2011届中考英语专题复习十五：阅读理解的考点讲解和训练

2011届中考英语专题复习一：名词考点讲解和训练【考点直击】1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法；2．名词所有格的构成及用法；3．近义名词的辨析。

【名师点睛】一、名词的数1．单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。

（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。

（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。

（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。

但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。

（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。

例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。

例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。

（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves。

复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。

复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法[s][z][t][][F][b][d][（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。

《最新中考英语阅读理解50篇》详解中考英语阅读理解·“老”字趣谈每个国家都有各自的文化习惯，而这种文化上的差异往往会引起一定的误会，不过只要熟悉对方的风俗习惯做到入乡随俗，一切就OK啦！When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect(尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serv ing food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so q uickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always resp ect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, w ho happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how s ensitive(敏感) Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”. I then walked ba ck to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they unders tood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no lo nger angry.In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and e xperience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn fr om their rich experience.However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” s hows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many pe ople try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and w omen put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant tha t I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn‟t want to hear.After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don‟t res pect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don‟t show my feelings through word s.By Jack根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。

2011年杭州市各类高中招生文化考试英语（B卷）五、完形填空（共15小题，计15分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。

主题：Monty的梦想体裁：记叙文难度：★★★★★词数：290 建议用时: 8 mins Monty was the son of a horse trainer. When he was in his ninth grade, he was asked to write a 31 about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up.That night he wrote a seven-page paper saying that someday he’d 32 a horse ranch(牧场). He wrote about his dream in great detail and he 33 drew a picture of a 200-acre ranch with all the buildings.He put a great deal of his 34 into the project and the next day he handed it in 35 his teacher. Two days later he received his paper back. On the front page was a large red F with a 36 that read, “See me after class.”The boy with the dr eam went to see the teacher after class and asked, “37 did I receive an F?”The teacher said, “This is an 38 dream for a young boy like you. You come from a poor family. Owning a horse ranch requires a lot of 39 . You have to buy the land. You have to pay for other things. There is no 40 you could ever do it.” Then the teacher added, “41 you rewrite this paper with a more realistic goal, I will reconsider your grade.”The boy went home and thought about 42 long and hard. He asked his father what he should do. His father said, “Look, son, you have to make up your own mind on this. However, I think it is a very important 43 for you.”Finally, after sitting with it for a week, the boy turned in the 44 paper, making no changes at all. He said to the teacher, “You can keep the F and I’ll keep my 45 .”31. A. speech B. paper C. notice D. diary32. A. paint B. win C. own D. sell33. A. just B. almost C. ever D. even34. A. heart B. life C. advice D. trust35. A. to B. with C. from D. for36. A. word B. letter C. note D. post37. A. How B. Why C. When D. Where38. A. unusual B. unforgettable C. unimportant D. unrealistic39. A. money B. time C. space D. effort40. A. wonder B. way C. problem D. matter41. A. Though B. Since C. Until D. If42. A. himself B. him C. it D. itself43. A. change B. gift C. message D. decision44. A. long B. thick C. same D. correct45. A. grade B. dream C. duty D. secret老师让Monty写一篇关于梦想的文章，他在文章中说他的梦想是拥有一个马场。

专题十五词汇（一）A基础检测卷测试时间： 45分钟测试总分： 50分得分：Ⅰ.根据汉语和英语单词提示完成句子。

1.（2011·乐山）The speaker raised his voice, so we could ______(听见) him.2.（2011·丽水）The young man with glasses teaches ______ (我们) Chinese.3.（2011·枣庄）Manatees eat about 100 ______ (英磅) a day.4.（2011·安徽）She r______ (骑) to school on her bicycle every day.5.（2011·济宁）This is our Art Room. Yours is on the ______(三) floor.6.（2011·黄冈）Louisa didn’t have a pencil，so I let her borrow ______ (我的).7.（2011·苏州）August is the ______(最热)month in Suzhou, isn’t it?8.（2011·宿迁）Zhang Shaohan has a sweet (嗓音), and many of us like listening to hersongs.9.（2011·铜仁）I like going to school on foot. I______ (很少)take a bus to school.10.（2011·德阳）I think the telephone was ______（发明）in 1876.11.（2011·恩施）I’m ______ (渴的), I want to buy a bottle of water.12.（2011·桂林）Last summer holiday, my teacher ______ (介绍) Joy to me, and now we areclose friends.13.（2011·肇庆）The two ______ (熊猫)“Tuantuan” and “Yuanyuan” were warmly welcomedwhen they arrived in Taiwan.14.（2011·丽水）Who’s ______ (高), Lucy or Lily?15.（2011·枣庄）He didn’t know what was ______ (发生) outside.16.（2011·安徽）He told me to go out to find some s______ (枝条) for a fire.17.（2011·济宁）As we know, China is an ______(亚洲)country.18.（2011·黄冈）If you want to improve your English, you should try to practise ______ (说)English as much as possible in and out of class.19.（2011·苏州）Excellent teachers are usually ______ (感兴趣) in their students.20.（2011·宿迁）Sorry, I didn’t know you. Would you please speak mor e (清楚地)?21.（2011·铜仁）More and more ______(外国人)come to visit China.22.（2011·德阳）It’s not _______（礼貌的）to talk with your mouth full.23.（2011·恩施）She’s ______ (分) the watermelon into twenty pieces and given them to eachstudent.24.（2011·肇庆）In modern ______ (社会), science technology has developed rapidly.25.（2011·丽水）Ann had her ______ (十) birthday in China. She felt very happy.26.（2011·黄冈）To our great ______ (惊讶), Tom failed to pass the graduation exam.27.（2011·苏州）Do you know the difference ______ (在….之间)”beside” and “besides”.28.（2011·铜仁）They crossed the road in ______(安全).29.（2011·泉州）It is cold outside. We must keep all the windows ______ (关)30.（2011·内蒙古）Our knowledge of the universe is ______（增长）all the time.Ⅱ根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

2011中考英语阅读理解练习题（有答案解析）阅读理解。

（每小题3分，共45分）AYou are watching a film in which two men are having a fight. They hit one another hard. At the start they only fight with their fists. But soon they begin hitting one another over the heads with chairs. And so it goes on until one of the men crashes (撞击) through a window and falls thirty feet to the ground below. He is dead! Of course he isn't really dead. With any luck he isn't even hurt. Why? Because the men who fall out of high windows or jump from fast moving trains, who crash cars of even catch fire, are professionals. They do this for a living. These men are called stuntmen. That is to say, they perform tricks. There are two sides to their work. They actually do most of the things you see on the screen. For example, they fall from a high building. However, they do not fall on to hard ground but on to empty cardboard boxes covered with a mattress (床垫). Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar! But although their work depends on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and training. Often a stuntman's success depends on careful timing. For example, when he is "blown up" in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion just at the right moment.Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get seriously injured, and sometimes killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff (悬崖) a thousand feet high. His parachute (降落伞) failed to open, and he was killed. In spite of all the risks, this is no longer a profession for men only. Men no longer dress up as women when actresses have to perform some dangerous action. For nowadays there are stunt girls, too.( )1. Stuntmen are those who _______.A. often dress up as actorsB. prefer to lead dangerous livesC. often perform seemingly dangerous actionsD. often fight each other for their lives( )2. Stuntmen earn their living by_______.A. playing their dirty tricksB. selling their special skillsC. jumping out of high windowsD. jumping from fast moving trains( )3. When a stuntman falls from a high building, _______.A. he needs little protectionB. he will be covered with a mattressC. his life is endangeredD. his safety is generally all right( )4. Which of the following is the main factor (因素) of a successful performance?A. Strength.B. Exactness.C. Speed.D. Carefulness. ( )5. What can be inferred from the author's example of the Norwegian stuntman?A. Sometimes an accident can occur to a stuntman.B. The percentage of serious accidents is high.C. Parachutes must be of good quality.D. The cliff is too high.BAcademy Awards The Academy Awards are the most prominent film award in the United States. The Awards are granted by the Academy of Motin Picture Arts and Sciences. Academy Awards are nicknamed “Oscars”, which is also the nickname of the statuette（小雕像）. The name is said to have been born when Margaret Herrick saw the statuette on a table and said, “It looks just like my uncle Oscar!”Berlin Film Festival One of the “A” festivals in Europe. The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the “Berlinale”, is held annually in February and started in 1951 after an initiative of the American, who occupied part of the city after World WarⅡ. The jury（专家评奖团）always placed special emphasis on representing films from all over the world, from the former Eastern Bloc（集团）Countries as well as from western countries. The awards are called Golden and Silver Bears（as the Bear is the symbol of Berlin）. Venice Film Festival The Venice Film Festival takes place every year in late August/early September on the Lido in the historic Palazzo del Cinema, in Venice, Italy. Its main award is the “ Leone d’Oro” （Golden Lion）. Recently, a new award has been added, the San Marco Award for the best film.Cannes Film Festival The Cannes Film Festival is a famous international film festival. It has been held annually in Cannes, in the south of France, since 1946 with a few exceptions. Given massive media exposure, the Festival is attended by many movie stars and is a popular venue for movie producers to launch their new films and attempt to sell their works to the distributors who come from all over the globe.The most famous award given out at Cannes is the “Palme d’ Or” （Golden Palm）for the best film; this is sometimes shared by multiple films in one year.( )6. Which Award can be shared by multiple films in one year?A. Golden Lion.B. Golden Palm.C. Academy Awards.D. San Marco Award.( )7. Which of the following statements about “Oscars” is not true?A. It’s the nickname of Academy Awa rds.B. It’s also the nickname of the statuette.C. It got its name because Margaret said the statuette looked like his uncle.D. It’s an award in France.( )8. Which Award has the shortest history?A. Golden Lion.B. Golden Palm.C. Academy Awards.D. San Marco Award.( )9. Why is the Award for Berlin Film Festival called “Golden and Silver Bear”?A. It looks like a bear.B. It is made up of bear fur.C. The bear is the symbol of Berlin.D. Bear is rare in Berlin.( )10. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. An introduction of famous film festivals and film awards.B. An advertisement for films and TV programmes.C. Introduce the nicknames of famous film awards.D. A guide of how to spend famous film festivals.C1 If you have ever been rock climbing, then you will know that it is not a very easy sport. In fact you probably felt quite defeated when you first tried to do any serious climbing. Indoor and outdoor rock climbing are both extremely demanding and, like anything else, require practice, to get good at. What most people don’t know is that the sport of rock climbing is one of the most physically and mentally demanding sports there is.2 There are three basic types of rock climbing. Top roping is probably one of the most common types and is basically climbing with a partner. The second type, which is very similar to top roping, is called lead climbing. In both of these types of rock climbing the climber can sit off the wall and rest on the rope.3 The third type of rock climbing is called bouldering. Bouldering is a type of free climbing without any ropes. This is the most demanding of all climbing types. The climber must be able to complete the climbing without taking a rest on the rope.4 Believe it or not, climbing is said to be about 75% legs and only 25% arms. T o climb efficiently and successfully, a person needs to have a wonderful technique. One of the major rules of rock climbing is to always have three points touching the wall, whether it is both feet and one hand, or one foot and both hands, as it is much easier to have your weight rest on three points than on two. Another important idea to grasp is that your arms in most cases will do the climbing; they only hold you into the wall so that your legs are actually pushing you upward. Also, the closer you are to the wall, the easier it is to climb.5 Rock climbing may sound a bit too extreme for the everyday person but it really is an amazing workout. Once you get into the sport, and learn how to position your body and rest your weight, then you can begin to deal with some difficult problems. The great thing about rock climbing is that it is mentally challenging as well. You are constantly analyzing the way your body moves and how to do certain moves on the wall. For anyone who wants to get into shape, rock climbing is a fun and effective way to exercise muscles. ( )11. What does the author think of rock climbing?A. It is an easy sport.B. It is challenging.C. It is quite dangerous.D. It is extremely difficult.( )12. According to this passage, we know that _______.A. indoor rock climbing is much easier than outdoor rock climbingB. while rock climbing, people depend mainly on their armsC. ordinary people can practise rock climbingD. during climbing, the climber can always stop for a rest( )13. It is much easier for a rock climber if he _______ while climbing.A. takes a ropeB. has a partnerC. has three points touching the wallD. uses feet more often( )14. _______ will make rock climb easier.A. Keeping the body closer to the wallB. Resting more often on the armsC. Resting more often on the feetD. Pushing forward without thinking of the problems( )15. By rock climbing, one can _______.A. get more weight and stronger musclesB. get both physical and mental exercisesC. have a terrible experience that will last long.D. probably feel quite defeated三、阅读理解。

中考英语阅读理解知识点总结及经典习题(含答案)（word）一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析）1．阅读理解As far back as he could remember, Larry had wanted to go to Hollywood and become a film star. The young man's hopes for success were broken again and again. However, Hollywood was just everything to him. When he first came to California? Larry had decided never to give up and return home without success. Therefore, he kept on trying. "Some day," he told himself, "my big chance would come."Larry found a job—parking cars at one of Hollywood's big restaurants. His pay was low, but since the guests were kind enough to give him more money, he managed to make a living. One day he recognized an important film director driving into the parking lot and getting out of his car. Larry had recently heard that the man was ready to make a new picture.Larry got into the car and prepared to drive it on into the lot and park it. Then he stopped, jumped out, and ran over to the director. "Excuse me, sir, but I think it's only fair to tell you that it's now or never if you want me in your next picture. A lot of big companies are after me." Instead of pushing away the boy, the director laughed, then wrote something on a card and handed it to the young man. "Come and see me tomorrow."Larry got a small part in the director's next film. He was on his way!（1）It's clear that Larry's job—parking cars ________.A. helped him make a lot of moneyB. brought him the hope to be a film starC. made him fail again and again in getting into HollywoodD. gave him few chances to meet stars（2）The film director asked Larry to meet him the next day because _______.A. he needed a driver very muchB. Larry would become a starC. some big companies would give him a jobD. Larry expressed his hope in a wise way（3）We can learn from the story that _______.A. the film director knew Larry's hard experience beforeB. Larry managed to be a part in the new filmC. the job parking cars could bring young people everythingD. the new film was not so important for the director（4）"He was on his Way" refers to the fact that _______.A. he gave up and returned homeB. he began to work towards successC. he drove the director's car to HollywoodD. he had a long way to go to be in the film（5）The story mainly wants to tell us _______.A. it was hard for Larry, to find a job in a restaurant in HollywoodB. Larry was so lucky to meet the director in the parking lotC. why Larry could remember many things beforeD. how Larry succeeded- in his new life in Hollywood【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）B（5）D【解析】【分析】本文介绍了Larry在好莱坞寻求机会的故事。

最新中考任务型阅读任务型阅读1In many parts of the world, there are four seasons: spring, summer, fall and winter. In the U.S., there are only three: football, basketball and baseball. That's not completely true, but almost. In every season, Americans have a ball. If you want to know what season it is, just look at what people are playing. For many Americans, sports do not just occupy the sidelines. They take center court.Besides "the big three" sports, Americans play a variety of other sports. In warm weather, people enjoy water sports. Lovers of surfing, sailing and scuba diving flock to the ocean. Swimmers and water skiers also revel in the wet stuff. Fishermen try their luck in ponds, lakes and rivers. In winter sportsmen delight in freezing fun. From the first snowfall, skiers hit the slopes. Frozen ponds and ice rinks become playgrounds for skating and hockey. People play indoor sports whatever the weather. Racquetball, weightlifting and bowling are year-round activities.For many people in the U.S., sports are not just for fun. They're almost a religion. Thousands of sports fans buy expensive tickets to watch their favorite teams and athletes play in person. Other fans watch the games at home, glued to their TV sets. The most devoted sports buffs never miss a game. Many a wife becomes a "sports widow" during her husband's favorite season. America's devotion to athletics has created a new class of wealthy people: professional athletes. Sports stars often receive million-dollar salaries. Some even make big money appearing in advertisements forsoft drinks, shoes and even toiletries.任务型阅读2Never go into a supermarket hungry! This is a good piece of advice. If you go shopping for food before lunchtime, you’ll probably buy more than you plan to. Unfortunately, h owever, just this advice isn’t enough for consumers these days. Modern shoppers need an education in how and how not to buy things at the store. First, you check the weekly newspaper ads. Find out the items that are on sale and decide if you really need th ese things. In other words, don’t buy anything just because it’s cheaper than usual! “New and Improved!” or “All Natural” on the front of a package influence you. Instead, read the list of ingredients (contents) on the back. Third, compare prices: that is, you should examine the prices of both different brands and different sizes of the same brand.Another suggestion for consumers is to buy ordinary items instead of famous brands. Ordinary items in supermarkets come in plain packages. These products are cheaper because producers don’t spend much money on packing or advertising. The quality, however, is usually as good as the quality of well-known name brands. In the same way, in buying clothes, you can often find high quality and low prices in brands that are not famous. Shopping in discount clothing stores can help you save a lot of money. Although these stores aren’t very attractive, and they usually do not have individual dressing rooms, not only are the prices low, but you can often find the same famous brands that you find in high-priced department stores.Wise consumers read magazine ads and watch TV commercials, but they do this with one advantage: knowledge of the psychology behind the ads. In other words, well-informed consumers watch for information and check for misinformation. They ask themselves questions: Is the advertiser hiding something in small print at the bottom of the page? Is there any real information in the commercial, or is the advertiser simply showing an attractive image? With the answers to these questions, consumers can make a wise choice.任务型阅读3Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , the number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches, which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is important to make the area, which has been pruned, smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them任务型阅读4A new life on the university campusI am a freshman of the English Department at Pujiang University. Life at the university is so exciting and challenging.There are two campuses for our university: one is for freshmen and sophomores and the other is for juniors, seniors and graduate students. My campus is located on the outskirts of the city, which is a new one, very peaceful and free from the hustle and bustle of a metropolis. It is free from all sorts of distractions and diversions that most city dwellers find it hard to escape or ignore.We have a three-day orientation programme about campus life for entering students, including a campus tour in which we can visit libraries, classroom buildings, language labs, the multimedia resource center, computer support services, the student club, and the sports stadium. We freshmen have access to all these resources and technical facilities on a regular basis. They are open to all students. As a matter of fact, w e’re encouraged to make the most of the libraries and technical support services on the campus.We all live on campus, as the school rules say that no freshmen should live off campus during the weekdays, unless the university authorities give permission. We prefer to eat in school cafeterias because there is a variety of foods on the menu, which changes every day. Besides, the food service is much better than that of most secondary schools. For one thing, our campus cafeterias are under the management of a professional food service company with an annually-renewable contract.Being an English major, we have to speak English with our fellow students and English teachers most of the time. We are expected to speak English with all our English teachers whatever courses they teach. We’re also encouraged to speak English in the dorm area as much as possible. We are not quite used to this “ English only” environment, though. Anyway, we’re all trying very hard. It always takes us time to adjust to a new environment. We are given English lectures and talks which cover a variety of topics. We are encouraged to attend the free discussion session following each lecture or presentation. Most of the lectures are given bynative-speakers, so at the beginning I have much difficulty in figuring out much of what they say. But I know they are very good for students majoring in English.I like my life in the university and I experience a lot. I will try my best to make my life colourful.Fill in each blank with a suitable word:任务型阅读5Asian American have become the fast-growing U.S minority in two decades. As their children began moving up through the nation’s schools, they beca me a main stream of a new class of academic achievers. Their achievements are reflected in the nation’s best universities, where mathematics, science, and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. Their preference for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid foundation in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering then with an arts degree.Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of their parents who are determined to make full use of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that results in success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education.Both explanations for academic success worry Asian American because of fears that they feed a typical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social isolation. Indeed, it was not until任务型阅读6A gift for the futureIn the next several decades, it is believed tha t the world’s population will increase to about nine billion people. This should set alarm bells ringing because the bare fact is that, in order for everyone to survive, serious changes need to be made in global development. This development needs to be different from past development, which polluted the environment and wasted natural resources.One possible solution to this problem now being discussed is sustainable development. Sustainable development is long-term planning which focus on the environment and preserving natural resources. It is all about creating better health care, education, housing and improved standards of living for everyone. This is a simple idea, but one which is hard to put into practice. However, it is something that we must do because without sustainable development, our future and the lives of our children and our grandchildren will be in danger.Nearly everything we do in our modern lives requires the use of Earth’s natural resources. These natural resources provide the energy to do many important things: to have a shower, to boil water, to power electrical equipment and to turn oil into petrol. The list is almost endless. To do all these things we mostly depend on fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil to produce energy.Fossil fuels are found underground and are non-renewable sources of energy, which means that they can not be renewed in a short period of time. We are currently consuming fossil fuels at a much higher rate than they are being produced. If this continues, some people believe that oilfields and coal seams will run out in the foreseeable future.On top of this, burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, which is like poison to the environment. Carbon dioxide contributes to air, water and soil pollution and causes global warming and acid rain. This is why many people are pushing for the use of alternative energy sources.Fill in each blank with a suitable word:A gift for the future→ _______1______ developmentThe importance of ______2_______ development →_____3________→_______4____________5_______ of energy →______6_______ fuels →______7_______of them→Features _____8_____________9______ to theenvironment→_____10_______ energy任务型阅读7An Event of ImaginationThe year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it willmiss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth. On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a massive explosion.About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the seabed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina.Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won't escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, and temperature around the world falls to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won't be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million remain alive.Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. Thedinosaurs (恐龙) were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end?请根据以上文章，完成下列表格：任务型阅读8A smart card is a card that is carried with either a microprocessor and a memory chip or only a memory chip that is not programmable. The microprocessor card can add. delete, and deal with the information on the card, while a memory-chip card can only do one thing.Smart cards, unlike magnetic stripe cards, can do many different things and hold a lot of information. In this way, they do not need to get information from a faraway place when they are used.Today, there are several kinds of smart cards, all of which are very popular in the market:IC (Integrated Circuit) Microprocessor Cards Microprocessor Cards (chip cards) offer a larger memory and better security than the traditional magnetic stripe cards do. Chip cards can also hold data. These cards are used for many things. Thus, chips have been the main platform for cards that hold a secure digital identity. Some examples of these cards are:Cards that hold money.Cards that provide safe access to a network.Cards that allow setting stop boxes on televisions to remain safe from privacy.Optical Memory Cards Optical memory cards look like cards with a piece of CD on the top. Optical memory cards can store up to 4MB of data. But once written, the data can not be changed or removed. Thus, this type of card is good for keeping records, such as medical files, driving records or travel histories. Today, these have no processors in them (although this is coming in the near future). While the cards are almost as cheap as chip cards, the card readers are expensive.Title: (1)_______________cards任务型阅读9Since the beginning of human evolution, men have migrated（迁移）across continents in search of food, shelter, safety, and comfortable weather. People still move for these reasons, but new reasons for human migration are arising, such as job relocation(重新安置) and overpopulation.Three million migrants are moving from poor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destination is a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. People are moving within the developing world for the same reasons as they migrate to wealthier nations. People from poor countries are going to less poor countries, fleeing wars and conflicts. They are also responding to population pressures because some countries are densely populated, and they often have high population growth. Those people need to go somewhere else.There are three main reasons why people move. The basic categories and percentages are as follows, according to the Current Population Surveys (CPS):Family-related reasons account for 26.3%, including changes in marital（婚姻的） status, establishing a household and other family reasons; work-related reasons 16.2%, including job transfer, retirement, and other job-related reasons; housing-related reasons 51.6%, including new and better houses, better neighborhood, cheaper housing and other housing reasons; the remaining 5.9% of other reasons are attending college, the change of climate and health reasons.Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities and warmer climates. They have also been moving to places a little far from cities, in search of bigger yards and houses, lower crime rates and better schools. In 1950, nearly a fifth of the population lived in the nation’s 20 largest cities. In 2006, it was about one in ten. That’s why many American people say, “Big Cities Shrink as People Move South, West.”Between March 2005 and March 2007, 73.4 million Americans moved. Fifty-six percent of these moves were within the same country. Twenty percent were between counties but in the same state. Nineteen percent were moves to a different state. Some families even went abroad.任务型阅读10A new set of brain images shows why : Reading the Roman alphabets and Chinese characters uses different parts of the brain.The results also suggest that Chinese schoolchildren have reading problems in a different part of the brain used in reading alphabet-based languages. This shows that the learning disorder dyslexia ( inability to read properly) is not the same in very culture and does not have a universal biological cause.Scientists described the results as “ very important and revolutionary”. While dyslexia has certain common roots, they said, they now have some proof that this kind of functional problem works differently according to the different demands that Western and Eastern languages place on the brain.Dyslexia is a common developmental disorder in which people of normal intelligence have difficulty learning to read, spell and master other language skills.The results suggest that treating dyslexia around the world probably will require different treatments.“Reading is complex,” said Guinevere Eden, Georgetown University professor. “ This shows we need to be more open-minded about diverse treatment app roaches.”Its origins are complex. There appears to be a genetic aspect to the illness. It also may result from brain injury before birth that changes visual and hearing pathways in the brain.Earlier brain scans show that English-reading dyslexics don’t f unction properly in a left part of the brain associated with the awareness of 44 sounds from the English alphabet. However, according to the new study, reading Chinese uses some different parts of the brain located in the left-front of the brain. It is associated with symbol interpretation. Unlike alphabet letters, Chinese characters represent entire thoughts and physical objects.Dyslexia任务型阅读11For centuries people dreamed of going into space. This dream began to seem possible when high-flying rockets were built in the early 1900s.In 1903 a Russian teacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky figured out how to use rockets for space travel. His plan was the first one in rocket science to use correct scientific calculation. About 30 years later, a U.S. scientist named Robert Goddard built the first rockets that could reach high altitudes. During World War II, German scientists built large rockets that could travel very far and carry dangerous explosives. After the war, scientists from Germany went to the United States and the Soviet Union to help those countries build space rockets.These two countries were soon racing to get to space first. Each of these countries wanted to prove that it was stronger and more advanced than the other one. Both countries also had powerful bombs. People in the United States were worried when the Soviets were first to launch a space satellite, which was called Sputnik. The Soviets were also first to send a person into space. Yury Gagarin orbited the earth in the Vostok I spaceship in 1961.The US government set a goal for its space program to be the first country to put a person on the Moon. The U.S. space program built a series of Apollo spaceship. These vehicles were powered by huge Saturn 5 rockets. In 1969 Apollo II took three men to the moon successfully. Nell Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon.The Soviets may have lost the race to fly people to the Moon, but they built the first space station in 1971. The United States also built a space station. The space stations allowed people to live and work in space. Then the Soviet Union and the United States cooperated to hook two spaceships together in space. This action ended the "space race". Today a much larger space station, built by several countries together, orbits Earth.Another new way to go to space is by space shuttle. A space shuttle, first made in the United States in 1981, looks like an airplane. Astronauts who fly spaceships任务型阅读12Robot revolutionThe day that a robot wakes you up, cleans your room and walks your dog might still be a few decades off. But increasingly, engineers are saying that robots are going to make the leap from the factory floor to your family room.Companies like Sony and General Electric are working on designs for small robots. Products like the Roomba, a robot that can clean floors, are flying off the shelves. On the cover of a recent issue of Scientific American magazine, Bill Gates predicted the “Dawn of the Age of Robots”.What’s behind this new era (时代)? It’s partly a matter of technology. Devices that can recognize and respond to a human voice have been developed. There are now a few different ways for robots to move around. They can walk, crawl or ride on wheels. They are being made smaller and smaller. They are also becoming more and more energy efficient.A bigger part of the story is on the demand side. From the day Robert Adler invented the television remote control in the 1950s, people around the world have tirelessly searched for ways to get lazier.Also take into consideration the increasing wealth of rich people, the time appears ripe to introduce robots to ease our daily lives.To be sure, robots that walk on two legs and talk like people are still too complex for our present engineering abilities. Today’s robot revolution is to make them for everyday use. Robots will do basic housework such as cleaning or gardening, or just help you have more fun on the basketball court.What makes a robot different from an ordinary cleaning machine is not the presence of computer chips (芯片). Nowadays even your microwave has a computer chip. It is the ability to sense and make changes to the environment in real time.For example, a floor-cleaning robot should be able to sense your scared cat and move out of the way. Today’s computing ability is, for the first time, able to make任务型阅读13Third-generation mobile phones, known as 3G, are the next big step for the telecom industry. Data speed in 3G networks is much quicker than that in present technology. This means users can have high-speed Internet access and enjoy video and CD-quality music on their phones.“Mobile data is not a dream; it’s not an option but a requirement,” said Len Lauer, head of a US communications company, Sprint PCS, at a 3G conference in Bangkok earlier this month.With 3G, you can forget about text messages telling you yesterday’s news; a 3G phone can receive video news programs, updated four times a day. Internet access will also be much quicker, making it easier to surf the Web on your phone than on your computer at home.Face-to-face video callsDon’t worry about getting lost. 3G phones offer map services so you can find a new restaurant just by pressing a few keys on your handset.However, the most impressive part of 3G technology is video calling. With live two-way video communication, you can have face-to-face talks with friends and family on your mobile phone.Many European countries have already launched the service. In May 2000 the US Government issued five license to run 3G wireless services, while the first 3G phones arrived in Italy in March this year.International telecom companies can’t wait to sell 3G in China, the world’s largest mobile telecommunications market. But they will have to be patient. At the moment, China is busy testing its 3G-based technologies, networks and services. This will be followed by a trial period before the phones can finally hit the shops.“We need to create a pool of 3G customers before the larg e-scale commercial launch of the service,” said Fan Yunjun, marketing manager for Beijing Mobile. “We任务型阅读14D. R. Gaul Middle School is in Union, Maine, a blueberry-farming town where the summer fair finds kids competing in pig scrambles and pie-eating contests.Gaul, with about 170 seventh- and eighth-graders, has its own history of lower level academic achievement. One likely reason: Education beyond the basic requirements hasn’t always been a top priority for families who’ve worked the same land for generations. Here, few adults have college degrees, and outsiders (teachers included) are often kept at a respectful distance.Since 2002, Gaul’s students have been divided into four classes, each of them taught almost every subject by two teachers. The goal: To find common threads across disciplines to help students create a big picture that gives fresh meaning and context to their classwork -- and sparks motivation for learning.Working within state guidelines, each team makes its individual schedules and lesson plans, incorporating non-textbook literature, hands-on lab work and field trips. If students are covering the Civil War in social studies, they’re reading The Red Badge of Courage or some other period literature in English class. In science, they study the viruses and bacteria that caused many deaths in the war.Team teachi ng isn’t unusual. About 77 percent of middle schools now employ some form of it, says John Lounsbury, consulting editor for the National Middle School Association. But most schools use four- or five-person teams, which Gaul tried before considering two-person teams more effective. Gaul supports the team concept by “looping” classes(跟班) so that the same two teachers stick with the same teens through seventh and eighth grades. Combining teams and looping creates an extremely strong bond between teacher and st udent. It also, says teacher Beth Ahlholm, “allows us to build an excellent relationship with parents.”Ahlholm and teammate Madelon Kelly are fully aware how many glazed looks they see in the classroom, but they know 72 percent of their eighth-graders met Maine’s reading standard last year -- double the statewide average. Only 31 percent met the math standard, still better than the state average (21 percent). Their students also beat the state average in writing and science. And in 2006, Gaul was one of 47 schools in the state to see testing gains of at least 20 percent in four of the previous five years, coinciding roughly with team teaching’s arrival.A Classroom With ContextProblems of the school Being a farming town, it (1)_______ little in education before.(2)_______ education is considered less important.The community is relatively (3)_______ rather than open to the outsiders.Ways of solving the problems The division of classes is made and students are well (4)_______. Individual schedules and lesson plans are (5)_______ by each team.A strong (6)_______ between teacher and student is established through combining teams and looping.Signs of (7)_______72 percent of the eighth-graders (8)_______ Maine’s reading standard(9)_______ percent higher than the state average in mathsthe school beating the state average in writing and science four of the previous five years (10)_______ at least 20 percent test gains任务型阅读15In February 2006, headlines confirmed “Low-Fat Diet Does Not Cut Health Risks.” Data from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study concluded that a low-fat diet did not reduce the risk of breast cancer. Some women said, “Why bother? There’s nothing I can do.”。

2011 年河南省初中学业水平暨高级中等学校招生考试试卷英语注意事项“1. 本试卷共10页，满分120分。

考试时间100分钟。

2. 请用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上。

3. 答卷前请将密封线内的项目填写清楚。

一、听力理解(20小题，每小题1分，共20分)第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。

每段对话读两遍。

1. Where is the woman going?A. To a hospital.B. To a bookstore.C. To a post office.2. What does the boy usually do on weekends?A. He does his homework.B. He watches movies.C. He watches TV.3. Whose coat is it?A. Kate's.B. Jim's.C. John's.4, How many students are there in the classroom?A. Five.B. Seven.C. Twelve.5. What happened to the boy?A. He broke his leg.B. He lost his bike.C. He was late for class.第二节听下面几段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

6. When is Jane's birthday?A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.7. What will the two speakers buy for Jane?A. A CD.B. A cake.C. Some flowers.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10小题。

2011年中考英语精品复习资料阅读理解篇（二）说明文（6）(A)China，Torch(火炬) Passing OnThe torch for the 29th Olympic Games was lit on March 25，2008．It will arrive in Beijing on August 8 after traveling across 135 cities around the world over 130 days．(B)Reading，Happiness and KnowledgeOn April 23，2008，World Reading Day，billions of people opened their books and read．Books brought them into a world of happiness and knowledge．(E)Movie on ShowDo you believe cats are afraid of mice? It is so in Mouse Madness，an American cartoon movie，which was on show in May，2008．(D)Plastic(塑料) Bags Limited(受限制)From June 1，2008，the Chinese are not allowed to use mon plastic bags thinner than ．Instead，they are encouraged to use cloth bags or environmental plastic bags.ronmtal plastic bags．(C)Chang’e I into SpaceChang’e I，China’s first moon satellite，went into space on October 24，2007．It took pictures of the moon and sent them back to the Earth．将下面各句与上面五条信息匹配，并将代表信息的字母写在相应的横线上。