词义的引申
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词义的引申
词义的引申
一．词义具体化
就是把原文中的某些比较抽象和笼统的词在译文中引申为意义比较具体和明确的词。例如：
1.The major problem in manufacture is the control of
contamination
and foreign materials.制造过程中的主要问题是控制污染和杂质。
2.At the age of 16, he had already learned what it was to an
orphan.16
岁的时候，他就已经品尝到了孤儿的滋味。
3.If the lift were greater, the plane would go higher and
higher.
如果升力比较大，飞机就会越飞越高。
4.Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard
enough
for some uses.就某些用途来说，铜的惟一缺点也许就是硬度不够。
5.The government published an order for derequisition of
transportation.政府颁布了一道命令，发放原先被征用的车辆。
6.The actress was quite a phenomenon in show business
circles.这
位女演员堪称是演艺界的杰出人才。
7.The Sphinx is a must for most foreign visitors to Egypt.对于绝
大多数去埃及游览的外国游客来说，狮身人面像是必不可少的游览项目。
8.It is a hard nut to crack.这事挺难办的。
9.You are really casting pearls before swine.你真是说话不看对象。 10.A man’s hat in hand never did him any harm.对人恭敬，于己无害。
11.He is a lazy dog.他是个懒汉。
12.If a person falls into a groove, he always acts, behaves and
thinks
in the same way.假如一个人养成了一种习惯，他的动作、举止和思想
永远都是一个方式。
13.The girl student does credit to her university.这个女生为她所在
的大学增了光。
14.The boss always boasts that he has money to burn.那个老板总是吹
嘘自己钱多得花不完。
15.It is hard to get along with a man who blows hot and cold.同反
复无常的人在一起是很难相处的。
二．词义的抽象化
就是把原文中的某些意义比较具体和形象的词在译文中引申为意义比较抽象和一般的词。例如：
1.Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活中都有甜和苦。
2.Rocks made under water tell another story.水下形成的岩石说明了
另一个问题。
3.He is a rolling stone.他是个见异思迁的人。
4.The invention of machinery had brought into the world a
new
era----the Industrial Age. Money had become king.机器的发明使世 界进入了一个新纪元——工业时代，金钱成了主宰一切的权威。
5.The delegation is composed of people from a wide
spectrum of
professions.这个代表团是由各种不同职业的成员组成的。
6.There are three steps which must be taken before we
graduate from
the integrated circuit technology.我们要完全掌握集成电路工艺，
还必须经过三个阶段。
7.I have no head for mathematics.我没有数学方面的天赋。
8.Your dejection will do harm to your health.你的沮丧情绪有损于你
的身体健康。
9.He always seeks help at the last moment.他总是临时抱佛脚。
10.Don’t dispute over trifles.别老是为鸡毛蒜皮的事而争吵。
11.The enemy officer was scared out of his wits when he
heard the news.
敌军官听到这个消息后，吓得魂不附体。
12.The scandal sent him into total ruination.这个丑闻使他落入了身
败名裂的地步。
13.Fatty’s Restaurant had become an institution in his life.去“胖
子”餐馆用餐，已经成了他生活中雷打不动的规矩。
14.Walt is as good as his word.沃尔特向来说话算数。
三．词义的扩展
1.It was a paying proposition.那是一件有利可图的事。
2.This would lead to a countdown in Yugoslavia.这将导致南斯拉夫出
现十分危急的情况。
3.The fallout from Watergate would influence both parties.“水门”
事件的不良后果将使两党都受到影响。
4.His oratorical efforts evoked no feedback in his audience.他的
雄辩在听众中没有引起反应。
5.If you don’t dress neatly, you won’t get to first base
when you
look for a job.当你找工作的时候，假如衣着不整，那你将无法取得成
功的开端。
四. 词义的缩小
1.“Clean room” increasingly becomes shop talk.“绝对无尘室”正日
益成为行话。
2.The merchant was fond of liquor.这位商人喜欢喝酒。
3.No significant space is to be ferreted out during the
recovery phase
of the mission.在整个飞行使命的回收阶段，已经捞不到任何有价值的
空间技术秘密了。
4.The astronauts rode an Apollo spacecraft into orbit today,
rendezvoused with the crippled Skylab space station.今天，宇航员们乘坐着“阿波罗”飞船进入了轨道，与作用失灵的“太空实验室”空间
站会合。
5.New TV sets featuring the instant reply screen have come
into the
market.附有即时放像屏幕的新型电视机已经上市了。
****************************************************************** 词义引申的练习： 1.Other things being equal, iron heats up faster than
aluminum.其
它条件相同时，铁比铝热得快。
2.When we speak, sound waves begin to travel and go in all
directions.
我们说话时，声波就开始传播，并向四面八方扩散。
3.Such particles are far too tiny to be seen with the strongest
microscope.这种粒子实在太小，即使用最高倍的显微镜也看不出来。4.经理每天都要处理许多棘手的问题。The manager has many
hot potatoes
to handle every day.
5.这个人决不会公开认错。The man will never stand in a white
sheet.
6.我知道你现在是进退两难。I know you are in a dilemma.
7.These vacuum tubes do not know this disadvantage.这些真空管不存
在这种缺点。
8.Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon.钢和铸铁的含碳量也不相
同。
9.The matter was finally settled under the table.事情终于私下了解
了。
10.Please don’t wake a sleeping dog.请不要惹是生非。
11.这个消息让我出了一身冷汗。I was extremely terrified by
the news.
12.科学上的发现和发明常常很快就会转变成实用器件。Scientific
discoveries and inventions have often been translated
rapidly into practical devices.
13.申请者把办公室挤得满满。Applicants flood the office.
