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LA4X Arraymaintenance manual – level 1 (EN)ContentsDocument reference: LA4X maintenance manual - level 1 (EN) version 2.0Distribution date: March 20, 2017© L-Acoustics. All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the express written consent of the publisher.ContentsContentsSafety instructions 4 Symbols 4 Revision history 5 Introduction 6 1Equipment and tools 7 2Quality Control 8 3Troubleshooting and diagnosis 10 Diagnosis table (10)Exploded view (16)Working time (16)4Disassembly and Reassembly procedures 17 D/R 001 – REAR BRACKETS (17)D/R 002 – SIDE BRACKETS (18)D/R 003 – GRILL and FOAM FILTER (19)D/R 004 – Power plug (20)D/R 004 bis – FRONT HANDLE (21)Glossary 22 Appendix: KR list 23Safety instructionsSafety instructions1.Strictly follow the sequence of successive steps in all procedures.2.This manual contains the maintenance operations authorized for the end users.Performing another operation exposes to hazardous situations.3.Never incorporate equipment or accessories not approved by L-Acoustics®.4.Do not expose the apparatus to extreme conditions.Do not expose the apparatus to dusty environments, moisture or excessive heat when storing orperforming maintenance procedures.5.Do not store the product on an unstable cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table.6.Never use a faulty apparatus.An apparatus showing any sign of issue must immediately be put aside and withdrawn from use.7.Contact L-Acoustics for advanced maintenance.Any unauthorized maintenance operation will void the warranty.Before sending a product to L-Acoustics for maintenance, save all user presets to files usingLA Network Manager.SymbolsThe following symbols are used in this document:This symbol indicates a potential risk of harm to an individual or damage to the product.It can also notify the user about instructions that must be strictly followed to ensure safe installation or operation of the product.This symbol indicates a potential risk of electrical injury.It can also notify the user about instructions that must be strictly followed to ensure safe installation or operation of the product.This symbol notifies the user about instructions that must be strictly followed to ensure proper installation or operation of the product.This symbol indicates the equipment, tools, and spare parts required to perform a procedure.This symbol notifies the user about complementary information or optional instructions.Revision historyRevision historyDocument identification Distribution date ModificationsLA4X_MM1_EN_1.0 June 10, 2014 Initial versionLA4X MM1 EN version 2.0 March 20, 2017 - Added D/R 004 bis – FRONT HANDLE- Updated Exploded view- Updated Appendix: KR listIntroductionIntroductionThis manual is intended for end users and gathers the level 1 procedures.This manual contains the maintenance operations authorized for the end users.Performing another operation exposes to hazardous situations.Diagnosis tableThis section contains the diagnosis tables and procedures to identify the issues and how to address them.Exploded viewThis illustration gives an overview of the order in which the elements must be disassembled and reassembled. Each assembly refers to the corresponding module, D/R procedure and inspection procedure (if any).Disassembly and Reassembly proceduresThis section contains the maintenance procedures for each assembly identified in the exploded view.Quality ControlThese checks allow to detect an issue. The quality control must be performed regularly.It is mandatory to perform preventive maintenance actions on a regular basis.Insufficient upkeep of the product can void the warranty.Equipment and tools1Equipment and toolsThe following table is the complete list of equipment and tools required to perform all level 1 maintenance procedures on the LA4X amplified controller.* Refer to the documentation of the electric screwdriver manufacturer to obtain the setting corresponding to a given torque value. This setting can vary depending on the age of the tool. Verify it on a regular basis.Quality Control2Quality ControlThis procedure must be performed for periodic maintenance and to detect possible issues on a controller. ToolsNameaudio source with a known musical programLA NWMCAT5e U/FTP cablefull range loudspeakersubwooferear protectionsProcedureInspect the external structure of the controller for any lost or damaged part.To verify if the controller is clean, follow these steps:a.Disassemble the GRILL and the FOAM FILTER, see procedure D/R 003.b.Verify if the FOAM FILTER is clean.c.Look inside the controller through the front grill (do not touch any part) and verify if the inside is clean.d.Reassemble the GRILL and the FOAM FILTER, see procedure D/R 003.Plug the controller to mains and power it on.Verify if the LCD screen and all LED lit during the start-up sequence.To verify if the network functionalities of the controller work, follow these steps:a.Connect the controller to an Ethernet port of the computer hosting LA NWM.Use the CAT5e U/FTP cable.unch LA NWM.c.Verify if the controller can be put in online mode (refer to the LA NWM video tutorial).Verify if the latest version of firmware is installed (see the LA4X user manual or the LA NWM videotutorial).If not, update firmware from LA NWM.Select a known preset and verify if the indications displayed on screen are in accordance with it.To verify sound presence and quality on each output channel follow these steps:a.Plug the audio source to an input connector of the controller (IN A, IN B, IN C or IN D).b.Plug the full range loudspeaker to output connector OUT1.c.Select a corresponding preset.d.Select the routing from the audio source to OUT1.e.Play the musical program.f.Set the OUT1 gain to -40 dB.g.Unmute OUT1.h.Set the OUT1 gain to obtain a medium sound level.i.Verify if the sound is clear and undistorted.j.Mute OUT1.k.Repeat these steps for OUT2, OUT3 and OUT4.Quality Control There is a risk of ear damage due to high sound level.Use ear protections.To verify the power capability of each output channel follow these steps:a.Plug the audio source to an input connector of the controller (IN A, IN B, IN C or IN D).b.Plug the subwoofer to output connector OUT1.c.Select a corresponding preset.d.Select the routing from the audio source to OUT1.e.Play the musical program.f.Set the OUT1 gain to -40 dB.g.Unmute OUT1.h.Set the OUT1 gain to obtain a high sound level.i.Verify if the sound remains clear and undistorted up to the limit level.j.Mute OUT1.k.Repeat these steps for OUT2, OUT3 and OUT4.Troubleshooting and diagnosis3Troubleshooting and diagnosisDiagnosis tableFor any issue, follow the check sequence in the possible causes column.At each step, apply the inspection procedure (if exists) and consider the resulting diagnosis.Before applying a procedure, consider the EXPLODED VIEW to get acquainted with the disassembly/reassembly procedures to perform before and after.Troubleshooting and diagnosisPOWER CORD notconnected to mainsmains failure or wrongvoltagePOWER CORDdamagedother causecontroller connected to anon-compatible networkcondensing humidity intothe LCD screenother causeTroubleshooting and diagnosisTroubleshooting and diagnosisroom temperature too highFOAM FILTER cloggedcontroller not gettingenough cool airchannel x resourcessolicited to their limitsloudspeaker impedance toolowother causesporadic errorother causesfirmware update failureother causeTroubleshooting and diagnosisFAN blades blockedanythe mains failureoutputs mutedwrong input modewrong preset selectiongain value too low on the controlleraudio source not plugged or plugged into the wrong input connectoraudio source cable incorrectly plugged audio source cable damagedwrong settings on the audio sourcenon-audio bit stream audio source failureloudspeaker not plugged or plugged into the wrong output connector loudspeaker cable incorrectly plugged loudspeaker cable damagedloudspeaker damaged other causesTroubleshooting and diagnosisAES/EBU audio sourceconnected to anANALOG inputgain value too high onthe controlleroutput gain value toohigh on the audio sourceswitch to the analogfallback mode withwrong AES/EBU inputgain valuewrong preset selectionaudio source cableincorrectly pluggedaudio source cabledamagedwrong settings on theaudio sourceaudio source failureloudspeaker pluggedinto the wrong outputconnectorloudspeaker cableincorrectly pluggedloudspeaker cabledamagedloudspeaker damagedother causesTroubleshooting and diagnosisExploded viewThe following exploded view represents the external MODULES of the LA4X. Each MODULE is indicated by a circled number. The orange lines represent the disassembly/reassembly (D/R) order. Refer to the table below for more information.Working timeDisassembly and Reassembly procedures4 Disassembly and Reassembly proceduresD/R 001 – REAR BRACKETS Spare parts KR LABRACKETDisassembly procedureThis procedure describes how to replace the REAR BRACKETS of an LA4X amplified controller. Remove the two REAR BRACKETS pulling on them, see Figure 1.Figure 1: Removing the REAR BRACKETSReassembly procedureThis procedure describes how to mount the REAR BRACKETS kit to an LA4X amplified controller. Insert the two REAR BRACKETS pushing on them until they are locked, see Figure 2.Figure 2: Mounting the REAR BRACKETSDisassembly and Reassembly proceduresD/R 002 – SIDE BRACKETSToolsNameelectric screwdriverTorxSpare partsKR LA4XEQAVDisassembly procedureThis procedure describes how to remove the SIDE BRACKETS from an LA4X amplified controller.Undo the four Torx® screws from the locations indicated in Figure 3.Use the electric screwdriver with the Torx® T10 bit.Figure 3: Removing a SIDE BRACKET Remove the SIDE BRACKET from the controller.Repeat these steps for the other SIDE BRACKET.Reassembly procedureThis procedure describes how to mount a SIDE BRACKETS kit to an LA4X amplified controller.Position a SIDE BRACKET on the controller.Drive four Torx® screws to the locations indicated in Figure 4.Use the electric screwdriver with the Torx® T10 bit. Torque to 1 N.m.Figure 4: Mounting a SIDE BRACKET Repeat these steps with a second SIDE BRACKET on the other side of the controller.Disassembly and Reassembly proceduresD/R 003 – GRILL and FOAM FILTER ToolsName3.5 mm flat screwdriverSpare parts KR LA4XGRI KR LA4XMOU Disassembly procedureThere is a risk of electrical injury and a risk of trapping finger/handBefore any maintenance operation, disconnect the controller from mains and wait for 1 minute so the capacitors discharge completely.This procedure describes how to remove the GRILL and FOAM FILTER from an LA4X amplified controller. Insert the head of the screwdriver in the hole indicated in Figure 5.Figure 5: Removing the GRILLPush the internal latch with the screwdriver and pull out the right side of the GRILL. Push the internal latch with the screwdriver again until the latch comes out of the hole. Remove the GRILL and the FOAM FILTER from the controller.If the FOAM FILTER is intended to be cleaned, use mild dishwashing detergent or soap and then dry it.Reassembly procedureThis procedure describes how to mount a GRILL kit and a FOAM FILTER kit to an LA4X amplified controller. Place a FOAM FILTER into the GRILL.Insert the left side of the GRILL into the controller. Insert the internal latch into the controller. Use the screwdriver.Push on the right side of the GRILL until hearing a click sound.Disassembly and Reassembly proceduresD/R 004 – Power plugToolsNamewire stripping pliersStanley knifescrewdriver adapted to the new powerplugSpare partsSafetyThere is a risk of electrical injury when the high-voltage capacitors are charged.Before the maintenance operation, disconnect the POWER CORD from the mains and from the controller.Replacement procedureThis procedure describes how to replace the power plug on a POWER CORD.Unplug the POWER CORD from the mains.Unplug the POWER CORD from the controller.Cut the POWER CORD near the power plug.Use the Stanley knife.Strip the three wires of the POWER CORD on a length compatible with the new plug.Use the Stanley knife and the wire stripping pliers.Fix the three wires on the new plug according to the color code of Table 1.Use the screwdriver.Table 1: Wire color codeDisassembly and Reassembly proceduresD/R 004 bis – FRONT HANDLEToolsNameelectric screwdriverTorxSpare partsG03255Disassembly procedureThis procedure describes how to remove the FRONT HANDLE from an LA4X amplified controller.1.Undo the two Torx® screws from the locations indicated in Figure 6.Use the electric screwdriver with the Torx® T15 bit.2.Remove the FRONT HANDLE from the controller.3.Repeat these steps for the other FRONT HANDLE.Reassembly procedureThis procedure describes how to mount a FRONT HANDLE to an LA4X amplified controller.FRONT HANDLES can only be mounted on compatible FRONT STRUCTURE.To upgrade a controller with a non-compatible FRONT STRUCTURE, contact your L-Acoustics representative.Self-drilling screwsFor safety reasons, always reassemble new FRONT HANDLES.1.Position a FRONT HANDLE on the controller.2.Drive two Torx® screws to the locations indicated in Figure 6.Use the electric screwdriver with the Torx® T15 bit. Torque to 1 N.m3.Repeat these steps for the other FRONT HANDLE.Figure 6: Mounting a FRONT HANDLEGlossaryGlossaryCE EuropeCN ChinaD/R disassembly/reassemblyKR Replacement KitLA NWM La Network Manager remote control softwareMODULE part of an amplified controller, written in uppercase characters N.m newton meter, international torque unit, 1 N.m = 9 in.lb fUS United StatesAppendix: KR list Appendix: KR listL-Acoustics, an L-Group Company13 rue Levacher Cintrat – 91460 Marcoussis – France+33 1 69 63 69 63 –********************L-Acoustics GmbH Steiermärker Str. 3-5 70469 StuttgartGermany+49 7 11 89660 323L-Acoustics Ltd.PO. Box Adler Shine - Aston HouseCornwall Avenue - London N3 1LFUnited Kingdom+44 7224 11 234L-Acoustics Inc.2645 Townsgate Road, Suite 600Westlake Village, CA 91361USA+1 805 604 0577。
The New Periodic Table Song 新元素周期表之歌And now Asap SCIENCE presents: 现在，由ASAP科学推出的：The Elements of the Periodic Table. 元素周期表之歌There is Hydrogen and Helium. 首先是氢和氦，1 H 氢H ydrogen ['haidridʒən]美音：['haɪdrədʒən]2 He 氦H elium ['hi:liəm]美音：['hilɪəm]Then Lithium, Beryllium. 然后是锂，铍，3 Li 锂Lithium ['liθiəm]美音：['lɪθɪəm]4 Be 铍Beryllium [be'riliəm]美音：[bɛ'rɪlɪəm]Boron, Carbon everywhere. 硼，碳无处不在，5 B 硼Boron ['bɔ:rɔn]美音：['borɑn]6 C 碳CarbonNitrogen all through the air. 氮遍布于空气中，7 N 氮N itrogen ['naitrədʒən]美音：['naɪtrədʒən]With Oxygen so you can breath. 有氧你就能呼吸。
8 O 氧Oxygen ['ɔksidʒən]美音：['ɑksədʒən]And Fluorine for your pretty teeth. 并且氟效劳于你漂亮的牙齿，9 F 氟 Fluorine ['fluəri:n]美音：['fluə,rɪn]Neon to light up the signs, 氖点亮霓虹灯。
10 Ne 氖 Neon['ni:,ɔn]美音：['ni,ɑn]Sodium for salty times, 不够咸就加点钠，11 Na 钠Sodium ['səudiəm]美音：['sodɪəm]Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon，镁，铝，硅，12 Mg 镁Magnesium ['mæg'ni:ʃiəm]美音：['mæg'niʃɪəm]13 Al 铝Aluminum [,ælju'miniəm]美音：[,æljə'mɪnɪəm]14 Si 硅SiliconPhosphorus then, 磷，然后是15 P 磷Phosphorus ['fɔsfərəs]美音：['fɑsfərəs]Sulfur, Chlorine and Argon, 硫，氯和氩，16 S 硫Sulfur['sʌlfə]美音：['sʌlfɚ]17 Cl 氯Chlorine ['kləuri:n]美音：['klorin]18 A 氩Argon ['ɑ:gɔn]美音：['ɑrgɑn]Potassium, 钾19 K 钾Potassium[pə'tæsiəm]美音：[pə'tæsɪəm] And Calcium so you’ll grow strong.并且钙将使你强壮成长，20 Ca 钙Calcium ['kælsiəm]美音：['kælsɪəm] Scandium，钪21 Sc 钪Scandium['skændiəm]美音：['skændɪəm] Titanium, Vanadium and Chromium and Manganese。
镧系57 La镧5d16s2138.958 Ce铈4f15d16s2140.159 Pr镨4f36s2140.960 Nd钕4f46s2144.261 Pm钷4f56s2〔145〕62 Sm钐4f66s2150.463 Eu铕4f76s2152.064 Gd钆4f75d16s2157.365 Tb铽4f96s2158.966 Dy镝4f106s2162.567 Ho钬4f116s2164.968 Er铒4f126s2167.369 Tm铥4f136s2168.970 Yb镱4f146s2173.071 Lu镥4f145d16s2175.0锕系89 Ac锕6d17s2〔227〕90 Th钍6d27s2232.091 Pa镤5f26d17s2231.092 U铀5f36d17s2238.093 Np镎5f46d17s2〔237〕94 Pu钚5f67s2〔244〕95 Am镅*5f77s2〔243〕96 Cm锔*5f76d17s2〔247〕97 Bk锫*5f97s2〔147〕98 Cf锎*5f107s2〔251〕99 Es锿*5f117s2〔252〕100 Fm镄*5f127s2〔257〕101 Md钔*5f137s2〔258〕102 No锘*5f147s2〔259〕103 Lr铹*5f146d17s2〔262〕/'silv ə(r)//'læθənaid//'haidr əd ʒən/氢/'li θi əm/锂/b ə'rili əm/铍/'b ɔːr ɒn/硼/'k ɑːb ən/碳/'naitr əd ʒən/氮/'ɒksid ʒən/氧/'hi ːli əm/氦/'ni ːɒn/氖/'fl ɔːri ːn/氟/ælj ə'mini əm/铝/'silik ən/硅 /'f ɒsf ər əs/磷/‘s ʌlf ə(r)/硫/'kl ɔːri ːn/氯/’ɑːg ɒn/氩 /‘gæli əm/镓/d ʒɜː'meini əm/锗 /'ɑːsnik/砷/s ə'li ːni əm/硒/'br əʊmi ːn/ 溴/'kript ɒn/氪/'indi əm/铟/tin/锡/'æntim əni/锑 /'telj ʊəri əm/碲 /'ai ədi ːn/碘/'zen ɒn/氙/'θæli əm/铊/li ːd/铅/'bizm əθ/铋/'p əl əʊni əm/钋/'æst əti ːn/砹/'reid ɒn/氡/'s əʊdi əm/钠/mæg'ni ːzi əm/镁/p ə‘tæsi əm/钾/'kælsi əm/钙/'skændi əm/钪/ti'teini əm/钛/v ə'neidi əm/钒/'kr əʊmi əm/铬/'mæŋg əni ːz/锰/ai ən/铁/'k əʊb ɔːlt/钴/'nikl/镍/'k ɒp ə(r)/铜 /zi ŋk/锌/r ʊ'bidi əm/铷/'str ɒnti əm/锶/'itri əm/钇/z ɜː'k əʊni əm/钇/nai'əʊbi əm/铌/m ə'libd ən əm/钼/tek'ni ːʃɪəm/锝/ru ː'θi ːni əm/钌/'r əʊdi əm/铑/p ə'leidi əm/钯/'kædmi əm/镉/'m ɜːkj əri/汞/g əʊld/金/'plætin əm/铂/I'ridi əm/铱/'ɒzmi əm/锇/'ri ːni əm/铼/'t ʌŋst ən/钨/'tænt əl əm/钽/'hæfni əm/铪 /'silv ə(r)/银 /'læn θənaid/镧/'be əri əm/钡/'si ːzi əm/铯/'frænsi əm/钫/'reidi əm/镭/æk'tini əm/锕/'læn θən əm/镧/'si əri əm/铈/preizi əʊdimi əm/镨/ni ːəʊ'dimi əm/钕/pr ə'mi ːθi əm/钜/s ə'me əri əm/钐/j ʊər'əʊpi əm/铕/gæd ə'lini əm/钆/'t ɜːbi əm/铽/dis'pr əʊzi əm/镝/dis'pr əʊzi əm/镝 /'ɜːbi əm/铒 /'θu ːli əm/铥/i't ɜːbi əm/镱/lu ː'ti ːʃi əm/镏/æk'tini əm/锕/'θɔːri əm/钍/pr əʊtæk'tini əm/镤/ju'reini əm/铀/'ælk əlai/ 碱金属/'ælk əlain/ 碱土金属金属/'metl ɔɪd/类金属非金属/'hæl əd ʒən/ 卤素/'n əʊbl/ 稀有气体/'læn θənaid/ or /æk'tinaid/ 稀土元素NOBLE GASES1H 1.008Hydrogen1s1Oxidation States Electroneg.12.2Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 37–Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.7513.603Li 6.94Lithium 1s 22s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.10.98Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 152(+1)76Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.62 5.394Be 9.01Beryllium1s 22s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2 1.57Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 111(+2)45Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 9.3212Mg 24.31Magnesium [Ne]3s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2 1.31Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 160(+2)72Electron Affinity1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 7.6521Sc 44.96Scandium [Ar]3d 14s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.36Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 161(+3)75Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.19 6.5639Y 88.91Yttrium [Kr]4d 15s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.22Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 178(+3)102Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.31 6.2257La 138.9Lanthanum [Xe]5d 16s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.10Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 187(+3)116Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.5 5.7789Ac 227Actinium [Rn]6d 17s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.1Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 188(+3) -Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.17104Rf 261Rutherfordium [Rn]5f 146d 27s 2disc.1964105Db 262Dubnium [Rn]5f 146d 37s 2disc.196758Ce 140.1Cerium [Xe]4f 15d 16s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3,4 1.12Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 183(+3)114Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.5459Pr 140.9Praseodymium [Xe]4f 36s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3,4 1.13Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 182(+3)113Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.4660Nd 144.2Neodymium [Xe]4f 46s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.14Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 181(+3)114Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.5361Pm 145Promethium [Xe]4f 56s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 181(+3)109Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.5562Sm 150.4Samarium [Xe]4f 66s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3,2 1.17Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 180(+3)108Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.6463Eu 152.0Europium [Xe]4f 76s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3,2–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 199(+3)107Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.6764Gd 157.3Gadolinium [Xe]4f 75d 16s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.20Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 179(+3)105Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.1565Tb 158.9Terbium [Xe]4f 96s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3,4–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 176(+3)118Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.8666Dy 162.5Dysprosium [Xe]4f 106s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.22Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 175(+3)103Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.9467Ho 164.9Holmium [Xe]4f 116s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.23Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 174–Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.0268Er 167.3Erbium [Xe]4f 126s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.24Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 173(+3)100Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.1169Tm 168.9Thulium [Xe]4f 136s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3,2 1.25Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 173(+3)109Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.1870Yb 173.0Ytterbium [Xe]4f 146s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3,2–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 194(+3)99Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.2571Lu 175.0Lutetium [Xe]4f 145d 16s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.0Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 172(+3)98Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.4390Th 232.0Thorium [Rn]6d 27s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.4 1.3Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 180(+4)94Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.0891Pa 231.0Protactinium [Rn]5f 26d 17s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.5,4 1.5Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 161(+5)78Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.8992U 238.0Uranium [Rn]5f 36d 17s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.6,5,4,3 1.7Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 139(+6)73Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.1993Np 237Neptunium [Rn]5f 46d 17s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.6,5,4,3 1.3Atomic Radius Ionic Radius –(+5)75Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.2794Pu 244Plutonium [Rn]5f 67s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.6,5,4,3 1.3Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 151(+4)86Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.0695Am 243Americium [Rn]5f 77s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.6,5,4,3–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 131(+3)98Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.9996Cm 247Curium [Rn]5f 76d 17s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius –(+3)97Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.0297Bk 247Berkelium [Rn]5f 97s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.4,3–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius –(+3)96Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.2398Cf 251Californium [Rn]5f 107s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius –(+3)95Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.3099Es 252Einsteinium [Rn]5f 117s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.42100Fm 257Fermium [Rn]5f 127s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.50101Md 258Mendelevium [Rn]5f 137s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3,2–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.58102No 259Nobelium [Rn]5f 147s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3,2–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 6.65103Lr 262Lawrencium [Rn]5f 146d 17s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.3–Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.––106Sg 266Seaborgium [Rn]5f 146d 47s 2disc.1974107Bh 264Bohrium [Rn]5f 146d 57s 2disc.1981108Hs 269Hassium [Rn]5f 146d 67s 2disc.1984109Mt 268Meitnerium [Rn]5f 146d 77s 2disc.1982110Ds 281Darmstadtium [Rn]5f 146d 97s 1Darmstats, Germany111Uuu 272Unununium disc.1994Darmstats, Germany 112Uub 277Ununbium disc.1996Darmstats, Germany 113Uut 284Ununtrium disc.2004Dubna, Russia 114Uuq 289Ununquadium disc.1999Dubna, Russia 115Uup 288Ununpentium disc.2004Dubna, Russia 116??Notdiscovered - -117??Notdiscovered --118??Notdiscovered - -72Hf 178.5Hafnium [Xe]4f 145d 26s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.4 1.3Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 156(+4)83Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.~0 6.8373Ta 180.9Tantalum [Xe]4f 145d 36s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.5 1.5Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 143(+5)64Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.327.8974W 183.8Tungsten [Xe]4f 145d 46s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.6,5,4,3,2 1.7Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 137(+6)60Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.867.9875Re 186.2Rhenium [Xe]4f 145d 56s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.7,6,4,2,-1 1.9Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 137(+7)53Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.157.8876Os 190.2Osmium [Xe]4f 145d 66s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2,3,4,6,8 2.2Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 134(+4)63Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.108.777Ir 192.2Iridium [Xe]4f 145d 76s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2,3,4,6 2.2Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 136(+4)63Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.579.178Pt 195.1Platinum [Xe]4f 145d 96s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.2,4 2.2Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 139(+4)63Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.2.139.079Au 197.0Gold [Xe]4f 145d 106s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.3,1 2.4Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 144(+3)85Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.2.319.2380Hg 200.6Mercury [Xe]4f 145d 106s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2,11.9Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 150(+2)102Electron Affinity1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 10.4481Tl 204.4Thallium [Xe]4f 145d 106s 2p 1Oxidation States Electroneg.3,1 1.8Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 170(+1)159Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.2 6.1182Pb 207.2Lead [Xe]4f 145d 106s 2p 2Oxidation States Electroneg.4,2 1.8Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 175(+2)119Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.367.4283Bi 209.0Bismuth [Xe]4f 145d 106s 2p 3Oxidation States Electroneg.3,5 1.9Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 155(+3)103Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.957.2984Po 209Polonium [Xe]4f 145d 106s 2p 4Oxidation States Electroneg.4,2 2.0Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 118(+4)–Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.98.4240Zr 91.22Zirconium [Kr]4d 25s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.4 1.33Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 159(+4)84Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.43 6.6341Nb 92.91Niobium [Kr]4d 45s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.5,3 1.60Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 143(+5)64Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.90 6.7642Mo 95.94Molybdenum [Kr]4d 55s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.6,5,4,3,2 2.16Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 136(+6)59Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.757.0943Tc 98Technetium [Kr]4d 55s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.7 2.10Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 135–Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.557.2844Ru 101.1Ruthenium [Kr]4d 75s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.2,3,4,6,8 2.20Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 133(+3)68Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.057.3645Rh 102.9Rhodium [Kr]4d 85s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.2,3,4 2.28Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 135(+3)67Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.147.4646Pd 106.4Palladium [Kr]4d 10Oxidation States Electroneg.2,4 2.20Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 138(+2)64Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.568.3447Ag 107.9Silver [Kr]4d 105s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.1 1.93Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 145(+1)115Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.307.5848Cd 112.4Cadmium [Kr]4d 105s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2 1.69Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 149(+2)95Electron Affinity1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 8.9949In 114.8Indium [Kr]4d 105s 2p 1Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.78Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 163(+3)80Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.30 5.7950Sn 118.7Tin [Kr]4d 105s 2p 2Oxidation States Electroneg.4,2 1.96Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 141(+4)45Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.117.3422Ti 47.87Titanium [Ar]3d 24s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.4 1.54Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 145(+4)61Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.08 6.8323V 50.94Vanadium [Ar]3d 34s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.5.3 1.63Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 131(+5)54Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.53 6.7524Cr 52.00Chromium [Ar]3d 54s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.6,3,2 1.66Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 125(+3)62Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.67 6.7725Mn 54.94Manganese [Ar]3d 54s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.7,6,4,2,3 1.55Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 137(+2)67Electron Affinity1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 7.4326Fe 55.85Iron [Ar]3d 64s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2,3 1.83Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 124(+3)55Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.1517.9027Co 58.93Cobalt [Ar]3d 74s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2,3 1.88Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 125(+2)65Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.667.8828Ni 58.69Nickel [Ar]3d 84s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2,3 1.91Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 125(+2)69Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.167.6429Cu 63.55Copper [Ar]3d 104s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.2,1 1.90Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 128(+2)73Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.247.7330Zn 65.39Zinc [Ar]3d 104s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2 1.65Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 133(+2)74Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 9.3931Ga 69.72Gallium [Ar]3d 104s 2p 1Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.81Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 122(+3)62Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.3 5.1013Al 26.98Aluminum [Ne]3s 2p 1Oxidation States Electroneg.3 1.61Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 143(+3)54Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.44 5.995B 10.81Boron 1s 22s 2p 1Oxidation States Electroneg.3 2.04Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 80–Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.288.306C 12.01Carbon 1s 22s 2p 2Oxidation States Electroneg.4,2 2.55Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 77(+4)16Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.2611.267N 14.01Nitrogen 1s 22s 2p 3Oxidation States Electroneg.3,5,4,2 3.04Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 74(+3)16Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 14.538O 16.00Oxygen 1s 22s 2p 4Oxidation States Electroneg.-2 3.44Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 74(-2)140Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.4613.629F 19.00Fluorine 1s 22s 2p 5Oxidation States Electroneg.-1 3.98Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 71(-1)133Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.3.4017.4210Ne 20.18Neon 1s 22s 2p 6Oxidation States Electroneg.––Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 21.572He 4.003Helium 1s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.––Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 24.5914Si 28.09Silicon [Ne]3s 2p 2Oxidation States Electroneg.4 1.90Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 118(+4)40Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.398.1515P 30.97Phosphorus [Ne]3s 2p 3Oxidation States Electroneg.3,5,42.19Atomic RadiusIonic Radius 110(+5)17Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.7510.4933As 74.92Arsenic [Ar]3d 104s 2p 3Oxidation States Electroneg.3,5 2.18Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 125(+3)58Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.819.8152Te 127.6Tellurium [Kr]4d 105s 2p 4Oxidation States Electroneg.2,4,62.10Atomic RadiusIonic Radius 143(-2)221Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.979.0185At 210Astatine [Xe]4f 145d 106s 2p 5Oxidation States Electroneg.1,3,5,72.2Atomic RadiusIonic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.2.8-20Ca 40.08Calcium [Ar]4s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.2 1.00Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 197(+2)100Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.04 6.1138Sr 87.62Strontium [Kr]5s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.20.95Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 215(+2)126Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.11 5.7056Ba 137.3Barium [Xe]6s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.20.89Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 217(+2)142Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.15 5.2188Ra 226Radium [Rn]7s 2Oxidation States Electroneg.20.9Atomic Radius Ionic Radius –(+2)162Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.– 5.2811Na 22.99Sodium [Ne]3s 1Oxidation States Electroneg.10.93Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 186(+1)102Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.55 5.1419K 39.10Potassium[Ar]4s1Oxidation States Electroneg.10.82Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 227(+1)151Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.50 4.3437Rb 85.47Rubidium[Kr]5s1Oxidation States Electroneg.10.82Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 248(+1)161Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.49 4.1855Cs 132.9Cesium[Xe]6s1Oxidation States Electroneg.10.79Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 265(+1)174Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.47 3.8987Fr 223Francium[Rn]7s1Oxidation States Electroneg.10.7Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.0.46–+–34Se 78.96Selenium [Ar]3d 104s 2p 4Oxidation States Electroneg.2,4,62.55Atomic RadiusIonic Radius 116(-2)198Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.2.029.75+–35Br 79.90Bromine [Ar]3d 104s 2p 5Oxidation States Electroneg.1,5 2.96Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 114(-1)196Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.3.3611.81+–36Kr 83.80Krypton [Ar]3d 104s 2p 6Oxidation States Electroneg.––Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 14.00+–+–16S 32.07Sulfur [Ne]3s 2p 4Oxidation States Electroneg.2,4,62.58Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 103(-2)184Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.2.0810.36+–17Cl 35.45Chlorine [Ne]3s 2p 5Oxidation States Electroneg.1,3,5,73.16Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 99(-1)181Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.3.6112.97+–18Ar 39.95Argon [Ne]3s 2p 6Oxidation States Electroneg.––Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 15.76+–53I 126.9Iodine [Kr]4d 105s 2p 5Oxidation States Electroneg.1,5,72.66Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 133(-1)220Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.3.0610.45+–54Xe 131.3Xenon [Kr]4d 105s 2p 6Oxidation States Electroneg.– 2.60Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 12.13+–86Rn 222Radon [Xe]4f 145d 106s 2p 6Oxidation States Electroneg.––Atomic Radius Ionic Radius ––Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.Unstable Anion 10.7551Sb 121.8Antimony [Kr]4d 105s 2p 3Oxidation States Electroneg.3,5 2.05Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 145(+3)76Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.078.64+–32Ge 72.61Germanium [Ar]3d 104s 2p 2Oxidation States Electroneg.4 2.01Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 123(+4)53Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.1.237.90ALKALIMETALS A C T I N I D ES E R I E S L A N T H A N I D E S E R I E S Atomic Number:number of protons Atomic Weight:weighted average of atomic masses of natural isotopes - mass number of the most stable isotope for each radioactive element 23456789111210131415161718ALKALINE EARTHMETALSHALOGENS Electronegativity:Pauling scale; measures ability of atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond Atomic Radius:given in “pm”; 1 pm = 1x10-12mIonic Radius:given in “pm”; 1 pm = 1x10-12mElectron Affinity:energy released in the formation of ananion: given in “eV”1st Ionization Potential:energy required to remove one electron,forming a cation; given in “eV” $4.95 U.S. / $7.50 CAN REFERENCE: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics • 81st edition, 2000-2001CONTENT ADVISOR: Mark Jackson, PhD Chemistry Professor - Florida Atlantic UniversityDESIGN / LAYOUT: John Ford, CEO -Customer Hotline # 1.800.230.9522March 2005ISBN 142320003-9visit us at All rights reserved.No part of this publica-tion may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform, or by any means, electronic or mechan-ical, including photocopy , recording, or anyinformation storage and retrieval sy stem,without written permission from the publisher.©2002, 2005 BarCharts, Inc.1.00791 4.0026220.1801014.007739.9481835.4531718.998915.999883.8036131.2954(222)8612.0116C 10.811B 526.982Al 1328.086Si 1430.9741532.065S 166.941Li 39.0122Be 422.9901124.305Mg1239.0981940.078Ca 2044.956Sc 2147.867Ti 2250.942V 2351.996Cr 2454.938Mn 2555.845Fe 2658.933Co 2758.693Ni 2863.546Cu 2965.39Zn 3069.7233172.64Ge 3274.922As 3378.96Se 3479.9043585.4683787.62Sr 3888.906Y 3991.224Zr 4092.906Nb 4195.94Mo 42132.9155137.33Ba 56138.91La La-Lu 57-7157178.49Hf 72180.95Ta 73183.84W 74(223)87(226)Ra 88(227)AcAc-Lr 89-10389(98)Tc43126.90I 53101.07Ru 44102.91Rh 45106.42Pd 46107.87Ag 47112.41Cd 48186.21Re 75190.23Os 76192.22Ir 77195.08Pt 78196.97Au 79200.59P Na K Ga RbCsFrHg 80204.38Tl 81207.2Pb 82208.98Bi 83(209)Po 84(210)At 85114.82In 49118.71Sn 50121.76Sb 51127.60Te 52H He Ne N Ar Cl F O Kr Xe Rn Br IA IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB IB IIB IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIB VIIIA 154231314151617186789101112IIIA 174.97Lu 71140.12Ce 58232.04Th 90231.04Pa 91238.03U 92140.91Pr 59144.24Nd 60(262)Lr 103(145)Pm 61(237)Np 93(244)Pu 94(243)Am 95(247)Cm 96(247)Bk 97(251)Cf 98(252)Es 99(257)Fm 100(258)Md 101(259)No 102150.36Sm 62151.96Eu 63157.25Gd 64158.93Tb 65162.50Dy 66164.93Ho 67167.26Er 68168.93Tm 69173.04Yb 70(264)Bh 107(261)Rf 104(262)Db 105(266)Sg 106(277)Hs 108(268)Mt 109Copyright EniG. (eni@ktf-split.hr)© 1998-200310.811B 513(281)Uun 110(272)Uuu 111(285)Uub 112(289)Uuq 114Ne Ga Fe Tc 123456711621718HYDROGEN HELIUM NEON NITROGEN ARGON CHLORINE FLUORINE OXYGEN KRYPTON XENON RADON CARBON BORON ALUMINIUM SILICON PHOSPHORUS SULPHUR LITHIUM BERYLLIUM SODIUM MAGNESIUM POTASSIUM CALCIUM SCANDIUM TITANIUM VANADIUM CHROMIUM MANGANESE COBALT NICKEL COPPER ZINC GALLIUM GERMANIUM ARSENIC SELENIUM BROMINE RUBIDIUM STRONTIUM YTTRIUM ZIRCONIUM NIOBIUM MOLYBDENUM CAESIUM BARIUM LANTHANUM HAFNIUM TANTALUM TUNGSTEN FRANCIUM RADIUM ACTINIUM TECHNETIUM IODINE RUTHENIUM RHODIUM PALLADIUM SILVER CADMIUM RHENIUM OSMIUM IRIDIUM PLATINUM GOLD THALLIUM LEAD BISMUTH POLONIUM ASTATINE INDIUM TIN ANTIMONY TELLURIUM P E R I O D GROUPIRON MERCURY LANTHANIDEACTINIDE LUTETIUM CERIUM THORIUM PROTACTINIUM URANIUM PRASEODYMIUM NEODYMIUM LAWRENCIUMPROMETHIUM NEPTUNIUM PLUTONIUM AMERICIUM CURIUM BERKELIUM CALIFORNIUM EINSTEINIUM FERMIUM MENDELEVIUM NOBELIUM SAMARIUM EUROPIUM GADOLINIUM TERBIUM DYSPROSIUM HOLMIUM ERBIUM THULIUM YTTERBIUM BOHRIUM RUTHERFORDIUM DUBNIUM SEABORGIUM HASSIUM MEITNERIUM http://www.ktf-split.hr/periodni/en/Lanthanide Actinide PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS BORON ATOMIC NUMBERELEMENT NAME SYMBOL (1) Pure Appl. Chem.,, No. 4, 667-683 (2001)73Editor:Aditya Vardhan (adivar@)Relative atomic mass is shown with fivesignificant figures.For elements have no stablenuclides,the value enclosed in bracketsindicates the mass number of the longest-livedisotope of the element.However three such elements (Th,Pa,and U)do have a characteristic terrestrial isotopiccomposition,and for these an atomic weight istabulated.Metal Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Transition metals LanthanideActinide Chalcogens element Halogens elementNoble gas Semimetal Nonmetal - gas - liquid - solid - syntheticSTANDARD STATE (100 °C; 101 kPa)UNUNNILIUM UNUNUNIUM UNUNQUADIUMUNUNBIUM RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (1)GROUP CAS GROUP IUPACNotes- I UPAC 2011 Standard atomic weights abridged to four significant digits (Table 4 published in Pure Appl. Chem. 85, 1047-1078 (2013); /10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02. The uncertainty in the last digit of the standard atomic weight value is listed in parentheses following the value. In the absence of parentheses, the uncertainty is one in that last digit. An interval in square brackets provides the lower and upper bounds of the standard atomic weight for that element. No values are listed for elements which lack isotopes with a characteristic isotopic abundance in naturalterrestrial samples. See PAC for more details. - “Aluminum” and “cesium” are commonly used alternative spellings for “aluminium” and “caesium.”- Claims for the discovery of all the remaining elements in the last row of the Table, namely elements with atomic numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118, and for which no assignments have yet been made, are being considered by a IUPAC and IUPAP Joint Working Party.For updates to this table, see /reports/periodic_table/. This version is dated 1 May 2013.Copyright © 2013 IUPAC, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.InternatIonal UnIon of PUre and aPPlIed ChemIstry1Hhydrogen[1.007; 1.009]1183Li lithium[6.938; 6.997]4Be beryllium 9.01211Nasodium22.9912Mg magnesium 24.3119Kpotassium39.1020Ca calcium 40.0837Rbrubidium85.4738Sr strontium 87.6255Cscaesium132.956Ba barium 137.387Frfrancium 88Ra radium 5B boron [10.80; 10.83]13Al aluminium 26.9831Ga gallium 69.7249In indium 114.881Tl thallium [204.3; 204.4]6C carbon [12.00; 12.02]14Si silicon [28.08; 28.09]32Ge germanium 72.6350Sn tin 118.782Pb lead 207.27N nitrogen [14.00; 14.01]15P phosphorus 30.9733As arsenic 74.9251Sb antimony 121.883Bi bismuth 209.08O oxygen [15.99; 16.00]16S sulfur [32.05; 32.08]34Se selenium 78.96(3)52Te tellurium 127.684Po polonium 9F fluorine 19.0017Cl chlorine [35.44; 35.46]35Br bromine 79.9053I iodine 126.985At astatine 10Ne neon 20.182He helium 4.00318Ar argon 39.9536Kr krypton 83.8054Xe xenon 131.386Rn radon22Ti titanium 47.8740Zr zirconium 91.2272Hf hafnium 178.5104Rf rutherfordium23V vanadium 50.9441Nb niobium 92.9173Ta tantalum 180.9105Db dubnium 24Cr chromium 52.0042Mo molybdenum 95.96(2)74W tungsten 183.8106Sg seaborgium 25Mn manganese 54.9443Tc technetium 75Re rhenium 186.2107Bh bohrium 26Fe iron 55.8544Ru ruthenium 101.176Os osmium 190.2108Hs hassium 27Co cobalt 58.9345Rh rhodium 102.977Ir iridium 192.2109Mt meitnerium 28Ni nickel 58.6946Pd palladium 106.478Pt platinum 195.1110Ds darmstadtium 29Cu copper 63.5547Ag silver 107.979Au gold 197.030Zn zinc 65.38(2)48Cd cadmium 112.480Hg mercury 200.6111Rg roentgenium 112Cn copernicium57Lalanthanum138.989Acactinium 58Ce cerium 140.190Th thorium232.059Pr praseodymium 140.991Pa protactinium 231.060Nd neodymium 144.292U uranium 238.061Pm promethium 93Np neptunium 62Sm samarium 150.494Pu plutonium 63Eu europium 152.095Am americium 64Gd gadolinium 157.396Cm curium 65Tb terbium 158.997Bk berkelium 66Dy dysprosium 162.598Cf californium 67Ho holmium 164.999Es einsteinium 68Er erbium 167.3100Fm fermium 69Tm thulium 168.9101Md mendelevium 70Yb ytterbium 173.1102No nobelium 71Lu lutetium 175.0103Lr lawrencium21Sc scandium 44.9639Y yttrium 88.9157-71lanthanoids 89-103actinoids atomic numberSymbol standard atomic weight 213 14 15 16 17 Key: 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 name For updates to this table, see /reports/periodic_table/. This version is dated 21 January 2011.Copyright © 2011 IUPAC, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.Notes- IUPAC 2009 Standard atomic weights abridged to four significant digits (Table 4 published in Pure Appl. Chem. 83, 359-396 (2011);doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14). The uncertainty in the last digit of the standard atomic weight value is listed in parentheses following the value.In the absence of parentheses, the uncertainty is one in that last digit. An interval in square brackets provides the lower and upper bounds of thestandard atomic weight for that element. No values are listed for elements with no stable isotopes. See PAC for more details.- “Aluminum” and “cesium” are commonly used alternative spellings for “aluminium” and “caesium.”IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements镧系La镧 Ce铈Pr镨Nd钕Pm钷Sm钐Eu铕Gd钆Tb铽Dy镝Ho钬Er铒Tm铥Yb镱Lu镥lán shìpǔnǚpǒshān yǒu gátèdīhuǒěr diūyìlǔlanthanun cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium 57138.958140.159140.960144.261[145]62150.46315264157.365158.966162.567164.968167.369168.97017371175锕系Ac锕Th钍Pa镤U铀Np镎Pu钚Am镅*Cm锔*Bk锫*Cf锎*Es锿*Fm镄*Md钔*No锘*Lr铹*ātǔpúyóu nábùméi jūpéi kāiāi fèi mén nuòláo actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium 89[227]90232912319223893[237]94[244]95[243]96[247]97[247]98[251]99[252]100[257]101[258]102[259]103[262]。
Atomic Number†Atomic WeightSymbol†Ground-State Level*Electronegativity (Pauling)Name*Density [Note]†Ionization Energy (eV)*Melting Point (°C)*Boiling Point (°C)Atomic radius (pm)[Note]Crystal Structure [Note]†Electron ConfigurationPossible Oxidation States [Note]Phase at STP†Common ConstantsSource: Absolute Zero -273.15 °CGravitation Constant 6.67428x10-11 m 3 kg -1 s -2Atomic Mass Unit 1.660539x10-27kg Molar Gas Constant8.314472 J mol -1 K -1Categories Avogadro Constant6.022142x1023 mol -1Molar Volume (Ideal Gas)0.02241410 m 3/mol Base of Natural Logarithms 2.718281828PI3.14159265358979Boltzmann constant 1.380650x10-23 J/K Planck Constant6.626069x10-34 J s Electron Mass9.10938215x10-31 kg Proton-Electron Mass Ratio 1836.152672470.5110 MeV Rydberg Constant10 973 732 m -1Electron Radius (Classical) 2.8179403x10-15 m 3.289842x1015 Hz Electron Volt 1.602176x10-19 J 13.6057 eV Elementry Charge 1.602176x10-19 C Second Radiation Constant 0.01438769 m K Faraday Constant 96 485.3399 C/mol Speed of Light in a Vacuum 299 792 458 m/s fine-structure constant 0.0072973525Speed of sound in air at STP 343.2 m/s [42]First Radiation Constant3.7417749x10-16 W m2Standard Pressure101 325 Pa{42}References:†, * (Mathematic),CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st Edition, 2000-2001, and others18VIIIA Notes:- Density units are g/cm 3 for solids and g/L or kg/cm 3 at 0° Celsius for gases- Atomic Weight based on 12C- ( ) indicate mass number of most stable isotope - Common Oxidation States in bold- Electron Config. based on IUPAC guidelines- § indicates crystal structure is unusual or may require explanation- (m) Metallic radius, (v) Covalent radius © 2011 Vertex42 LLC. All rights reserved.Design by CnPeriodic Table of the Elements DbSg(v) 37-+1,-1LiPeriodic Table of the ElementsGROUP 1IA 1 1.0079424.00260216VIAFree Downloads at -1s 11s 11s 217VIIA0.178524.5874-259.14P e r i o d111.007940.089913.5984He1S 02.22.2-H2S 1/2H2S 1/2HydrogenHydrogenHelium2IIA 0.089913.5984(v) 37FCC +1,-1-268.93-259.14-252.87-(v) 3213IIIA 14IVA15VA-252.8709.012182510.8116236.941415.9994918.99840321012.0107714.0067820.17972S 1/2Be1S 0BG 2P°1/2C3P 0N3P 2F3.043.442.042.554S°3/2O2P°3/2Ne1S 00.981.57Gas Liquid Solid Synthetic3.98-LithiumBerylliumm u R BoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon9.3227 2.468.2980 2.26p 207513.6181 1.69617.42280.911.2603 1.25114.5341 1.4294027-210.121.5645180.54134212872470Alkali Metals Noble Gas e -246.08(m) 152BCC(m) 112HCPk h (v) 82-195.79-218.3rhom.(v) 77hex(v) 75-188.12-248.59-182.9-219.640003550 -0.535 5.3917 1.848[He] 2s 1[He] 2s 2Alkaline EarthMetalsHalogens m e m e /m p [He] 2s 2 2p 1-(v) 73[He] 2s 2 2p 2[He] 2s 2 2p 3[He] 2s 2 2p 4[He] 2s 2 2p 5-(v) 69-(v) 71[He] 2s 2 2p 6+1+2me c 2R ∞+3+2,4,-4+2,3,4,5,-2,-3-2-1031122.9897701224.3050Transition Metals Non Metalsr0R ∞c 1839.9481530.973611632.065Na2S 1/2Mg1S 01735.4531326.9815381428.0855Si3P 0P4S°3/2eV R ∞hc Al2P°3/22.583.16Ar1S 00.93 1.31Rare Earth Metalse ch/k 1.611.902.19-SodiumMagnesiumF cAluminumSilicon PhosphorusSulfurChlorineArgon5.1391 1.7387.6462Poor Metals Metalloidsa2.710.4867 1.9610.36003.2145.9858 2.338.1517 1.8232P°1/2S3P 2Cl11IB 12IIB (m) 1436VIB 7VIIB 8VIII 9VIII §(v) 102FCO12.9676 1.78415.759697.7288365010902p hc 2660.32280.5115.21444.72-101.525191414290044.2-34.04-189.3-185.80.968(v) 99FCC(v) 111cubic(v) 106-(v) 97-[Ne] 3s 1[Ne] 3s 2[Ne] 3s 2 3p 1[Ne] 3s 2 3p 2[Ne] 3s 2 3p 3[Ne] 3s 2 3p 4[Ne] 3s 2 3p 5[Ne] 3s 2 3p 6+1+2+3+2,4,-4+3,4,5,-3+2,4,6,-2+1,3,5,7,-1010VIII (m) 186BCC(m) 160HCP3IIIB 4IVB 5VB 41939.09832063.3875984240.078K2S 1/22350.94152451.99612144.9559102247.8674.507 6.82810.856 4.3407 1.55 6.1132 2.985 6.5615 6.11 6.74627.14 6.7665+2,3,6Ni3F 4Cu1.881.912S 1/2Zn1S 02758.9332002858.69342554.9380492655.845312963.5463065.409Ti3F 2V4F 3/2Ca1S 0Sc2D 3/2Fe5D 4Co1.83Cr7S 3Mn6S 5/24F 9/2Ge3P 0As1.812.014S°3/2Se3P 2Br2.182.552P°3/2Kr79.9043683.7983374.921603478.9669.7233272.64351S 00.82 1.00 1.361.54 1.631.66 1.552.963PotassiumCalciumScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromiumManganeseIronGalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumCobaltNickelCopperZincBromineKryptonGa1.901.652P°1/28.97.88108.9087.63987.477.43407.8747.9024 5.904 5.9993 5.3237.89948.927.72647.149.3942 3.1211.8138 3.7513.99965.7279.7886 4.8199.7524328719103407190714841541283016682861149529271455267112462061153890729.762204938.329131084.622927419.53685-7.359-157.362820817614221-153.22(m) 227BCC(m) 197FCC(m) 162HCP(m) 147HCP(m) 134§cubic(m) 126BCC(m) 125BCC(m) 128BCC(m) 127FCC(m) 134§hex(m) 135HCP(m) 124FCC(m) 128rhom.(v) 116§hex(v) 114§BCO(v) 122§cubic(v) 119BCO(v) 110-[Ar] 4s 1[Ar] 4s 2[Ar] 3d 1 4s 2[Ar] 3d 2 4s 2[Ar] 3d 3 4s 2[Ar] 3d 5 4s 1[Ar] 3d 5 4s 2+2,3,4,6,7[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 1[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 2[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 3[Ar] 3d 6 4s 2[Ar] 3d 7 4s 2[Ar] 3d 8 4s 2[Ar] 3d 10 4s 1+2,3+1,2[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 4[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 5[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 6+1+2+3+2,3,4+2,3,4,5053785.46783887.623988.90585+2+34091.2244192.90638+2,4,6,-2+1,5,-1+2,4+3,5,-3+2,3+2,344101.0745102.905504295.9443(98)48112.41149114.8184654131.293Rb2S 1/2Sr1S 0Y2D 3/2Zr3F 2Nb6D 1/2Mo7S 31.602.16Tc6S 5/2Ru5F 51.91S 01.931.69In2P°1/2Sn3P 01.781.96106.4247107.868252127.6053126.9044750118.71051121.760Sb4S°3/2Te3P 22.052.10I2P°3/2Xe1S 02.662.60RubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconium0.820.95 1.221.33IodineXenon2.20Rh4F 9/2Pd1S 02.282.20Ag2S 1/2CdIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumRhodiumPalladiumSilverCadmium1.532 4.17712.63 5.6949 4.472 6.21738.57 6.758910.287.0924NiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRuthenium12.457.458912.0238.336911.57.2812.377.36057.31 5.78647.317.343910.497.57628.658.9938 4.9410.4513 5.912.12986.6978.6084 6.249.00961526334518554409-111.8-108630.631587449.519886.511 6.633939.31688777138221574265233441502477474426234639961.782162321.07767196436951554.92963113.7184.3156.62072231.932602(m) 146BCC(m) 139BCC(m) 180HCP(m) 160HCP(m) 134FCC(m) 137FCC(m) 136HCP(m) 134HCP(m) 167§tetra.(v) 141§tetra.(m) 144FCC(m) 151§hex(v) 133BCO(v) 130-(v) 138§rhom.(v) 135hex[Kr] 4d 4 5s 1[Kr] 4d 5 5s 1[Kr] 4d 5 5s 2[Kr] 4d 7 5s 1[Kr] 5s 1[Kr] 5s 2[Kr] 4d 1 5s 2[Kr] 4d 2 5s 2[Kr] 4d 10 5s 2 5p 1[Kr] 4d 10 5s 2 5p 2[Kr] 4d 10 5s 2 5p 3[Kr] 4d 10 5s 2 5p 4[Kr] 4d 8 5s 1[Kr] 4d 10[Kr] 4d 10 5s 1[Kr] 4d 10 5s 2[Kr] 4d 10 5s 2 5p 5[Kr] 4d 10 5s 2 5p 6(m) 248BCC(m) 215FCC+1+2+3+4+3,5+2,3,4,5,6+4,7+2,3,4,6,872178.49+3+2,4+3,5,-3+2,4,6,-2+2,3,4+2,4+1+283208.9803884(209)655132.9054556137.327Lanthanide Series73180.947974183.84+1,5,7,-1077192.21778195.07875186.20776190.2381204.383382207.279196.9665580200.5985(210)86(222)2.33 2.02Hf3F 2Ta4F 3/2Cs2S 1/2Ba1S 0Os5D 4Ir4F 9/2W5D 0Re6S 5/2PtPo3P 2At2P°3/22.0 2.2Rn1S 00.790.89 1.3 1.52.36 1.92.2 2.2-3D 3Au2S 1/22.28 2.54Hg1S 0Tl2P°1/221.62Pb3P 0Bi4S°3/2CesiumBariumHafniumTantalumTungstenRheniumOsmiumIridiumPlatinumBismuthPoloniumAstatineRadonGoldMercuryThalliumLead13.31 6.825116.657.54961.879 3.8939 3.51 5.211722.618.438222.658.967019.257.864021.027.833513.53410.437511.85 6.108221.098.958819.39.22559.1968.414--11.347.41679.787.28559.7310.748528.446717271870223346033017545830335012246644283422555531865596-38.83356.7330414731768.338251064.182856254962302-327.461749271.31564-71-61.7(m) 265BCC(m) 222BCC(m) 159HCP(m) 146BCC(m) 135HCP(m) 136FCC(m) 139BCC(m) 137HCP(m) 151§rhom.(m) 170HCP(m) 139FCC(m) 144FCC-§cubic--(m) 175FCC(v) 146§rhom.(v) 145-[Xe] 6s 1[Xe] 6s 2[Xe] 4f 14 5d 2 6s 2[Xe] 4f 14 5d 3 6s 2[Xe] 4f 14 5d 4 6s 2[Xe] 4f 14 5d 5 6s 2[Xe] 4f 14 5d 6 6s 2[Xe] 4f 14 5d 7 6s 2[Hg] 6p 2[Hg] 6p 3[Hg] 6p 4[Hg] 6p 5[Xe] 4f 14 5d 9 6s 1[Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 1[Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2[Hg] 6p 1[Hg] 6p 6+1+2+4+5+2,3,4,5,6+2,4,6,7,-1+2,3,4,6,8+2,3,4,6+2,4+3,5+2,4+1,3,5,7,-1+1,3+1,2+1,3+2,4787(223)88Fr2S 1/2Francium(226)Actinide Series104(261)Ra1S 0Rf3F 2 ?RadiumRutherfordium- 4.07275 5.2784 6.0 ?+1+2+4107(264)108(277)105(262)106(266)111(272)112(285)109(268)110(281)118115116(292)HsMt117113114(289)UuhUusUutUuq UupDsRg DubniumSeaborgiumBohriumHassiumUuo0.70.9Ununtrium Ununquadium UnunpentiumUnunhexiumMeitnerium Darmstadtium RoentgeniumCoperniciumUnunseptiumUnunoctiumBh--7001737---BCC[Rn] 7s 1[Rn] 7s 2[Rn] 5f 14 6d 2 7s 2 ?59140.9076560144.2461(145)162.50067164.9303270173.0471174.96768167.25969168.9342157138.9055La2D 3/21.10Lanthanum62150.3663151.964A c t i n i d e s8958140.116Cerium L a n t h a n i d e s6664157.2565158.92534Ce1G°4Pr4I°9/21.121.13Nd 5I 4Pm6H°5/21.14-Sm7F 0Eu8S°7/21.17-Gd9D°2Tb6H°15/21.20-Dy5I 8Ho4I°15/21.221.23Er3H 6Tm2F°7/21.241.25Yb1S 0Lu2D 3/2-1.27ThuliumYtterbiumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumPraseodymium NeodymiumPromethiumSamarium5.5827.353 5.6437 5.244Lutetium6.146 5.5769 6.689 5.5387 6.64 5.86388.551 5.93898.7955.67047.901 6.14988.219 6.1843 6.57 6.25429.8416.02159.066 6.10779.321 5.425992034647983360931329010213100110015271313325013563000107218038221196166327001497286815455.4737.01 5.52507.264§hex (m) 181§hex (m) 18319508193230141225671474HCP (m) 180§hex (m) 1803402(m) 187§hex (m) 182FCC (m) 182HCP (m) 178HCP (m) 176BCC (m) 180HCP (m) 177HCP (m) 176FCC (m) 174HCP (m) 176HCP (m) 176HCP [Xe] 5d 1 6s 2[Xe] 4f 1 5d 1 6s 2[Xe] 4f 3 6s 2[Xe] 4f 4 6s 2[Xe] 4f 5 6s 2[Xe] 4f 6 6s 2[Xe] 4f 7 6s 2[Xe] 4f 7 5d 1 6s 2[Xe] 4f 9 6s 2+2,3+3[Xe] 4f 10 6s 2[Xe] 4f 11 6s 2[Xe] 4f 12 6s 2[Xe] 4f 13 6s 2+3+3,4+3,4+3+3+2,3+3,4+3+3+3[Xe] 4f 14 6s 2[Xe] 4f 14 5d 1 6s 2+2,3+2,3+3(227)90232.038191231.035992238.028995(243)96(247)93(237)94(244)103(262)U5L°6101(258)102(259)99(252)100(257)Ac2D 3/2Th3F 2Pa4K 11/2Np6L 11/2Pu7F 097(247)98(251)FmBk6H°15/2Cf5I 8Am8S°7/2Cm9D°21S 0Lr1.31.33H 6Md1.31.281.31.31.32F°7/2No1.3Es1.34I°15/2- 5.973813.51 5.991420.45 6.265719.816 6.026011353927PlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkelium2P°1/2 ?1.11.31.51.381.36CaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendelevium-ActiniumThorium ProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumNobelium Lawrencium1050320017504820157240006444000640323010.07 5.1711.724 6.306715.37 5.8919.05 6.1941- 4.9 ?14.78 6.197915.1 6.28171050-900-1176201113453110827-827-860-1527-1627-- 6.58- 6.65- 6.42- 6.50--[Rn] 6d 1 7s 2[Rn] 6d 2 7s 2[Rn] 5f 2 6d 1 7s 2[Rn] 5f 3 6d 1 7s 2[Rn] 5f 4 6d 1 7s 2[Rn] 5f 6 7s 2[Rn] 5f 9 7s 2[Rn] 5f 10 7s 2[Rn] 5f 11 7s 2[Rn] 5f 12 7s 2-FCC(m) 179FCC (m) 163§tetra (m) 156BCP (m) 173HCP (m) 174HCP (m) 155SO (m) 159§mono.[Rn] 5f 7 7s 2[Rn] 5f 7 6d 7s 2--(m) 170hex -hex [Rn] 5f 13 7s 2[Rn] 5f 14 7s 2[Rn] 5f 14 7s 2 7p ?+3+4+4,5+3,4,5,6+3,4,5,6+3,4,5,6+3,4,5,6+3+2,3+2,3+3+3,4+3+3+3------。
The New Periodic Table Song 新元素周期表之歌And now Asap SCIENCE presents: 现在，由ASAP科学推出的：The Elements of the Periodic Table. 元素周期表之歌There is Hydrogen and Helium. 首先是氢和氦，1 H 氢H ydrogen ['haidridʒən]美音：['haɪdrədʒən]2 He 氦H elium ['hi:liəm]美音：['hilɪəm]Then Lithium, Beryllium. 然后是锂，铍，3 Li 锂Lithium ['liθiəm]美音：['lɪθɪəm]4 Be 铍Beryllium [be'riliəm]美音：[bɛ'rɪlɪəm]Boron, Carbon everywhere. 硼，碳无处不在，5 B 硼Boron ['bɔ:rɔn]美音：['borɑn]6 C 碳CarbonNitrogen all through the air. 氮遍布于空气中，7 N 氮N itrogen ['naitrədʒən]美音：['naɪtrədʒən]With Oxygen so you can breath. 有氧你就能呼吸。
8 O 氧Oxygen ['ɔksidʒən]美音：['ɑksədʒən]And Fluorine for your pretty teeth. 并且氟效劳于你漂亮的牙齿，9 F 氟 Fluorine ['fluəri:n]美音：['fluə,rɪn]Neon to light up the signs, 氖点亮霓虹灯。
10 Ne 氖 Neon['ni:,ɔn]美音：['ni,ɑn]Sodium for salty times, 不够咸就加点钠，11 Na 钠Sodium ['səudiəm]美音：['sodɪəm]Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon，镁，铝，硅，12 Mg 镁Magnesium ['mæg'ni:ʃiəm]美音：['mæg'niʃɪəm]13 Al 铝Aluminum [,ælju'miniəm]美音：[,æljə'mɪnɪəm]14 Si 硅SiliconPhosphorus then, 磷，然后是15 P 磷Phosphorus ['fɔsfərəs]美音：['fɑsfərəs]Sulfur, Chlorine and Argon, 硫，氯和氩，16 S 硫Sulfur['sʌlfə]美音：['sʌlfɚ]17 Cl 氯Chlorine ['kləuri:n]美音：['klorin]18 A 氩Argon ['ɑ:gɔn]美音：['ɑrgɑn]Potassium, 钾19 K 钾Potassium[pə'tæsiəm]美音：[pə'tæsɪəm] And Calcium so you’ll grow strong.并且钙将使你强壮成长，20 Ca 钙Calcium ['kælsiəm]美音：['kælsɪəm] Scandium，钪21 Sc 钪Scandium['skændiəm]美音：['skændɪəm] Titanium, Vanadium and Chromium and Manganese。
“PEP”2024年小学三年级上册英语第1单元真题试卷考试时间：80分钟（总分:120）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分一、选择题(共计20题，共40分)1、What is the capital of South Korea?A. SeoulB. BusanC. IncheonD. Daegu2、选择题：What is the capital of Mongolia?A. UlaanbaatarB. DarkhanC. ErdenetD. Choibalsan3、How do you say "school" in French?A. ÉcoleB. AulaC. EscuelaD. Schola4、What is the main purpose of a compass?A. To tell timeB. To measure distanceC. To find directionD. To weigh objects5、What do we call the tool we use to measure time?A. ScaleB. ClockC. RulerD. Thermometer6、What is the primary color of an orange?A. YellowB. OrangeC. RedD. Green7、What is the currency used in Japan?A. YenB. RupeeC. PesoD. Dollar8、What is 3 x 3?A. 6B. 7C. 9D. 129、选择题：What do you call the solid part of the Earth?A. AtmosphereB. LithosphereC. HydrosphereD. Biosphere10、What is the name of the fairy tale character who had long hair?A. Snow WhiteB. RapunzelC. CinderellaD. Belle11、What is the capital of Zimbabwe?A. HarareB. BulawayoC. GweruD. Mutare12、What is the name of the fairy tale character who lived in a tower?A. RapunzelB. Sleeping BeautyC. CinderellaD. Snow White13、What do you use to write on paper?A. PaintB. PencilC. GlueD. Tape14、选择题：What is the name of the superhero who wears a cape and flies?A. BatmanB. SupermanC. Spider-ManD. Iron Man15、Where do fish live?A. TreesB. WaterC. GroundD. Sky16、选择题：What is the name of the insect that makes silk?A. AntB. ButterflyC. SilkwormD. Bee17、选择题：What is the capital of France?A. ParisB. BerlinC. RomeD. Madrid18、What do you call a baby seal?A. PupB. CalfC. KitD. Fawn19、What is the name of the device used to measure time?A. WatchB. ClockC. TimerD. All of the above20、What is the name of the layer of atmosphere closest to Earth's surface?A. TroposphereB. StratosphereC. MesosphereD. Thermosphere二、听力题(共计20题，共40分)1、听力题：I can ________ my toys.2、听力题：There are _____ (三) birds in the tree.3、听力题：A nonrenewable resource is one that cannot be ______ quickly.4、听力题：A ______ is a type of reaction that involves heat.5、听力填空题：I have learned a lot about __________ in school this year.6、听力题：The restaurant serves _____ (breakfast/lunch).7、听力题：The state of matter with a fixed volume and shape is a ______.8、听力题：A ______ is a small creature that lives in the sea.9、听力题：The ____ is a small creature that loves to hop in gardens.10、听力题：A supernova is the explosion of a dying ______.11、听力题：The capital of Afghanistan is __________.12、听力题：We enjoy _______ (hiking) in the mountains.13、听力题：The chemical symbol for germanium is ______.The __________ is the largest ocean on Earth.15、听力题：The chemical symbol for oxygen is ________.16、听力题：The ant has a strong ______ compared to its size.17、听力题：Elements in the same column of the periodic table have similar _______.18、听力题：The ______ is very passionate about education.19、听力题：The sun is _______ (rising) early today.20、听力题：A _______ is a reaction that occurs in the presence of an acid or base.三、填空题(共计20题，共10分)1、填空题：The _______ (猪) will oink when happy.2、填空题：I have a _____ (便当盒) for my lunch at school.我有一个便当盒，装我在学校的午餐。
THE PERIODIC TABLE 17.01 Oxidation Numbers for Non-MetalsGroup V26S2O6ClO3-N2O4SO32- ClO2NO2-S2O42- ClO2-NO S2O32-N2O S2Cl2ClO-N2S ClNH2OH CAN ONLYACT ASREDUCERSCAN ONLYACT ASOXIDISERS∙Maximum oxidation numbers:+5 for group V elements+6 for group VI elements+7 for group VII elements∙Minimum oxidation numbers:-3 for group V elements-2 for group VI elements-1 for group VII elements∙Species in which the non-metal atom has its maximum oxidation number can only act as an oxidising agent∙Species where the non-metal atom has its minimum oxidation number can only act as a reducing agent∙Where a non-metal atom has an intermediate oxidation number theoretically it can behave as either a reducer or oxidiser. In practice it is usually one or the other.The Beginnings of ChemistryPrimitive Man: Fire, cooking1000 BC: tin and copper bronzeSome iron producedHerbal medicineWine and alcoholBreadLead, silver, goldGlass, potteryPigments1859 large scale production of iron and steel in England using chemical principlesThe Alchemists (before 1600’s) identified 14 elements:S Hg C Fe Pb Cu Sn Ag Au P Ar Sb Bi Zn1661 Boyle gives first definition of an element1791 Joseph Priestly isolates oxygen from HgOJoseph Lavoisier demonstrated that it was oxygen from the airthat forms oxides of other elements1804 Dalton suggested the existence of atoms1807 Davey discovered K,Na1828 Berzelius measured atomic mass1869 Mendeleev published the first periodic table1898 Ramsay discovered Ne, ArCuries discovered Ra and PoSome Landmarks in the discovery of the elements : 1604 Sb1772 N1774 O 1789 U 1790 H 1807 Na, K 1827 Al 1886 F 1895 He 1898 Ra, Po 1961Lawrencium Post 1961most of the actinidesThe Development of the Periodic TableJons Berzelius used letters as symbols for the elements as opposed to the older alchemist symbolsIn his table of atomic masses (1828) he assigned oxygen as 100 units of atomic mass.MendeleevArranging elements in order of increasing atomic mass did not provide a useful link to their chemical properties.Dmitri Mendeleev realised that chemical properties vary periodically withincreasing atomic mass. Elements that had the same valence exhibited similar chemical properties.In 1869 Mendeleev constructed a periodic table by:∙Arranging elements with similar chemical properties into vertical groups ∙Arranging elements in order of increasing atomic mass into horizontal periodsOnly 62 elements appeared in his first table but he displayed his genius by leaving gaps in his table for those elements not yet discovered.Q It was a few years before the gases of group VIII elements were inserted. Whywas this? Q Where are Cu, Zn, V, Cr and Fe now placed in the table? QMake a mini-table from these 10 hypothetical elements:SymbolA B C D E F GHI J Atomic mass 1179273940115 5256210 Chemical propertyA 2O 3 B 2O CO D 2O 3 E 2O FO G 2O 3 HO 3 IO JO 3Physical property metal metal metal metal metal metal metal metal metal metalQ Why did Mendeleev place Te (A = 127.6) before I (A = 126.9) in his table?William RamsayThe discrepancy between density of N 2 in air (1.257 gL-1)and that of N 2 produced chemically (1.251 gL-1) led Ramsay to isolate Argon. By fractional distillation of liquid argon from air, the gases neon, krypton and xenon were identified. Spectroscopy was used to identify He in the sun and within uranium ore. Marie and Pierre CurieThe Curies measured precisely the radiation emitted from uranium ore and suspected that the ore contained another element more highlyradioactive. After processing tonnes, they produced a few gram of the new element they called Polonium. Whose chemical properties are similar to Tellurium.On further processing , four years later they isolated just a single gram of the highly radioactive element radium. Its chemical properties are similar to Barium.Periodic Atomic Properties of the Elements:atomic radii; ionic radii; ionisation energies; electron affinitiesAtomic RadiiWe cannot measure the exact size of an atom but we can determine the distance between two nuclei and hence determine the “atomic radius ”The covalent radius of an atom isone half the distance between two identical atoms joined in a molecule.The metallic radius of an atom is half the distance between the nuclei of adjacent atoms in a solid metal.Depending on whether we are referring to metals ornon-metals, we shall use both these descriptions for atomic radii .Trends in Atomic Radii of the ElementsMetallic radii for metals and covalent radii for non-metals measured in pico metre ∙Atomic radii increase as we go down a group of the periodic table∙Atomic radii increase for the main group elements as we traverse from right to left in a period of the periodic tableQ arrange each set of elements in order of increasing atomic radius:a) Mg, S, Si b) As, N, P c) As, Sb, Sed) Be, F, N e) Ba, Be, Ca f) Cl, F, Sg) Ca, K, MgIonic RadiiThe ionic radius of each ion is the portion of the distance between the nuclei of the pair of ions.In chemical reactions, metals lose valence-shell electrons. Non-metals generally gain more electrons.Cations are smaller than the atoms from which they are formed Anions are larger than the atoms from which they are formedr (Mg 2+ ) < r (Na+) <r (Cl-)For a series of isoelectronic species (i.e ions or atoms) with the same electronicconfiguration, the greater the nuclear charge, the smaller the species.Q Arrange in expected order of increasing radius: a)Ca 2+, Fe 3+, K +, S 2- , Se 2-Answer:Ca 2+, K +, S 2- are isoelectronic → Ca 2+< K + < S 2- by radius→ Fe 3+ < Ca 2+ < K + < S 2- < Se 2- by radius b) Br -, Rb +, Se 2-, Sr 2+ , Y 3+ c) Ca 2+, Cr 2+, Cs +, Cl - , Cr 3+, K +Ionisation EnergyMetal atoms tend to lose valence electrons in chemical reactions. Work is required to remove these electrons, the amount of which depends on the size of the atom.Ionisation is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a ground-state atom or ion in the gaseous state:B (g) → Br + (g) + e - E I = 801 kJ mol -1 B +(g) → Br 2+ (g) + e - E I = 2427 kJ mol -1 B 2+(g) → Br 3+ (g) + e -E I = 3660 kJ mol -1B 3+(g) → Br 4+ (g) + e - E I = 25000 kJ mol -1 B 4+(g) → Br 5+ (g) + e -E I = 33000 kJ mol -1Removal of valence electronsRemoval of core electronsI II III IV V VI VII VIIILi Be B C N O F NeE1 520 900 801 1086 1402 1314 1681 2081E2 7298 1757The first ionisation energy of an atom is the lowestA big jump in required energy occurs when moving from a valence electron to a core electronIonisation energies decrease down a vertical groupIonisation energies increase from left to right across a periodIrregularities:* a 2p electron is more easily removed than a 2s electron in the case of Be and B* electron repulsion makes it easier to remove one of the paired electrons in a filled 2p orbital of O than it is to remove an unpaired electron from the 2p orbital of N.Q arrange each set of elements in the “expected order” of increasing E I :a) Mg, S, Sc, b) As, N, P c) As, Ge, Pd) Be, F, N e) Ba, Be, Ca f) Ca, K, MgElectron AffinityIonisation refers to the formation of a gaseous positive ion. Electron Affinity is the energy change when an electron is added to a gaseous atom.F(g) + e-→ F(g)- EA = -328 kJ mol -1 .Note that this process is exothermicLi Be B C N O F Ne-60 >0 -27 -154 ~0 -141 -328 >0O(g) + e-→ O(g)- EA1 = -141 kJ mol -1 .O(g)- + e-→ O(g)2- EA2 = 744 kJ mol -1 .Note: For the addition of a second electron work must be done to overcome the electrostatic force of repulsion. Hence this is a positive amount.Q Which is the more likely choice for EA2 for the formation of S(g)2- : -200, 450 or 800 kJ mol -1 ?SUMMARY OF TRENDS OF TRENDS OF ATOMIC PROPERTIESQ Which is the more metallic element:a) Ba, Ca b) Sb, Sn c) Ge, SQ Which is the more non-metallic:a) O, P b) As, S c) P, FGeneral Questions:Q Why are elements in the periodic table listed in order of atomic number rather than atomic mass?Q Name elements with similar properties to: potassium, selenium, barium, boron. Q Name seven isoelectric species with the electron configuration:1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6Q Arrange in increasing order of atomic radius:(i) Sc, Ga, Fe, K, Kr, Br (ii) P, Se, As, S, C, OQ Arrange in expected order of increasing radius:(i) Na+ , Cl-, S2-, Al 3+, Br -, O2-(ii) Rb+, Se 2- , Br-, Y3+ , Sr 2+, As3-Q Arrange in expected order of increasing E1 (first ionisation energy) Li, Be, Mg, Na, K, Ca,GeGroups and SubshellsThe elements in the following groups have collective names:Group I elements are called the alkali metalsGroup II elements are called the alkaline earth metalsGroup VII elements are called the halogensGroup VIII elements are called the noble gases also the inert gasesGroups I and II form the s-blockGroups III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII form the p-blockThe transition elements form the d-blockThe Lanthanides and Actinides form the f-blockQ which group and block do the following elements belong: name symbol group number or name block potassium K 1 s Manganese Mn 1st transition series d BismuthDysprosiumHafniumRadiumLanthanumActiniumThoriumThalliumPalladiumBerylliumChemical PropertiesElements of the s and p blocks display similar chemical propertiesExamples:Group I : Cl2 + 2M → 2MCl2M + 2H2O → 2MOH + H2Group V: 2X + 3 H2→ 2XH3Metals lose electrons in chemical reactionsNon-metals gain or share electrons in chemical reactionsMetalloids may lose or share electrons in chemical reactionsOctet RuleFor period 1 and 2 elements a stable electron configuration is one that is isoelectronic with that of a noble gasFor the period 2 and 3 noble gases (Ne, Ar) their electron configurations have 8 electrons in the outer shell. When atoms become isoelectronic with either of these noble gases, they are said to have conformed to the Octet Rule.Expansion of the OctetPeriod 3 elements in groups V, VI and VII can share all of their outer shell electrons and thus acquire more than 8 electrons. These fall into the 3d subshell. This is referred to as the Expansion of the Octet Rule.Valence ElectronsElectrons lost or shared are those from the outer shells called valence electrons or outer shell electrons∙For s-block elements the valence shell electrons are the outermost s subshell electrons∙In Group I this is the ns1 outer electron∙In Group II, these are the ns2 outer electrons∙For p-block elements the valence electrons are the outer s and p subshell∙For each Goup III element they are the ns2np1 outer electrons∙For each Goup IV element they are the ns2np2 outer electrons∙For each Goup V element they are the ns2np3 outer electrons∙For each Goup VI element they are the ns2np4 outer electrons∙For each Goup VII element they are the ns2np5 outer electronsChemical Reactions with s-Block Elements (Groups I and II)Readily form compounds with non-metals such as halogens, oxygen and sulphur as well as water and the hydronium ion. Products are ionic MCl, M2S, M2O and MOH Hydrogen is not regarded as a group I element. With non-metals, hydrogen shares its single valence electron. Oxidation state is +1With active metals, hydrogen forms hydride ion H-Group II products: MCl2, MS, MO, and M(OH)2Note that Be tends to share its electrons acting like a metalloid.Chemical Reactions with p-Block Elements (Groups III, IV, V, VI and VII) Group III:either they share their electrons in covalent bonds (e.g boron trichloride)or the form ions with charge 3+ such as Al3+oxidation state may be 3+ or 3-boron is really a non-metal, aluminium and gallium are metalloids and metals lie below.Group IV :either exhibit covalence of 4+ with other non-metals CCl4 Si H4or2+ or 4+ ions Pb2+, Sn2+ and Pb 4+ , Sn4+oxidation states +2 +4 -4C and Si are non-metals; the rest are metalloidsGroup V:either covalence of 3 NH3P2H6 AsCl3 (conform to Octet Rule)or covalence of 5 AsCl5 P4O10(expanded Octet Rule)or exist as 3- ions nitrides N3- and phosphides P3-with metals…these ions conform to the Octet Ruleoxidation states +5 +3 -3N and P are non-metals; As, Sb metalloids; Bi is a metalGroup VI:either they exhibit covalence of 2 such as oxygen in many of its compoiunds and sulphur in some of its compounds H2O SF2Octet Ruleor exhibit covalence of 4 SO2SeF4 (but not oxygenExpanded Octet Rule or exhibit covalence of 6 SF6 and SeO3Expanded Octet Ruleor exist as 2- ions O2- or S2- with metals Octet Ruleoxidation states +6 +4 +2 or -2O and S are non-metals; Se Te are metalloids; Po is a metalGroup VII:either exhibit a covalence of 1 HBr, CCl4Octet Ruleor exibit covalences of 3, 5 or 7 (except fluorine) Expanded Octet Ruleor exist as -1 ions in compounds with metals Octet Rule oxidation states +7 +5 +3 +1 or -1all non-metalsQ Write equations for two chemical reactions for each of:(a) Group I and Group VI element(b) Group II and Group VII element(c) Group III and Group V element(d) Group III and Group VII element。
