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2020考研英语长难句解析：插入句和倒装句第一部分：插入句一、理论常识插入结构表示说话人的态度和看法，解释或者说明整个句子，去掉之后句子仍然完整。
插入结构的成分可以是副词、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语或者主谓结构。
在这就不一一论述了。
但值得注意的是插入语的翻译，有些插入语，尤其是位于句首的插入语，可保持原文中的词序。
然而，在许多情况下，需要对英语原文句子的顺序作必要的调整，使译文符合汉语习惯。
二、试题举例But , for a small group of students , professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills , all other factors being equal , can be the difference between having a job and not .【参考翻译】但是，对一小部分学生来说，专业训练也是条可取的路径。
因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。
第二部分：倒装句一、理论常识倒装句的几种形式1. 以here , there ,then , now , next引出的倒装句。
Here comes the special guest of the party .There seem to be many beautiful girls in the university .2. 以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句。
At the school gate stood an old woman .Under the tree are sitting some students .On the bed lay a big teddy bear .注意：主语为代词是不用倒装。
3. 以表示方位的副词引出的倒装句。
Off went the horse .Down fell a dozen apples .4. 否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首。
考研长难句：倒装句为了强调、突出而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句（Inverted Sentence）。
在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。
从结构上来讲，倒装句可以分为：部分倒装和全部倒装1.部分倒装【第1-7句】只将谓语的一部分（如助动词或系动词）放在主语前面，其余部分仍在主语之后。
(1)在以“only+状语”开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。
这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。
否则就不倒装。
例如：Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。
(注意：only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。
)Only then did I realize the importance of English.只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can we improve ourselves.只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。
Only after you finish it can you leave.只有结束它以后，你才能离开。
(主句倒装)注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。
如：The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations.只有在艰苦的谈判以后，合同才得以签署。
(改成倒装：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.)(2)句首中有否定词或否定短语时，句子要部分倒装。
常见的否定词有：never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等。
考研英语的长难句考研英语的长难句篇1一、逆序法逆序法即倒置法。
有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。
例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三部分①“There was little hope”;②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”;③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。
这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。
译为：这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。
二、顺序法有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出，相比较要容易一些，大家可以按照正常的思维翻译即可。
三、分译法有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，建议考生们可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。
例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。
因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。
四、综合法另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。
即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。
例如：“The phenomenon y in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”;②“in which light physically scatters”;③“when it passes through particles in the earth‘s atmosphere”;④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”其中，第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。
英语长难句分析英语长句结构分析及翻译实例英语长句分析和翻译实例是对英语长句的结构和翻译方法进行探讨和示范。
英语长句通常由多个从句和状语从句组成，其结构复杂、语法层次丰富。
以下是一些常见的英语长句结构和翻译实例：
1.主从复合句结构：
-原句结构：主句+从句
- 翻译实例：I will go to the movie theater tonight, if I finish my homework.（如果我完成作业，我今晚会去电影院）
2.并列句结构：
-原句结构：句子1，连词，句子2
- 翻译实例：He studied hard for the exam, but he still failed.（他为了考试努力学习，但仍然没通过）
3.倒装句结构：
-原句结构：完全倒装句型，谓语在主语前
- 翻译实例：Only when the rain stopped did we go outside.（只有等雨停下来我们才出去）
4.强调句结构：
- 原句结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分
- 翻译实例：It was Tom who broke the vase.（正是汤姆打碎了花瓶）
对于长句的翻译，可以采取以下方法：
-分割长句，将从句、状语从句分别翻译，再进行合并。
-对英语长句进行拆分，将其翻译为多个简洁且清晰的句子。
-确保翻译的流畅性和准确性，同时要注意语序的变化。
总之，对于英语长句的结构分析和翻译实例，重要的是理解其语法结构、使用正确的连词、灵活运用翻译策略，并保持翻译的准确和自然。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析倒装句inversionNor do we urge you never to read a good book for entertainment. The point is, if you wish to read a good book for understanding, we believe we can help you. Our subject, then, is the art of reading good books when understanding is the aim you have in view.【翻译】我们当然也不是想督促你，让你永远也不要把一本好书当作娱乐来阅读。
问题是如果你希望为了理解而读一本好书，我们相信我们能够帮到你。
这样这本书的主题就是阅读好书的艺术，同时心里把增进理解力当作阅读目的。
【语法分析】第一句是一个简单句。
也是一个否定句。
而且因为连词nor放在了句首，这句也是一个倒装句。
所谓倒装句，就是主语和谓语动词的位置发生调换的语言现象，即动词的一部分或者全部动词放在主语之前，就叫倒装句inversion。
在这句话do we urge you... 里，助动词do放在了主语we之前。
而urge还留在we的后面，这就是“部分倒装”。
所谓“全部倒装”指的是把动词全部放在主语前面的语法现象。
例如，Out came the students.（学生们出来了。
）这一句里动词came整个放在了主语the students之前，这是全部倒装。
倒装句的本质是主语和谓语的位置颠倒了。
至于句子里的其他成分，即使放在主语之前，只要主谓的关系没有颠倒，都不能称作倒装句。
这是大家必须清楚的。
Nor是一个表示否定的连词，它和neither连用，构成 neither... nor(既不......也不......)在这里，nor是和昨天学的句子it is not true里的not构成了两个否定句。
考研长难句：倒装句为了强调、突出而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句（Inverted Sentence）。
在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。
从结构上来讲，倒装句可以分为：部分倒装和全部倒装1.部分倒装【第1-7句】只将谓语的一部分（如助动词或系动词）放在主语前面，其余部分仍在主语之后。
(1)在以“only+状语”开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。
这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。
否则就不倒装。
例如：Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。
(注意：only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。
)Only then did I realize the importance of English.只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can we improve ourselves.只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。
Only after you finish it can you leave.只有结束它以后，你才能离开。
(主句倒装)注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。
如：The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations.只有在艰苦的谈判以后，合同才得以签署。
(改成倒装：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.)(2)句首中有否定词或否定短语时，句子要部分倒装。
常见的否定词有：never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等。
考研英语倒装句例句（原创实用版）目录1.考研英语倒装句的概念2.考研英语倒装句的分类3.考研英语倒装句的用法4.考研英语倒装句的例句正文一、考研英语倒装句的概念考研英语倒装句是指在英语中，将谓语的一部分（通常是助动词、情态动词或 be 动词）放在主语之前的句子结构。
这种句子结构在英语中被称为"倒装句"，因为它的语序与中文的语序相似，即主语在谓语之后。
二、考研英语倒装句的分类考研英语倒装句主要分为以下几类：1.完全倒装：助动词、情态动词或 be 动词全部放在主语之前。
如：Never have I seen such a beautiful scenery.（我从未见过如此美丽的景色。
）2.部分倒装：只有助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。
如：Only after careful consideration did he make the decision.（经过仔细考虑后，他才做出决定。
）3.倒装疑问句：将疑问词或助动词放在句首，用于表示疑问。
如：What did you say?（你说了什么？）三、考研英语倒装句的用法1.表示强调：使用倒装句可以强调句子中的某一成分，如：It wasyesterday that he met her.（正是昨天他遇见了她。
）2.表示条件或假设：倒装句可以用于表示条件或假设，如：If I had known about it, I would have attended the meeting.（如果我知道关于这件事，我会参加会议的。
）3.表示否定意义：倒装句可以用于表示否定意义，如：Neither haveI ever been to Beijing.（我也从未去过北京。
）四、考研英语倒装句的例句1.Scarcely had I reached the park when it started to rain.（我刚到达公园就开始下雨了。
）2.Seldom do I see him smiling.（我很少看到他笑。
英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”，这种语序称为陈述句语序或⾃然语序(normal word order)，如果把谓语的全部或⼀部分置于主语之前，就称为倒装语序(inverted word order)，当谓语全部置于主语之前，称为全部倒装(full inversion)；当谓语⼀部分（如助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前，称为部分倒装(partial inversion)。
⼀、全部倒装 （⼀）there be句型 有时⼀些表⽰存在意义的不及物动词也可⽤于该句型，如：stand， lie， exist， live， remain， appear， come，happen， occur， rise等。
例句： Generally， there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states， large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (选⾃2007年Use of English) 分析：该句是复合句，其中a belief与that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互为同位语关系，形容词短语large enough to be...作定语修饰states。
译⽂：他们普遍认为新⽣的国家是拥有主权和完全独⽴的国家，⼤到经济上可运⾏良好，并由⼀套共同法律让各个新的独⽴国家联合起来。
例句： There stands a monument to Lin Zexu at the center of the square， which attracts a great many of visitors all the year round. 分析：该句是复合句，定语从句which attracts a great many of...修饰a monument。
Translation from English to Chinese1.Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand, stood a man. （倒装）一个男人站在屋当中，手里拿着一把小手枪。
2.Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its one hundred and moreskyscrapers. （倒装）市中心曼哈顿的建筑有着百余座摩天大厦，甚为壮观。
3.On the job, Chinese women seem more confident, despite their traditional pretty manners, thando American women in their work places. （倒装）在工作单位里，尽管中国妇女有着她们传统的温文尔雅的举止，但她们在工作中所表现的自信心似乎比美国妇女更强。
4.Along with this disparagement（轻视、蔑视）of a compliment is the American tendency to laughat one’s own mistakes and admit one’s weaknesses. （倒装结构）美国人在自贬别人对自己称赞的同时，还有一种倾向，那就是嘲笑自己的错误并承认自己的弱点。
5.But unpopular as red has been in the past, at the moment it is a favorite hair style. （倒装）但是，尽管在过去红色不受欢迎，眼下红色染发剂却是最招人喜爱的颜色。
6.No less costly to Third World nations is the steady migration of well-trained professionals insearch of a life, any life, in America. （倒装）使第三世界国家付出同样高昂代价的是，受过良好训练的专业人士不断涌向美国去谋生，无论什么样的生活。
考验英语长难句分析3 倒装全部倒装: In front me stood a boy部分倒装: Only in this way can we do it better.一、全部倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。
全倒装有以下三种情况:1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:There goes the bell!2、方位状语在句首, 如:Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.Under the tree sat a boy.二、部分倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:1,否定意义的词在句首例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldomNever shall I forget you.No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.2．用于as (though) 引导的让步状语从句中。
Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.3. only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.I saw the film, so did he.5.省略了if的虚拟条件句Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.Were she here, she would support the motion.真题赏析Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysics have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它还是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。
许多天体物理学家十年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。
Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted，and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.人们只是逐渐地认识到制度这一副产品，而在运行这种制度的过程中，认识到这种效果具有指导性作用的时间则更加缓慢。
Americans no longer expect public figures，whether in speech or in writing，to command the English with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. （选自2005年Text 4）美国人不再期望公众人物在演讲或写作时可以娴熟地运用技巧和文采来掌握英语，而人们本身也不这样要求自己。
考研真题赏析阅读理解A-2 （2013）An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 5,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticism考研英语同源阅读考研题源阅读(3)Mckinsey quarterlyThe McKinsey Quarterly is a business magazine for senior executives focused on management and organizational theory. It is written primarily by McKinsey consultants and alumni, with some guest authors. It also publishes research from the McKinsey Global Institute, which was founded in 1990 and conducts original research on economic issues. The magazine is published quarterly and has one special issue each year. McKinsey clients are given early access to upcoming issues. McKinsey & Company provides two awards each year for articles that had the greatest impact on management based on the assessment of a panel of judges from the business community. The Quarterly was founded in 1964. It is available at 837 libraries according to WorldCat. It is also indexed in Business Periodicals Index.There is much hype about social networks and their potential impact on marketing, so many companies are diligently establishing presences on Facebook, Twitter, and other platforms. Yet the true value of social networks remains unclear, and while common wisdom suggests that they should be tremendous enablers and amplifiers of word of mouth, few consumer companies have unlocked this potential. At Liberty Interactive, which comprises many specialty e-commerce companies, we wrestle daily with the question of how to realize the promise of social networks. We do have pages on Facebook and active feeds on Twitter, but we never thought those stepsalone would make a big difference to the performance of our companies. More recently, we have adopted a new mind-set: we think of word of mouth generated on social networks as a distinct form of media. This idea is more than a semantic detail. When you think of word of mouth as media, it becomes a form of content, and businesses can apply tried-and-true content-management practices and metrics to it. In addition, word of mouth generated by social networks is a form of marketing that must be earned—unlike traditional advertising, which can be purchased. We therefore concluded that we could succeed only by being genuinely useful to the individuals who initiate or sustain virtual world-of-mouth conversations.An effective way for a brand to be useful in the context of social networks is to make people who originate a word-of-mouth conversation seem important within their own social environment. Recognition by peers is a powerful motivator, and brands that allow users to gain it deliver real perceived value. When users publicize that recognition, it translates into word of mouth. Companies can confer this kind of importance—for example, by issuing achievement “badges” that users can post to their Facebook profiles or by deploying leader boards or achievement scores of all types. As Web sites evolve to become increasingly dynamic experiences that let people interact in real time, the value to core users of being recognized for their prominence in a community will only increase.We’ve also learned never to underestimate the value consumers place on opportunities to brag online about their achievements. That’s made significantly easier through the clever integration of a Web site with Facebook and Twitter. We see this phenomenon daily—for example, on the forums of our site. When members boast of reaching their target weight or other goals with help from workouts, we receive authentic and credible word-of-mouth endorsements at almost no cost. In fact, if recent behavioral research is accurate, these experiences can create “contagions” in wh ich the behavior of users is mirrored by their networks of friends, amplifying the word-of-mouth effect and reflecting well on the underlying brands.It’s our strong intuition that virtual items play an important role in facilitating virtual word of mouth. This belief, at its core, is based on observing user behavior. While the notion of virtual goods—nonphysical objects used in online communities and games—still puzzles many executives, it’s quite apparent that consumers love them. People acquire or compet e for virtual items obsessively on Foursquare, Zynga, and many other sites. It is estimated that virtual goods have become a very real $5 billion industry worldwide.So why do consumers pay real money for online objects that don’t actually exist? Their mot ives reinforce our notion that users seek online importance: they purchase virtual goods primarily for self-expression (such as virtual houses or virtual gifts) and for recognition (such as virtual badges for becoming, say, the “mayor” of a bar on Foursqua re). These behaviors are too widespread and intense to be fads, and marketers need to recognize them as meaningful. Brands should actively experiment with ways to use virtual goods as catalysts of word-of-mouth media. Word-of-mouth marketing through social networks could emerge as an important tool in the marketer’s arsenal. That will depend on whether marketers can tame the fundamentally unpredictable and serendipitous nature of word of mouth without losing what makes it so valuable in the first place—its authenticity.。
