2019-2020年高考备考:2019届高考英语总复习语法:专题十三构词法
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高考英语总复习—构词法优质课件一、教学内容本节课的教学内容选自《高考英语总复习》教材的第五章“词汇与构词法”部分。
详细内容包括词根、词缀的识别与理解,常见前缀、后缀及其意义,以及构词法的实际运用。
二、教学目标1. 掌握常见的前缀、后缀及其意义,提高词汇理解和应用能力。
2. 学会运用构词法知识,扩大词汇量,提高英语阅读和写作能力。
3. 培养学生自主学习和合作学习的能力,提高解决问题的策略。
三、教学难点与重点教学难点:词缀的识别与运用,构词法的实际应用。
教学重点:常见前缀、后缀的掌握,以及通过构词法提高词汇量。
四、教具与学具准备教具:PPT课件、黑板、粉笔。
学具:笔记本、教材、词典。
五、教学过程1. 导入:通过展示一组单词,引导学生观察并发现它们之间的联系,引出构词法的学习。
2. 新课内容:讲解词根、词缀的概念,结合教材例词,分析前缀、后缀及其意义。
3. 实践活动:分组讨论,让学生找出更多具有相同词缀的单词,并进行分享。
4. 例题讲解:选取典型的高考题型,讲解构词法在阅读和写作中的应用。
5. 随堂练习:设计有针对性的练习题,让学生及时巩固所学知识。
六、板书设计1. 构词法概念2. 常见前缀、后缀及其意义3. 构词法在高考中的应用七、作业设计1. 作业题目:根据所学内容,找出5个带有前缀、后缀的单词,并写出它们的意思。
答案:略答案:略八、课后反思及拓展延伸本节课通过讲解构词法,帮助学生提高了词汇理解和应用能力。
课后,教师应关注学生的学习反馈,及时调整教学方法。
同时,鼓励学生利用构词法自主拓展词汇,提高英语水平。
拓展延伸:推荐学生阅读英语词汇学相关书籍,深入了解词汇的起源与发展。
重点和难点解析1. 教学难点与重点的确定。
2. 实践活动的设计与实施。
3. 例题讲解的策略。
4. 作业设计的针对性与拓展性。
5. 课后反思与拓展延伸的实际应用。
详细补充和说明:一、教学难点与重点的确定构词法的教学难点在于学生对词缀的识别与运用,以及如何将构词法知识应用于实际的语言环境中。
高考英语语法——构词法(Word-formation)一、构词法种类重点用法①转化用法:转化构词法是指一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。
也就是说,一个单词可作名词,也可作动词或别的词类,从意思上讲,是一词多义;从语法上讲,是一个词可有多种语法功能。
dream v.遇见;n.梦I dreamed a terrible dream.我做了一个噩梦。
动词名词home n.家;故乡;adv.在(向,到)家At four o’clock I went home.Then I went to Uncle Wang’s home.副词名词我4点回到家,然后去了王叔叔家。
重点用法②合成用法:合成构词法是指由两个或更多的词合成一个词,有的用连字符“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的由分开的两个词构成。
合成词中有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成代词、合成副词等,其中合成名词和合成形容词较多。
class+room=classroom教室名词+名词black+board=blackboard黑板形容词+名词good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的形容词+分词over+come=overcome克服副词+动词提示:多数合成名词变成复数时,只把主体名词变成复数,而由man,woman构成的合成名词变为复数时,必须把主体名词和man或woman都变为复数。
daughter(s)-in-law儿媳passer(s)-by路人wom e n teacher s女教师m e n doctor s男医生注意:当数词和表示年龄、质量、尺寸等的名词用连字符“-”构成合成词时,这些名词用单数形式。
He is a five-year-old boy.=He is five years old.他是一个5岁的小男孩。
It’s a four-foot-long box.这个盒子有4英尺长。
重点用法③派生用法:1.派生构词法是指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。
语法考点专题复习(11)---构词法【知识框架】1.常考前缀(1)表示否定或相反意义的前缀dis-,mis-,un-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,non-,anti-:disagree,misunderstand,unwilling,illegal,impossible,nonstop 等。
(2)形容词变动词的前缀en-:able→enable;large→enlarge,rich→enrich等。
(3)其他:inter-相互,over-超过,re-重新,ex-以前的,super-超,vice-副:interaction,overweight,reuse,ex-husband,super-natural,vice-chairman。
2.常考后缀(1)形容词+ly变成副词:real→really,angry→angrily,possible→possibly等。
(2)动词或名词变成形容词的后缀-able,-ful,-ous,-y,-al,-ible,-ive,-ary:nature→natural,use→useful,continue→continuous,health→healthy等。
(3)动词变名词的后缀-al,-ance,-ence,-tion,-ssion,-ment,-ture,-y:arrive→arrival,appear→appearance,exist→existence,invite→invitation等。
(4)形容词变名词的后缀-cy,-dom,-ence,-th,-age,-ty,-ity:fluent→flu ence,wise→wisdom,silent→silence,grow→growth,safe→safety等。
(5)表示人的后缀-er,-or,-ist,-ee,-ess,-ese,-an,-ian,-ant:teacher,inventor,artist,employee,Chinese,American,musician,servant等。
【高考必读】2019年高考真题中的构词法近十年高考英语阅读文章中频繁出现派生词、合成词和转化词等基于构词法衍生的新面孔词汇。
有些单词/ 短语在“扩容”后,意义全非。
值得警惕的是,这种构词法词汇的呈现量在2017年后呈加速度增长。
2019全国I 卷1. hands-on business training 操作性强的商务培训2. joker n 爱开玩笑的人;傻瓜;难以预料的事;难以捉摸的人3. Kris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for non-native English speakers.克勒斯在“-ld”发音上磕绊起来,这个发音对于英语非母语的人来说是一个拼读难点。
►trip on 绊倒;磕巴4. improper pauses 不恰当的停顿5. data and identity theft 数据及身份信息盗窃6. fingerprint scan 指纹扫描7. a low-cost device 低成本设备8. by extension 再则就是;引申下去就是9. password n 密码► a username and password 用户名及密码10. commercialize / commercialise v 商业化11. rosy years 花样年华► rosy future 乐观的未来► a rosy picture 美好的画面12. well-explored 探讨充分的13. jump-start interpersonal skills 促进人际技巧14. dishonorable behavior 不光彩的行为15. enviable adj 令人羡慕的;令人嫉妒的16. score vt 得分;打分 n 得分;比分17. the least well-liked teens 最不受欢迎的青少年18. likability n 讨人喜欢;可爱19. adaptable adj 能适应的;适应力强的20. The clean air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. ► life-giving adj 赋予生命的;维持生命的► energizing adj 增强活力的21. Greenery is good for us.► greenery n 绿色植物;青枝绿叶22. apply sunscreen over the skin在皮肤上涂抹防晒霜► apply make-up / lipstick 抹化妆品/ 唇膏2019全国II卷1. co-author n 联合作者;合著作家2. Here she picks her top reads.在此,她挑选了几本她最喜爱的读物。
构词法(一)名词(也有少数动词)+-y变成形容词,-y意为:“多……的;像……一样的。
”有些要去掉词尾的-e,有些要先双写末尾一个字母,然后再加-y.这种构词法在英语中经常出现,掌握这个规律对词汇量的扩大能起到事半功倍的效果。
air+y=airy 空气的,空中的,空想的,活泼的anger+y=angry 生气的hunger+y=hungry 饥饿的bag+y=baggy 袋状的beam+y=beamy 放光的;愉快的;辐射的blood+y=bloody 血腥的;出血的bone+y=bony 多骨的;皮包骨头的book+y=booky 书上的;书生气的boss+y=bossy 专横的,爱指手划脚的brain+y=brainy 聪明的bush+y=bushy 浓密的cat+y=catty 敏捷的;狡猾的;阴险的cheek+y=cheeky 厚颜无耻的,不要脸的cheer+y=cheery 愉快的,活泼的chill+y=chilly 寒冷的;不友好的cloud+y=cloudy 多云的;阴郁的cock+y=cocky 趾高气扬的,骄傲自大的cream+y=creamy 含大量奶油的;奶油色的dirt+y=dirty 肮脏的dog+y=doggy 像狗一样的;爱玩狗的;炫耀的dream+y=dreamy 梦一般的;爱空想的,理想的earth+y=earthy 泥土(似)的;朴实的,现实的edge+y=edgy 锋利的fat+y=fatty 肥胖的;油腻的fault+y=faulty 有错误的,有缺点的feather+y=feathery 羽毛似的;轻软的fish+y=fishy 多鱼的;可疑的;无表情的flash+y=flashy 闪光的;昙花一现的;华而不实的flesh+y=fleshy 多肉的;肉的flower+y=flowery 多花的;辞藻华丽的fog+y=foggy 多雾的fox+y=foxy 狡猾的fruit+y=fruity 果味的;圆润的;洪亮的fun+y=funny 有趣的glass+y=glassy 明净的;(眼)无神采的gloom+y=gloomy 黑暗的;朦胧的;悲观的grass+y=grassy 盖(长)满草的;食草的grease+y=greasy 油脂过多的;油污的greed+y=greedy 贪婪的gust+y=gusty 多阵风的hair+y=hairy 多毛的hand+y=handy 手边的;方便的;手巧的haze+y=hazy 有雾的;模糊的heart+y=hearty 热情的;多情的hill+y=hilly 多山的health+y=healthy 健康的home+y=homey 温暖的;舒适的;亲密的ice+y=icy 结冰的;冰冷的;冷淡的if+y=iffy 可怀疑的;有条件的juice+y=juicy 多液汁的;多雨的;有趣的;有力的;绚烂的;油水多的jump+y=jumpy 跳动的;心惊肉跳的laze+y=lazy 懒惰的leaf+y=leafy 叶茂的leak+y=leaky 漏的,有漏洞的length+y=lengthy 过长的;冗长的loop+y=loopy 多圈的,一圈一圈的luck+y=lucky 幸运的matter+y=mattery 出脓的,化脓的milk+y=milky 奶色的,乳白色的mist+y=misty 有薄雾的;模糊的;糊涂的mood+y=moody 心情多变的;情绪低落的moon+y=moony 月亮的;月光似的mop+y=moppy 拖把似的;(头发)蓬乱的moss+y=mossy 生了(长满)苔的mouse+y=mous(e)y 多鼠的;胆小的;悄悄的mud+y=muddy 多泥的need+y=needy 贫困的noise+y=noisy 喧哗的nose+y=nos(e)y 好管闲事的oil+y=oily 油腻的;圆滑的peach+y=peachy 桃色的;漂亮的;极好的pet+y=petty 小(规模)的pick+y=picky 过分讲究的;过分挑剔的pig+y=piggy 猪一般的;肮脏的;贪婪的pine+y=piny 松林(似)的;丛生的pocket+y=pockety 袋状分布的;分布不匀的price+y=pric(e)y 价格高昂的rain+y=rainy 多雨的rat+y=ratty 多鼠的;(像)老鼠的;破烂的reed+y=reedy 多芦苇的reek+y=reeky 烟雾迷漫的risk+y=risky (爱)冒险的rock+y=rocky 多岩石的room+y=roomy 宽敞的,有很多空间的rose+y=rosy 玫瑰红的;红润的;乐观的rust+y=rusty 生锈的;变迟钝的;陈旧的salt+y=salty 咸的;风趣的;老练的;泼辣的sand+y=sandy 多沙的;沙质的seed+y=seedy 多籽(核)的;成熟的sex+y=sexy 性感的scare+y=scar(e)y 惊慌的;胆小的;骇人的shade+y=shady 阴凉的shadow+y=shadowy 多荫的;有影的shake+y=shaky 摇晃的;不稳定的;有病的shell+y=shelly 多贝壳的;有壳的shine+y=shiny 晴朗的;发亮的show+y=showy 炫耀的;显眼的;艳丽的shower+y=showery 多阵雨的;阵雨(般)的silk+y=silky 丝绸般的;奉承讨好的silver+y=silvery 银色的;(声音)清脆的skin+y=skinny 皮包骨头的sleep+y=sleepy 想睡的;困乏的;懒散的;寂静的smell+y=smelly 难闻的smoke+y=smoky 多烟的;烟状的sneak+y=sneaky 偷偷摸摸的,鬼鬼祟祟的snow+y=snowy 多雪的;雪白的speed+y=speedy 迅速的sponge+y=spongy 海绵似的sport+y=sporty 像运动员的;花哨的star+y=starry 布满星辰的steam+y=steamy (似)蒸汽的;多蒸汽的stick+y=sticky 粘性的stone+y=ston (e)y 多石头的;冷酷的storm+y=stormy 多风暴的;烈性子的;激烈的sun+y=sunny 阳光灿烂的,晴朗的summer+y=summery (如)夏季的;适合夏季的sweat+y=sweaty 汗湿透的;吃力的taste+y=tasty 好吃的,可口的thorn+y=thorny 多刺的,棘手的thread+y=thready 纤细(无力)的;丝状的;tooth+y=toothy 多齿的;露齿的trick+y=tricky 狡猾的;困难的touch+y=touchy 棘手的water+y=watery 多水的;水汪汪的;淡的wave+y=wavy 多浪的;波动的wax+y=waxy 蜡制的;涂蜡的;似蜡的;苍白的wealth+y=wealthy 富裕的web+y=webby丝网的;由丝网组成的weed+y=weedy 杂草丛生的wind+y=windy 多风的;狂暴的wine+y=winy 像酒的;醉态的;(空气)清新的winter+y=wintery 冬天般的,寒冷的word+y=wordy 多言的;冗长的构词法(二)-age:行为及其结果,动作的结果,场所,情况,总称,身份。
第十三讲构词法一、单句语法填空1.(2017年新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education ________ (organize) at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.2.(2017年新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空)The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.3.(2017年新课标Ⅲ卷·语法填空)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate).4.(2016年新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract).5.(2016年新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve).6.(2016年新课标Ⅲ卷·语法填空)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ________ (develop) of chopsticks.7.(2017年北京卷·阅读理解A)For a sudden heart ________ (fail), the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. 8.(2017年江苏卷·阅读理解B)The ________ (educate) method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues.9.(2017年天津卷·完形填空)My fundraising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise ________ (regular).10.(2017年浙江卷·阅读理解C)Others say it's only ________ (nature) that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.11.(2016年北京卷·阅读理解A)I want to tell you how ________ (importance) your help is to my life.12.(2016年天津卷·阅读理解C)Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, ________ (dependence), confidence and competence—the underpinnings of emotional health.13.(2016年四川卷·语法填空)She was a very ________ (care) mother.14.(2016年浙江卷·阅读理解D)Mom said, ________ (gentle) wiping away my hot tears. 15.(2016年江苏卷·完形填空)You know ________ (grow) is not an automatic process.二、单句改错1.(2017年新课标Ⅰ卷·短文改错)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.________________________________________________________________________ 2.(2017年新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解A)Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventual settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.________________________________________________________________________ 3.(2017年新课标Ⅲ卷·短文改错)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.________________________________________________________________________ 4.(2016年新课标Ⅰ卷·短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________________________________________________________________________ 5.(2016年新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空)Hundreds of people have formed impressive of you through that little device on your desk.________________________________________________________________________ 6.(2016年新课标Ⅲ卷·短文改错)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.________________________________________________________________________ 7.(2017年北京卷·阅读理解B)Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creating things to make.________________________________________________________________________ 8.(2017年江苏卷·任务型阅读)The reason for the explode is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. ________________________________________________________________________ 9.(2017年天津卷·阅读理解D)There is absolute nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full.________________________________________________________________________ 10.(2017年浙江卷·完形填空)She had asked the government for permit to move the books to a safe place, but they refused.________________________________________________________________________ 11.(2016年北京卷·阅读理解D)To prepare for increased autonomy and responsible, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation.________________________________________________________________________ 12.(2016年天津卷·阅读理解B)I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, difference.________________________________________________________________________ 13.(2016年四川卷·阅读理解C)Surprising, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.________________________________________________________________________ 14.(2016年浙江卷·阅读理解C)But some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is more like a science investigation than one might think.________________________________________________________________________ 15.(2016年江苏卷·阅读理解B)Chimps are true selfish.________________________________________________________________________三、语法填空用所给单词的适当形式填空Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the1.________ (continent) United States, but they were gradually displaced by human2.________ (develop).By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The 3.________ (disappear) of the wolves had many 4.________ (expect) results.Deer and elk populations—major food sources (来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant 5.________ (diverse) in the park.In the 6.________ (absent) of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.The coyotes killed a large 7.________ (percent) of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to 8.________ (introduce) the wolves.The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service 9.________ (care) monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has beena 10.________ (value) experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.第十三讲构词法一、anization 2.successful cation4.attraction 5.achievement 6.development7.failure cational 9.regularly 10.natural11.important 12.independence 13.careful/caring14.gently 15.growth二、1.suddenly→sudden 2.eventual→eventually3.difference→different 4.honest→honesty5.impressive→impressions 6.freely→free7.creating→creative8.explode→explosion9.absolute→absolutely10.permit→permission11.responsible→responsibility12.difference→different13.Surprising→Surprisingly14.science→scientific15.true→truly三、1.continental 2.development 3.disappearance4.unexpected 5.diversity 6.absence7.percentage 8.reintroduce 9.carefully10.valuable。
2019 届高考英语构词法语法复习高中英语语法之构词法一. 观点语言学家把这种特意研究词形变化现象和规则的学识称为词形学(morphology),往常简称为构词法 (word formation) 。
英语的构词法主要有 : 合成法 , 转变法 , 派生法 , 混成法 , 截短法和词首字母缩略法 . 二 . 有关知识点精讲1.转变法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转变法。
1) 动词转变为名词好多动词能够转变为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化 ( 以下① ) ;有时意思有必定变化( 以下② ) ;有的与一个动词和不定冠词组成短语,表示一个动作( 以下③ ) 。
比如:①let's go out for a walk. 我们到外面去散漫步吧。
② he is a man of strong build.他是一个体格强健的汉子。
③let's havea swim. 我们游泳吧。
2) 名词转变为动词好多表示物品( 以下① ) 、身体部位 ( 以下② ) 、某类人 ( 以下③ ) 的名词能够用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词 ( 以下④ ) 也可作动词。
比如:①did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③ she nursed her husband backto health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④we lunched together.我们在一同吃了午饭。
3) 形容词转变为动词有少量形容词能够转变为动词。
比如:we will try our best to betterour living conditions.我们要全力改良我们的生活情况。
4)副词转变为动词有少量副词能够转变为动词。
比如:murder will out.( 谚语 ) 恶事终势必败事。
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—构词法构词法基础及提高篇1. 构词法的三种构成形式。
2. 派生、转化及合成词的灵活使用。
英语构词法主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。
一、合成:合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词。
合成形式主要有以下几种:1. 合成名词:名词+名词:postman, girlfriend, flowerbed, notebook形容词+名词:blackboard, supermarket, greenhouse名词+动词:daybreak, sunrise, breastfeed动词-ing形式+名词:reading room, washing machine名词+动词-ing形式:handwriting, papermaking动词+名词:pickpocket, workroom动词+副词:breakup其它形式:get-together, go-between, passer-by2. 合成形容词:形容词/ 数词+名词+ed:warm-hearted, five-storeyed名词+过去分词:home-made, hand-made名词+形容词:world-famous, ice-cool形容词/数词+名词:full-time, second-hand形容词+过去分词:newborn副词+分词:well-known, newly-built其它形式:face-to-face, evergreen3. 合成代词:代词宾格/物主代词+ self/selves:herself, ourselves某些不定代词some, any, every, no等+ body/one/thing:anyone, nothing4. 合成介词:介词+介词:throughout, within5. 合成副词:副词+名词:indoors, overhead, upstairs介词+名词:alongside, beforehand名词+形容词:sky-high副词+介词:nearby其它形式:meanwhile, headfirst6. 合成动词:副词+动词:overhear, overwork, underline名词+动词:moonwalk, sunbathe形容词+动词:whitewash, safeguard二、转化:转化是指一个单词的词形不经过任何变化而由一种词性转化为另一种词性。