Psychologyandmarketing营销心理学
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1、心理学是研究人的心理现象和规律的一门科学简称心理2、营销心理学是以营销过程中普遍存在的各种心理活动和心理现象作为本学科的研究对象3、研究内容1营销者心理研究2消费者的一半心理研究3消费者的购买心理研究4网络营销心理研究4、方法(实验法)实验室实验法自然实验法(观察法)(调查法)投射法5、感觉:是指人脑对直接作用于感觉器官的外界事物的个别属性的反应,是人的心理活动发展的开始,也是认识过程的开端6、知觉:是指人脑对直接作用于感觉器官的外界事物的各个部分和各种属性的整体反应。
是人脑对感觉提供的外界某一事物的材料进行主动加工的结果7、记忆是指人脑对经历过的事物的反映,是人脑在感知过程中所形成的有关事物的映像,在人脑中保持一定时间,并能回忆起来的心理过程8、记忆的过程识记保持回忆认知9、注意是人的心理活动对外界事物一定的指向与集中。
分为无意注意和有意注意10、注意的功能:选择功能保持功能监督和调节功能1、商品价格与营销心理:商品价格的功能:标度功能调节功能信息功能2、价格对消费者心理的映像:习惯心理敏感心理倾向心理感受心理3、价格判断的途径:1与市场上同类商品的价格进行比较2于同一售货区中的不同商品价格进行比较3通过商品外观,品牌产地包装使用特点,使用说明的比较4通过消费者自身的感受来判断4、影响价格的主要因素:1消费者的经济状况2:消费者的价格心理3产地和出售场地4商品的类别5消费者对商品需求的紧迫成都6购买时间5、价格制定的心理策略1撇脂定价策略高价2渗透定价策略低价3满意定价策略4理解价值定价法6、调低价格有什么反映:1消费者由“便宜没好货,好货不便宜的”等一系列联想而引起心理不安2购买便宜的低档货有损自尊心和满足感3害怕是老产品就会被淘汰企业肯恩也不再对老产品提供很好的售后服务4降价商品可能是国企商品,残次品库存品或抵挡品5可能还会降价等待新一轮的降价第二章顾客需要的特点驱动性竞争性周期性发展性需求层次论生理需要安全需要社交需要尊重需要自我实现需要双因素理论又称激励保健理论顾客消费需求的基本特征多样性发展性层次性时代性伸缩性联系性和替代性可诱导性季节性和时间性影响顾客消费需求的基本因素政治法律因素社会经济因素文化思想因素顾客兴趣的特征倾向性差别性稳定性效能型顾客兴趣对购买行为的影响1.有助于顾客为未来的购买活动做准备2.有利于促进顾客的购买行为3.可以刺激顾客对某种商品的长期使用购买动机的概念是直接驱使顾客实施某中购买活动的一种内部动力,反映了顾客在心理、精神和感情上的需求购买动机的特点迫切性内隐性可变性模糊性矛盾性决策的概念指人们在具有某种不确定性因素的情况下,为了达到某个目标,对几种可供选择的可能性方案进行比较、筛选,从而确定最佳方案的行为购买决策的概念顾客在购买活动前后,对商品进行选择,评价、判断,最后作出决定的一系列过程购买决策的主要内容原因目标方式地点时间频率逆反心理的概念人们彼此之间为了维护自尊而对双方的要求采取相反的态度和言行的一种心理状态购买决策过程确定需要寻求信息比较评价决定购买购后评价顾客购买行为分类习惯型理智型经济型从众型冲动型疑虑型想象型商圈,是指商店以其所在地点为中心,沿着一定的方向和距离扩展,吸引顾客的辐射范围,简单地说,也就是来店顾客所居住的区域范围。
营销心理学营销心理学是一门研究人类行为与消费行为之间相互关系的学科,主要关注的是人的心理和行为对于产品销售的影响。
营销心理学研究消费者为什么选择某种产品,如何使消费者对产品产生兴趣和信任,以及如何通过广告和宣传来提高销售额。
本文将介绍营销心理学的基本理论和应用,帮助企业了解消费者心理和行为,制定更有效的营销策略。
1. 消费者心理和行为理解消费者的心理和行为是营销心理学的核心,因为这直接关系到产品销售的成败。
消费者选择产品的原因是多方面的,包括个人需要、品牌声誉、价值观以及社会影响等。
因此,企业必须深入研究消费者的心理和行为,满足他们的需求,提供更好的产品和服务。
1.1 消费者需要消费者的需求包括基本生活需求和文化需求。
基本生活需求是指满足生理和心理需求的产品,如食品、住房、交通工具等。
文化需求是指消费者追求文化、精神和社交的需求,如旅游、艺术活动、社交场合等。
企业必须研究消费者的需求,并提供符合消费者需求的产品和服务,才能获得消费者的认可和信任。
1.2 品牌声誉品牌声誉是消费者选择产品的重要因素之一,消费者会根据产品质量、服务和信誉来选择品牌。
一个好的品牌声誉可以让消费者产生信任和忠诚度,从而提高销售额。
企业必须保护品牌声誉,提供优质的产品和服务,并积极回应消费者反馈,维护品牌的声誉和形象。
1.3 价值观消费者的价值观是指消费者的人生观、世界观和道德观等,这会影响到消费者选择产品的决策。
企业必须深入了解消费者的价值观,将自己的品牌和产品与消费者的价值观联系起来,并传递积极的信息和理念,以吸引消费者选择自己的产品。
1.4 社会影响社会影响是指消费者的家庭、朋友和其他社会因素对其消费决策的影响。
消费者会受到周围环境的影响,从而选择不同的产品和品牌。
企业必须考虑到社会影响因素,积极与消费者建立良好的关系,提供个性化的服务和体验,从而提高消费者的忠诚度和满意度。
2. 营销心理学的基本理论营销心理学的理论基础包括认知心理学、社会心理学、行为决策理论和情绪理论等。
心理学在市场营销策划中的应用市场营销是指企业通过各种营销手段,将产品或服务推向市场并实现销售的过程。
而心理学则是研究人的思维、情感和行为的科学。
心理学的应用不仅限于心理咨询和医治,它也在市场营销策划中发挥着重要的作用。
本文将探讨心理学在市场营销策划中的应用。
一、顾客行为分析顾客行为分析是市场营销策划的重要环节,它能帮助企业了解顾客的需求和行为模式,从而有针对性地制定营销策略。
心理学通过研究顾客的心理活动,揭示了人们购买商品的动机和决策过程。
企业可以运用心理学的相关原理,深入了解顾客的购买动机和偏好,从而设计出更有效的市场营销策略。
二、品牌塑造品牌是企业在市场竞争中的重要资产,它不仅仅是产品或服务的一种符号,更是与消费者之间建立情感联系的纽带。
心理学的一些原理可以被用于品牌塑造上。
比如,通过情感营销手法,企业可以将产品或服务与积极的情感联系起来,从而提升顾客对品牌的忠诚度;通过色彩心理学,企业可以选择适合自己品牌形象的颜色,以塑造独特的品牌形象。
三、广告设计广告是市场营销策划中最常见的手段之一。
心理学在广告设计中起着重要的指导作用。
比如,心理学中的注意力原理可以帮助设计师将关键信息置于广告中最引人注目的位置,从而提高广告的有效性;心理学的认知原理可以帮助设计师选取易于理解和记忆的图形和文字,增强广告的吸引力和可信度。
四、促销策略促销是一种通过促使顾客采取行动来实现销售目标的市场营销手段。
心理学的一些原理可以帮助企业设计出更具吸引力的促销策略。
比如,心理学中的奖励原理可以通过赠品、折扣等方式吸引顾客;心理学的群体影响原理可以通过利用社会认同感和团体行为来推动顾客采取行动。
五、在线营销随着互联网和社交媒体的发展,在线营销越来越受重视。
心理学在在线营销策划中同样扮演着重要角色。
比如,心理学中的社会认同原理可以帮助企业构建积极的品牌形象、增强顾客对品牌的认同感;心理学的信息加工原理可以帮助企业优化网页设计、提高用户体验。
营销心理学的定义
营销心理学(Marketing Psychology)——是专门研究营销活动中卖方和买方的心理现象产生、发展的一般规律,以及买卖双方心理沟通的一般过程的科学。
它是自然科学与社会科学相互渗透而形成的一门边缘科学。
营销心理学不满足于对顾客需求的了解,更强调与顾客沟通、互动,真正进入顾客的内心世界,使营销创意(产品策略创意、品牌创意、广告宣传创意、企业形象创意等)真正能与顾客达到心灵的共鸣。
营销心理学推崇的经营者与客户最健康的关系,是“将心比心”的互动关系,就好像恋人一样,由前者追求后者。
这就要求营销人员应当费尽心思,努力倾听客户的心声,而且还要领悟他们在购买行为中的感受。
很多时候,知道客户如何感受,比了解客户亲口说出的购买理由更为重要。
营销心理学(Marketing Psychology)First, face psychologyChinese consumers have a strong face complex. Under the driving force of face psychology, Chinese people will consume more or even more than their purchase or payment capacity. Marketers can take advantage of this consumer mentality to find markets, get premiums, and reach sales.Melatonin is the use of our gifts in the face of psychological, in the city and even the vast rural market found; then TCL with a jewel in the mobile phone, get a space for one person in the high-end mobile phone market, in order to obtain the premium income; the terminal sales clerk, to praise the consumer through the unique perspective, and how the product with the consumer to match, so that consumers feel a face, so as to achieve the sales.Two, herd mentalityConformity refers to the individual's ideas and behavior, which tends to coincide with the majority of people due to the guidance or pressure of the group. Consumers tend to follow a herd tendency in many purchasing decisions. For example, when shopping, many people like to shop; in the choice of brands, tend to those high market share of the brand; in the choice of tourist spots, bias hot cities and hot lines.Listed above is the external expression of herd mentality, in fact, we can also take the initiative to make use of people's herd mentality in practical work. For example: now thesupermarket clerk in the product display, deliberately left a vacancy, which gives the impression of the products sold; computer stores, the clerk said a price, often through a certain configuration today has already sold a lot of sets, prompting consumers to make marketing decision as soon as possible; in the SP industry, when pushed the bell advertising, often see the most popular ringtones recommend the most popular words, is currently the most love, this is in conformity with the consumer.Three, respect authorityThe psychology of consumer respect for authority, in the form of consumption, more than the emotional component of decision-making, far more than the rational component. This kind of respect for authority often leads the consumer to have no reason to choose the products which the authority consume, and then make the consumer object personification, so as to reach the best sale of the product.In reality, the use of authoritative psychology by consumers is more common. For example, the people respected celebrity or star, so a large number of businesses looking for celebrity endorsements, advertising; IT industry, software company in the success of the case, all love application of some well-known companies; Mr. Yu Shiwei has said in his car sales shop, once in a certain car as a national leader the car as a selling point, so that the car sales; the greater scope, many enterprises are expected to get the recognition of industry associations, or refer to a positive assessment of their leaders of experts and other industry enterprises and products.Four love is cheapMr. Liu Chunxiong said:". "Cheap" is not the same as "taking advantage of it". 50 yuan worth of things, 50 yuan to buy back, that is cheap; 100 yuan worth of things, 50 yuan to buy back, it is called cheap. Chinese people often say "cheap", in fact, the real cheap, almost nonexistent, are psychological feeling of cheap and fine.He went on to say: "not only do consumers want to be cheap, they also want" exclusive ", which gives businesses an opportunity. For example, Ms. shopping in the clothing market, consumers do not counter-offer, do not buy the threat, businesses often make "compromise": "just opened today, a map of Geely, according to the price to sell you."!" "This is the last one. I'll sell it to you at the clearance price."!" "It's time to get off work and sell you a dime."!" These words contain the following message: you are the only one who enjoys such a low price, so you are monopolized by yourself. Faced with this situation, consumers rarely fail to clinch a deal. In addition to exclusive, consumers do not want to buy cheap goods, but want to buy cheaper goods, which is the key difference between gift giving and price promotion.Four, regret afraidEvery man has a fear when he makes a decision. He is afraid of making a mistake, lest he spend the money wrong.According to Mr. Lu Taihong mentioned is the purchase after theconflict, the so-called post purchase conflict refers to consumers to buy after the emergence of doubt, anxiety, negative emotional regret not harmonious, and cause of discontent.Usually expensive consumer durable goods caused by the purchase after the conflict will be more serious, for the United States to the consumer psychology, say: "to buy appliances, Gome, money do not regret it," and as Gome store sales. Furthermore, in the sales process, you should constantly present the proof to the customer so that he can trust you one hundred percent. At the same time, you have to ask yourself often, what should I do to give the customer a one hundred percent sense of security when the customer is buying my products and services?Five, psychological priceAny kind of product has a "psychological price", higher than the "psychological price" is beyond the majority of the user's budget range, lower than the "psychological price" will allow users to question the quality of products. Therefore, understanding the psychological price of the consumer helps the market staff to set the right price for the product and helps the sales staff to reach the sale of the product.In the IT industry, whether it is software or hardware equipment sales, if you know that your price is higher than the lower limit of the customer's psychological price, then the following key work is pulled up the customer's psychological price, but need to moderate increase your price; the psychological price in the terminal sales performance is more obvious, with sales ofclothing example, if consumers after a bargain, if the price is still higher than the psychological price, may ultimately not deal, and even consumers in the initial inquiry price, if the price is much higher than its psychological price, will don't watch away.Six, show off psychologyConsumer show off psychology, in consumer goods, more than the performance of products to consumers of psychological components, far more than the practical ingredients. It is this show in psychology, China is not wealthy circumstances, create a high-end market, while the use of conspicuous in the domestic enterprises, the lack of core technology common situation, help to capture the market, which is in the fashion goods is obvious.But why do you say that? Ladies love handbags, and some very wealthy women tend to buy thousands of or even tens of thousands of world famous handbags in order to show off their strong paying power. At the same time, the domestic TCL mobile phone and Amoi, before the lack of core technology, in competition with NOKIA and MOTO. The disadvantage is not particularly obvious, the industrial design for mobile phone fashion appearance is not. Therefore, for consumers, showing off is more important than owning or looking.Seven, comparisons psychologicalConsumer psychology is based on the consumer's own class, identity and status of identity, so as to choose the class where the crowd as a reference and show consumer behavior. Comparedto show off psychology, consumer psychology is more concerned about "have" - you have, I also haveMP3, MP4, electronic dictionary best-selling, and can form a considerable market size, it should be said that consumers' psychology of competition to play a role in fueling. A lot of goods, in the eve of the purchase, linger in the minds of consumers, the most is, who has, I also want to buy. In the computer configuration, but also more students are out of the students have psychological, but also ask parents to buy computers for themselves. For marketers, we can make use of the consumer's psychology of comparison and make a sales comparison by focusing on the consumption of the reference group.Consumer psychology as a branch of marketing, we are not far away from the above, the eight consumer psychology is around us. At the same time, I would like to say that any theory can only form value by summing up the method, and then refining it into the ability to act. Many modern popular theories, such as EMBA management, have long been proposed by Chinese sages. The key to the gap lies in the fact that we did not sum up the theoretical system and refine the ability to act.。
营销心理学课程今日,在竞争激烈的商业环境中,无论是大型企业还是初创公司,都迫切需要了解和运用心理学原理来实现更有效的营销策略。
对于营销从业者而言,掌握营销心理学课程所教授的知识,将成为他们事半功倍的关键。
1. 认识营销心理学营销心理学是一门研究消费者行为和市场营销策略之间相互关系的学科。
在传统的市场营销模式下,企业主要关注产品或服务本身的特性和优势,而忽视了消费者内心深处的需求和动机。
通过学习营销心理学,我们可以更好地洞察消费者的心理,从而设计更加符合其需求的营销策略。
2. 消费者心理分析消费者的购买决策往往受到多种心理影响因素的共同作用,包括认知、情感、社会因素等。
通过分析消费者的心理特征和行为模式,营销人员可以更准确地把握消费者的需求和偏好,从而有针对性地制定营销策略。
3. 情感营销的力量情感营销是一种通过激发消费者情感和情绪来建立品牌忠诚度和情感链接的营销策略。
消费者在购买决策中往往受到情感因素的驱动,情感营销可以帮助企业建立与消费者之间更加深厚的关系,提高品牌忠诚度。
4. 心理定价策略心理定价是指通过调整价格策略来影响消费者购买决策的营销手段。
在心理学的视角下,人们对价格的认知和评估会受到多种心理因素的影响,如心理定价、比较定价等策略可以帮助企业更有效地定价产品,吸引消费者购买。
5. 消费者行为预测通过分析消费者的行为和心理特征,可以预测其未来的购买倾向和消费行为。
借助数据分析和市场调研,营销人员可以更准确地预测消费者的行为,为企业制定更加精准的营销策略提供参考。
在当今快速发展的商业环境下,营销人员需要不断学习和掌握最新的营销技术和知识,以应对市场的变化和挑战。
通过学习营销心理学课程,他们可以更全面地了解消费者的心理需求和行为特征,从而更加有效地制定营销策略,提升企业的市场竞争力。
营销心理学课程不仅仅是一门理论性的学科,更是一门实用性很强的学习课程。
希望每一位营销人员都能认识到营销心理学的重要性,不断提升自身的学习能力和实践能力,成为企业发展中不可或缺的重要力量。
消费心理学类书籍1.《影响力:无形的力量》(Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion) -罗伯特·西奥迪尼(Robert Cialdini)这本经典的消费心理学著作探讨了人们在做出决策时可能会受到的六种影响力,包括社会认同、权威性和稀缺性等。
它揭示了人们容易受到哪些策略和技巧的影响,从而为营销人员和消费者提供了有益的见解。
2.《预测行为:我们如何影响其他人》(Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions) -丹·阿里·阿里(Dan Ariely)这本书揭示了我们在做出决策时常常受到非理性的影响,并提供了关于消费者行为和市场营销的有趣洞察力。
作者通过实验和案例研究揭示了我们常常会做出看似不合理的选择,并解释了背后的心理原因。
3.《习惯的力量:为什么我们做出决策并形成习惯》(The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business) -查尔斯·杜希格(Charles Duhigg)这本书探讨了习惯如何影响我们的行为,并介绍了如何改变和养成新的习惯。
它提供了关于习惯形成和改变的科学原理,以及如何应用这些原理来影响消费者行为。
4.《消费行为学》(Consumer Behavior) -麦克·索洛蒙(Michael R. Solomon)这本教科书提供了关于消费者行为的全面介绍,包括心理学、社会学和文化因素对消费者决策的影响。
它涵盖了从消费者认知到市场营销策略的各个方面,并提供了实际案例和应用。
5.《购物心理学》(The Psychology of Shopping) -达夫·路德(David M. Lewis)这本书研究了购物行为的心理学背后的原因,包括视觉营销、品牌感知和购物环境对消费者的影响。