱角状subangle subangular 次棱角状subrnd subround 次圆状rnd round 圆状well round 磨圆好2.1.5 Grain Size Terminology 颗粒大小术语(see app. T able) （见附表）2.1.6 Sorting 分选go good 好f fair 一般md medium 中等pr poor 差c coarsely 粗造2.1.7 Cementation 胶结，胶结物cp compact 胶结致密dns dense 胶结密实well well 胶结好lse loose 胶结疏松sdy are sandy arenaceous 砂质sdy sandy 砂质mdy are mudy argillaceous 泥质ethy earthy 泥质cly clay 粘土质cal, calc calcarous 钙质si siliceous 硅质lim limy 灰质kao kaolin 高岭土质carb carbonaceous 碳质的qtzc quartzitic 石英质quartzizose 石英质的nac nacreous 珍珠质2.1.8 Accessories of Rock 岩石的次要成分min mineral 矿物accessary mineral 次生矿物qz, qtz quartz 石英mic, mica micaceous 云母musc muscovite 白云母biot biotite 黑云母srct sericite 绢云母fld feldspar 长石orth orthpclase 正长石plag plagioclase 斜长石gab gabbro 辉长石py pyrite 黄铁矿lmt limonite 褐铁矿mag magnetite 磁铁矿calc calcite 方解石dol dolomite 白云石gyp gypsum 石膏anhy anhydite 无水石膏sa salt 盐asph asphalt 沥青bit bitumen 沥青gil gilsomite 天然沥青flnt flint 黑燧石，电石cht chert 黑硅石chk chalk 白垩fos fossils 化石micfo microfossil 微化石macfo macrofossil 大化石pl fos plant fossil 植物化石vrtb vertebrate 脊椎动物ancient life 古生物fau fauna 动物群flo flora 植物群spo, spr spore 孢子，孢粉tri trilobite 三叶虫cor coral 珊瑚shl shell 贝壳amm ammonite 菊石alg algae 藻类diat diatoms 硅藻char charophyte 轮藻类grap graptolite 笔石类ost ostracod 介形虫（节肢动物）para paraparchites 介形虫cono conodont 牙形虫crin crinoid 海百合Tent Tentaculities 竹节石属moll mollusc 软体动物Ech Echinoid 海胆类（棘皮动物） Bry Bryozoa 苔藓动物门Ceph Cephalipod 头足纲（软体类）Belm Belmnifera 箭石属（头足类）Brach Brachinopoda 腕足类（动物门）Cyp Cypridopsis 斗星介属（介形类）foram foraminifera 有孔虫类Endo Endothgra 内卷虫属（有孔虫类）Glob Globigerina 抱球虫属（有孔虫类）Gast Gasttropod 腹足纲（软体动物）Fus Fusulinicl 纺锤蜓2.1.9 Depositional Distinguishing Feature 沉积识别特征sedimentary structure 沉积构造bdd beded 层状的bndd banded 层状的band band 夹层xlam crosslaminated 交错层理xbdd crossbeded 交错层intbdd interbeded 互层的，夹层的crnk crinkled 褶皱cont contact 接触，界面unconf unconformity 不整合conf conformity 整合crev crevive 裂隙conc concretion 结核，含有物nod nodules 结核。

English a horizona lineationa twinaa lavaaalenian stageabandonabandoned mine abandoned wellabatisabdomenabdominal appendage abdominal cavity abdominal finabductorabductor muscle abernathyiteaberrationabichiteabiogenesisabiogenyabiotic factorablationablation brecciaablation moraineablation skinablation tillablykiteabnormalabnormal interference color abnormal metamorphism abolitionabradeabrasionabrasion platformabrasion surfaceabrasion terraceabrasionn testabrasiveabraziteabsarokiteabsiteabsolute ageabsolute black body absolute chronology absolute datingabsolute geopotential absolute porosity absolute pressure absolute structure absorbed water absorbentabsorberabsorbing well absorptionabsorption axis absorption border absorption curve absorption edge absorption factor absorption spectrum absorptive capacity absorptivity abukumaliteabundanceabundance of elements abundance of isotopes abundance ratio of isotopes abysmal depositsabyssabyssalabyssal benthic zone abyssal depositsabyssal faciesabyssal hills province abyssal injectionabyssal rockabyssal sediments acadialiteacadian stageacalycineacalycinousacanthiteacanthoidacaustobioliteaccelerated development accelerationaccelerometeraccessoryaccessory ejectaaccessory minerals accidental ejectaaccidental inclusion accidental speciesaccidental xenolithacclivityaccompanying mineral accordance of summit levels accordant junction accordion foldaccretionaccretion gleyaccretion theory accretionary lapilli accumulateaccumulated temperature accumulationaccumulation horizon accumulation moraine accumulation terrace accumulation theory of volcano accumulation till accumulative phase accuracyacephalousacephalous larvaacerousacetateacetic acidacf diagramachavaliteachiarditeachiriteachlamydeousachroiteachromaiteachromatic body achromatic lens achromatism achromatizeacicularaciculiformacid base equilibriumacid earthacid humusacid mine drainageacid plagioclaseacid rockacid soilacid solutionacid springacid treatment of oil payzone acid treatment of well acidic lavaacidificationacidimetryaciditeacidityacidizing of well acidophilous plants acidotrophic lake acidulationacline twinacmiteacotyledon acotyledonousacoustic basement acoustic foundation acoustic loggingacquired characteracre footacrobatholithic acrochorditeacrosporeactinoliteactinolite asbestos actinolite schistactinolitic greenschist facies actinometeractinometry actinomorphic actinomorphous actinomycesactinostele actinouraniumactinulaactivated adsorption activated carbon activated clayactivated complex activated wateractivationactivation analysis activation cross section activation energy activation logging activation method activation of platform activatoractive faultactive foldingactive glacieractive humusactive hydrogenactive plateactive remote sensing active tectonic pattern active volcanoactive wateractivityactivity coefficient activizationactivization platform block actual reservesactual volumeactualilyactualism actuopalaeontologyacuteacute bisectrixacutifoliateadamantadamantineadamantine lustre adamantine sparadamelliteadamineadamiteadamsiteadaptabilityadaptationadaptive radiation adcumulateadditionadditional phaseadductoradductor muscle scaradeliteadelogenicadelpholiteadenoidadergneissadheringadhesionadhesive disk adhesivenessadiabatadiabatic coolingadiabatic curveadiabatic equilibrium adiabatic heatingadiabatic lapse rate adiabatic processadiabatic stateadiabatic temperature gradient adiagnosticadigeiteadinoleadipoceriteadipocireadipose celladitadjacent rockadjacent seaadjoining rock adjustment admimistration admissionadobeadoraladsorbentadsorbing material adsorptionadsorption indicator adsorptive capacity adularadulariaadultadvanceadventitious plants adventive crater adventive volcano aecidiospore aeciosporeaegirineaegirine augiteaegiriteaenigmatiteaeolian clastics aeolian depositaeolian landform aeolian soilaerationaeration tissue aeration zone aerenchymaaerial method of geology aerial photographyaerial ropewayaerial surveyaerial triangulationaerifyaerobeaerocartograph aerogenous rock aerogeography aerogeologyaeroliteaerolithaeromagnetic survey aerophotogeological map aerophotogrammetry aerophotography aerophotography of geology aeroplankton aeroradioactive survey aerosiderite aerosideroliteaerositeaerugiteaeschyniteaffiliationaffine deformationaffinityaffluxafter deepaftereffectaftershockafwilliteagaliteagalmatoliteagamogonyagateageage determinationage of cycadsage spectraageing of colloidsagent of erosionagents of metamorphismageostrophic wind agglomerate agglomerate lava agglomeratic agglomeration agglutinate agglutinationagglutininaggradationaggradation terrace aggradational plain aggregateaggregationaggressive water agitationagmatiteagnathaagnoliteagnotozoic eraagpaiteagreementagricoliteagricultural geology agricultural geomorphology agroforestrial geology agrogeology agrohydrologgaguilariteaidyrliteaikiniteair borne radioactivityair chamberair compressorair dampingair drillingair dryingair elutriationair flush drillingair gunair hammerair liftair permeabilityair pressureair release valveair sacair separating tankair separatorair shrinkageair ventair volcanoairborne electromagnetic method airborne electromagnetics airborne magnetic prospecting airborne magnetometer airborne remote sensing airborne surveyairial cameraairviewairy phaseairy's spiralakaustobioliteakaustobiolithakeriteakermaniteakf diagramakineteakrochorditeaksaiteala twinalabandinealabanditealabasteralabastritealamositealaralaryalaskaitealaskitealatealbedoalbers' equal area projection albertitealbianalbian stagealbitealbite twinalbititealbitizationalbitophyrealboranitealeurolitealeuropeliticaleutitealexandritealgaealgae controlalgal ballalgal biscuitalgal coalalgal fungialgal limestonealgal reefalgal structurealginitealgodonitealgologyalgonkianalgonkian systemalgovitealiphatic compound alizarinalkalialkali alumina metasomatism alkali basaetalkali earth metalalkali feldsparalkali flatalkali gabbroalkali grantialkali lime indexalkali metalalkali olivine basaltalkali pyroxenealkali rock seriesalkali saltalkali syenitalkalic rockalkalic ultrabasic rock alkalifyalkalimetryalkaline amphibolization alkaline earthalkaline earth metal alkaline metasomatism alkaline pyroxenization alkaline rockalkaline rocksalkaline soilalkaline solutionalkaline springalkalinityalkalipicritealkalitrophic lake alkalizationalkalizealkaloidalkanesallactiteallagiteallaliniteallanitealleghanyiteallemontitealliteallivaliteallobarallocationallochemical metamorphism allochetiteallochroite allochromatic colour allochromatism allochthone allochthonous allochthonous coal allochthonous depositallochthonous limestone alloclastic brecciaallogenicallogenic elementallogenic mineralallogenic succession allomerism allometamorphismallometryallomigmatiteallomorphallomorphismallomorphousallopalladiumallopatric polymorphism allophaneallophase metamorphism alloskarnallothigenicallothigenous allotriomorphic allotriomorphic granular texture allotriomorphic structure allotriomorphic texture allotropeallotropic modification allotropic transformation allotropismallotropyallotypealloyalluvialalluvial apronalluvial channelalluvial conealluvial depositalluvial fanalluvial fan depositalluvial ore depositalluvial placeralluvial plainalluvial sand wave alluvial soilalluvial terracealluvial veneer alluviationalluvionalluviumalmandinealmanditealnicoalnoitealpalpha quartzalpha ray spectrometer alphititealpidesalpine animalsalpine beltalpine orogenyalpine type peridotite alpine type vein alpinotype orogeny alpinotype tectonics alsbachitealstonitealtaitealtaraltazimuthalterationalteration halo alteration zonealtered aureolealtered mineral alternantalternate phyllotaxis alternately pinnate alternatingalternating layers alternationalternation of beds alternation of generationsaltimeteraltitude altitudinal zonality alumalum shalealum slate alumianalumina aluminate aluminite aluminum alumochromite alunite alunitization alunogen alurgitealveolaralvite amagmatic amalgam amalgamation amarantite amazonite amazonitization ambatoarinite amberamberite ambient ambiguity amblygonite ambrite ambulacral foot ambulacral system ambularcral zone ameba amendment americium amesite ametaboly amethyst amherstiteamino acid metabolism aminobenzoic acid ammonioborite ammonitesamorphousamorphous graphite amorphous silica amositeamountamount of evaporation amount of precipitation amount of throw ampangabeitampeliteamphibiaamphibious plants amphiboleamphibolite amphibolite facies amphibolization amphigene amphigenite amphiproticampholyteamphotericamphoteric electrolyte amphoteric element amphoteric ion amphoteric oxide amphoterite amplexicaulamplifier for photocurrents amplitudeamplitude correction amplitude spectrum amygdaleamygdaloid amygdaloidal amygdaloidal structure amygduleanabatic windanadiagenesis anaerobeanaerobic bacteria anaerobiosis anagenesisanal finanal glandanalbiteanalcimeanalcimite analcimolithanalciteanaloganalogous organ analogueanalogyanalysis by sedimentation analytic standard analytical balance anamesite anamigmatism anamorphic zone anamorphismanapaiteanaseismanastomose anastrophenanataseanatectic magma anatectiteanatexisanauxite anchieutectic anchimetamorphism anchimonomineralic anchor iceancient channelancient elephant ancient landformandesineandesiteandesite lineandoriteandraditeanemoclasticsanemophilous plantanemophilyanemousiteangara floraangara shieldangaralandangaridesangiospermousangiospermsangle of contactangle of drawangle of incidenceangle of inclinationangle of internal frictionangle of reflectionangle of refractionangle of reposeangle of strikeangle of subsidenceanglesiteangriteangularangular discordanceangular unconformityangularityangustifoliateanhedralanhydrationanhydrideanhydriteanhydrite formationanhysteretic remanent magnetiazation animal charcoalanimal theoryanimikie systemanimikiteanisiananisodesmic structure anisometricanisophyllous anisotrophismanisotropicanisotropic fabric anisotropyanisotropy of crystals ankaramiteankaratriteankeriteannaannabergiteannealing recrystallization annelidsanneroditeanniteanniviteannualannual amount of precipitation annual plantannual ringannularannulationannulusanomalous electric field anomalous extinction anomalous interference color anomalous leadanomalous upheaval anomalyanomiteanonymousanorogenic period anorogenic timeanorthiteanorthititeanorthositeantagonismantarcticantarcticaantecedentantecedent precipitation index antecedent river antecedent valleyantecliseantegenetic riverantennaantennuleantherantheridiumantholiteanthophylliteanthozoaanthraciteanthracite coal anthraconiteanthraxoliteanthraxylon anthropogenic factor anthropogeography anthropoidanthropoid apes ape anthropology anthropophyte anthropostratigraphy antibonding electron anticathodeanticlinalanticlinal axisanticlinal bendanticlinal domeanticlinal faultanticlinal foldanticlinal limbanticlinal mountain anticlinal ridgeanticlinal theoryanticlinal valley anticlinal zoneanticlineanticlinoriumanticliseanticlockwise anticoincidence antidune antiferromagnetism antifluorite structure antiformantiformal syncline antigoriteantimoniteantimonyantimony bloom antipathyantipertiteantiseismicantisepticantistress mineral antisymmetrization antithetic faultantleriteantofagastiteanulusapachiteapatiteaperiodicityapertureapexapex of shellaphanicaphaniphyricaphaniteaphanitic texture aphanitic variolitic texture aphotic zone aphrosiderite aphthaloseaphthitaliteapical system apjohniteapliteapliticaplitic faciesaplitic texture aplogranite apoandesiteapobasaltapogeeapograniteapolar adsorption apomagmatic apomagmatic deposit apophylliteapophyseapophysisaposporyapparentapparent density apparent dipapparent heave apparent resistivity apparent resistivity curve apparent resistivity map apparent specific gravity apparent velocity apperance of crystal apple coalapplied geochemistry applied geology applied geomorphology applied geothermics applied geothermy applied palaeontology applied seismology appraisementapron reefaptianaquaticaquatic animals aqueductaqueous deposit aqueous rock aqueous soil aqueous solution aquicludeaquiferaquifer lossaquifer storage aquifer test aquiferousaquifugeaquitanian stage aquitardarachnidea araeoxenearagonite arakawaite aramayoite arandisite arborescentarc of compressionarc of foldingarcharchaean era archaeocyte archaeogeology archaeopteris flora archaeopteryx archaeozoicarchaianarchbendarcheanarchean greenstone belt arched structure archegone archegoniumarcheophytic era archeozoic era archetype archipelagic apron archipelago arcogenesis arcogenyarcticarctic air massarctic frontarctic plantsarctic subregion arctoalpinearcuatearcuate delta ardealiteardenniteareaarea of artesian flow area of influence areal eruption arenaceous arenaceous rock arenaceous texture arenesarenopelitic arenose arfvedsonite argentiferous argentite argentobismutite argentojarosite argentopyriteargilargillaceous argillaceous limestone argillite argillizationargonargyroditearid basinarid peneplainarid zonearidity coefficientaridity indexariegitearithmetical averaging grade arithmetical averaging thickness arizonitearkitearkosearkosic sandstonearmangitearmored conearmored fishesaromatic base crude oil arrangementarroyoarsenatearsenicarseniopleite arseniosideritearsenitearsenoclasitearsenolitearsenomiargyrite arsenopyritearteriteartesian aquiferartesian basinartesian ground water artesian pressure head artesian springartesian waterartesian wellarthropodaartic frontarticulationartificialartificial classification artificial crystalartificial diamondartificial earthquake artificial earth's satellite artificial ground water artificial hypocenter artificial mineral artificial radio element artificial radioactivity artificial recharge artificial satellite artificial seismic source artificial selection artiniteartinsk stage artinskianasbestosasbestusasbolaneasboliteascending development ascension theory ascent curve aschaffiteaschariteaschisticaschistic dike aschistic dyke aschistiteascon type ascosporeascusaseismicasexual generation asexual reproduction ash bedash cloudash coneash content of coalash fallash flowash freeash showerashgillian stage ashingasmanite asparagolite asparagus stone asperiteasphaltasphalt sealing trap asphaltenes asphaltic base crude oil asphaltic pyrobitumen asphaltite asphaltumaspiteasporousassayassay balanceassay mapassaying assessment well assimilate assimilation associateassociate species associate structure associated mineral associated ore association association of elements assyntiteassypiteastableastaticastatic magnetometer astaticismastatineastatisationasteroid asthenosphereastian stageastiteastroblemastrogeologyastrophylliteasymmetricasymmetric carbon atom asymmetric dispersion asymmetric foldasymmetricalasymmetrical anticline asymmetrical crystal monochromator asymmetrical ridgeasymmetryasynchronousatacamiteatatschiteatavismataxic mineral depositataxiteataxiticatectonicatelestiteatlantic oceanatlantic suiteatlasspatatmoclastatmoclastic rockatmoclasticsatmogenic metamorphism atmometeratmophile elementatmosphereatmospheric pressure atmospheric rockatmospheric weathering atmospheric window atmospheric windowsatollatoll lakeatoll textureatomic bindingatomic bondatomic energy level atomic mass unit atomic ratioatomic sizeatomic spectrum atomic unitatomic volume atomisticsatrioatrio lakeatrioporeatriumattenuation attenuation constant attenuation factor attractionattributeattritionattritusatypicalaubriteauerliteaugeliteaugen structure augengneissaugerauger drillaugiteaugititeaulacogeneaureoleaurichalcite auriferousauriferous conglomerate auripigmentauroraauroral zone australiteauthigene authigenesis authigenicauthigenic mineral authigenousauto injection autobreccia autobreccited lava autocatalysis autochthone autochthonous autochthonous coal autochthonous deposit autochthonous fold autochthonous granite autochthonous limestone autoclasesautoclastautoclastic autoclastic rock autoclave autocorrelation function autogenic succession autogeny autogeosyncline autointrusionautolith autometamorphism autometasomatism automolite automorphic autopneumatolysis autoradiography autotrophism autotrophyautotypeautuniteauversian stage auxiliary curve auxiliary fault auxiliary joint auxiliary mineral available relief available wateravalanche brecciaavenaventurineaverage lifeavezaciteavicenniteavioliteavogadriteawaruiteaxe stoneaxialaxial angleaxial colouraxial distribution analysisaxial planeaxial plane cleavageaxial plane foldingaxial plane foliationaxial plane schistosityaxial ratioaxial sectionaxial skeletonaxial traceaxillaryaxillary budaxiniteaxinitizationaxioliteaxiolithaxioliticaxisaxis of rotationaxis of rotatory reflectionaxis of symmetryaxis planeazeotropeazeotropyazilian ageazimuthazimuthal equal area projection azimuthal equidistant projectionazimuthal projection azimuthal quantum number azoic eraazuritebabel quartz babingtonitebacillitebackback deepback flowback radiationback reflection camera back swampbackfillbackground value backlandbackpressurebackshorebackwashbackwashing method backwaterbacteriabacterial analysis bacterielles fossil baculitebad landbaddeleyitebadenitebaectuitebag of orebagrationitebahiaitebaikalitebailerbajocianbakeritebaking coalbalancebalance resources balanced filterbalasball dioriteball graniteball ironstoneball millball porphyryball structureball textureballasballingbalsambaltic shieldbanakitebanatitebandbandedbanded agatebanded claybanded coalbanded gneissbanded hematite quartzite banded iron ore deposit banded lodebanded migmatite banded orebanded structure banded veinbandingbandybandylitebankbank erosionbank gravelbank run gravelbank sidebanketbaotitebarbar theorybarbbarbed drainage barbieritebaric topography baricalcitebaritebariumbarium anorthitite barium feldspar barkbarkevikite barkhanbarltebarnbarolite barometric altimeter barotolerancy barranca barranco barrandite barremianbarren bedbarren layer barren of coal barren rock barren sand barrierbarrier reefbarrier spring barrowbarthite bartonianbarylitebarysilbarysilite baryspherebaryte barytocalcite barytocelestine barytocelestite basal complex basal conglomerate basal granule basal sandstonebasalt eclogite transformation basalticbasaltic andesitebasaltic augitebasaltic hornblende basaltic layerbasaltic magmabasaltic structurebasaltic substratumbasaltic tuffbasaltic wackebasanitebasanitoidbasebase centered latticebase desaturationbase exchangebase exchange capacity base flowbase levelbase level of erosionbase linebase of crude oilbase platebase runoffbase temperature basementbasement complex basement foldbasement nappebasic frontbasic rockbasic saltbasic xenolithbasicitybasificationbasinbasin methodbasin perimeterbasin shapebasitebasophilic plant basophilous vegetation bassanitebassetitebastbast fibrebastitebastiticbastnaesitebatholitebatholithbatholithic joint bathometer bathonianbathyal deposit bathyal facies bathyal zone bathymetrybatukitebatymetric chart baumhauerite bauxitebauxite deposit bavenitebaveno twinbaybay sediment bayldonitebayleyitebeach barrierbeach cuspbeach driftingbeach erosionbeach gravelbeach placerbeach ridge beachrockbead reactionbeakbearing capacity beatbechilitebecke line beckelite becquerelitebedbed loadbed moisturebed roughness bed succesionbed veinbeddedbedded vein beddingbedding fault bedding fissility bedding foliation bedding joint bedding thrust bedrockbeds pattern beegeritebeetle befanamite beheaded river beidellite bekinkinite belemnitesbell socket belonite belonospherite belt conveyor belted coastal plain bementitebenchbench mark bench mining bench placer bench stopingbendbending foldbending momentbending radiusbenioff zonebenitoitebenjaminitebent crystal monochromator benthonicbenthosbentonic organism bentonitebentonitic shale benzidinebenzoin oximeberauniteberesiteberesitization bergmannite bergschrundberingiteberkeliumbermbernissartian stage berthieritebertrand lensbertranditeberylberylliumberylloniteberzelianiteberzeliitebeta quartzbeta ray detectorbetafitebeudantitebiaxial crystal bicarbonatebiconcavebiconvexbifidbifoliatebifurcationbifurcation ratiobightbilateral symmetrybillbillietitebillitonitebilocularbiloculatebimetasomatismbin gatebindheimitebinding coalbinding forcebinding materialbinocularbinomial nomenclature bioaccumulated limestone biocenologybiochemical coalification biochemical degradation biochemical evolution biochemical oxygen demand biochemical sedimentary deposit biochemistrybiochronbiochronologybioclastbioclastic rockbiocoenosebiocoenosisbiocolloidbiodegradationbiofaciesbiogenesisbiogenetic lawbiogenetic rockbiogenic elementbiogenic rockbiogeochemical prospecting biogeochemistrybiogeocoenosisbiogeographic region biogeographybiohermbiohistorybiohorizonbiolithbiologic effects of geothermal activity biological evolutionbiological oxidationbiological speciesbiomebioplasmbiospeleologybiospherebiostratigraphybiostratonomybiostromebiosurfacebiotabiotic environmentbiotic factorbiotic habitatbiotic successionbiotitebiotite andesitebiotitizationbiotopebiozonebipedbipetalousbipyramidbirch forestbird foot deltabirdsbird's eye coalbirefringencebisbeeitebischofitebiserratebishopitebismalithbismitebismuthbismuth glancebismuth ochre bismuthinitebismuthite bismutospherite bismutotantalite bisphenoidbitbit pressurebit weightbitetragonal prismbitumenbituminizationbituminous coal bituminous shale bitummen ratiobixbyiteblack alkali soilblack band iron carbonate ore black cobaltblack copperblack cotton soilblack diamondblack earthblack iron oreblack jackblack jurablack leadblack manganeseblack metalblack mudblack ore depositblack sandblack soilblanket veinblast furnaceblastholeblasthole drillingblasticblastingblasting cap blastogranitic texture blastoids blastomylonite blastophitic blastophitic structure blastoporphyric blastoporphyritic leptite blastoporphyritic structure blastopsammitic structure blastopsephitic blastopsephitic structure bleached layer bleached sandbleached zone bleachingblind depositblind faultblind jointblind ore bodyblind shaftblind valleyblind zoneblinded unconformity blockblock and tackleblock cavingblock diagramblock faultingblock fieldblock foldingblock foldsblock lavablock streamblock structure block upwarping bloediteblowautblowholeblowingblowpipe analysis blue green algae blue mudblue ooze blueprint blueschist belt blythitebobierritebody cavitybody centered lattice body force boehmitebogbog formationbog iron orebog peatbog soilboggy soil bogheadboghead coal boiling linebol meterboleboleitebolsonbombbonanzabond anglebond energybond lengthbond properties bond strengthbond typesbonebone bedbone blackbone coalboneletbook structure boothiteboraciteboraxborder furrowbore holebore mudbore pitborealborehole bottom borehole gravimetry borehole inspection borehole resistivimeter borehole strainmeter borerboringboring animalboring barboring bitboring headboring machine boring method boring mudboring pumpboring rodboring rod setboring ropeboring stickboring tubeboring with line boringsborniteborolaniteboron boronatrocalcitebossbostonitebotanybotryoidalbotryoidal structure botryolitebotryose inflorescence botrysbottombottom currentbottom dwellerbottom holebottom hole thermometer bottom landbottom materialbottom morainebottom sampler bottomland meadow bottomset bed boudinageboudinage structure bouguer anomaly bouguer correction bouguer gravity anomaly bouguer reduction boulangeriteboulderboulder clayboulderybound energybound waterboundaryboundary conditions boundary layer boundary line boundary spring boundary surface bourdon gagebourne。

New words of the lessonone （text）geology[dʒi'ɔlədʒi] n. 地质学, （某地区的）地质情况volcano[vɔl'keinəu] volcanic n.火山lava['lɑ:və] n. 熔岩, 火山岩erupt[i'rʌpt] eruption v.爆发, 喷发earthquake['ə:θkweik] n. 地震crust[krʌst] n.地壳mineralogy[minə'rælədʒi] n.矿物学petrology[pi:'trɔlədʒi] n.岩石学Physical geology n. 动力地质学Historical geology n.历史地质学explore[iks'plɔ:] v.勘探Mineral resource n. 矿产资源coal[kəul] n.煤ore[ɔ:] n.矿石fossil['fɔsl] n.化石/adj.化石的reservoir['rezəvwɑ:] n.水库/储层quarry['kwɔri]n.古生物学stratigraphy[strə'tigrəfi] n.地层学paleogeography [peiliəudʒi'ɔgrəfi]n. 古地理学geological time地质时代continent['kɔntinənt] n.大陆ocean basin n.洋盆,大洋盆地ocean floor n.洋底solar['səulə] adj.太阳的lunar['lu:nə] adj.月亮的radioactive decay放射性衰变seismic ['saizmik] adj. 地震的thermal gradient温度梯度geothermal gradient 地温梯度Mohorovicic discontinuity莫霍面Alpine chain n.山链karst[kɑ:st] n.喀斯特magma ['mægmə]n. 岩浆New words of the lesson three （text）luster ['lʌstə(r)] n. 光泽hardness ['hɑ:dnis] n.硬度specific gravity n.比重odor ['əudə] n.气味magnetism ['mægnitizəm] n.磁性transparent [træns'perənt] adj.透明的diagnostic [daiəg'nɔstik] adj.诊断的, 特征的impurity [im'pjuəriti] n. 杂质,不纯streak [stri:k] n. 条痕rub [rʌb] rubbingn. 摩擦/相摩擦hand specimen 手标本unglazed['ʌn'gleizd]adj. 没有上釉的porcelain ['pɔ:slin] n.瓷器metallic [mi'tælik] adj.金属的vitreous ['vitriəs] adj.玻璃的resinous ['rezinəs] adj. 树脂的/松脂的pearly luster n.珍珠光泽silky luster n.丝绢光泽dull luster n.暗淡光泽,无光泽earthy luster n.土状光泽mohs scale of hardness 莫氏硬度表diaphaneity [diæfə'ni:iti]n. 透明度thin slice 薄片thin sectiontranslucent [træns'lu:sənt] adj. 半透明的opaque [əu'peik] adj.不透明的brittle ['britl] n.脆性shatter ['ʃætə] vt.粉碎crystal form n.晶形symmetry ['simitri] n.对称geometric [dʒiə'metrik] adj.几何学的cleavage ['kli:vidʒ] n. 解理plane of weakness 软弱面orientation [ɔ:rien'teiʃən] n.定向fracture ['fræktʃə] n.断口conchoidal [kɔŋ'kɔidl] adj. 贝壳状的uneven ['ʌn'i:vən] adj.参差状的kaolinite ['keiəlinait] n. 高岭石heft [heft] n.重量apatite ['æpətait]n. 磷灰石olivine [ɔli'vi:n] n. 橄榄石fluorite ['fluərait] n.荧石magnetite ['mægnitait]n. 磁铁矿garnet ['gɑ:nit] n. 石榴石nepheline['nefəlin] n. 霞石biotite ['baiətait]n. 黑云母pyrite ['pairait] n.黄铁矿chlorite ['klɔ:rait] n. 绿泥石opal ['əupəl] n. 蛋白石nonhomogeneous ['nɔnhɔmə'dʒi:njəs]adj.非均质的scapolite ['skæpəlait] n. 方柱石spinel [spi'nel] n. 尖晶石leucite ['lu:sait] n. 白榴石hematite ['hemətait] n.赤铁矿gypsum ['dʒipsəm] n.石膏Chalcopyrite [kælkə'pairait] n. 黄铜矿chromite ['krəumait] n. 铬铁矿allomorph ['æləmɔ:f] n. 同质多像chalcedony [kæl'sedəni] n.玉髓orthoclase ['ɔ:θəkleis] n. 正长石microcline ['maikrəklain] n. 微斜长石barite ['bɛərait] n. 重晶石graphite ['græfait] n. 石墨analcite [ə'nælsait]n. 方沸石cristobalite [kris'təubəlait]n. 方英石corundum [kə'rʌndəm] n. 刚玉scheelite ['ʃi:lait] n. 白钨矿cassiterite [kə'sitərait] n. 锡石borax ['bɔ:ræks] n.硼砂mica ['maikə] n. 云母feldspar ['feldspɑ:] n. 长石hornblende ['hɔ:nblend] n. 角闪石albite ['ælbait]n. 钠长石triclinic [trai'klinik] adj. 三斜晶系的phenocryst ['fi:nəkrist] n. 斑晶relief [ri'li:f] n.突起balsam ['bɔ:lsəm] n. 树胶birefringence [bairi'frindʒəns] n. 双折射Polysynthetic[pɔlisin'θetik]n. 聚片双晶作用albite law n.钠长石律Carlsbad law 卡尔斯巴德律pericline law ['perəklain] 肖纳长石律rhombic section n. 菱切面interference figure干涉图biaxial positive n.二轴正光性axial anglen. 光轴角2Vdispersion [dis'pə:ʃən] n. 色散plagioclase ['pleidʒiəkleis] n. 斜长石index of refraction [ri'frækʃən] n. 折射率extinction angle n.消光角furnish ['fə:niʃ] vt. 提供occurrence [ə'kʌrəns] n.产状tectonite ['tektənait]n. 构造岩nesosilicate [ni:səu‘siləkeit]岛状硅酸盐octahedron [ɔktə‘hi:drən] n.八面体prism ['prizəm] n. 棱柱sill [sil] n. 岩床New words of the lesson three （text）mutual ['mju:tʃuəl] adj.共同的, 相互的consecutive [kən'sekjutiv] adj.连续的,连贯的quartzite ['kwɔ:tsait] n.石英岩granularity [grænju'læriti] n. 粒度texture ['tekstʃə] n. 结构sorting ['sɔ:tiŋ] n. 分选induration [indju'reiʃən] n. 固结作用cementation [si:men'teiʃən] n.胶结作用weathered surfacen. 风化面rock unit n. 岩石单元cross bedding n.交错层理peculiarity [pikju:li'æriti] n. 特性lithology [li'θɔlədʒi] n.岩性学hydrothermal [haidrə'θə:məl] adj.热液的, 热水的alteration [ɔ:ltə'reiʃən] n. 蚀变mineralization [minərəlɑi'zeiʃən]n. 矿化作用, 成矿作用strike [straik] n. 走向group [gru:p] n.群jointing ['dʒɔintiŋ]n. 节理flow banding n. 流动条带molten ['məultən] adj. 熔化的sedimentary [sedi'mentəri] adj.沉积的metamorphic [metə'mɔ:fik] adj. 变质的igneous ['igniəs] adj. 火成的gneiss [nais] n.片麻岩marble ['mɑ:bl] n.大理石basalt [bə'sɔ:lt] n.玄武岩fragment ['frægmənt] n.碎片peridotite [peri'dəutait] n.橄榄岩glassy ['glæsi]adj. 玻璃质的pebble ['pebl] n. 鹅卵石diabasic [daiə'beisik]adj. 辉绿岩的andesitic ['ændizitik] adj. 安山岩的intersertal [intə'sə:tl]斑状晶间的/间片biogenetic n. 生物成因的bedding plane n.层面palimpsest structure ['pælimpsest]n. 变余构造fluidal structure n.流纹构造clastic [klæstik] adj. 碎屑的cataclastic texture[kætə'klæstik]n.碎裂结构metasomatic [metəsəu'mætik]adj. 交代的crystalloblastic n.变晶质的basic rock n.基性岩kimberlite ['kimbəlait] n. 金伯利岩diorite ['daiərait] n. 闪长岩conglomerate [kən'glɔmərit] n. 砾岩dolomite ['dɔləmait] n.白云石/白云岩evaporite [i'væpərait] n. 蒸发岩, 蒸发盐diabase ['daiəbeis] n. 辉绿岩breccia ['bretʃə] n.角砾岩loess ['ləuis] n. 黄土leptynite n.长英麻粒岩eclogite ['eklədʒait]n. 榴辉岩petrogenesis [petrə'dʒenisis] n. 岩石成因学cartography [kɑ:'tɔgrəfi] n. 制图学, petrography [pi:'trɔgrəfi] n.岩相学petrofabrics [petrə'fæbrik]n.岩组学chalk [tʃɔːk]n. 白垩marlstone ['mɑ:l,stəun] n. 泥灰岩turbidite ['tə:bidait]n. 浊流岩detrital [di'traitl]adj. 碎屑distal ['distəl]adj. 末梢的benthic organism['benθik]n. 底栖生物aeolian [i:'əuliən] adj. 风成的vertebrate ['və:tibreit]n. 脊椎动物limestone ['laimstəun] n. 灰岩carbonate ['kɑ:bəneit] n.碳酸盐aragonite [ə'rægənait] n. 文石phosphate ['fɔsfeit] n. 磷酸盐taranakite [tærə'nɑ:kait]磷钾铝石silicon dioxide ['silikən dai'ɔksaid] n. 二氧化硅cristobalite [kris'təubəlait]n. 方英石estuarine ['estjuə'rain] adj.入海的/河口的brackish ['brækiʃ]adj. 有盐味的, 咸的ferruginous [fe'ru:dʒinəs] adj. 铁的, 含铁的phosphorite ['fɔsfərait] n. 磷灰石, 磷矿Graded beddingn.递变层理/粒序层理turbidity current[tə:'biditi] ['kʌrənt]n. 浊流estuarine ['estjuə'rain] adj.入海的/河口的brackish ['brækiʃ] adj. 有盐味的, 咸的ferruginous [fe'ru:dʒinəs] adj. 铁的, 含铁的lime-bearingn. 含钙potash feldspar ['pɔtæʃ] n.钾长石alkali granite ['ælkəlai] n.碱性花岗岩peralkaline graniten.过碱性花岗岩rhyolite ['raiəlait] n.流纹岩granodiorite [grænəu'daiərait] n. 花岗闪长岩rhyodacite n.流纹英安岩tonalite ['təunəlait]n. 英云闪长岩dacite ['dæsait]n. 英安岩syenite ['saiənait] n. 正长岩trachyte ['treikait] n. 粗面岩monzonite ['mɔnzənait] n. 二长岩latite ['leitait]n. 安粗岩tristanite n.碱长粗安岩monzodiorite [mɔnzə'daiərait]二长闪长岩monzogabbro 二长辉长岩andesite ['ændizait] n.安山岩hawaiite 橄榄中长玄武岩trachy basaltn. 粗面玄武岩diorite ['daiərait] n. 闪长岩gabbro ['gæbrəu] n. 辉长岩basalt [bə'sɔ:lt] n.玄武岩ultramafic [ʌltrə'mæfik] adj. 超碱的, 超基性的nepheline ['nefəlin] n. 霞石phonolite ['fəunəlait] n. 响岩hawaiite 橄榄中长玄武岩trachy basaltn. 粗面玄武岩diorite ['daiərait] n. 闪长岩gabbro ['gæbrəu] n. 辉长岩basalt [bə'sɔ:lt] n.玄武岩ultramafic [ʌltrə'mæfik] adj. 超碱的, 超基性的nepheline ['nefəlin] n. 霞石phonolite ['fəunəlait] n. 响岩essexite ['esiksait]n.碱性辉长岩teschenite 沸绿岩theralite ['θiərəlait]霞斜岩tephrite ['tefrait]n. 碱玄岩plutonic [plu:'tɔnik] adj. 深成的nephelinite ['nefəlinait] n. 霞岩hypabyssal [hipə‘bisl] adj. 浅成的peridotite [peri'dəutait] n.橄榄岩New words of the lesson four （text）protista [prəu'tistə] n. 原生生物界naturalist ['nætʃərəlist] n. 博物学家planta n.植物界animalia [æni'meiliə]n. 动物界autotrophic [ɔ:təu'trɔfik]adj. 自养的heterotrophic [hetərə'trɔfik]adj. 异养的sedentary ['sednteri] adj. 固定不动的microorganism [maikrəu'ɔ:gənizəm] n.微生物chloroplast ['klɔ:rəplæst] n. 叶绿体organelle [ɔ:gə'nel] n.细胞器cytoplasm ['saitəplæzəm] n.细胞质chlorophyll ['klɔrəfil] n.叶绿素cilia ['siliə] n. 纤毛flagella [flə'dʒelə] n. 鞭毛flagellum的复数locomotion [ləukə‘məuʃən] n.运动fungi ['fʌŋgai] (fungus的复数)n. 真菌amoeba [ə'mi:bə] n. 变形虫clam [klæm] n.蛤morphological [mɔ:fə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 形态学的membrane ['membrein] n.薄膜nuclear membrane 核膜chromosome ['krəuməsəum] n. 染色体eucaryote [ju:'kæriəut] n. 真核细胞eucaryotic adj. 真核的procaryotic [prəukæri'ɔtik]adj. 原核的procaryote [prəu'kæriɔt] n. 原核生物monera [mə‘niərə]n. 原核生物nutrition [nju:'triʃən] n.营养ingest [in'dʒest] v. 摄取、吸收obligate heterotrophy专性异养obligate autotrophy专性自养seaweed ['si:wi:d] n. 海草, 海藻symbiosis [simbai'əusis] n.共生, 共栖symbiont ['simbaiɔnt] n. 共生体paleontologist [pæliɔn'tɔlədʒist]n. 古生物学家Precambrian [pri:'kæmbriən] n. 前寒武纪paleobiology [pæliəubai'ɔlədʒi]n. 古生物学paleobotany [peiliə'bɔtəni] n. 古植物学paleozoology [peiliəuzəu'ɔlədʒi] n. 古动物学paleoecology [pæliəui:'kɔlədʒi] n. 古生态学arthropoda [ɑ:'θrɔpədə]n. 节肢动物门trilobite ['trailəbait] n.三叶虫chordata ['kɔr'detə]n. 脊索动物类fusulina n.纺锤蜓属crustacea [krʌs'teiʃiə]n. 甲壳纲动物Protozoa [prəutə'zəuə] n. 原生动物, 单细胞动物schwagerina n.希瓦格蜓属bryophyta 苔癣植物门coelenterata [si'lentəreit] n. 腔肠动物tetracoralla n.四射珊瑚目porifera [pɔ:'rifərə] n. 海绵动物anthozoa [ænθə'zəuə]n. 珊瑚虫类brachiopoda n. 腕足动物门mollusca [mɔ'lʌskə] n. 软体动物门lamellibranchia 双壳类（瓣鳃类）pentameracea五房贝parrot ['pærət] n.鹦鹉螺ammonoidea 菊石亚纲ammonoid n. 菊石graptozoa 笔石纲sporozoa [spɔ:rə'zəuə]孢子虫类reptilia [rep'tiliə]n. 爬行动物dinosaur ['dainəsɔ:] n.恐龙conodont ['kəunədɔnt] n. 牙形刺, 牙形石spongia 海绵paleobotanic 古植物学的annelida [ə'nelidə]n. 环节动物门locust ['ləʊkəst]n. 蝗虫;洋槐,刺槐cephalopoda 头足纲leptophloeum 薄皮鳞木属stromatolite 叠层石paleoglaciology 古冰川学paleomagnetism [peiliəu'mægnitizəm]n. 古地磁学fumarole ['fju:mərəul] n. (火山的)喷气孔Martian ['mɑ:ʃiən] n. 火星人adj. 火星的amino acid [ə'mi:nə'æsid] n. 氨基酸Baltic ['bɔ:ltik] adj. 波罗的海的angiosperm [ændʒiəspə:m] n. 被子植物withdrawal [wið'drɔ:əl] n.撤退ontogeny [ɔn‘tɔdʒini] n.个体发生, 个体发生学embryologic [embri'ɔlədʒik](=bryological)胚胎学的amphibian [æm'fibiən]adj. 两栖的; n.两栖动物ancestor ['ænsistə] n.祖宗, 祖先的terrestrial [ti'restriəl] adj.陆地的, 陆相的New words of the lessonFive （text）areal geologic investigation n. 区域地质调查terminology [tə:mi'nɔlədʒi] n.术语stratigrapher [strə'tigrəfə]n. 地层学家sedimentation [sedimən'teiʃən] n.沉积作用sedimentary column 沉积柱stratal unit n. 地层单元fold [fəʊld]n. 褶皱fault [fɔ:lt] n. 断层strata ['streitə] n. 地层名词stratum的复数形式anticline ['æntiklain] n.背斜syncline ['siŋklain] n. 向斜deformation [di:fɔ:'meiʃən] n. 变形plastically 可塑性overturn [əuvə'tə:n] v.倒转overthrust ['əuvəθrʌst]n. 逆掩uplift [‘ʌplift] n. 隆起dome [dəum] n.穹窿block [blɒk]n. 断块, 岩块normal fault 正断层reverse fault逆断层displacement [dis'pleismənt] n. 移动, 位移downdropped block n.下落断块,下降盘fault plane n. 断层面fault breccia n. 断层角砾岩slicken-side n. 擦痕面nappe [næp] n. 推覆体paleostructure n. 古构造orogenesis [ɔ:rəu'dʒenəsis]n. 造山(运动) terrain ['terein] n.地带, 地形crest plane 脊面limb of fold 褶皱翼apex of fold 褶皱顶点axial surface n.轴面vertex ['və:teks] n. 顶点, 最高点plunge crown倾伏端rising end of syncline向斜仰起端hinge zone枢纽带trough of fold褶曲槽synform ['sinfɔ:m]n.向形,向斜式构造fault effect 断层作用thrust fault 逆冲断层strike-slip fault 走滑断层foliation [fəuli'eiʃən] n. 面理cleavage ['kli:vidʒ]劈理schistosity [ʃis'tɔsiti]n. 片理gneissic schistosity 片麻理flow cleavage 流劈理fracture cleavage破劈理crenulation cleavage折劈理joint [dʒɔɪnt]n. 节理tension joint 张节理shear joint 剪节理compression joint n.挤压节理diagonal joint 斜节理cross joint n. 横节理,交错节理longitudinal joint 纵节理geosyncline [dʒi:əu'sinklain] n. 地槽geotectonic element 大地构造单元plate tectonic板块构造transform fault 转换断层suture line n.缝合带consume zone 消失带collision zone 碰撞带mid-oceanic ridge 大洋中脊faultblock断块polycycle 多旋回Tethys [‘ti:θis] 古地中海, 特提斯海nonconformity n. 不整合disconformity [diskən'fə:miti] n. 平行不整合、假整合angular unconformity 角度不整合oxidation [ɔksi'deiʃən] n.氧化lateritization [lætəritai'zeiʃən]n. 红土化作用granulometric [grænjulə'metrik]adj. 颗粒的uniformitarianism [ju:nifɔ:mi'tɛəriənizəm] n.均变说stretched pebble 伸长卵石drag fold 拖曳/牵引褶皱crustal shortening地壳缩短meteoric shower 流星雨solar tide 太阳潮laterite ['lætərait] n. 红土inclination [inkli'neiʃən] n.倾向, 斜坡, 倾斜度rock slab n.光面boudinage 香肠构造hercynian [hə:'siniən]adj. 海西的n.海西fold belt 褶皱带Ouachita ['wɔʃitɔ:]沃希托山脉[美国中南部]Alleghenian orogeny 阿莱干尼造山运动Appalachian n. 阿帕拉契山脉Mauritanides 西非活动带Caledonian [kæli'dəuniən]adj. /n. 古苏格兰人, 苏格兰人Caledonian [kæli'dəuniən]adj. /n. 加里东Caledonian cycle加里东旋回Caledonian fold加里东褶皱Uralides 乌拉尔（山脉）deposit [di'pɔzit] vt.沉淀, 堆积vt.沉积n. depositionNew words of the lessonSix （text）geochemistry [dʒi:əu'kemistri] n.地球化学epigenesis [epi'dʒenəsis] n.表生作用、后生作用supergene ['sju:pədʒi:n] adj. 浅成的hypogene ['hipədʒi:n] adj. 深成的diagenesis [daiə'dʒenisis] n. 成岩作用magmatism n. 岩浆作用secondary dispersion halos次生分散晕geochemical investigationn.地球化学调查/化探exogene n.外生impregnation [impreg'neiʃən] n.浸染deposit [di'pɔzit] n.矿床sulfur ['sʌlfə] n.硫化物uranium [juə'reiniəm] n. 铀ground water n. 地下水alteration [ɔ:ltə'reiʃən] n. 蚀变aqueous ['eikwiəs] adj. 水的, 水成的aeolian [i:'əuliən] adj. 风成的gravitational ['grævə'teiʃənəl] adj.重力的isotope ['aisətəup] n.同位素gemology [dʒe'mɔlədʒi] n. 宝石学crystallography [kristə'lɔgrəfi] n.结晶学,晶体学isotope geology 同位素地质学shell rule 壳层规则polymorphism [pɔli'mɔ:fizəm] n.多形性isomorphism [aisəu'mɔ:fizəm] n. 类质同像atmophile element亲气元素siderophile element亲铁元素lithophile ['liθəʊfail]n. 亲石元素biophile elements亲生元素uraninite ['jurəninait] n. 沥青铀矿(天然氧化铀)galena [gə'li:nə] n.方铅矿bornite n. 斑铜矿sphalerite ['sfælərait] n. 闪锌矿carbonado [kɑ:bə'neidəu] n.黑金刚石chromium ['krəumiəm] n.铬molybdenum [mə'libdinəm] n. 钼lognormal ['lɔg'nɔ:məl] adj. 对数正态的trace element n. 痕量元素, 微量元素iron ['aiən] n. 铁magnesium ['mæg'ni: ziəm] n. 镁nickel ['nikl] n.镍cobalt [kəu'bɔ:lt] n.钴bedrock ['bed'rɔk] n.岩床/基岩polar ['pəulə] adj.两极的/极地lithify ['liθifai]v. 石化/岩化silicify [si'lisifai] v. 硅酸化/硅化fossil soilpaleosol ['pæliəsɔl]n.古土壤outweigh v. 比...更重要clay [klei] n.黏土silt [silt] n.粉砂salt bed 盐层emanation [emə'neiʃən] n.散发物, 发出物potassium [pə'tæsiəm] n. 钾phosphorus ['fɔsfərəs] n. 磷sodium ['səudiəm] n.钠chlorine ['klɔ:ri:n] n. 氯transport [træns'pɔ:t] n.运输、搬运tin [tin] n.锡platinum ['plætinəm] n.白金, 铂swamp [swɔmp] n.沼泽tundra n. 苔原, 冻土地带taiga ['taigə] n.针叶树林地带emanation [emə'neiʃən] n.散发物, 发出物sodium ['səudiəm] n.钠chlorine ['klɔ:ri:n] n. 氯tin [tin] n.锡platinum ['plætinəm] n.白金, 铂。

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秤磁赤铁矿磁畴刺穿刺穿现象刺穿褶皱磁导磁导计磁导率次等宝石磁动势磁放大器磁方位磁感应磁化力磁化率磁化率测井磁化逆转磁化强度磁化线磁化学雌黄磁黄铁矿磁极磁极化磁极性磁矩磁力差磁力蛤异性磁力勘探磁力线磁量子数次磷钙铁矿磁流磁漏次绿泥石疵麦特炸药磁偶极子磁偏角磁偏转磁铅矿磁铅铁矿磁倾角雌蕊次深海沉积次生重结晶次生地槽次生富集次生富集带次生构造次生化石次生结核次生孔隙率次生矿次生矿床次生矿物次生木质部次生喷气孔次生劈理次生群落次生热液矿床次生演替次生氧化矿次生优地槽瓷石次石墨次碳酸镁铁矿磁体磁铁次铁钒矿磁铁尖晶辉岩磁铁矿磁通量磁头次透辉石瓷土磁位磁稳定性磁吸引磁心存储器磁性地层学磁性分析磁性合金磁性化石磁性砂次序磁选次旋回磁选矿磁针磁滞磁致伸缩磁轴刺状的磁子午线磁自旋量子数磁阻磁阻尼葱绿脆云母葱绿玉髓从属褶皱粗白榴岩粗斑的粗斑状的粗糙度粗糙度系数粗腐殖质粗骨土促进酌粗晶的粗粒度粗粒结构粗粒砂岩粗粒正长岩。