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霍尔传感器位移测量系统设计背景随着科技的不断发展，各种新型传感器相继被研发出来，其中霍尔传感器作为一种新型传感器，被广泛应用于各个领域。
霍尔传感器可以将物理量转化为电信号，能够实现对物体的测量和监测，是一种十分重要的传感器。
在工业生产领域，霍尔传感器常被用于位移测量，为了更好地实现位移测量，我们需要设计一种高精度的霍尔传感器位移测量系统。
一、霍尔传感器的原理霍尔传感器是基于霍尔效应工作的，霍尔效应是指当电流通过一段导体时，会在另一段垂直于电流方向的导体上产生电势差，这种现象称为霍尔效应。
霍尔传感器利用霍尔效应的原理，将电信号转换为物理量，实现对物体的测量和监测。
二、霍尔传感器位移测量系统的设计为了实现高精度的位移测量，我们需要设计一套完整的霍尔传感器位移测量系统。
该系统主要由霍尔传感器、信号调理电路、数据采集模块和显示模块四部分组成。
1. 霍尔传感器霍尔传感器是位移测量系统的核心部件，它能够将物体的位移转化为电信号输出。
为了实现高精度的位移测量，我们可以采用高精度的霍尔传感器，如磁敏霍尔传感器。
磁敏霍尔传感器的测量范围广，测量精度高，能够满足高精度的位移测量需求。
2. 信号调理电路为了保证传感器输出的电信号质量，我们需要对信号进行调理。
信号调理电路的主要作用是对传感器输出的信号进行放大、滤波和电平转换等处理，使信号质量更加稳定和可靠。
在信号调理电路中，放大器是十分重要的一部分，它能够放大微弱的信号，使其能够被后续的电路处理。
3. 数据采集模块数据采集模块是位移测量系统的核心部件之一，它能够将信号转化为数字信号，实现对信号的数字化处理。
在数据采集模块中，我们可以采用高精度的ADC芯片，实现高精度的信号采集和数字化处理。
4. 显示模块显示模块是位移测量系统的输出部分，它能够将测量结果显示出来，并且实现对数据的存储和传输。
在显示模块中，我们可以采用LCD 显示屏或者LED数码管等显示设备，实现对测量结果的直观显示和实时监测。
信 息 科 技4科技资讯 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INFORMATIONDOI：10.16661/ki.1672-3791.2018.01.004基于红外激光光源的远距离微小位移测试系统设计韩伟 黄文浩 刘涌 高震宇（北京电子科技职业学院 北京 100176）摘 要:本文以建筑物结构沉降监测为应用背景，采用计算机视觉测量技术，精度高、非接触，适时监测，智能化，组网传输，实现远程监控量测，开发出一种远距离非接触式多测量点的微小位移监测系统，对三维微小位移测量方法进行研究，广泛应用于建筑物形变量检测，通过对比不同时间点的形变值和沉降值，累计产生的位移量曲线变化来判断建筑物整体稳定的变化趋势。
本课题研究并提出的基于计算机视觉的远距离微小位移检测方法，弥补了传统检测方法的不足，为实际工程问题的解决提供了一种新的思路。
关键词:非接触 微小位移 监测系统中图分类号:G64 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-3791(2018)01(a)-0004-02建筑物的结构动态位移信息是在建筑施工和使用中极其有价值的原始数据，对建筑物的安全保障、维护有着极其重要的意义。
传统的多种位移监测方法多为人工测量方法，在实际中有很大的局限性。
本文提出了一种基于计算机视频技术的远距离微小位移检测方法。
以建筑物建设过程和建设后的沉降监测为应用背景，开发出了基于红外激光光源的远距离非接触式建筑物沉降和倾斜的微小位移测量监测系统。
1 设计构思基于红外激光光源的远距离微小位移测试系统设计如下。
1.1 系统设计要求(1)实现视频测量点的监测位移收敛，在30m远的距离，测量点的面内微小位移测量精度达到1mm。
(2)数据处理、传输、曲线显示和报警信息发布功能。
1.2 系统设计内容和步骤(1)标志点的设计：设计精确的靶型标志点，实现测量标识和标定功能的统一。
(2)研究光的变化对目标物的影响：根据检测现场复杂的背景环境，设计能够增强目标物在图片中效果的照明系统。
在控制领域中,经常需要进行各种位移量的测在实际的工业位置控制领域中,为了提高控制精度,准确地对控制对象进行检测足十分艰要的。
传统的机械测量位移装S L L远远不能满足现代生产的辦要,而数字式传感器光电编码器, 能将角位移量转换为勾之对应的电脉冲输出,；1:要用于机械位置和旋转速度的检测,具冇精度高,体积小等特点,冈此木设计决定采用光电编码器进行位移检测,本设计为采用光屯编码器来实现位移测请及《仿真,实现测锖來f〗外部的不冋的位移值及显& A•体应用AT89C51中。
片机为核心,光电编码器进行位移测量,同时以LCD液品显示模块显示。
木设计采用的光电编码器输出电H(为5V, 输出倍y经四倍频电路处现后送入巾片机进行计数处理,量后送入LCD模块量示。
木文从位移测量原理入手,详细阐述了位移测#系统的:丨:作过程,以及硬件电路的设计、V。
示效果2木文吸收了硬件软件化的怨想,实现了题丨丨要求的功能。
关键词：位移测蛍,光电编码器,单片机,LCD显示模块AbstractIn ihe control field, a variety of displace量ent 量easure量ents often need lo be carried out。
In actual industry position control do量ain, to increase the control precision, carries on the exa量ination to the controlled 量e量ber is accurately very i量portant。
The traditional 量achinery survey displace量ent installs has not been able 10 satisfy the 量ode量 production by far the need, but the digital sensor electro-optic encoder, can iransl'or量 ihe angular displace量ent into with it correspondence electricity pulse output, 量ainly uses in the 量echanical position and the velocity of whirl exa量ination, has the precision to be high, volu量e s量all and so on characteristics, therefore this design decided that uses the electro-optical encoder to carry on the displace量ent to exa量ine。
摘要在现代工业生产过程中，常常需要测量很多不同的位移量。
与此同时对位移量进行较为精确地检测，是提高控制精度的基础。
因此之前所普遍采用的传统位移测量装置已经不能适应时代发展的潮流。
在此情况下通过科研人员的不断努力终于研制出了数字式光电编码器,它的输入量是角位移量其输出量是相应的电脉冲,并且它有体积小，精度高的优点。
故而，这次毕业设计选用的是光电编码器。
本次毕业设计是以AT89C51单片机为核心，用光电编码器来实现对位移量的精确测量，再将测量结果显示在LCD液晶显示器上。
其中本次设计中所选用的是输出电压为5V的光电编码器。
本文由浅入深先介绍了一些关于位移测量的基本原理，进而阐述了各个模块的设计思路，工作过程以及显示效果。
本文借鉴了一些当前较为流行的设计思想，例如硬件软件化，很好的满足了设计要求。
关键词：位移，测量，光电编码器，单片机，LCD显示器AbstractIn the control field, a variety of displacement measurements often need to be carried out. In actual industry position control domain, to increase the control precision, carries on the examination to the controlled member is accurately very important.The traditional machinery survey displacement installs has not been able to satisfy the modern production by far the need, but the digital sensor electro-optic encoder, can transform the angular displacement into with it correspondence electricity pulse output, mainly uses in the mechanical position and the velocity of whirl examination, has the precision to be high, volume small and so on characteristics, therefore this design decided that uses the electro-optical encoder to carry on the displacement to examine.This design to use the electro-optical encoder to realize the displacement survey and the simulation, realizes the survey from the exterior different displacement value and the demonstration. Makes concrete using at89C51 monolithic integrated circuit is the core, the electro-optical encoder carries on the displacement to survey, simultaneously by LCD liquid crystal display module demonstration. This design uses the electro-optical encoder output voltage is 5V, the output signal after four doubling circuit processing sends in the monolithic integrated circuit to carry on counting processing, finally sends in the LCD module demonstration.In this paper, detailed working process of displacement measurement system is started with principle of displacement measurement, and hardware circuit design and display. This paper has absorbed the idea of hardware and software to achieve with the subject required functionality.Key words:The displacement surveys, electro-optical encoder, microcontroller, LCD display module目录第一章绪论·················································1.1位移测量及其传感器简介··································1.2光栅位移测量技术简介··································第二章原理及方案说明···································2.1 方案选择及原理··········································2.1.1鉴相原理·············································2.1.2脉冲的鉴相和计数的软件实现方法···························2.1.3脉冲的鉴相和计数的硬件实现方法···························2.1.4用单片机内部计数器实现可逆计数·······················2.2位移测量参数及电路参数分析······························2.2.1MCS-51的定时器/计数器简介····························2.2.2定时器模式选择位·····································第三章系统电路的设计········································3.1 硬件电路的设计···········································3.1.1 单片机的选择·········································3.1.2 AT89C51的介绍········································3.1.3 1XP8001-1简介········································3.2 软件的设计···············································第四章显示部分···············································4.1 LCD显示器················································4.2 LCD分类及特点······································4.3 LCD1602液晶显示器································第五章仿真实现················································5.1 PROTEUS仿真软件简介·······································5.2 KEIL软件的简介··································结论······························································致谢······························································参考文献··························································第一章绪论1.1位移测量及其传感器简介位移包括线位移和角位移。
