2016-2017学年上海交大附中高一(上)期末化学试卷

上海交通大学附属中学2016-2017学年度第一学期高一化学期末考试卷（满分100分，60分钟完成,答案一律写在答题纸上）原子量：H—1，C—12，N-14，O-16，i L-7,Cl-35.5，Na—23,Ca—40，Fe-56一、选择题：（本题共40分,每小题2分,只有一个正确答案）1、23592U是重要的核工业原料，在自然界的丰度很低。

23592U的浓缩一直为国际社会所关注.23592U左上角的“235”表示( ）A．质量数B．中子数C．质子数D．电子数2、下列变化过程,属于放热反应的是( ）A．NaOH溶于水B．蜡烛燃烧C．干冰气化D．碘升华3、下列电解质在熔融态（或液态），导电性较强的是（）A．AlCl3B．HCl C．NaCl D．HAc4、下列变化中，属于还原反应的是（）A．H+→H2O B．SO3→H2SO4 C．Fe2+→Fe3+ D．Cl2→Cl-5、下列化学用语正确的是（）A．NH3的比例模型：B．氯原子的结构示意图：C．HCl的电子式:D．次氯酸的结构式：H—O—Cl6、关于CH4说法错误的是（）A．固态时属于分子晶体B．正四面体结构的分子C．与CCl4结构相似、分子间存在氢键D．含极性键的非极性分子7、下列电离方程式书写错误的是（）A．H2SO4→2H+＋SO42- B．NaHCO3→Na++ HCO3- C．KClO 3→K++ Cl-+3O2—D．HAc H++Ac—8、硫酸氢钠溶于水的过程中（）A．只破坏离子键B．既破坏离子键，也破坏共价键C．只破坏共价键D．既破坏离子键，也破坏分子间作用力9、下列关于电解质的叙述正确的是（）A．易溶于水的电解质一定是强电解质B．强电解质在水溶液中以离子形式存在C．难溶于水的电解质一定是弱电解质D．强电解质溶液的导电性一定比弱电解质强10、下列各组离子,在无色、强酸性溶液中能大量共存的是( ）A．Mg2+、K+、SO42—、CO32- B．Na+、NO3—、Ac—、K+ C．Al3+、Na+、Cl-、SO42- D．Na+、K+、MnO4—、Cl—11、下列事实与共价键的强弱有关的是( ）A．HF的沸点高于HCl B．金刚石的熔点比晶体硅高C．稀有气体一般很难发生化学反应D．常温下单质溴呈液态、碘呈固态12、室温下，向饱和硫酸铜在盛有硫酸铜饱和溶液的恒温密闭容器中，投入一块形状不规则的硫酸铜晶体,放置数天后,看到的现象是（）A．胆矾的形状改变,质量不变B．体系中不再发生溶解过程C．溶液质量减小，浓度不变D．溶液中溶剂质量增大13、已知氯气、溴蒸气分别跟氢气反应的热化学方程式如下（Q1、Q2均为正值)：H2（g）+Cl2(g）→2HCl（g）+Q1①；H2（g）+Br2（g)→2HBr(g)+Q2 ②有关上述反应的叙述错误的是（)A. Q l＞Q2B. 反应物总能量均高于生成物总能量C。

上海交大附中高一（上）年末化学试卷（解析版）【一】单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，共45.0分〕1.关于物质溶于水的说法不正确的选项是()A. 溶于水而导电的化合物可以是共价化合物B. 在不饱和溶液中不存在溶解平衡状态C. 氢氧化钠溶于水的过程中存在水合过程，这是一个化学过程D. 氯化铵溶解过程中溶解吸收的热量大于结晶放出的热量【解析】解：A.溶于水而导电的化合物可能为离子化合物或共价化合物，如NaCl、HCl，故A正确；B.不饱和溶液中溶解速率大于固体析出速率，溶解平衡必须为饱和溶液或过饱和溶液，故B正确；C.NaOH溶于水电离出钠离子和氢氧根离子，在溶液中离子与水分子结合成水合离子为放热的化学变化，故C正确；D.氯化铵溶解过程中，扩散过程吸收的热量大于水合过程放出的热量，故D错误；应选：D。

A.溶于水而导电的化合物可能为离子化合物或共价化合物；B.不饱和溶液中溶解速率大于固体析出速率；C.水合过程为放热的化学变化；D.铵盐溶于水吸热。

此题考查反应热与焓变，为高考常见题型，把握反应中能量变化、溶解平衡为解答的关键，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意水合过程为解答的难点，题目难度不大。

2.某溶液中含有Fe2+和I −.为了氧化I −而不使Fe2+被氧化，试根据以下三个反应判断，可选用的氧化剂是()①2Fe3++2I−=2Fe2++I2②2Fe2++Cl2=2Fe3++2Cl−③2MnO4−+10Cl−+16H+=2Mn2++5Cl2↑+8H2O.A. FeCl2B. KMnO4C. Cl2D. FeCl3【解析】解：①2Fe3++2I−=2Fe2++I2中氧化性Fe3+>I2，还原性I−>Fe2+，②2Fe2++Cl2=2Fe3++2Cl−中氧化性Cl2>Fe3+，还原性Fe2+>Cl−，③2MnO4−+10Cl−+16H+=2Mn2++5Cl2↑+8H2O中氧化性MnO4−>Cl2，还原性Cl−>Mn2+，根据以上知，氧化性大小顺序是MnO4−>Cl2>Fe3+>I2，还原性大小顺序是I−>Fe2+>Cl−>Mn2+，为了氧化I −而不使Fe2+被氧化，那么应该选取铁盐，应选：D。

2016-2017学年上海中学高一（上）期末化学试卷一、选择题（每道题有1个正确答案）1．（3分）下列物质的分子或晶体中包含正四面体结构，且键角不等于109o28’的是（）A．白磷B．金刚石C．氨气D．甲烷2．（3分）下列现象中，能用范德华力解释的是（）A．氮气的化学性质稳定B．通常状况下，溴呈液态，碘呈固态C．水的沸点比硫化氢高D．锂的熔点比钠高3．（3分）下列过程中能形成离子键的是（）A．硫磺在空气中燃烧B．氢气与氯气在光照下反应C．镁在空气中逐渐失去光泽D．氯气溶于水4．（3分）已知H2O跟H+可结合成H3O+（称为水合氢离子），则H3O+中一定含有的化学键是（）A．离子键B．非极性键C．配位键D．氢键5．（3分）在一定温度和压强下，气体体积大小主要取决于（）A．气体分子间的平均距离B．气体分子微粒大小C．气体分子数目的多少D．气体分子式量的大小6．（3分）FeS2的结构类似于Na2O2，是一种过硫化物，与酸反应时生成H2S2，H2S2易分解．实验室用稀硫酸与FeS2颗粒混合，则反应完毕后不可能生成的物质是（）A．H2S B．S C．FeS D．FeSO47．（3分）要把12mol•L﹣1的盐酸（密度为 1.19g/cm3）50mL稀释成6mol•L﹣1的盐酸（密度为1.10g/cm3），需加水（）A．50mL B．50.5mL C．55mL D．59.5mL8．（3分）某硫单质的分子式为S x，n mol的S x在足量氧气中完全燃烧，产生气体全部通入含有m molCa（OH）2的石灰水中，恰好完全沉淀，且8n=m，则x的值为（）A．8 B．6 C．4 D．29．（3分）白磷的化学式写成P，但其实际组成为P4，而三氧化二磷其实是以六氧化四磷的形式存在的，已知P4O6分子中只含有单键，且每个原子的最外层都满足8电子结构，则分子中含有的共价键的数目是（）A．10 B．12 C．24 D．2810．（3分）50mL l8mol/L的硫酸与足量铜片共热，被还原的硫酸的物质的量是（）A．大于0.9 mol B．等于0.45 molC．小于0.45mol D．大于0.45 mol小于0.9 mol11．（3分）某稀土元素R的精矿样品中，R的氧化物的质量分数为0.8515.20.2g该样品与100mL 1mol/L稀硫酸恰好完全反应（杂质不反应），生成ROSO4和H2O，则R的相对原子质量约为（）A．78 B．140 C．156 D．17212．（3分）强热绿矾晶体，除结晶水蒸发外，还发生如下化学反应：2FeSO4Fe2O3+SO2↑+SO3↑．如果将生成的气体通入浓BaCl2溶液中，产生的现象是（）A．生成确BaSO4和BaSO3混合沉淀B．生成BaSO4沉淀，有SO2气体逸出C．生成BaSO4沉淀，有SO3气体逸出D．有SO2和SO3两种气体同时逸出13．（3分）下列离子方程式中不正确的是（）A．氢氧化钡溶液和硫酸钠溶液混合：Ba2++SO42﹣=BaSO4↓B．将亚硫酸氢钠加入盐酸溶液中：HSO3﹣+H+=SO2↑+H2OC．氢硫酸与亚硫酸混合：H2SO3+2H2S=3S↓+3H2OD．H2S气体通入CuSO4溶液中：Cu2++S2﹣=CuS↓14．（3分）下列哪组气体在实验室中可用相同的实验装置制取（）A．H2S H2CO2 B．SO2Cl2H2SC．O2SO2Cl2D．HCl Cl2SO215．（3分）10毫升0.1mol/L的XO4﹣离子恰好将15毫升0.1mol/L的亚硫酸钠氧化，则元素X在还原产物中的化合价为多少（）A．+1 B．+2 C．+3 D．+416．（3分）常温下，向20升真空容器内通入a摩硫化氢和b摩二氧化硫（a和b都是正整数，且a≤5，b≤5）．反应完全后，容器内气体可能达到的最大密度约是（）A．24.5克/升B．14.4克/升C．8克/升D．5.1克/升17．（3分）室温时将H2S、O2和N2的混合气体120mL点燃后反应至完全，恢复至室温测得剩余气体的体积为60mL．则原混合气体中硫化氢和氧气的体积比不可能为（）A．1：1 B．1：2 C．2：3 D．4：318．（3分）用20mL 18.4mol•L﹣1浓H2SO4与金属铜共热一段时间后，冷却，过滤，除去多余的铜，将滤液加水稀释到100mL，所得溶液中SO42﹣的物质的量浓度为3.18mol•L﹣1，则此时溶液中CuSO4的物质的量浓度为（）A．0.50 mol•L﹣1 B．0.75 mol•L﹣1 C．1.00 mol•L﹣1 D．3.18 mol•L﹣1二、选择题（每道题有1-2个正确答案）19．（3分）下列关于化学键的叙述正确的是（）A．全部由非金属元素组成的化合物中可含离子键B．H2O中所有原子都满足八电子稳定状态C．两种元素构成的化合物可以含有非极性共价键D．CH4中所有的电子都参与形成共价键20．（3分）配制100mL1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液，下列操作错误的是（）A．在托盘天平上放两片大小相同的纸，然后将氢氧化钠放在纸上称取B．把称得的氢氧化钠放入盛有适量蒸馏水的烧杯中，溶解、冷却，再把溶液转入容量瓶中C．用蒸馏水洗涤烧杯、玻棒2～3次，洗涤液也移入容量瓶D．沿着玻棒往容量瓶中加蒸馏水，直至溶液凹面的最低点与刻度相切21．（3分）PH3一种无色剧毒气体，其分子结构和NH3相似，但P﹣H键键能比N﹣H键键能低．下列判断错误的是（）A．PH3分子呈三角锥形B．PH3分子是极性分子C．PH3沸点低于NH3沸点，因为P﹣H键键能低D．PH3分子稳定性低于NH3分子，因为N﹣H键键能高22．（3分）在20℃时，在一刚性容器内部有一个不漏气且可滑动的活塞将容器分隔成左右两室．左室充入氮气，右室充入氢气与氧气的混合气体，活塞恰好停留在离左端的处（如图左所示），然后引燃氢、氧混合气体，反应完毕后恢复至原来温度，活塞恰好停在中间（如图所示），如果忽略水蒸气体积，则反应前氢气与氧气的体积比可能是（）A．3：4 B．4：5 C．6：2 D．2：723．（3分）O2F2可以发生反应：H2S+4O2F2→SF6+2HF+4O2，下列说法正确的是（）A．氧气是氧化产物B．O2F2既是氧化剂又是还原剂C．若生成4.48 L HF，则转移0.8 mol电子D．还原剂与氧化剂的物质的量之比为1：4三、填空题24．在氢、氮、氯和钠四种元素中：（1）四种元素中最外层电子数最多的原子的结构示意图为．（2）由2种元素组成的共价化合物的水溶液显酸性，这种化合物的电子式是；由两种元素组成的共价化合物的水溶液呈碱性，这种化合物的结构式为，四种元素对应的化学性质最稳定的单质的电子式为．（3）由两种元素组成的离子化合物，其化学式为，由三种元素组成的离子化合物，用电子式表示其形成过程．（4）与氯同属卤族元素的各元素的氢化物中稳定性最好的是，其稳定的原因是．25．同学小明上完氯气性质一节仍感意犹未尽，自己又在老师的指导下做了氯气与金属铝的反应，实验前老师要求他查一下氯化铝的相关理化数据，他发现氯化铝的熔点为190℃（2.02×105 Pa），而沸点是180℃（1）常压下持续加热AlCl3，AlCl3会（填物理变化过程）（2）根据这些数据，可以推测氧化铝是晶体，可进一步验证这个结论的是：．A．熔融氯化铝不导电B．氯化铝溶液可导电C．氯化铝温室下为固体D．氢氧化铝溶于盐酸可生成氯化铝（3）又查得，氯化铝蒸气的密度（换算成标准状况时）为11.92g•L﹣1，氯化铝的化学式为．26．如图示个各物质间的转化关系中，X、Y、Z包含相同的元素（1）气体Z是色，具有气味的气体．（2）固体X溶于水（填“能”或“不”）（3）请写出Z与O2生成Y的化学方程式．（4）请写出X与浓硫酸反应生成Y的化学方程式．（5）请写出Z与Y反应生成X的化学方程式．（6）将Y通入到溴水当中发现溴水褪色，请写出其离子方程式，这体现了Y具有性．四、实验题27．硫酸是重要的化工产品，在基础化学实验中，有着重要的作用．实验室用98.0%的密度为1.84g/mL，浓H2SO4来配置100mL 1.00mol/L H2SO4．某学生操作步骤如下：A、计算需量取该种浓硫酸的体积；B、检查容量瓶是否漏水；C、量取浓硫酸；D、将量取的浓硫酸转移进烧杯中，然后沿烧杯壁缓缓将少量水注入烧杯中，并用玻璃棒不断搅拌，再立即将溶解好的稀硫酸转移到容量瓶中；E、洗涤烧杯和玻璃棒2～3次，并将洗涤液全部转移至容量瓶；F、将蒸馏水注入容量瓶，至液面接近表现2～3cm时，改用滴管向容量瓶里逐滴加入蒸馏水，到液面最低点恰好与刻度线相平；盖紧瓶盖，反复颠倒，摇匀溶液；G、将配好的溶液转移至事先贴好标签的试剂瓶中．请回答下列问题：（1）实验过程中需要的主要仪器除烧杯、玻璃棒、胶头滴管外，还有与．（2）步骤C中需量取浓硫酸的体积为mL．（3）上述步骤中有错，正确的操作应是．（4）下列操作分别会对溶液浓度造成怎样的影响（填字母：A．偏高，B．偏低，C．无影响，D．无法确定偏高还是偏低）A、用量筒量取一定量液体时，俯视液面读数B、使用容量瓶配置溶液时，俯视液面定容后所得溶液的浓度C、没有用蒸馏水洗涤烧杯2～3次即定容D、容量瓶刚用蒸馏水洗净，没有烘干E、定容时，滴加蒸馏水，先使液面略高于刻度线，再吸出少量水使液面凹液面与刻度线相切F、把配好的溶液倒入刚用蒸馏水洗净的试剂瓶中备用．28．化学实验社的一次社团活动中做了锌与浓硫酸的反应，小明认为产生的气体是二氧化硫，而指导老师胡老师指出，除二氧化硫气体外，还可能产生氢气．为了验证这种判断是否正确，同学们展开了激烈的讨论，饶有兴趣地设计如图所示实验装置（锌与浓硫酸共热时产生的气体为X，且该装置略去），试回答下列问题：（1）生成二氧化硫的化学方程式为：（2）胡老师认为还可能产生氢气的理由是：（3）同学们在安装好装置后，必不可少的一步操作是：（4）A中加入的试剂可能是，作用是；B中加入的试剂可能是，作用是；E中加入的试剂可能是，作用是．（5）可以证明气体X中含有氢气的实验现象是：C中：，D中：．如果去掉装置B，还能否根据D中的现象判断气体X中有氢气？（填“能”或“不能”），原因是．五、计算题29．KClO3是一种常见的氧化剂，常用于医药工业、印染工业和制造烟火．实验室用KClO3和MnO2混合加热制氧气，现取KClO3和MnO2混合物16.60g加热至恒重，将反应后的固体加15g水充分溶解，剩余固体6.55g（25℃），再加5g水充分溶解，仍剩余固体4.80g（25℃）．（1）若剩余的4.80g固体全是MnO2，则原混合物中KClO3的质量为g；（2）若剩余的4.80g固体是MnO2和KCl的混合物（需提供必要计算步骤）（a）求25℃时KCl的溶解度；（b）求原混合物中KClO3的质量；（c）所得KCl溶液的密度为1.72g/cm3，则溶液的物质的量浓度为多少？（保留2位小数）2016-2017学年上海中学高一（上）期末化学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（每道题有1个正确答案）1．（3分）下列物质的分子或晶体中包含正四面体结构，且键角不等于109o28’的是（）A．白磷B．金刚石C．氨气D．甲烷【分析】A．在白磷（P4）分子中，4个P原子分别处在正四面体的四个顶点，白磷的键角是60°；B．金刚石晶体中包含正四面体结构，键角为109°28′；C．NH3分子既不包含正四面体结构，键角也不等于109o28’；D．甲烷分子的空间构型是正四面体，结构对称，4个氢原子位于正四面体顶点上，一个碳原子位于正四面体的中心．【解答】解：A．白磷的正四面体结构不同于甲烷的空间结构；由于白磷分子无中心原子，根据共价键的方向性和饱和性，每个磷原子都以3个共价键与其他3个磷原子结合形成共价键，从而形成正四面体结构，所以键角为60°，故A选；B．金刚石中碳原子与四个碳原子形成4个共价单键，构成正四面体，键角为109°28′，故B不选；C．NH3为三角锥形分子，键角为107.3°，故C不选；D．甲烷分子是以碳原子为中心的正四面体结构，甲烷分子中4个C﹣H完全相同，C﹣H键的键角为109°28′，故D不选；故选：A。

交大附中2017年度第一学期高一化学期末复习卷（二）相对原子质量：H-1 He-4 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 K-39 Mn-55 Ag-108一、选择题1．某些紧急情况时，通常直接用地面水简单过滤，然后加入杀菌剂即可作为紧急饮用水，下列物质不能用上述条件下杀菌消毒的是( )A．HCl B．HClO C．NaClO D．Cl22．我国科学家在世界上首次发现铂的一种新同位素78202Pt,下列说法不正确的是( )A．铂元素的质量数为202B．78202Pt与12C的质量比为101：6C．不能确定铂元素的相对原子质量D．78202Pt的近似相对原子质量为2023．在“固体干冰→液体二氧化碳→气体二氧化碳→气体一氧化碳”的变化过程中,被破坏的作用力依次是 ( )A．范德华力、范德华力、范德华力B．范德华力、范德华力、共价键C．范德华力、共价键、共价键D．共价键、共价键、共价键4. 易与X1939反应，形成离子化合物的是（）A．Y1021B．Z1123C．L1224D．M9195．下列有关化学用语表示正确的是( )A．NH4Br的电子式：B．二氧化硅的分子式：SiO2C．N2的结构式：N≡N：D．CH3Cl的电子式HHH ClCBr—6．温通同压下,用体积为1L的圆底烧瓶分别收集HCl,将两烧瓶倒立在水槽中,a烧瓶内迅速充满水,b烧瓶内水充满 3/4,溶质均未向水槽内扩散,所得盐酸的物质的量浓度分别记为a和b 单位mol/L,则a、b关系为( )A．a＞bB．a=bC．a＜bD．不能确定7．海水中，存在Na+、Cl—、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42—等离子，为了获得比较纯净的NaCl，加入试剂顺序合理的是（）A．BaCl2、Na2CO3、NaOH、HClB．Na2CO3、NaOH、BaCl2、HClC．KOH 、BaCl2、K2CO3、HClD．BaCl2、NaOH、Na2CO3、HNO38.如图所示的五种尾气吸收装置中,适合吸收极易溶于水的气体,且能防止产生倒吸现象(溶液进入气体发生装置中)的是( )A．②④⑤ B．①②④ C．①②③ D．①②④⑤9．鉴别NaCl、NaBr、NaI可以选用的试剂是（）①碘水、淀粉溶液②氯水、CCl4③溴水、苯④硝酸、AgNO3溶液⑤氯水、苯A.①②④B.②③C.②④⑤D.④⑤10．科学家设想用结构相似的C60与Si60合成一种类似工艺品“套球”(如图示)的球型碳硅化合物C60 Si60,外层球壳原子与里层球壳原子通过共价键结合.下列说法一定正确的是( )A. 该物质与碳化硅（SiC）互为同素异形体B. 该物质结构中,外层球壳为C60,内层球壳为Si60C. 该物质形成的晶体是分子晶体D. 该物质的熔点高、硬度大11.已知二氯化二硫（S2Cl2）的结构式为Cl-S-S-Cl，它易与水反应2S2Cl2+2H2O=4HCl+SO2↑+3S↓．对该反应的说法正确的是（）A. S2Cl2既作氧化剂又作还原剂B. H2O作还原剂C. 每生成1molSO2转移4mol电子D. 氧化产物与还原产物物质的量比为3：112. 关于碘及其化合物的说法正确的是( )A．“碘遇淀粉变蓝色”,“碘”指碘元素B．为了补碘,要多食用含高碘酸的食物C．碘水中加入CCl4后,充分混合后静置分层. CCl4在下层,呈现紫红色.如果在太空实验室中混合这两种液体, CCl4就未必在下层D．通过“取样→灼烧→溶解→过滤→萃取”可从海带中提取单质碘13. 某溶液中Cl－、Br－、I－三种离子物质的量分别为2mol、3mol、4mol，通入一定量Cl2使得溶液中的Br—物质的量变为1mol，则通入的Cl2物质的量为 ( )A．1mol B．2mol C．3mol D．4mol14．下列变化过程中不能直接实现的是（）。

上海交通大学附属中学 2016 学年度第一学期高一期末学试卷一、填空题1. 满足{1,2}{1,2,3,4}A ⊆⊆的集合A 共有____________个．2. 已知集合{}{}222,R ,43,RA y y x x xB y y x x x ==+∈==---∈，则A B =____________． 3. 若1tan 2θ=-，那么221sin cos sin cos θθθθ+-=____________． 4. 不等式3112x x-≥-的解集为____________． 5. 若函数2()1x a f x x bx +=++是定义在[1,1]-上的奇函数，则22a b +=____________． 6. 已知函数()3(0)f x a x b a =-+>，则将(),(3),()f e f f π从小到大排列为____________．7. 在物理学中，声波在单位时间内作用在与其传递方向垂直的单位面积上的能量称声强．日常生活中能听到的声音其声强范围很大，最大和最小之间的比值可达1210倍．用声强的物理学单位表示声音强弱很不方便．当人耳听到两个强度不同的声音时，感觉的大小大致上与两个声强比值的常用对数成比例．所以引入声强级来表示声音的强弱．某一处的声强级，是指该处的声强P 与参考声强0P 的比值的常用对数，单位为贝尔（B ），其中参考声强12010P -=瓦/米2．实际生活中一般用1贝尔的十分之一，即分贝（dB ）来作为声强级的单位，其公式为声强级（dB ）=010lg P P ⎛⎫⨯ ⎪⎝⎭．若某工厂环境内有一台机器（声源）单独运转时，发出噪声的声强级为80 分贝，那么两台相同的机器一同运转时（声强为原来的两倍），发出噪声的声强级为____________分贝．（精确到0.1分贝）8. 记123100A =⨯⨯⨯⨯，那么2341001111log log log log A A A A ++++=____________．9. 已知,(0,)x y ∈+∞，且191x y+=，那么x y +的最小值是____________． 10. 设0a >且1a ≠，则函数2()221x f x a x x a =+--+的零点的个数为____________．11. 若不等式21x a x a a -++≥-+对于任意实数x 恒成立，则满足条件的实数a 的取值范围是____________．12. 已知函数()y f x =的定义域为(1,)+∞，对于定义域内的任意实数x ，有(2)2()f x f x =成立，且(1,2]x ∈时，2()log f x x =．那么当(1,2n x ⎤∈⎦时，函数()y f x =的最大值为____________．（用n 来表示）二、选择题13. 下列命题中正确的是（ ）A. 第一象限的角必是锐角B. 相等的角终边必相同C. 终边相同的角必相等D. 不相等的角的终边位置必不相同14. 若二次函数2y ax bx c =++的图像不经过原点，则“0abc =”是“此函数为偶函数”的（ ）A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既非充分也非必要条件15. 下列选项中，表示的不是同一个函数的是（ ）A. ()f x =()g x =B. ()x f x e =与()t g t e =C. 2(),{0,1}f x x x =∈与(),{0,1}g x x x =∈D. ()1f x =与0()g x x =16. 如果一个函数()y f x =的图象是一个中心对称图形，关于点(,)P m n 对称．那么将()y f x =的图像向左平移m 个单位再向下平移n 个单位后得到一个关于原点对称的函数图像．即函数()y f x m n =+-为奇函数．那么下列命题中真命题的个数是（ ）①二次函数2(0)y ax bx c a =++≠的图像肯定不是一个中心对称图形；②三次函数32(0)y ax bx cx d a =+++≠的图像肯定是一个中心对称图形； ③函数1x b y c a=++（0a >且1a ≠）的图像肯定是一个中心对称图形． A. 0个 B. 1个 C. 2个 D. 3个三、解答题17. 某创业团队拟生产A 、B 两种产品，根据市场预测，A 产品的利润与投资额成正比（如左图），B 产品的利润与投资额的算术平方根成正比（如右图）：（注：利润与投资额的单位均为万元）（1）分别将A 、B 两种产品的利润()f x 、()g x 表示为投资额x 的函数；（2）该团队已筹集到10万元资金，并打算全部投入A 、B 两种产品生产，问：当B 产品的投资额为多少万元时，生产A 、B 两种产品能获得的总利润最大，最大总利润为多少？18. 解关于x 的不等式21ax ax x +->19. 已知函数4()(0)f x x x x=-< （1）求函数()f x 的反函数1()f x -；（2）判断1()f x -的单调性并证明；（3）解不等式：22x >-20. 已知函数()9233x x f x a =-⋅+（1）若1,[0,1]a x =∈，求()f x 的值域；（2）当[1,1]x ∈-时，求()f x 的最小值()h a ；（3）对于（2）中的函数()h a ，是否存在实数m 、n ，同时满足下列条件：①3n m >>；②当()h a 的定义域为[,]m n 时，其值域为22[,]m n ，若存在，求出m 、n 的值；若不存在，请说明理由参考答案一、填空题1. 42. [1,1]-3. -14. 3,24⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭5. 06. (3)()()f f f e π<<7. 83.08. 19. 16 10. 2 11. 2(,2],5⎡⎫-∞-+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭12. 12n - 二、选择题13. B 14. C15. D 16. D三、解答题17. （1）1()(0)4y f x x x ==≥，()0)y g x x ==≥ （2）B 产品投资6.25万元，总利润最大，最大为4.0625万元。

上海交通大学附属中学2015-2016学年第一学期高一化学期末试卷（满分100分，60分钟完成。

答案一律写在答题纸上）原子量：H -1，C -12，N -14，O -16，He -4，Cl -35.5，Br -80，I -127，Mn -55，Na -23，Ag -108命题：褚娴文 审核：李国丽一、选择题：（每题只有一个正确答案）1．下列有关物质结构的表述正确的是（ ）A ．4CCl 的电子式：Cl Cl :Cl :Cl ClB ．二氧化硅的分子式2SiOC ．硫原子的最外层电子排布式243s 3pD ．钠离子的结构示意图2．氯元素在自然界有35Cl 和37Cl 两种同位素，则在计算式3575.77%3724.23%35.485⨯+⨯=中 A ．75.77%表示35Cl 的质量分数 B ．24.23%表示35Cl 的丰度C ．35.485表示氯元素的相对原子质量D ．37表示37Cl 的质量数3．同温同压下，等质量的下列气体，体积最大的是（ ） A ．2H B ．2O C ．He D ．2CO4．实验室配制100mL1mol/L 的24H SO 和100mL1mol/LNaOH 都需要用到的仪器是（ ） ①100mL 容量瓶②胶头滴管③量筒④玻璃棒⑤电子天平⑥烧杯 A ．①②③④ B ．①②④⑥ C ．①④⑤⑥ D ．②③④⑥ 5．用A N 表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法中正确的是（ ） A ．221molNa O 晶体中共含有A 4N 个离子B ．28gCO 和2N 的混合气体含有A 14N 个电子C ．222.4LCl 和足量稀NaOH 溶液反应转移A N 个电子D ．1L1mol /L 的盐酸溶液中含有A N 个HCl 分子 6．下列物质属于电解质的是（ ） A ．干冰 B ．NaOH C ．铜 D ．稀硫酸 7．下列电离方程式中，正确的是（ ）A ．HF F H -+→+B ．233NaHCO Na H CO ++-→++C ．()322443Al SO 2Al 3SO +-→+D ．523NaClO Na Cl 3O ++-→++8．下列物质中不存在氯离子的是（ ） A ．氯水 B ．液态氯化氢 C ．盐酸 D ．固体氯化钠 9．下列因果关系成立的是（ ）A ．因为金刚石C C -键能大于晶体硅Si Si -键能，所以金刚石硬度高于晶体硅B ．因为Br Br -键长大于Cl Cl -键长，所以2Br 的沸点高于2Cl 的沸点C ．因为NaCl 晶体中存在大量阴、阳离子，所以NaCl 晶体导电性比Na 强D ．因为冰是固体，水是液体，所以冰的密度比水大10．如图是某无机化合物的二聚分子，该分子中A 、B 两种元素的原子的电子层数都为3， 分子中所有原子的最外层电子都达到8个电子的稳定结构。

2016-2017学年第一学期期末模拟测试(一)高一化学试题（试题分值：100分考试时间：90分钟）可能用到的原子量：H:1 C:12 N:14 O:16 Na:23 Al:27 S:32 Cl:35.5 Fe:56第Ⅰ卷（共49分）单项选择题（本题包括19小题，1-8每小题2分，9-19每小题3分共49分。

）1．分类法是化学学习中的一种重要方法，下列分类图正确的是2．氧化还原反应与四种基本类型反应的关系如下图所示，则下列化学反应属于区域3的是( ) A．4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O== 4Fe(OH)3B．2H2O22H2O+O2↑C．3CO+Fe2O33CO2+2FeD．Zn+H2SO4 == ZnSO4+H2↑3．根据侯氏制碱原理制备少量NaHCO3的实验，经过制取氨气、制取NaHCO3、分离NaHCO3、干燥NaHCO3四个步骤，下列图示装置和原理能达到实验目的的是（）4．下列有关物质用途的说法不．正确的是A．碳酸钠治疗胃酸过多B．稀硫酸除铁锈C．明矾可用于净水D．过氧化钠可用作潜艇供氧剂5．常温下，下列物质存放方法正确的是A. 碳酸钠溶液用带玻璃塞的玻璃瓶存放B．金属钠保存在水中C ．浓硝酸存放于无色细口瓶中D ．浓硫酸贮存在铝制容器中 6．下图是某同学用500 mL 容量瓶配制0.10 mol·L －1 Na 2CO 3溶液的步骤：该同学的错误是A.①⑤⑥B.②④⑦C.①⑥D.⑤⑥⑦7．西安市环境保护监测中心2015年12月29日9时发布，西安市空气质量指数：233，属重度污染，监测的主要污染物有PM2.5、2NO 、2SO 、CO 、3O 等．下列空气污染物与其主要来源不对应的是A B C D 污染物 二氧化硫 甲醛 氮氧化物 悬浮颗粒物 来源雷电时空气中产生人造家具、用具燃煤、汽车尾气燃煤、施工8．下列实验操作与预期实验目的或所得实验结论一致的是选项 实验操作实验目的或结论A 将过量的铁丝烧至红热氯气中 制取FeCl 2B将浓硫酸与碳混合加热，生成的气体通入足量的澄清石灰水检验气体产物中的CO 2C分别向等量的A 、B 两种白色粉末中，加入等体积、等浓度的稀盐酸 区分Na 2CO 3、NaHCO 3两种固体D用洁净的玻璃棒蘸取某溶液在无色火焰上灼烧，观察到火焰为黄色该溶液中一定存在Na +9．利用下列装置（部分仪器已省略），能顺利完成对应实验的是（ ）A ．图（1）是向容量瓶转移溶液B ．图（2）制取氢氧化亚铁C ．图（3）是碳酸氢钠受热分解D ．图（4）分离四氯化碳（沸点76.75C o ）和甲苯（沸点为110.6C o ）的混合物10．近年来，人类生产、生活所产生的污染，如机动车、燃煤、工业等排放的尾气，使灰霾天气逐渐增多。

上海交通大学附属中学 2016—2017 学年第一学期期中试卷高一年级化学学科可能用到的相对原子质量： H—1 Li — 7 C—12 N—14 O—16 Na—23 S—32 Cl—35.5 Ca—40 Fe—56一、选择题（每小题只有一个正确答案）1、19 世纪末至 20 世纪初，首先提出原子是有结构的科学家是（）A．汤姆孙B．伦琴C．道尔顿D．卢瑟福2、据报道，上海某医院正在研究用放射性碘治疗肿瘤．这种碘原子的核电荷数为 53，相对原子质量为 125．下列关于这种原子的说法中，错误的是（）A．中子数为 72B．质子数为 72C．电子数为 53D．质子数和中子数之和为 1253、“神舟七号”的燃料是氢化锂三兄弟：LiH、LiD、LiT．其中 Li 的质量数为 7，对这三种物质的下列说法正确的是（）A．质子数之比为 1：2：3B．中子数之比为 1：1：1C．摩尔质量之比为 8：9：10D．化学性质不相同4、在同温同压下，甲容器充满了 H2，乙容器充满了 NH3，如果两者氢原子个数相等，则这两容器的体积比为（）A．3:2B．2:3C．1:1D．3:15、下列表示氧原子结构示意图（）6、在化学反应前后可能发生改变的是（）A．元素种类 B．原子数目 C．分子数目 D．电子总数7、右图是制取和收集某气体的实验装置，该装置可用于（）A．用浓硫酸和氯化钠反应制取 HCl B．用浓氨水和生石灰反应制取 NH3 C．用双氧水与二氧化锰反应制取 O2 D．用饱和食盐水和电石反应制取C2H28、在标准状况下 H2和 Cl2的混合气体 a L，经光照后完全反应，所得气体恰好能使 b mol 的 NaOH 完全转化为盐，则 a、b 的关系不可能是下列的（）A．b a B．b＞ a C．b≥ a D．b＜ a22.4 22.4 11.2 22.49、右图的装置中，干燥烧瓶中盛有某种气体，烧杯和胶头滴管内盛装某种溶液。

挤压胶头滴管的胶头，下列与试验事实不相符的是（）A．CO2（饱和 NaHCO3溶液）无色喷泉B．NO2（H2O 含石蕊）红色喷泉C．NH3（H2O 含石蕊）蓝色喷泉10、下图中能验证氯化钠溶液（含酚酞）电解产物的装置是（）11、氯元素有质量为35Cl 和37Cl 的同位素，现测得氯元素的近似相对原子量为 35.5。

上海交通大学附属中学2016-2017学年度第一学期高一期末试卷Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(A)A. releaseB. lackC. wordsD. struckE. directedF. drivingG. attracts H. involving I. replaces J. element AB. touchedJapanese anime film (卡通片)Your Name has already been a huge success in its own country. Despite the (33)of big-name Hollywood stars or expensive stunts, it has taken nearly it has taken nearly $78m since its (34) in early December.Written and (35) by 43-year-old Makoto Shinkai, Your Name is a love story about two teenagers who swap bodies. The dreamy drama about missed connections (36) young star-crossed lovers has captured the imagination of Chinese audiences."The film was beautiful beyond (37) and every shot was like a painting," one cinema goer Taylor wrote. "Watching this film made me miss the springtime of my youth and that really (38) me," said one fan.But it is perhaps the (39) of fantasy that appeals to young Chinese looking for a little escapism.Film experts believe Your Name has (40) a chord with young Chinese at just the right time. "It's a love story targeted at the demographic with the most amount of disposable income, the so-called 'Post 90s' generation which has been (41) the box office boom," said Jonathan Papish, film industry analyst for China Film Insider. "It also fits well with the ACGN (Anime, Comic, Game, Novel) youth subculture that is growing in popularity in China," Mr Papish added.With box office ticket sales of nearly $ 78 , the 2D animation (42) Stand by MeDoreamon as the top grossing Japanese film of all time in China.(B)A. activelyB. likelyC. reshapeD. combinedE. riseF. concernsG. account H. remains I. promoted J. reflects K. topThe Forbes list, now in its eighth year, identified 74 people –one for every 100 million on the planet –whose actions have the most impact across the world. Factors taken into (43) include the amount of people a person has power over, the financial resources they control, whether they have influence in more than one sphere, and how (44) they wield their power to change the world.This year, 28 members of the list serve as chief executives of major companies. The top ten of those CEOs - all of whom are American - run firms with a (45) market capitalization of $3tn, Forbesreports.Vladimir Putin has beaten Donald Trump to (46) Forbes magazine’s annual list of the world’s most powerful people, taking the number one spot for the third consecutive year. Trump’s (47) to second from number 69 last year is the biggest ever on the list Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, (48) the most powerful woman, at number 3. The British prime minister, Theresa May, is a new addition to the list at number 13, replacing her predecessor David Cameron, who was ranked at number 8 last year. Barack Obama drops to 48."Forbes's list this year of the world's most powerful people (49) rapid and profound change happening around the globe," said David Ewalt, Forbes contributing editor. "The biggest trend this year is (50) the rise to power of Donald Trump, as well as the increasing power of his supporters and allies."Trump, who last week was named Time's person of the year, has continued to stoke (51) over his relationship with the Russian leader, in part by dismissing CIA reports of Russian intervention in the US presidential election.Unfolding events in the White House, as well as those in Aleppo and Europe, including Britain’s vote to leave theEuropean Union, have made 2016 a significant year for Putin, who has helped (52) the global landscape.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A clozeDirections : For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.( A )The stage and films are the major forms of entertainment for millions of people. Though the stage possesses a much longer history, films now hold greater 53 for people. There is, however, a strong 54 between the theater and the cinema. and both plays and films have their 55 merits.Play continue to attract audience because they provide a slightly 56 form of entertainment form that provided by the cinema. There is more 57 on acting and on the personal relationship created between the actor and the 58 . There is a personal element in the theater which is lacking in the cinema. 59 the audience can go along to the theatre week after and enjoy watching their favorite actors taking different.Many films which have been 60 from stage plays have not been successful. For example, there is hardly one film of a Shakespeare play that rivals the 61 play on the stage.“ Hamlet”, “ Macbeth”, “ Henry IV” and “ Richard III” have all b een made into extremely good films. Yet I doubt if one critic would argue that they are in any way better than the ordinary stage62 -. The majority of people would agree that these plays are much 63 when performed on the stage, as64 by Shakespeare. Other plays, too , have 65 as films simply because they are specially written for the stage------a form on its own.53.A. reputation B. fame C. appeal D. position54.A. difference B. conflict C. focus D. link55.A. respectie B. comparative C. constructive D. descriptive56. A. similar B. different C. new D. original57. A. connection B. dependence C. emphasis D. thought58. A. director B. author C. conductor D. audience59.A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore60. A. jobs B. places C. roles D. action61. A. adapted B. adjusted C. adopted D. affected62. A. previous B. famous C. former D. original63. A. editions B. copies C. issues D. versions64. A. worse B. better C. perfect D. dull65. A. designed B. directed C. matched D. performed66. A. succeeded B. failed C. released D. acted67. A. separate B. dominant C. similar D. fresh( B )Ten years ago, Facebook was a coding project in Mark Zuckerberg’s dorm room. Now it’s an aggressive business with $4 billion of revenue that is used by one-eighth of the world’s po pulation. Here are four main reasons why ---reasons that 68 to almost every business.1. Move fast.Mark Zuckerberg built the first 69 of Facebook in his spare time in his Harvard dorm room. He didn’t write a business plan. He didn’t 70 ask fri ends and advisors what they thought of the idea. He didn’t “research the market,” apply for patents or trademarks, assemble focus groups, or do any of the other things that entrepreneurs are 71 to do. He just built a cool product quickly and 72 it. And Facebook was born.2. Keep it simple.Many companies get so obsessed with all the amazing 73 they want to build into their products that they make their products too complex for anyone to figure out how to use them. The Facebook team kept improving the designof the product, however, each time, they made sure that the service was still 74 to use.3. Make your primary focus the product, not the “business” or “shareholder value.”Mark Zuckerberg was famously 75 in Facebook’s business in t he early days. In fact, he focused all of his energy on Facebook’s product. This product obsession went so far that Zuckerberg continually76 advertising clients, because he didn’t want ads to mess up the service. As Facebook grew, Zuckerberg77 his focus on the product. When Facebook was preparing to go public, Zuckerberg wrote a letter to shareholders in which he stated the company’s intention to focus on its “social mission” first and its business second, wishing them to78 with him in that regard.4. Get really really good at hiring… and really really good at firing.The 79 of a company has nothing to do with its technology or current products. It has more to do with its people. And building a great team means two things: hiring well, and firing well. It’s easy to understand how to hire well. Firing well is also 80 . A hiring mistake is unavoidable. In Facebook’s early days, the company made lots of hiring mistakes, but it 81 them quickly. 82 , if your company is growing rapidly, it will eventually outgrow some of your early executives---and you’ll need to replace them.68 A. apply B. relate C. attach D. persist69 A. pattern B. version C. outline D. variety70. A. presently B. hastily C. endlessly D. eventually71.A. Intended B. supposed C. trained D urged72.A. Pushed B. provided C. granted D. launched73 A.Features B. operation C. skills D. objects74 A. Difficult B. easy C. feasible D. accessible75.A. Fascinated B. absorbed C. hesitant D. uninterested76.A. called in B. sent for C. asked after D. turned away77.A. Switched B. lasted C. maintained D. extended78.A. Identity B . sympathize C. involve D. permit79. A. admiration B. outcome C. strength D. purpose80. A. efficient. B. critical C. upright D. cruel81. A. Addressed B. dealt C. repaired D. corrected82. A. In short B. In addition C. Even though D. As a resultSection BDirections : Read the following four passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )Film has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed, and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in writing. The screenplay requires so much" filling in" by our imagination that we cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered.Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the fact that we do not generally "read" films does not mean we should ignore the principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature andfilms do share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to look into the elements that film shares with any good story.Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial process, for the elements of any art form. never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for example, to isolate plot from character: Events influence people, and people influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmenting technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or their relationship to the whole.83 What is mainly discussed in the text？A．The uniqueness of film. B．The importance of film analysis.C．How to identify the techniques a film uses. D．The relationship between film analysis and literary analysis.84. Why is it not handy to study film?A．Because screenplay is not as well written as literary works.B．Because a film cannot be effectively represented by a printed screenplay.C．Because a film is too complicated. D．Because publishers prefer to publish literary works.85. From the third paragraph we learn that .A．the means by which we analyze a literary work cannot be applied to the analysis of the filmB．a good film and a good story have many elements in commonC．we should not pay extra effort to study filmsD．using the principles of literary analysis makes no difference in film analysis86. Why can't we divide film into various elements for analysis?A．Because these elements are interwoven with each other and cannot keep be separated without failing to appreciate a film as a whole.B．Because films cannot be written down and it is inconvenient to analyse them.C．Because films elements are too complicated. D．Because films need not to be analysed in detail.(B)All aboard: try these outHere are new card games popular in the Western geek circle that offer much brain work. Give them a try if you fancy testing your limits.MysteriumIn this game, the players are to solve a murder mystery in order to put rest the soul of a wrongly-accused man who dies in prison.Mysterium allows one player to be the ghost itself, who offers hints to other pla yers in the way of “dream cards”. The dream cards will then lead players to the cards with details about the murder weapon, location and suspects. Figuring out the connections between these elements will help them find the murderer.Playing the ghost can b e fun, as Tony Mastrangeli, a game reviewer, puts it, “For me, some of the most fun comes from playing the ghost role. I like steering the ship and handing out cards.”CodenamesCodenames starts players out with cards. Each card bears a word on the front and a secret identity on the reverse. Players are divided into two teams, red team and blue team. Each team has a leader, or “spymaster”, who owns a map of each hidden identity. It’s then their job to give out clues so the team members can find the ir own spies.Spymasters can only indicate the word on the card following a strict format: a single word followed by a number. For example, if the cards bearing “cactus (仙人掌)” and “heat” both belong to the red team, the clue can be “desert, two”. The red team members will then start discussing the clues and try to find the two cards that relate to “desert”.Pandemic: LegacyIn this game, you and your friends play a team of doctors and scientists, who can help to prevent four deadly diseases from wiping out humanity. This is a cooperative game, which means you and your teammates either live together or die together.By drawing an instruction card, teammates will be able to move, treat diseases or build a research station. If they draw one of the five “epidemic” (流行病) cards, the city will suffer a disease outbreak. If handled wrong, outbreaks might lead to a chain reaction and cause things to crash down.Pandemic: Legacy requires you to look at the bigger picture before making any decisions. Finding the balance between treating diseases and seeking more permanent cures is a constant challenge.87.Playing the ghost in Mysteriumoffers you a lot of fun becauseA. you can bring the poor man back to lifeB. you can solve the murder mystery by yourselfC. you can dominate the whole gameD. you can select your partners88. In Codenames, what clue may the Spymaster give for the cards bearing “agency”, “climate” and“fountain”?A. “architecture, 3”B. “tourism,3”C. “location, 3”D. “geology, 3”89.. Which of the following is NOT true about Pandemic: Legacy?A.It’s a role-play game.B. Its players need to beat one another.C. It provides fun and mental challenge.D. It calls for carefulness and comprehensive thinking to win the challenge.(C)In 1851, Auguste Comte, the French philosopher and father of sociology, coined the new word altruism as part of a drive to create a non-religious religion based on scientific principles. He defined it as “intentional action for the welfare of others that involves at least the possibility of either no benefit or a loss to the actor”. At that time, studies of animal behavior and phrenology（颅相学）led him to locate egotistical（自我本位的）instincts at the back of the brain, altruistic ones at the front.Today, we have a far more sophisticated knowledge of the neurological（神经学的）and biochemical factors that underpin kind behavior. And this science forms the bases of two books aimed at general readers—but also at those who, despite the research, still doubt the existence of altruism.However, the books may end up providing more information for those who are doubtful. Take The Altruistic Brain by neuroscientist Donald Pfaff. On solid scientific ground, he builds a five-step theory of how altruism occurs, which depends on an idea that is unconvincing and may achieve the opposite result. Pfaff argues that to act altruistically you should first visualize the receiver of your good will, then mentally transfor m their image into your own, “from angle to angle and curve to curve”. Does it really work?At the core of evolutionary biologist David Sloan Wilson’s Does Altruism Exist? is another contentious（有争议的）idea: altruism has evolved as the result of group selection. But Wilson argues his corner masterfully, providing a clever reply to the belief that natural selection occurs only at the level of the selfish gene: “Selfishness beats altruism within groups. Altruistic groups beat selfish groups,” he says.In other words, we cooperate when doing so gives our team the advantage. That doesn’t sound very selfless either. Wilson acknowledges this, but argues that thoughts and feelings are less important than actions. According to evolutionary theory, pure altruists do ex ist, but it doesn’t matter why people choose to help others—their reasons may be difficult even for themselves to understand. What matters is that humans can coordinate their activities in just the right way to achieve common goals. Other animals do this t oo, but we are masters. “Teamwork is the signature adaptation of our species,” he says.Pfaff goes further, insisting that our brain biology “urges us to be kind”. He believes this knowledge alone will inspire individuals to be more altruistic. His desire to create a better world is admirable and some of his ideas are interesting, but Wilson’s analysis is clearer.While it is in our nature to be altruistic, Wilson says, we also have a healthy regard for self-interest and a resistance to being pushed around. Which one comes to the fore depends on the environment in which we find ourselves. Ethics, he says, cannot be taught at individual level, but are “a property of the whole system”.90. Which of the following can be considered an altruistic behaviour accord ing to Comte’s definition?A. A person offers to donate his liver to another who needs one.B. A clerk returns the umbrella to his colleague which he has kept for a long time.C. A student volunteers to wok in the orphanage to collect data for his research.D. A police officer spots a car parking in the no-parking area, finding a child in the trunk.91. What does Donald Pfaff think people should do in order to behave altruistically?A. Draw a picture of the person they are going to help.B. Transform the receiver into a kind person.C. Visualize what they are going to do in mind first.D. Imagine they themselves are to be helped.92. Which of the following statements is David Sloan most likely to agree with in his book?A. Being kind is not something people are born with.B. People in groups are less likely to be selfish.C. People may well act selflessly because of where they are.D. Most people know clearly why they are ready to help others.93. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Figuring out what makes us behave selflessly is a tricky business.B. Unlike Donald Pfaff’s book, David Sloan’s book aims at professional readers.C. Comte’s definition of altruism proves to be impractical in modern times.D. Both Donald Pfaff and David Sloan lay emphasis on team work.(D)When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such matters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.94.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .A. attempt to continue the standardization of the languageB. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patternsC. be more concerned about language than its analysis or historyD. be more aware of the rules of the language usage95.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in line 4 of parag raph 2.A. Changes in the forms of words.B. Changes in sentence structures.C. Changes in spelling rules.D. Words that have similar meanings.96.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.97. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .A. historianB. philosopherC. anthropologistD. linguist98.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?A. The history of the English language.B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.C. Our changing language.D. Some characteristics of modern English.第II 卷Section ADirections : Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given word.1. Being ( finance) independent means exactly what it says: You are not dependent on anyone or anything to pay your bills .2.It started as a hobby but now he is freelancing full time offering art direction, graphic design and ( illustrate).3. At last, the board drew the conclusion that the company ( prefer ) to run the risk of developing new products rather than go on producing the products that can’t meet the demands of the new market.4. Your presentation may include the ( describe) of the comic strip and the idea you want to express through the picture.5. Although the digital revolution has brought new life to the making of cartoons and comic strips, many people still believe the traditional hand-drawn works are ( replace) .6. The President must have the ability to tell who is a (rely) source of information and who is not .7. Although at first Japan didn’t leave a deep ( impress) on me, I was gradually attracted by its culture and decided to stay there fore another two months after graduation.8. As usual, Tom gets up at 6 o’clock, and spends at least 10 hours in c oping with various subjects and goes home by the moon and stars ( company) ---- a typical day for a high school student!9. Contrary to our (expect) , the final examination turned out to be a piece of cake.10. He is popular with his peers, for he has a lively sense of humor and appears (nature) confident. Section BDirections : After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. Use one word that best fits each blank.The word taboo comes from the Tongan language and is used in modern English to describe verbal and nonverbal behavior that is forbidden or to be avoided. (11) what some may think, taboos are not universal. They tend to be specific to a culture or country, and usually form around a group’s values and beliefs.(12) is considered acceptable behavior in one country my be a serious taboo in another. Therefore, (13) you travel to another country , on business or vacation, it is helpful to learn some of that country’s customs (14)you don’t insult the local people.Verbal taboos usually involve topics (15) people believe are too private to talk about publicly , or release to one’s manner of speaking. In many cultures, for example, it is considered bad manners to discuss subjects (16) sex or religion in public. In some countries, the volume of one’s voice may annoy people.Nonverbal taboos usually relate to body languages. One of the biggest difference among many Western Asian, and African cultures is the use of eye contact. In the USA, people make eye contact when talking to others. If a person avoids eye contact, others might think they are being honest or (17) they lack confidence. In many Asian and African cultures , however, children are taught to lower their eyes when talking to their elders, or (18) of higher rank, as a way to show respect.Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings depending on (19) you are. For example, Crossing your middles finger over your forefinger is the sign for good luck in many western countries, in Vietnam and Argentina, however, it is an unsuitable gesture.Behavior that is acceptable and non-offensive in one culture can be highly offensive in another. When visiting a foreign country, be aware of some of the basic differences, (20) will help to ensure a more enjoyable trip. Section CDirections : Complete the following sentences with the help of the Chinese given.21.The reason why many people choose to raise dogs is that dogs can(陪伴他们帮助他们克服孤独感).22. At the exhibition, the company’s (安排了一位销售经理展示新产品).23. By the end of last semester, all the examination rooms _(配备了摄像头阻止学生作弊).24. People are encouraged ( 用纸袋子代替塑料袋replace) for the sake of environmental protection.25. (随着期末考试的临近, draw), almost all the students are busy reviewing the lessons and some have to burn the night oil.26. To his disappointment, he didn’t get the job offer (因为缺少足够的工作经验)。

上海交大附中高一化学联考试题含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 将40克NaOH溶于水中，配制成1L溶液，则该溶液的物质量的浓度为A.0.1mol/LB. 0.5mol/LC. 4mol/LD. 1mol/L参考答案：D略2. NaN3＋KNO3→N2↑＋K2O＋Na2O此方程式是汽车剧烈碰撞时，安全气囊中发生的反应。

对上述反应的描述错误的是( )A. NaN3是还原剂，KNO3是氧化剂B. 该反应中有一种元素的化合价发生变化C. 若生成8 mol N2，则转移电子的物质的量为5 molD. 配平后物质的系数依次为10、2、1、5、16参考答案：D根据方程式NaN3＋KNO3→N2↑＋K2O＋Na2O可知NaN3中N元素化合价由-1313价升高到0价，KNO3中N元素化合价由+5价降低到0价，根据电子得失守恒和质量守恒配平可得方程式为：10NaN3+2KNO3 = K2O+5Na2O+16N2↑。

A、根据方程式可知NaN3中氮元素的化合价-1/3价升高到0价失去电子，因此NaN3是还原剂，KNO3中氮元素的化合价从+5价降低到0价得到电子，因此KNO3是氧化剂，选项A正确；B、该反应中只有氮元素的化合价发生变化，选项B正确；C、按照反应，10NaN3+2KNO3 = 16N2↑+K2O+5Na2O，硝酸钾中氮元素的化合价+5价降低0价，得到5个电子，因此若1mol KNO3参加反应，转移电子的物质的量为5mol，生成8 mol N2，选项C正确；D、配平后的反应为：10NaN3+2KNO3 = 16N2↑+K2O+5Na2O，即系数依次为：10、2、16、1、5，选项D错误。

答案选D。

点睛：本题考查氧化还原反应知识，侧重于氧化还原反应的计算，注意根据化合价的变化结合方程式判断氧化产物和还原产物的物质的量关系为解答该题的关键。