1995-2014全国实际利用外商投资

浅谈改革开放以来外商在华直接投资的经济效用摘要：第二次世界大战后，国际投资日益频繁、投资流量增大，规模迅速扩大，其增长速度超过了全球工业生产和国际贸易的增长速度。

这一现象引起了国际经济理论界广泛的关注。

改革开放以来，中国在利用外商直接投资方面不断取得突破，引资额已连续十一年位居发展中国家的首位。

本文通过对改革开放30年外商在华直接投资发展历程的重点梳理，总结经验的同时研究外商在华直接投资发展中存在的问题，并通过历史比较对改革开放以来外商在华直接投资在我国经济高速发展期作用得出综合评述。

关键词：改革开放直接投资历程经济效用从1978年开始的中国改革开放，是20世纪70年代以来世界历史上最重大、最壮观、最为世人瞩目的事件之一。

经过三十多年的发展，中国作为独立运行经济个体，其经济国际化程度大大提高，已经成为世界经济的重要组成部分。

我国拥有庞大的国内市场、优越劳动力和自然资源条件、令世界注目的经济增长速度以及稳定的政治环境，吸引外商在华直接投资数量逐年增加。

外商在华直接投资从无到有，规模从小到大，已然形成全方位、多层次、宽领域的开放发展新格局，对中国经济发展产生了重大而深远的影响。

一、外商在华直接投资历程回顾第一阶段（1978-1987）外商在华投资起步阶段。

中国改革开放之初，对外商直接投资缺乏相对的了解。

此时的利用外资多停留在试用探索阶段。

数量相对较少，截止1987年底，共有10528家外商投资企业在华设立，实际利用外资额仅为106.18亿美元。

这些投资主要投向于投资少、见效快的第三产业，并且投资主体多为中小型制造、服务和房地产开发企业。

第二阶段（1988-1995）中国利用外资的发展阶段。

1992年邓小平同志南方讲话，进一步明确我国市场经济的改革目标。

我国经过10多年的改革开放，经济基础设施建设水平、国内市场经济运行机制有了明显的改善，直接激发了外商在华直接投资的热情。

1988-1995年共批准外商投资项目248735个，实际利用外资1242.5亿美元。

指标名称外商投资企业:投资总额:北京外商投资企业:投资总额:天津单位亿美元亿美元来源国家统计局国家统计局更新时间2014-10-202014-10-201994243.7895.83 1995288.20169.44 1996299.29192.93 1997319.66221.80 1998326.08236.63 1999393.34294.12 2000402.46330.86 2001429.25341.54 2002454.95365.29 2003463.28415.55 2004531.62470.45 2005606.70567.70 2006697.00686.00 2007876.21828.88 2008982.95938.14 20091,066.08977.20 20101,192.061,096.24 20111,343.641,148.06 20121,493.551,189.13 20131,771.051,274.23数据来源:Wind资讯外商投资企业:投资总额:河北外商投资企业:投资总额:山西外商投资企业:投资总额:内蒙古亿美元亿美元亿美元国家统计局国家统计局国家统计局2014-10-202014-10-202014-10-2094.5927.9717.34122.7824.0419.87153.3840.3623.07160.2944.3423.10152.2336.9421.78145.8347.0522.68140.1048.2725.36147.8449.3522.17154.7757.6924.23175.1961.1938.36200.5769.13108.11219.3077.10126.40247.00111.00148.00291.13177.87171.48338.41180.00221.55370.40204.97239.94403.48229.29232.43457.00318.99255.19489.60319.63258.02545.42341.82229.11外商投资企业:投资总额:辽宁外商投资企业:投资总额:吉林外商投资企业:投资总额:黑龙江亿美元亿美元亿美元国家统计局国家统计局国家统计局2014-10-202014-10-202014-10-20228.5139.2276.25280.7947.9385.54325.3162.3999.13378.7168.6098.86428.0872.5399.25430.8672.5790.49655.4376.6183.44637.9780.9876.50664.08179.1274.68735.01182.6581.23679.15193.5194.66815.00207.10109.80945.00308.00137.00 1,087.67313.34144.891,247.56174.89161.701,317.83192.69180.511,476.15222.59196.171,659.69232.53209.411,855.64238.90222.471,832.07317.79227.94外商投资企业:投资总额:上海外商投资企业:投资总额:江苏外商投资企业:投资总额:浙江亿美元亿美元亿美元国家统计局国家统计局国家统计局2014-10-202014-10-202014-10-20441.90405.56181.82677.29532.31243.71794.86672.56265.62867.54691.59270.92917.65717.30277.27907.34729.09274.86985.40750.04293.13 1,126.88920.01340.641,279.641,254.84432.021,508.161,500.14612.261,721.882,169.81834.322,006.702,657.201,019.102,255.003,243.001,257.002,570.323,820.301,456.582,939.914,159.301,582.553,084.294,443.951,639.973,393.855,081.061,832.333,773.535,728.512,019.194,137.686,250.002,178.104,579.336,663.762,404.08外商投资企业:投资总额:安徽外商投资企业:投资总额:福建外商投资企业:投资总额:江西亿美元亿美元亿美元国家统计局国家统计局国家统计局2014-10-202014-10-202014-10-2043.55282.5443.9661.03367.1549.8282.26442.7752.6490.11474.1457.6687.13478.9356.6090.61494.2348.5391.44470.8468.7692.08512.6073.7996.22594.0098.69116.44661.18136.67129.38688.77163.26154.80753.30184.90183.00878.00232.00237.551,027.06289.69254.651,121.29334.85279.061,174.51369.15303.241,248.31439.17328.841,368.98490.81399.621,457.44538.57416.121,565.16587.70外商投资企业:投资总额:山东外商投资企业:投资总额:河南外商投资企业:投资总额:湖北亿美元亿美元亿美元国家统计局国家统计局国家统计局2014-10-202014-10-202014-10-20296.5073.35103.77374.2589.54136.49417.2097.29156.76428.95124.83170.74393.04121.94171.52381.45119.52162.90389.50113.59166.70425.16100.73141.43470.87118.16158.54596.62126.28176.76694.10148.61226.94786.20206.40257.80885.00233.00280.00963.11256.56313.45 1,011.63293.05340.301,119.89346.58377.191,245.23378.66428.641,433.74423.53518.961,581.14463.41582.741,764.91477.87653.57外商投资企业:投资总额:湖南外商投资企业:投资总额:广东外商投资企业:投资总额:广西亿美元亿美元亿美元国家统计局国家统计局国家统计局2014-10-202014-10-202014-10-2058.601,658.93125.6870.022,046.27134.5374.002,151.67117.9474.532,171.17118.3578.092,217.36119.7272.142,152.39108.9073.062,165.10108.5065.672,218.23102.4686.812,363.54104.44102.142,412.62104.48119.082,609.57126.78158.202,889.20147.10213.003,143.00180.00243.243,507.05219.08266.223,726.46258.26279.633,939.31271.98324.064,212.60279.73349.584,524.66299.42383.814,786.45311.43404.865,126.40319.27外商投资企业:投资总额:海南外商投资企业:投资总额:重庆外商投资企业:投资总额:四川亿美元亿美元亿美元国家统计局国家统计局国家统计局2014-10-202014-10-202014-10-20153.60107.51211.37126.80220.18141.57223.91100.1922.65228.0466.3096.27231.5372.61100.43234.3666.04101.07214.9670.27109.3998.5168.93119.9889.0065.47136.3286.3372.45139.8292.0080.30166.00118.0093.00199.00941.02197.74268.68966.59238.48421.13903.36278.00461.21258.86348.85543.83220.66451.94574.19270.72536.94640.45269.94588.41724.90外商投资企业:投资总额:贵州外商投资企业:投资总额:云南外商投资企业:投资总额:西藏亿美元亿美元亿美元国家统计局国家统计局国家统计局2014-10-202014-10-202014-10-2017.7120.45 1.9319.6928.73 2.0320.4133.2056.0636.8064.41 2.3923.9441.83 2.8420.0643.64 2.5614.9348.19 3.3515.9953.77 3.4318.9160.55 3.4921.0073.09 3.5922.3478.92 3.3123.4084.20 3.5026.00107.00 4.0027.97118.33 5.0932.15141.06 5.5035.65158.94 6.3641.32179.49 5.3456.81206.417.2676.70225.6111.31118.56240.9713.11外商投资企业:投资总额:陕西外商投资企业:投资总额:甘肃外商投资企业:投资总额:青海亿美元亿美元亿美元国家统计局国家统计局国家统计局2014-10-202014-10-202014-10-2037.6111.470.9345.9516.37 1.432.3718.03 1.9119.85 2.44 5.0668.5118.23 4.0176.9618.278.8083.2225.65 5.7795.9624.64 6.48106.2521.667.00116.0021.647.86124.6330.599.59137.0031.607.00149.0028.0020.00164.7430.6424.26136.9238.2733.11162.0449.2028.36180.4462.8923.49198.8863.9431.44311.3069.7928.29366.2965.1029.81外商投资企业:投资总额:宁夏外商投资企业:投资总额:新疆亿美元亿美元国家统计局国家统计局2014-10-202014-10-203.7512.664.3014.214.7814.1815.1357.805.7915.198.1912.779.4011.4310.6211.2022.6011.4438.8412.5140.6714.4844.5518.5044.0026.0021.8330.9024.4945.6025.2947.7739.6452.2943.9956.0230.9866.5535.3764.53。

全年对外投资约1400亿美元，超过利用外资200亿美元沈丹阳表示，2014年我国共实现全行业对外投资1160亿美元,如果加上第三地融资再投资，2014年我国的对外投资规模应该在1400亿美元左右。

这个数据大约高于中国利用外资200亿美元，就是说2014年我国的实际对外投资已经超过利用外资的规模了,中国已经成为资本的净输出国。

当前，中国企业对外投资是深受世界各国欢迎的，像美国、欧盟、日本这样的发达经济体，像俄罗斯、巴西、南非这样的新兴经济体，以及一些不发达经济体，都非常欢迎中国企业到他们那里去投资。

同时，中国企业也有对外投资的积极性，或者说有市场动力，加上中国政府积极鼓励企业“走出去”对外投资的政策支持，因此中国对外投资增长的基本面是好的，高速增长也是在预期之内的。

与吸引外资相比，我们估计今后几年对外投资的增速可能还是要更快一些。

当然我们也要看到中国的对外直接投资起步比较晚，总体上还算是在起步阶段，投资的总规模或者说投资的存量比起美国、欧盟、日本等这些发达国家，我们还是规模比较小的。

这也说明在引导和推动中国企业更好的开展对外投资合作方面还有很多工作需要做。

下一步商务部将深化对外投资合作管理制度的改革，加强事前规划引导和公共服务，加强事后监管保障和风险应对，继续提高便利化水平，为企业营造更加宽松的外部环境。

同时也将进一步推进确立企业对外投资的主体地位，更多释放企业境外投资的活力。

三力并举，推动中国对外投资快速发展中国对外投资应该有三个“力”在共同推进。

第一个“力”是动力，就是企业自身有对外投资的市场动力。

第二个“力”是引力，无论是发达国家、发展中国家还是新兴经济体都欢迎中国企业到他们那里投资。

中国政府只是加了一个推力，所以不能说这又是什么计划，“马歇尔计划”毕竟是政府强力推进的一件事情，而我们是“三力并举”。

2014年中国企业对外投资统计基本情况,2014年，我国境内投资者共对全球156个国家和地区的6128家境外企业进行了直接投资，累计实现非金融类对外直接投资6320.5亿元人民币。

论述我国吸引外资经历的四个阶段发展(一)1改革开放前期和初期我国的经济形势改革开放以前，我国经济建设相当封闭，基本没有对外投资和外资引入，封闭的经济环境束缚了经济的健康发展，改革开放实施之初，我国面临着严峻的经济形势：改革开放初期，我国人均收入和储蓄不足。

1978我国人均GDP仅381元，城乡居民的存款只有210.6亿元，过低的国内储蓄水平制约了投资水平的扩大，这样就陷入了一个恶性循环，即过低的人均收入造成了过低的储蓄和投资，从而导致资本积累的低速度，不可避免的发生低生产率水平，而低生产率水平又会降低人均收入。

这时，即使政府和企业有很大的投资欲望，但受到储蓄和人均收入水平的制约，经济建设缺乏必要的资金投入。

我国的外汇储备在上世纪90年代以前严重不足。

1978年我国的外汇储备仅1.67亿美元,在1980年甚至出现了负值，为-12.96亿美元,外汇储备在1990年代以前一直存在较大的波动，这一局面直至1991年才得到根本改善。

国家有限的外汇不足以支持经济发展所需要的设备、技术和产品的进口,阻碍了经济的发展。

改革开放初期，我国吸引外资的能力低下。

1979-1984年这5年里实际利用外资的总额仅181.87亿美元，不到1992年一年外资利用额。

虽然这一时期我国利用外资的数额有限，增幅较缓，但是增长的趋势很稳定。

2我国引入外资的必要性2.1资本是我国经济起飞的关键对于资本在经济增长中的作用很多经济学都做了大量的理论研究，哈罗德-多马模型是其中非常有影响力的一个理论。

在该模型的基础上，美国经济学家钱纳里的“双缺口”模型更进一步的为改革初期我国经济形势下实现经济的高速增长提供了一条有效的途径，成为我国吸引外国资本的流入的一个重要的理论基础。

这一理论的核心是在开放经济的条件下，一国的经济建设可以利用国内和国际两种储蓄资源，当国内的储蓄资源受到约束时，可以转向利用国际的储蓄资源来促进经济的增长。

Y=C+I+G+(X-M-X=I-S(假设其中，Y表示国民收入；C表示国内消费；I表示国内投资；G表示政府支出；X表示出口；M表示进口；S表示国民储蓄；T表示税收。

近十年我国利用外商直接投资状况的实证分析摘要：作为经济全球化进程中的一个极其重要的方面，外商直接投资已超过国际贸易，成为促进全球经济增长最活跃、最重要的因素。

特别是进入20世纪90年代之后，外商直接投资已逐渐成为发展中国家资本渗入的主要形式，我国也在近几年超过美国成为外商直接投资的最大接收国。

本文利用理论与实证对外商直接投资在我国的分布进行了分析，并提出了一些结论和建议。

关键词：外商直接投资；经济发展；协调策略一、引言外国直接投资作为生产国际化和国际分工进一步深化的一种重要方式,日益成为全球最重要的经济力量之一。

外商直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment. FDI）也叫国际直接投资，它是以控制经营管理权为核心，以获取利润为目的一种国际投资基本形式。

近年来我国经济迅速发展，GDP指数逐年攀高，外国投资者越来越倾向于来华投资。

中国的外商直接投资，不仅决定了近一半的进出口贸易总额，储备资产的增减和国际收支的平衡，也直接影响着中国各个领域的发展。

目前，我国实际吸收的FDI存量已突破5000亿美元，远远超过其他国家，成为世界最大的FDI流入国。

FDI已经成为影响我国经济增长、就业、技术进步的重要因素。

二、我国利用外资的总体趋势本表为2000—2011 年的年度数据，相关数据根据近十年《中国统计年鉴》经计算整体所得。

据外资快报统计，2011年1-4月，全国新批设立外商投资企业8152家，同比增长8.61%；实际使用外资金额388.03亿美元，同比增长26.03%。

到2011年四月累计外商直接投资逾1445.38亿美元，已连续18年居发展中国家之首；2011年1-3月份，对华投资前十位国家/地区（以实际投入外资金额计）依次为：香港（196.87亿美元）、台湾省（19.15亿美元）、日本（18.31亿美元）、新加坡（14.94亿美元）、美国（8.12亿美元）、英国（6.93亿美元）、韩国（5.09亿美元）、德国（3.61亿美元）法国（2.28亿美元）和荷兰（1.73亿美元），前十位国家/地区实际投入外资金额占全国实际使用外资金额的91.31%。

按新的地区划1995已经调整19961997地区投资总额国有非国有外资总额国有非国有外资投资总额国有非国有外资北京 864.9518.3108.2238.4889.7541.7113.9234.1989.7600.7130.5258.5天津 396.6245.887.163.7438.5257.6108.572.4500.7279.1107.7113.9河北 907.8411.0439.757.01182.6507.2602.473.01426.0641.7694.689.7上海 1597.9935.9453.7208.31996.91040.4616.3340.21981.51151.1462.9367.5江苏 1764.8583.6948.7232.41963.1697.8947.3318.02175.0783.11031.8360.1浙江 1482.6440.1937.1105.41611.4529.2940.3142.01608.6547.2914.4147.0福建 683.0306.7221.6154.7779.8323.2256.8199.8880.9368.6292.1220.1山东 1308.6599.8591.7117.21528.5681.9714.8131.81742.5767.7844.2130.6广东 2315.81108.8754.3452.82363.21092.5740.9529.72291.11054.3727.8509.0海南 182.186.543.252.5181.082.445.053.6161.575.559.027.0辽宁 865.5585.0167.3113.2881.7544.7217.3119.8986.6573.8266.1146.7吉林 320.3210.669.140.6363.0254.071.038.0361.2223.492.245.5黑龙江 517.6380.1120.816.7568.6427.6116.424.7669.9531.0109.029.9山西 270.6205.457.28.0311.8232.272.47.2376.7280.476.320.0江西 282.5157.9112.811.8317.3176.9127.612.9329.5199.1117.812.5安徽 476.1266.2188.321.7609.8295.0287.327.5677.9283.4353.940.6河南 783.1437.8282.163.21039.4499.1476.663.71209.5555.1597.856.6湖北 785.1496.7196.292.2935.2558.4261.0115.81023.5542.0352.1129.4湖南 523.0298.4193.730.9684.1355.2296.632.3667.4333.0302.731.7内蒙古 251.3191.155.0 5.2262.1197.961.0 3.2278.7197.378.7 2.7广西 403.2216.3146.040.9476.4236.1205.734.6479.8222.8221.535.5重庆 375.6176.3166.333.0四川 901.4515.6340.745.11113.2579.7466.067.6926.3514.9376.335.2贵州 161.8107.648.3 6.0193.6131.654.87.1222.3141.871.98.6云南 390.5256.6115.918.0456.3279.8152.324.2538.6341.5179.217.9西藏 35.134.30.90.029.428.2 1.20.034.531.6 2.90.0陕西 310.2200.396.413.5343.7223.5110.210.0393.2239.7147.3 6.2甘肃 145.8106.333.8 5.6207.0144.545.217.2242.1170.060.611.5青海 53.144.68.40.177.764.411.6 1.788.472.415.0 1.1宁夏 62.243.416.9 1.872.155.314.1 2.785.866.018.5 1.3新疆 332.0262.757.212.1388.7312.668.77.4447.0363.479.9 3.7不分地区645.0645.0708.5705.7 2.8769.5764.0 5.5合计20019.310898.36892.02228.922974.012056.28205.72712.124941.113091.78956.42893.0199519961997地区投资总额国有非国有外资总额国有非国有外资投资总额国有非国有外资19374.310253.36892.02228.922265.511350.68202.92712.124171.712327.78950.92893.0东部地区11504.05236.54585.11682.412934.65753.95086.12094.613757.36268.95265.02223.4中部地区3120.51862.51030.3227.83897.72116.81521.4259.54284.42193.01800.6290.9西部地区3046.51978.8919.4148.33620.02253.71190.9175.54112.32537.71418.1156.5东北1703.41175.6357.3170.51813.31226.2404.6182.52017.71328.2467.3222.2不分地区644.98644.98708.5705.68 2.83769.45764 5.45019981999已调20002001投资总额国有非国有外资投资总额国有非国有外资投资总额国有非国有外资投资总额1124.6721.8152.3250.51171.2741.4231.7198.11280.5758.1333.4189.11513.3 571.1302.3135.1133.7576.5329.9171.275.3610.9255.5259.496.1705.0 1591.8726.9780.684.21770.5811.5880.079.01816.8827.7907.281.91912.5 1966.41088.7471.3406.41855.8986.8501.3367.71869.4826.8735.9306.72004.6 2450.4969.41033.3447.62441.91052.81042.4346.72570.01137.91144.7287.32823.2 1801.7654.01017.3130.41958.1743.91148.266.02350.0875.71380.194.22834.9 1053.0429.6383.9239.51084.7427.7423.0233.91112.2407.2448.9256.11172.9 1935.6930.4869.5135.62220.61052.61075.592.52531.11167.91260.9102.32788.7 2644.11152.4995.8495.92937.01226.61095.7614.73145.11260.81327.2557.13484.4 173.482.065.725.7194.883.487.823.6198.983.191.424.4213.3 1057.7651.2303.0103.51119.5663.0372.983.61267.7649.4491.6126.61421.2 431.8262.6130.438.7500.0300.1174.325.6603.5318.5249.235.8701.7 770.1610.2141.218.7751.7567.3171.912.5832.6452.5366.813.4963.6 454.9329.994.230.8477.6319.5110.947.2548.2347.2157.743.2663.6 400.6243.2139.717.7454.4250.6187.316.6516.1279.8217.918.4631.8 722.6330.0356.935.6703.5343.6305.754.2804.0428.8328.247.0893.4 1289.7653.1579.756.91206.8659.3506.041.51377.7728.6609.539.71544.1 1156.8627.5413.6115.61239.1708.9468.961.41339.2762.2516.560.51486.5 796.9405.3367.224.4883.9463.7395.424.91012.2520.1453.838.41174.3 316.8204.2108.1 4.4348.2215.5130.6 2.2423.6263.0156.5 4.1503.6 562.3276.6242.443.3578.8300.1236.841.9583.3314.8240.328.2655.6 493.0259.6193.240.2525.3263.4226.535.3572.6268.8271.832.0697.0 1145.3666.9440.637.91224.4652.6527.844.01418.0667.3699.751.11617.5 278.4178.191.98.5311.9199.0106.6 6.4397.0247.7143.1 6.2536.0 660.4438.6203.218.7664.0439.0205.819.2684.0437.3224.921.8738.441.338.6 2.40.353.651.1 2.50.064.161.4 2.40.283.3517.6355.6148.413.6587.8377.6197.312.9653.7428.8210.414.4773.4 301.5216.575.39.6355.5246.797.211.6395.4277.8110.07.6460.4 108.887.219.2 2.4117.291.522.9 2.7151.196.152.8 2.3196.3 106.875.929.6 1.3128.178.546.4 3.2157.597.957.7 2.0191.1 514.8434.677.5 2.7526.7418.6101.07.1610.4329.4262.518.5706.0 966.4966.4886.1881.9 4.21021.0926.494.61121.6 28406.315369.310062.82974.229854.715947.811255.62651.532917.716504.413807.02606.337213.51998199920002001投资总额国有非国有外资投资总额国有非国有外资投资总额国有非国有外资投资总额27439.814402.910062.82974.228968.615065.811251.42651.531896.715578.113712.42606.336091.9 15312.07057.55905.02349.516210.87456.66656.92097.417484.87600.77889.01995.119453.0 4821.52589.11951.4280.94965.42745.41974.1245.95597.43066.62283.6247.26393.7 5046.83232.21631.8182.85421.33333.61901.3186.56110.73490.32432.2188.27158.8 2259.51524.0574.6160.92371.21530.3719.1121.82703.81420.41107.6175.83086.5 966.42966.4200886.1881.94 4.1601021926.3894.6201121.606已调200220032004国有非国有外资投资总额国有非国有外资总计国有非国有外资总计国有经济744.9580.0188.51796.1762.7821.5212.02169.3728.91163.5276.82528.2734.4 248.8285.7170.5807.5320.0354.3133.21039.4472.2461.9105.31245.7484.0 776.01074.262.42020.4724.01242.354.02478.0831.41501.2145.43218.81030.8 760.6911.0333.12213.7720.61149.0344.12499.1785.51271.5442.23050.3909.3 1219.71319.7283.83450.11422.11645.7382.45233.01998.22517.8717.06557.12003.2 1029.61659.2146.13477.51100.92223.8152.74740.31381.43072.6286.25781.41515.3 435.4467.6269.81253.1451.4499.0302.71496.4512.7653.5330.11892.9571.9 1175.31453.0160.43483.31211.22055.9216.25315.11595.63306.0413.56970.61750.2 1210.51523.8750.13850.81167.11841.1842.64813.21422.22254.91136.15870.01719.392.2104.716.5225.493.4117.714.4280.091.6151.037.4317.1100.4690.7600.7129.81605.6648.9813.2143.52076.4712.21189.0175.12979.6930.6 368.7300.532.5834.2349.8445.938.6969.0416.4505.347.31169.1456.4 531.8416.715.11046.2537.3488.520.51166.2573.6570.022.61430.8641.8 405.1219.938.5813.4415.7349.648.11100.9463.7617.819.41443.9556.8 331.3279.421.2889.0431.9403.553.61303.2596.4612.894.11713.2724.0 467.5392.433.51074.5513.5522.039.01418.7594.5767.556.81935.3716.5 763.1717.963.11725.9804.8847.873.32263.0941.61196.8124.53099.41092.8 819.2603.663.71605.1863.0658.883.31809.5823.8871.7114.02264.8927.9 582.2554.437.71348.0635.7659.752.61590.3695.1821.873.42072.6836.0 269.7224.49.5707.9365.6333.68.71174.7607.0552.714.91788.0871.0 349.0278.628.1750.3391.1327.232.1921.3442.4420.758.21236.5535.8 312.6341.143.3899.3382.2443.973.21161.5458.8638.264.51537.1617.8 727.6838.651.31902.7791.81062.948.02336.3873.01411.951.42818.41002.6 353.0175.57.6633.0416.2206.310.5748.1451.4283.313.4865.2504.2 464.4263.210.8814.6483.5313.817.31000.1528.6441.130.41291.5606.978.8 3.70.7106.692.913.70.0134.0125.88.20.0162.4137.0479.1278.216.1915.4528.7369.417.91200.7685.9490.624.21508.9810.6 299.8155.5 5.1526.2345.1173.37.9619.8377.2233.69.0733.9446.7 117.377.0 2.0232.4136.092.4 4.0255.6151.4100.7 3.6289.2149.0 119.469.7 2.0227.0129.793.5 3.7318.0152.3159.2 6.4376.2137.9 353.3346.9 5.8800.1392.3387.120.7973.4472.4485.615.41147.2519.2 1030.591.11464.91248.6962.2697.9264.31182.5987.3 17607.016607.82998.743499.918877.420956.33450.755566.621661.028996.84908.870477.425027.615198.85200220032004国有非国有外资投资总额国有非国有外资总计国有非国有外资总计国有经济16576.416516.82998.742035.017628.720956.33450.754604.420963.128732.54908.869294.924040.3 7692.99378.92381.222577.97973.311950.32654.330063.89819.716354.03890.137431.910818.8 3368.42767.6257.77455.83664.53441.4349.99485.54115.04888.3482.212529.14854.1 3924.03052.4182.48515.44455.03817.0244.010843.55326.25226.0291.413754.46338.7 1591.21317.9177.43486.01536.01747.5202.54211.61702.32264.3245.05579.52028.7 1030.53291.073901464.871248.6200962.2193697.8901264.329201182.51987.28200520062007非国有外资总计国有非国有外资总计内资国有非国有外资总计内资1403.2390.62827.2821.31571.0434.93296.42786.1829.71956.5510.23907.23290.4 581.8180.01495.1591.4692.5211.31820.51524.1559.6964.5296.42353.12007.1 1968.9219.14139.71215.52656.1268.15470.25175.21365.33809.9295.06884.76533.1 1322.3818.63509.71202.61707.2599.83900.03212.31266.41945.9687.74420.43691.2 3587.7966.18165.42043.64856.61265.110069.28312.42015.76296.71756.812268.19966.9 3834.6431.46520.11738.24191.2590.67590.26632.31812.74819.6957.98420.47344.8 887.4433.82316.7730.41110.2476.12981.82373.7921.31452.4608.14287.83555.8 4630.1590.39307.31674.56907.2725.611111.410145.81728.68417.2965.612537.711511.9 2794.71356.16977.91957.63343.31676.97973.46049.41877.14172.31924.09294.37034.1 156.160.6367.2159.7171.136.3423.9372.4148.1224.351.5502.4440.0 1772.6276.44200.41245.52520.8434.15689.65081.81479.23602.6607.97435.26607.9 603.3109.21741.1617.6994.8128.72594.32433.9786.91647.0160.43651.43450.6 754.035.11737.3784.1908.844.32236.02168.2915.81252.467.82833.52755.4 865.222.01826.6797.9989.039.72255.72196.2881.21315.059.62861.52756.0 872.6116.72176.6862.31174.8139.52683.62489.41062.51426.9194.23301.93027.7 1126.192.82525.1847.31521.0156.83533.63314.11039.42274.6219.55087.54791.9 1837.4169.34311.61311.32757.4243.05904.75626.31558.34068.0278.48010.17699.6 1180.0156.92676.6997.21473.9205.43343.53095.91277.11818.8247.64330.44020.0 1149.387.32629.1965.01554.4109.63175.53024.21085.71938.6151.34154.83961.4 880.136.92643.61233.51359.450.73363.23292.71263.02029.770.54372.94259.2 615.285.61661.2666.9862.1132.22198.72031.5675.21356.4167.22939.72694.2 814.3105.01933.2766.91048.5117.72407.42265.3720.11545.1142.13127.72898.4 1723.392.53585.21202.72237.8144.74412.94187.71573.02614.7225.25639.85267.6 344.916.3998.3537.7440.620.01197.41167.5538.8628.729.91488.81455.4 654.830.01777.6815.3921.341.02208.62182.51072.11110.326.12759.02712.225.20.1181.4146.934.20.3231.1230.9156.874.20.2270.3269.8663.734.51882.2990.9836.055.32480.72391.41186.21205.289.33415.03278.3 269.318.0870.4505.5334.230.71022.6991.2558.6432.631.41304.21280.7 131.39.0329.8155.5164.89.4408.5400.4196.7203.68.2482.8472.5 229.58.9443.3189.2239.214.8498.7489.1185.8303.29.7599.8588.5 609.218.71339.1557.9759.621.51567.11548.4674.5873.918.71850.81816.7 195.21677.91334.9343.01947.61947.61552.2395.42530.82530.8 38482.86967.888773.629666.950682.38424.4109998.299139.932963.466176.510858.3137324.0123970.1200520062007非国有外资总计国有非国有外资总计内资国有非国有外资总计内资38287.66967.887095.728332.050339.38424.4108050.697192.331411.265781.110858.3134793.2121439.3 21166.75446.645626.312134.927206.56284.954637.146583.812524.434059.48053.364876.155375.3 7030.5645.016145.65781.09470.5894.020896.619746.16904.212841.91150.527746.226256.6 6960.6455.517645.07768.99237.8638.321996.921178.68800.812377.7818.428250.826993.5 3129.8420.77678.82647.24424.4607.110520.09683.93181.86502.1836.113920.112813.9 195.21677.8981334.884343.01371947.5591947.5591552.165395.39402530.82530.820082009国有非国有外资总计内资国有非国有外资总计内资国有非国有外资1014.42276.0616.83814.73381.01019.22361.9433.74616.94176.71546.72630.0440.3 770.11237.1346.03389.83026.91132.41894.5362.94738.24355.51760.02595.5382.7 1496.55036.7351.58866.68389.71698.06691.7476.812269.811838.02630.59207.5431.8 1553.02138.4729.24823.14035.32081.01954.3787.85043.84401.62368.82032.8642.1 1961.18005.92301.115300.612430.42326.510103.82870.218949.916268.13381.612886.52681.8 1850.75494.11075.79323.08148.72010.46138.31174.310742.39642.12545.67096.51100.3 1350.32205.5731.95207.74369.81691.12678.8837.96231.25380.52069.43311.1850.7 1723.99788.01025.915435.914345.22280.712064.51090.719034.517792.42884.314908.11242.1 1974.95059.02260.310868.78369.02358.46010.72499.712933.110770.03550.77219.42163.1 141.4298.762.3705.4583.8185.9397.9121.6988.3871.6324.5547.0116.7 1820.04788.0827.310019.18916.82224.06692.81102.312292.510888.72547.78341.11403.8 999.02451.5200.75038.94799.71273.33526.4239.36411.66170.21766.84403.4241.4 1153.01602.678.03656.03555.01528.32026.7100.95028.84891.92062.42829.5136.9 1003.81752.2105.53531.23424.21382.82041.4107.04943.24833.22272.82560.4110.0 1065.41962.3274.34745.44352.51232.33120.2392.96643.16116.01711.04405.0527.1 1452.33339.6295.66747.06363.61766.94596.6383.48990.78555.62422.96132.6435.2 1656.96042.8310.410490.610151.72061.78089.9339.013704.513413.02456.510956.6291.5 1588.12432.0310.35647.05308.41997.63310.8338.67866.97470.82619.24851.5396.1 1330.92630.5193.45534.05334.31704.63629.7199.87703.47506.52760.84745.6196.9 1704.62554.7113.65475.45304.72010.53294.2170.77336.87144.72831.04313.8192.1 880.11814.0245.43756.43485.81091.12394.6270.75237.24937.11647.83289.3300.2 877.62020.8229.43979.63677.01189.22487.8302.65214.34909.11736.53172.5305.2 1816.53451.1372.27127.86706.42409.54296.9421.411371.910958.44358.86599.6413.4 618.1837.333.41864.51814.4815.2999.250.12412.02338.11091.81246.373.9 1261.61450.746.83435.93344.11457.71886.491.84526.44403.52084.72318.8122.9 169.1100.60.6309.9307.7199.3108.5 2.2378.3378.0267.3110.70.3 1565.51712.8136.74614.44457.52011.52446.0156.96246.96058.92929.13129.9188.0 689.3591.423.41712.81684.3861.0823.328.52363.02321.51262.81058.741.5 201.2271.310.3583.2571.8255.5316.311.5798.2786.2395.7390.512.0 185.1403.311.2828.9818.6291.4527.110.31075.91060.4370.2690.215.5 690.41126.234.12260.02228.4903.11325.431.52725.52693.11254.91438.232.3 2141.7389.13734.93734.93254.8480.15779.75779.75779.738706.585264.213353.3172828.4157421.448704.9108716.515407.0224598.8209111.069692.5139418.515487.720082009国有非国有外资总计内资国有非国有外资总计内资国有非国有外资36564.884875.113353.3169093.5153686.545450.1108236.415407.0218819.1203331.463912.8139418.515487.7 13836.341539.49500.777735.567079.816783.550296.310655.795548.085496.423062.262434.210051.6 8097.418159.41489.536695.234934.610146.024788.51760.749851.847895.014243.233651.91956.8 10659.116334.21257.135948.834400.613495.020905.61548.249686.347989.020230.627758.41697.3 3972.08842.11106.018714.017271.55025.612245.91442.523732.921950.96376.915574.01782.0 2141.7389.13734.9263734.9263254.782480.14475779.75779.75779.70.00.02010总计内资国有非国有外资地区5403.05009.61253.43756.2393.4北京6278.15827.02455.53371.5451.1天津15083.414691.03478.211212.8392.3河北5108.94370.41830.42540.1738.5上海23184.320169.94054.116115.83014.4江苏12376.011233.92801.68432.31142.1浙江8199.17103.02496.84606.31096.1福建23280.521975.53394.018581.51305.0山东15623.713309.74399.18910.62314.0广东1317.01149.1345.9803.2168.0海南16043.014329.43463.210866.21713.6辽宁7870.47609.52214.05395.5260.9吉林6812.66648.52736.93911.6164.1黑龙江6063.25953.52726.03227.4109.7山西8772.38314.92096.16218.8457.4江西11542.911091.52809.88281.6451.5安徽16585.916181.62692.613489.0404.2河南10262.79809.63187.76621.9453.1湖北9663.69440.73258.56182.3222.8湖南8926.58764.43345.95418.5162.1内蒙古7057.66712.72164.84547.8344.9广西6688.96276.92434.83842.1412.0重庆13116.712579.84998.87581.1536.9四川3104.93033.61350.91682.871.3贵州5528.75422.12559.72862.3106.6云南462.7460.0333.1126.9 2.6西藏7963.77777.83639.24138.7185.8陕西3158.33104.11684.41419.654.3甘肃1016.9993.6465.9527.723.3青海1444.21426.2464.7961.517.9宁夏3423.23385.61421.41964.337.6新疆6759.16759.16759.1不分地区278121.9260914.483316.5177597.917207.5全国总计271362.7254155.376557.4177597.917207.5115854.0104839.126508.978330.211014.862890.560791.816770.744021.12098.761892.259936.924863.735073.31955.330726.028587.48414.120173.32138.66759.16759.16759.10.00.0。

前言一、我国利用外资的总体概况伴随经济全球化的发展趋势与我国加入世界贸易组织，我国的经济正在不断融入到世界经济的发展大潮中，不断利用外资是促进我国经济发展的一项重要手段，也是经济全球化带来的必然趋势。

从2003年至今，我国利用国外直接投资总额一直呈较稳健的增长，尤其是2004年以来，我国实际利用国外直接投资总额一直稳定在600亿美元以上。

2008年我国实际利用外资总额达到1083.12亿美元。

然而，近年来随着外资的不断进入，我国宏观的经济情况已经发生了改变，其一就是我国政府外汇储备余额在2006年10月突破了1万亿美元，到2008年12月末已经达到了1.95万亿美元。

本文对于我公司利用外资、引进外资，与地方省市政府合作，承接大型政府项目，参与城镇建设，投资于科技项目、能源以及农业开发等项目，能够起到总揽全局、抛砖引玉、精心策划、慎重实施的作用。

1.利用外资的涵义利用外资属于国际资本流动范畴，其基本涵义是指某一国家或地区从国际上的其他国家或地区引入资本，即国际资本输入到某一国家或地区。

这个含义包含利用外资的三大特性：一是资本输入的特性，即单独的货币性与投资性的资本输入，像与引进商品、劳务、技术、管理相联系的资本输入；还有特定的非营利性的资本输入，像与投资项目相配套的国外政府无息贷款等，都属于利用外资范畴。

然而，对于非资本输入性的外汇收入则不属于利用外资，像旅游外汇收入与个人消费用外汇收入等。

二是反映债权债务关系的特性。

在国际资本流动中，作为资本输出的一方是债权人，作为资本接受的一方为债务人。

债权人追求的是资本的增值，一般不会放弃资本的所有权，而仅仅是暂时让渡使用权，以追求相应的利息、股息、汇差等资本增值方面的收益。

三是存在风险的特性。

利用外资的风险主要对于资本接受的债务人，具体涉及的风险十分广泛，包括难以支付本息的风险、丧失民族长远利益的风险、损害国内外债权债务体系的风险、引起金融动荡乃至金融危机的风险。