比较级和最高级

16.1 真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。

句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形例：If he comes, he will bring his violin.注意：1) 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2) 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式16.2 非真实条件句1 现在事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句主句一般过去时（be动词用were）would (should, could , might ) +动词原形If they were here, they would help you.3. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句主句过去完成时(had+动词过去分词)would (, could should, might) have+ 过去分词If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.3表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句主句一般过去时were to+动词原形would （should could , might）+ 动词原形should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all rig一. 定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

英语比较级和最高级的用法归纳一、比较级（Comparative Degree）1. 表示两者之间的比较：在形容词或副词前加-er，或在形容词前加more。

例如：taller, faster, more beautiful2. 不规则变化：部分形容词和副词的比较级是不规则的，需要记忆。

例如：good - better, bad - worse, far - farther/further, late - later3. 比较级前的修饰语：当比较级前有修饰语时，可以使用much, a lot, a little, a bit等词语来表示程度。

例如：much better, a little faster4. 表示倍数的比较：使用倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as。

例如：three times as fast as5. 表示两者以上之间的比较：使用the + 最高级。

例如：the tallest, the fastest二、最高级（Superlative Degree）1. 表示三者或三者以上之间的比较：在形容词或副词前加-est，或在形容词前加most。

例如：tallest, fastest, most beautiful2. 不规则变化：部分形容词和副词的最高级是不规则的，需要记忆。

例如：good - best, bad - worst, far - farthest/furthest, late - latest3. 最高级前的修饰语：当最高级前有修饰语时，可以使用by far, almost, nearly等词语来表示程度。

例如：by far the best, almost the worst4. 表示倍数的最高级：使用倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as。

例如：three times as fast as the fastest5. 表示所有事物中的最高程度：使用on earth, in the world等词语。

比较级和最高级形容词和副词比较级、最高级1.（书P93）规则形式：一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er/-est来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more/most，如：great-greater-greatest,busy-busier-busiest,important-moreimportant-(the)most important 不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式原级good / well比较级better最高级XXXmost原级比较级最高级worstleastbad / badly/ illworseXXXXXX*以后缀-ly结尾的副词是在原形前加more/ most，如：quickly →XXX →most quickly1.形容词比较等级的用法：1)表示两者的比较：形容词的比较级+than.如：XXX)表示两者以上的比较：the +形容词最高级（+名词）+of /in…如：He is the cleverest boy in his class.3)表示两者是同等程度：as +形容词原级+as.如：He is as tall as I.2.比力级句型：1)Who / Which + be +比较级。

A or B。

如：Which is more beautiful。

Beijing or Shanghai?2)be + the比较级+ of the two。

(两个之中比较…的那一个)，如：John is the more polite of the two boys.3)The +形容词比较级…。

the +形容词比较级…（越…就越…），如：The harder you study。

the more/greater progress you make.你越努力，取得的进步就越大4)形容词/副词比较级+ and +形容词/副词比较级（越来越…）。

如：Our city is more and more beautiful.5)形容词/副词比较级+ than + any other +名词单数形，如：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.6)形容词/副词比较级+ than + the other +名词复数形式，如：It’XXX.关于比较级的几个需要注意的问题：1）为了增强语气，在比力级前面加透露表现相差水平的状语，常见的有much。

一、比较级和最高级的讲解变化规则1．一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词如：small→smaller→smallestshort→shorter→shortesttall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest（2）双音节词如：clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowest2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviestbusy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest5．其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautifuldifferent→more different→most differenteasily→more easily→most easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。

例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.（2）形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。

比较级在形容词或副词前加more(如more natural,more clearly )或加后缀-er(newer,sooner )。

典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。

英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。

其中，像“A比B更……”的表达方式称为比较级。

组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级的形态。

构成⒈单音节形容词的比较级以及以-ly,-er,-ow结尾的形容词在词尾加-er。

如：dark→darker; quick→quicker; clever→cleverer2. 以e结尾的形容词在词尾直接加-r构成。

如：simple→simpler3. 重读闭音节双写末位字母再加er。

如：fat→fatter；thin→thinner。

4. 多音节形容词，在其前加more构成。

如：afraid →more afraid; interesting→more interesting; pleased→more pleased。

5.少数形容词的比较级是不规则的。

good/well→better; bad/ill→worse; far→farther（表距离）/ further（表抽象）；much/many→more;little→less；old→older、elder.6.以辅音加y结尾的，把y变i，加er。

early→earlier;funny→funnier;easy→easier.clear clearer clearestsmall smaller smallestnarrow narrower narrowestnear nearer nearestlate later latest原级比较⒈由“．．．as + 形容词+ as．．．”或“．．．as + 形容词+ 名词+ as．．．”构成。

My grandpa is as energetic as a young man.Exercise is as useful a way as any other to lose unwanted weight.I try to find as much information as I can about what happened.⒉由“．．．not so (as) + 形容词+ as．．．”或“．．．not so (as) + 形容词+ 名词+ as．．．”构成。

(一 )比较级和最高级的构成：1 加-er,-est 构成比较级和最高级。

【1】单音节形容词和副词high-higher-highest hard-harder-hardest 【2】以不发音的 -e 结尾的safe-safer-safest late-later-latest【3】辅音字母要双写的情况：【4】以辅音加 -y 结尾的情况dry-drier-driest merry-merrier-merrist 2 加 more,most 构成比较级和最高级。

【1】多音节的形容词和副词expensive-more expensive-most expensivecarefully-more carefully-most carefully【2】由形容词加 -ly 构成的副词slowly-more slowly-most slowlyhighly-more highly-most highly【3】以-ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive,-ing 等结尾的双音节形容词useless-more useless-most uselessserious-more serious-most seriuos【4】分词形容词 tired,pleased 及 glad,often,real,right,wrong 等单音节形容词tired-more tired-most tiredglad-more glad-most glad( 3 )形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的不规则构成法。

bad/ill/badly-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthestold-older/elder-oldest/eldest(二) 比较级和最高级的用法1 比较级的表示法：主语 +be +比较级+than …;主语+谓语+比较级+than …( 1 )不同主语的比较：He is two years younger than I.This machine works better than that one.Li Ming studies harder than Wang Ling.( 2 )同一主语不同方面的比较：She is now happier than she has ever been.The exam was easier than we expected.We have had much more rain this year than last year.( 3 )用于修饰比较级的词： even,(very) much,far,a lot,stillThis book is much thicker than that one.He works even harder than before.( 1 ) 形容词和副词最高级的用法三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。

一、形容词的比较级和最高级变化规则;1、规则变化:(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er或est:如: small ---smaller --- the smallest(2) 以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,或st:如: late --- later --- the latest(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est:如: easy --- easier --- the easiest(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或est:如: big --- bigger --- the biggest以er,ow结尾的双音节词加er 或est如: slow --- slower --- the slowest(5) 多音节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前省略the.如: important --- more important --- the most important2.不规则变化good / well --- better --- the best 好bad / badly / ill --- worse --- the worst 坏many / much --- more --- the most 多little --- less --- the least 少old --- older / elder --- the oldest / the oldest 老, 旧far --- farther / further --- the farthest / the furthest 远常见形容词比较级、最高级变化一览表1.在形容词词尾加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级:bright(明亮的)—brighter—brightest broad(广阔的)—broader—broadest cheap(便宜的)—cheaper—cheapest clean(干净的)—cleaner—cleanestclever(聪明的)—cleverer—cleverest cold(寒冷的)—colder—coldest cool(凉的)—cooler—coolest dark(黑暗的)—darker—darkest deep(深的)—deeper—deepest fast(迅速的)—faster—fastestfew(少的)—fewer—fewest great(伟大的)—greater—greatest hard(困难的,硬的)—harder—hardest high(高的)—higher—highest kind(善良的)—kinder—kindest light(轻的)—lighter—lightest long(长的)—longer—longest loud(响亮的)—louder—loudestlow(低的)—lower—lowest near(近的)—nearer—nearestnew(新的)—newer—newest poor(穷的)—poorer—poorestquick(快的)—quicker—quickest quiet(安静的)—quieter—quietestrich(富裕的)—richer—richest short(短的)—shorter—shortestslow(慢的)—slower—slowest small(小的)—smaller—smallest smart(聪明的)—smarter—smartest soft(柔软的)—softer—softest strong(强壮的)—stronger—strongest sweet(甜的)—sweeter—sweetest tall(高的)-taller-tallest thick(厚的)—thicker—thickest warm(温暖的)—warmer—warmest weak(弱的)—weaker—weakest young(年轻的)—younger—youngest2.双写最后一个字母,再加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级:big(大的)—bigger—biggest fat(胖的)—fatter—fattesthot(热的)—hotter—hottest red(红的)—redder—reddestsad(伤心的)—sadder—saddest thin(瘦的)—thinner—thinnestwet(湿的)—wetter—wettest mad(疯的)—madder—maddest3.以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词,加上“r”“st”构成比较级、最高级:able(能干的)—abler—ablest brave(勇敢的)—braver—bravest close(接近的)—closer—closest fine(好的,完美的)—finer—finest large(巨大的)—larger—largest late(迟的)—later—latestnice(好的)—nicer—nicest ripe(成熟的)—riper—ripestrude(粗鲁的)—ruder—rudest safe(安全的)—safer—safest strange(奇怪的)—stranger—strangest wide(宽广的)—wider—widest wise(睿智的,聪明的)—wiser—wisest white(白的)—whiter—whitest4.以字母y结尾的形容词,把y改为i,再加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级: busy(忙碌的)—busier—busiest dirty(脏的)—dirtier—dirtiestdry(干燥的)—drier—driest early(早的)—earlier—earliest easy(容易的)—easier—easiest friendly(友好的)—friendlier—friendliest funny(好玩的)—funnier—funniest happy(开心的)—happier—happiest healthy(健康的)—healthier—healthiest heavy(重的)—heavier—heaviesthungry(饿的)—hungrier—hungriest lazy(懒惰的)—lazier—laziestlucky(幸运的)—luckier—luckiest naughty(调皮的)—naughtier—naughtiest noisy(嘈杂的)—noisier—noisiest pretty(美丽的)—prettier—prettiest silly(傻的)—sillier—silliest spicy(辣的)—spicier—spiciestthirsty(渴的)—thirstier—thirstiest ugly(丑的)—uglier—ugliest4.双音节、多音节形容词,在单词前面加上“more”“most”构成比较级、最高级:afraid(害怕的)—more afraid—most afraidbeautiful(美丽的)—more beautiful—most beautifulcareful(仔细的)—more careful—most carefulcheerful(开心的)—more cheerful—most cheerfulcrowded(拥挤的)—more crowded—most crowdeddangerous(危险的)—more dangerous—most dangerousdelicious(美味的)—more delicious—most deliciousdifficult(困难的)—more difficult—most difficultexciting(令人兴奋的)—more exciting—most exciting expensive(昂贵的)—more expensive—most expensivefamous(著名的)—more famous—most famousfrightened(受惊的)—more frightened—most frightened frightening(令人害怕的)—more frightening—most frightening hard-working(勤奋的)—more hard-working—most hard-working helpful(有帮助的)—more helpful—most helpfulhonest(诚实的)—more honest—most honestimportant(重要的)—more important—most important interesting(有趣的)—more interesting—most interesting polite(有礼貌的)—more polite—most politeterrible(可怕的)—more terrible—most terribletired(累的)—more tired—most tired5.不规则变化的形容词:bad(坏的)—worse—worst good(好的)—better—bestfar(远的)—farther—farthest (far—further—furthest)ill(病的)—worse—worst little(少的)—less—leastmany(多的)—more—most much(多的)—more—mostold(年老的)—older—oldest ( old—elder—eldest)well(好的,身体好的)—better—best一. 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级.bad ________________ ______________________________clean ________________ ______________________________ famous______________ _______________________dirty _________________ ______________________________big __________________ _____________________________small _________________ ______________________________heavy _____________ ______________________little __________________ ______________________________hard __________________ ______________________________ happy_________________ ______________________________far ___________________ ______________________________ expensive _____________________ ________________________________ well_________________ ______________________________easy __________________ ______________________________ wide___________________ _______________________________ young_________________ ________________________________ rude___________________ ________________________________ cheap___________________ _______________________________ ugly__________________ _________________________________ busy___________________ ________________________________ old____________________ _________________________________ noisy__________________ _________________________________ interesting _____________________ _______________________________ hot____________________ _________________________________ cold___________________ _________________________________ many__________________ ________________________________ bright__________________ _______________________________ boring__________________ _______________________________ difficult_______________________ ________________________________ beautiful _______________________ _____________________________thin _____________________ _______________________________good ____________________ _______________________________strong____________________ ______________________________high _________________ _______________________warm ________________ _______________________late __________________ _______________________weak _________________ ______________________tall ___________________ ______________________short __________________ ______________________loud ___________________ ______________________lazy ___________________ ______________________quick __________________ ______________________angry __________________ ______________________ clever __________________ ______________________ smart __________________ ______________________low ____________________ __________________二、选择填空1. Which does Jimmy like _____ , Chinese or Art?A. wellB. bestC. betterD. much2. The Changjiang River is one of _____ in the world.A. the longest riverB. longest riversC. the longest riversD. longer rivers3. _____ of the two women is Mrs Brown.A. The beautifulB. The more beautifulC. More beautifulD. The most beautiful4. My mooncake is nicer _____ his.A. likeB. withC. forD. than5. You are fatter than _____ .A. heB. hisC. himD. he is tall6. He jumps _____ of the three.A. farB. furtherC. farthestD. furthest7. My hair is longer than _____ .A. my sisterB. KateC. my brother’sD. Lucys’8. There are _____ paper here .Please bring some.A. littleB. lessC. fewerD. a little9. The pen is _____ than that one.A. more cheapB. cheapC. much cheaperD. quite cheaper10.Tom speaks Chinese _____ better than Jimmy.A. moreB. veryC. a lot ofD. much11.There are _____ girls in Class Two than in Class Four.A. moreB. nicestC. mostD. best12.It’s too _____ for you to do that.A. easyB. more dangerousC. harderD. the easiest13.Who has _____ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?A. muchB. biggestC. betterD. the most14.You have more rulers than me. But _____ are nicer than _____ .A. mine, yoursB. mine, yourC. my, yoursD. my, your15.Tingting is _____ than Meimei, but Meimei is _____ than Tingting.A. all, strongerB. taller, strongestC. tallest, strongD. taller, stronger16.Mother is _____ in my family.A. busyB. busierC. the busiestD. more busy17.There are _____ in the park on Sunday.A. more childrenB. a lot of peopleC. much men and womenD. many peoples18.-This blue sweater is too big for me .-Will you please show me a _____ one?A. smallB. smallerC. the smallestD. smallest19.No one is _____ Mary in the class.A. so tallest asB. as taller asC. so high asD. so tall as20. This bike is _____ than that one.A. twenty yuan dearB. twenty yuan dearerC. dear twenty yuanD. dearer twenty yuan[参考答案] CCDDA CDBCD AADAD CBBDB三、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Your classroom is _____ (wide) and _____ (bright) than ours.2.There are _____ (few) hours of sunlight a day in winter than in summer.3.Which do you like _____ (well) , maths or chemistry?4.This is the _____ (good) film I have ever seen.5.Africa is the second _____ (large) continent.6.What he said made his mother much _____ (angry) .7.I’m not as _____ (careful) as he.8.We’ve got as _____ (many) books as we need.9.Pratice as _____ (much) as you can.10.They have done _____ (much) work with _____ (little) money.11.You’re the _____ (kind) person I’ve ever met.12.He is _____ (young) than his two sisters.13.The _____ (old) I get, the _____ (strong) I seem to feel.14.The weather is getting _____ (warm) and _____ (warm) .15.Summer is _____ (hot) season of the year.[参考答案] 1. wider, brighter 2. fewer 3. better 4. best 5. largest 6. angry 7. careful 8. many 9. much 10. more, less 11. kindest 12. younger 13. older, stronger, 14. warmer, warmer 15. the hottest。

2.He is the ________(strong) boy in the class.3.Of the two coats,I’d choose the ______ (cheap)one to spare some money for a book.4.Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is the ______(good) one.5.Her mother is getting ________(fat) and _________(fat).6.He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English.7. Annie says sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.8. He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class,I think.9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange is a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.11. The Chang Jiang River is the _______ (long) river in china.12. Sue is a little ___________ (beautiful) than her sister.13. My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s.14.--How difficult is physics? --I’ m not sure.-- Is it ________ (difficult) than maths? -- I don’t think so.15.-- Annie plays the piano very _________ (well).-- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie. and Sally plays it the ______ (well).16.Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting ____________ (fat) and ________ (fat).18. I think it’s too expensive. I' d like a _____________ (cheap) one.19. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I20. This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one.21. Your classroom is __________ (wide) and ___________ (bright) than ours.22. Practice as __________ (much) as you can.23.The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).24. Nowadays(现在) English is __________( important )than any other subject, I think.25. Most of the students think a lion is much ________ (dangerous) than a bear and it is the __________ (dangerous) animal in the world26. My brother is two years __________ (old) than me.27. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.28. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.29. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.30. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.1.。

比较级与最高级的区别1、规则变化（1）单音节词和少数双音节词，直接在词尾加-er来构成比较级，直接加est构成最高级。

构成法：原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级short －shorter －shortest small －smaller －smallest（2）以一个辅音字母结尾的的重读闭音节单词（辅音＋元音＋辅音）双写结尾的辅音字母再加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

构成法：原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级big －bigger －biggest hot －hotter－hottestthin －thinner －thinnest fat －fatter －fattest（3）以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母时改y为i，再加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

构成法：原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级easy －easier －easiest busy －busier －busiest（4）以- le和不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数结尾的双音节词只加-r。

构成法：原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级nice －nicer － nicest large － larger －largest（5）他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。

在本教材中符合加more，most来构成比较级和最高级的单词有：beautiful，boring,slowly,horrible,excited,delicious,interesting,important,dangerous…构成法：原级比较级最高级beautiful －more beautiful －most beautiful2、不规则变化good(well) －better －best bad ( ill ) －worse － worstmuch/many －more －most little －less －lest练习：1.写出下面单词的比较级和最高级(1)Short______ _______ (2)nice______ _______ (3) white______ _______ (4)big ______ _______ (5)hot______ _______ (6) easy ______ _______ (7)good______ _______ (8)well______ _______ (9) much ______ _______(10) horrible ___________ ___________(11) interesting___________ ___________(12) dangerous ___________ ___________2.选择填空。