路桥工程专业英语第二课
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Lesson 1 土木工程中的各种业务土木工程是一个意味着工程师必须要经过专门的大学教育的职业。
许多政府管辖部门还有(一套)认证程序,这一程序要求工科毕业生在他们能积极地开始(从事)他们的事业之前,通过(认证)考试, 这种考试类似于律师职业里的律师考试一样。
大学里, 工科课程中着重强调数学、物理, 和化学,尤其在开始的二到三年。
在工科所有分支中,数学非常重要, 因此它被着重地强调。
今天, 数学包括统计学中的课程主要涉及集合, 分类, 和使用数字数据, 或信息。
统计数学的一个重要方面是概率, 它涉及当有改变问题的结果的不同的因素, 或变量时,可能会发生什么。
例如,在承担桥梁的建设之前, 运用统计研究来预计未来桥梁期望承受的交通量. 在桥梁的设计中,(各种)变量如作用在基础上的水压, 碰撞, 不同的风力的作用, 以及许多其它因素必须考虑。
由于在解决这些问题涉及大量的计算, 现在几乎所有工科课程中都包括计算机编程。
当然,计算机能比人类以更快的速度和准确性解决许多问题。
但如果不给计算机清楚和准确指令和信息,换句话说,一个好程序,它也是无用的。
虽然,在工科课程中,对技术科目着重强调,但当前的趋势还是要求学生学习社会科学和语言艺术的课程。
工程和社会间的关系变得更加紧密; 因此,再一次充分说明, 工程师负责(承担)的工程在许多不同和重要的方面影响社会,这些方面是他们所知道的。
并且,工程师需要一种很肯定(自信)语言表达方式来准备报告,这个报告要清楚明了,且在多数情况下, 是令人信服的。
参与研究的工程师要能为科学出版物详细描述他们的发现。
最后两年的工科课程计划包括学生专业领域的学科。
为准备使学生成为一名土木工程师, 这些专业课程可能会涉及诸如大地测量、土力学,或水力学。
学生在大学中的最后一年前常常就开始了频繁的工程师招聘。
近年来,许多不同的公司和政府机构为争夺工程师而竞争。
在今天这个重视科学技术的社会,受过技术训练的人当然是受欢迎的。
专升本英语范文45篇(5篇)今天,我早上去上英语课。
九点半,我们刚上课。
老师说,我们复习一下前几天学的字母,看看学生记不记得了。
老师让第一组做字母表练习。
我是第一组。
我们演ABCDE,第二组演FGHIJ,然后让第三组演KLMO。
同学们都表现的很好,老师如释重负的说,真的很好。
老师接着说:“说你的英文名。
”你能猜出我的英文名字叫尚吗?哈哈!我的英文名字是杰瑞。
我觉得名字很好听,我也喜欢。
老师说:“我让一些学生给我们做一些字母练习。
”其中老师叫我C,我妈说就像拿着一个大橘子。
我以为我拿着一个橘子,结果好像我拿着一个橘子。
老师夸我你的行为像c!我们应该认真对待一切。
学起来真的很有意思!当我回到妈妈的商店时,我正在认真做作业。
店里的大妈都跟我妈说:“你儿子写得很好。
”我暗暗为自己加油,我想学好英语。
我喜欢学习英语。
走进英文绘本同学们,这个月是读书节。
在几周前的升旗仪式上,许多学生为我们推荐了许多好书。
除了这些好书,还有学生对英文绘本感兴趣吗?今天,我们请四中队的蔡为我们推荐一本英语绘本。
第四中队蔡亲爱的老师和同学们:这部小说充满了奇思妙想,故事情节紧张有趣。
同学们,如果你们对故事的结局感到好奇,请跟随杰克探索故事!听了蔡的介绍,相信大家都迫不及待地想和我们一起读英语绘本了。
让我们开始一段阅读英语绘本的旅程,在英语世界自由飞翔。
亲爱的同学们:首先,请允许我代表我们学校的领导,热烈欢迎老师和学生来到你们身边,欢迎来到我们的学校和生活。
我演讲的重点将是中国的传统节日,如春节和中秋节。
在演讲中,我将介绍这些节日的起源和习俗。
例如,中秋节,在中国农历的8月15日,是一个传统的中国节日,供家人和亲人团聚。
除了在这一天享受灿烂的满月之外,中国人还会吃月饼,背诵中国古诗以及猜灯谜。
我相信这些知识将有助于外国学生更深入地了解中国文化。
我真的很期待与所有的国际学生分享这些。
你真诚的,李明土木工程专业典型求职信各位领导:您好!我是土木工程专业xx级本科。
交通工程(路桥)本科专业培养方案一、培养目标本专业培养德、智、体全面发展,知识、能力、素质协调成长,获得注册工程师基本训练,能从事道路工程、桥梁工程、隧道与地下交通设施等与交通工程(路桥)相关的咨询、规划、设计、施工及运营维护、工程质量监督方面的相关工作的应用型高级工程技术人才。
二、培养要求及实现途径按照行业对本专业人才的要求,以理论知识为基础、以实践能力为重点、以综合素质为目标构建本专业学生良好的知识、能力和素质体系。
本专业人才知识、能力和素质要求及实现途径如下表:三、主干学科交通工程,土木工程四、相近专业公路与渡河工程五、专业主干课程和主要实践环节主干课程:高等数学、大学英语、大学物理、力学类课程、专业基础类课程、技术能力类课程。
主要实践环节:实习:认识实习、测量实习、金工实习、电子实习。
理论教学与课程设计一体化课程:道路勘测设计、路基路面工程设计、桥梁工程设计、桥梁工程综合设计、桥梁基础工程设计。
专项课程设计:隧道工程课程设计、地下工程课程设计。
专项训练:军事训练、专项施工方案编制训练、施工企业技能学习与训练、注册建造师训练、毕业设计(论文)。
六、学制标准学制4年,弹性学制4-8年。
授予学位:工学学士。
七、学时分配与毕业学分要求八、毕业规定:1、至少取得总学分172.5及以上(其中必修课学分139.5学分,选修课33学分),选修课中通识课程人文、管理与艺术类各2学分,且必须修满模块一(隧道与地下交通设施课群组)或模块二(公路与城市桥梁工程课群组)11学分以上。
2、至少获得6个第二课堂学分。
3、通过体育达标测试。
十、专业教学进程及计划表五邑大学交通工程专业(路桥方向)(本科)2013版教学进程及计划表(四年)。
摘要公路概论1、历史回顾.罗马人是西欧任何意义上的第一条道路的建设者,他们具有的从帝国的一个地方迅速移动到另一个地方的能力对政治军事而言都是非常重要的。
罗马道路以其直线形为特点,普遍的看法说还有他的耐久性而所寻求的好的路线平面图是能在来自敌方潜在的风险降低后提高直达的道路。
正是由于这样的原因,道路的表面高度都会比实际地面高出一米甚至更多,这样也可以提高一个好的视野去观察周边的情况,因而这就是现代词汇“高路”的来源。
这种道路的耐久性也不是那么的绝对,但是至少在帝国倒台以后几个世纪的成就也没能超越它。
在英国典型的主要罗马道路是由几层材料组成的,下层可能用瓦砾来提高它的强度,由石灰混凝土材料构成的中间层连系着由石板或石灰混凝土板组成的上层。
而路面的总厚度将随不同的地面条件而改变但是在接近原地面的一个路面厚度须达到接近一米的厚度,这在任何一个地方都是必须要满足的。
在黑暗的中世纪——在这以后也是一样——英国没有采取任何措施去尝试保养或者翻新罗马道路,从而罗马道路破坏恶化。
而到了中世纪末,整个国家没有了道路交通系统成为了事实仅存的道路也是未铺装的,这种道路在一年中的大多数时间是泥泞的而无法通行,其余时间也是因尘土飞扬而导致无法通行但是在短距离道路上绕道可能因私人土地或者复杂地形而使道路更加蜿蜒曲折而一般的非法结合以上特点的道路组织了所有行人除了那些最有决心的旅行者们。
在英国,现状的首个改变是1555年的一次行动,这次行动要求每一个教区要对本教区的道路进行保养并且聘用专门的道路检验员但是由于这个职位是无偿的资源匮乏的,而且手头要做的工作也没有相匹配的技术支持,因而检验员一职不受欢迎和无效的明显期望是正确的。
一个多世纪以来,这方面资源的缺乏仍然是个问题。
在十七世纪后期,第一条试验收费公路在大北路(现在的A1公路)建成收费公路即是一个向道路使用者征收道路使用费用的收费系统就在下个世纪初期,议会产生的一系列法案就授权托拉斯在全国主要干道上建立收费公路系统在这种提升的金融环境条件下道路建设技术通过像德福、特福德和与麦克亚当齐名的先驱者的贡献得到缓步发展而在大约1830年的时候发明了一种用于铺装路面的“井”系统可以对道路交通产生很少的或几乎没有约束行车的时间不仅仅受限于国家的现有道路,还受限于交通工具的性能。
Lesson 7 Transportation Systems交通运输系统Transportation system in a developed nation consists of a network of modes that have evolved over many years. The system consists of vehicles, guideways, terminal facilities and control systems: these operate according to established procedures and schedules in the air, on land, and on water. The system also requires interaction with the user, the operator and the environment. The systems that are in place reflect the multitude of decisions made by shippers, carriers, government, individual travelers, and affected nonusers concerning the investment in or the use of transportation. The transportation system that has evolved has produced a variety of modes that complement each other.在发达国家,交通运输系统由网状结构组成的模式已经发展了好多年。
这个系统由交通工具、轨道、站场设施和控制系统组成。
这些依照空中、陆上和水上已制定的程序和计划运转。
这个系统也需要和用户、司机和环境互动。
道路桥梁与渡河工程专业个人职业规划(2) 我出生在一个农村家庭,父母都是农民。
父母的坚持给了我非常大的开展空间,让我有足够的勇气去实现自己的梦想。
本校土木工程学院的近几年就业率是100%,可以看出土木工程的各专业是很好就业的,而且就业率遥遥领先。
当今世界,大学生人数增加,考研率增加,竞争压力增加,但是国家也积极扩大根底设施的扩建,目前国家的根底设施投入接近32亿,这充分说明了国家的人才需求量加大,而且目前土木工程人才就业未饱和,所以土木工程人才就业前景是非常广泛的。
1、学好专业知识,提高英语和电脑的应用水平
2、拿到相关的技能证书
3、积极参加活动,宽大交际面4,加强社会实践活动,关注就业动态
1、顺利进入洛阳市公路管理局第一工程处在工作中不断
2、学习,在工作中不断学习,掌握技能3,掌握技成为公司的骨干力量,搞好人脉关系。
4、成为工程师、中层管理人员能
1、结合所学知识,不断摸索创新
2、总结经验,形成有效的工作方式3,工作受到领导和员工的肯定4,成为高级工程师、公司高层的管理人员
1、顺利进入洛阳市公路管理局第一工程处在工作中不断
2、考取高级工程师证。
1、奠定根底,学好专业课。
2、向工程师奋进
3、继续努力工作,向高级工程师进攻。
1、专业对口,待遇不错。
2、靠近家乡,照顾家庭。
3、人脉关系,提供机遇。
1、上海先锋科技
2、南京夏普电器
3、无锡东洋电器
4、上海英业达股份
代表行业:建筑施工企业、房地产开发企业、路桥施工企业等。
3-axle truck 三轴汽车abut 邻接,毗邻,贴近,靠紧,接近abutment 桥台accessibility 易接近,可到达的accommodating 乐于助人的,随和的accompanying 陪伴的,附随的account 计算,账目,说明,估计,理由,总计有,认为,得分aesthetic 美学的,审美的,有审美感的air temperature 气温algebraic 代数的,关于代数的algorithm 运算法则alternaive bid 替补性投标alternative 二者选一,替补ambient air temperature 周围(介质)温度,环境温度ambush 伏击;埋伏(处)amplification 扩大appearance 外观approach 引道approval 赞成,承认,正式批准apron 裙板arbitrary 任意的,武断的,独裁的,专断的arch bridge 拱桥arterial 动脉的arterial 干线的asphalt binder 沥青结合料assign 分配,指派assignment 分配,委派,任务,作业,atterberg limits 土的特性湿度界限bearing 支座bituminous 沥青的,含沥青的bottom slab 底板bow string girder 系杆拱梁,弓弦梁cable-stayed bridges 斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge斜拉桥cantilever 悬臂capacity 容量,生产量,智能,才能cease 停止,终了centroid 质心centroid 质心channelization 管(渠)道化characteristic特有的,表示特性的,典型的clearance 净空clearance 清除code 标准commence 开始,着手comply 顺从,答应,遵守compression 压力comprise 构成,组成conservative 保守的,守旧的consistent 一致的,调和的,坚固的,consultant 顾问,商议者,咨询者contingent 可能发生的,暂时的,附随的,偶然的事情converting 吹(炉冶)炼,转炉炼钢corrosion 锈蚀creep 徐变crossroad 十字路,十字路口,歧途cross-section 横截面currently 普遍的,通常的,现在,当前curvature 曲率cut-back asphalt 轻质(地)沥青,稀释(地)沥青cycle track 自行车道dead load 静载deck slab 顶板deem 认为,相信deflection 歪斜,偏,偏向deflectometer 挠(弯,偏,挺)度计deformation 变形depressed 降低的,悲伤的,沮丧的destination 目的地,目的文件,目的单元格destructive 分解蒸馏,毁馏deteriorate 恶化deviation 背离differentiate 区别,区分dilute 稀释,discrepancy 相差,差异,矛盾distinct 清楚地,明显的,截然不同的,独特的diversion 绕行绕路ductile 韧性的durability 耐久的dwelling 住处eccentric 偏心的,偏心装置efficiency 效率,功率eigenfrequency 本征频率,特征频率element 单元,元件,要素elevation 高程emulsified asphalt 乳化沥青emulsify 使乳化erect 架设essentially 本质的,本来,根本europe-wide 欧洲范围exception 例外,反对,除外expanded 扩大的,膨胀的expansive 易扩张的,广阔的,豪爽的,豪华的expedite 加快,促进,迅速做好exponential 指数,倡导者,演奏者,例子,指数的,幕数的expressway 快速路external prestressing 体外预应力extrapolation 外推法,推断facility 容易,简易,灵巧,熟练falsework 支架flag 薄层;薄层砂岩flexibility 弹性,适应性,机动性foundation 基础frost 霜冻,严寒,结霜,霜generate 产生,发生gorge 峡谷grade separations 立体交叉gradient 坡度granular 有小粒而成的,粒状的grout 薄胶泥薄浆,石灰浆,用薄泥浆填塞grout 压降handbook 手册,便览handrail 护栏hard-surfaced road 硬质路面道路heavens 冻胀histogram 柱状图hostile 敌人的,敌方的household 家庭的,家族的,家属的,普遍的,平常的hybrid construction 混合施工hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,烃hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢impedance 阻抗,安全阻,implement 工具,器械,贯彻,实现,执行impose 释….强加于,利用,强使incremental launching 顶推inherent 固有的,内在的,与生俱来的internal prestressing 体内预应力intrusion 闯入,侵扰iterative 重复的,反复的,迭代的jughandle 不均衡的,单方面的,片面的lane (乡间)小路,巷,里弄,狭窄的通道,航线lateral 侧面的latex 乳胶,橡胶lens 透镜,镜头liquefy 液化logarithmic 对数的longitudinal 纵向的loss-of-prestress 预应力损失maintenance 维持,保持,生活费用,扶养maintenance 维修maneuver 机动manual 手册,指南masonry 砌体mass 群众的,大规模的,集中的,块,大多数,质量,materially 本质上,物质上,重大median 中央的,中线的,中值的methodology 方法论,方法学methodology 方法学,方法论minimize 将……减到最少minimum 最小的,最低的,最小值,最小化mitigate 减轻moisture 潮湿,湿气moment of inertia 惯性矩mound 土墩,护坡,堆起,筑堤necessitate 成为必要node 节点occupancy 占有optimal 最佳的ordinary temperature 常温orthotropic 正交的oscillation 振动overall length 全长overpass 天桥,路桥oxidation 氧化(作用)oxidize 氧化,使氧化parameter 参数,参量,起限定作用的因素parish 教区partial prestressing 部分预应力passage 通道peak 山顶,顶点,最高峰,缩小peak 山顶,顶点,最高峰,消瘦,缩小pedestrian 徒步的,呆板的,通俗的,步行者pedestrian 行人penetration(沥青)针入度,灌入,贯入度perceive 感知,感到,认识到performance grading 沥青的性能等级petroleum 石油pier 桥墩pilot 试点的,引导的pipeline 管线pitch 硬沥青,硬煤沥青placed放,安装,排列,整顿plasticity 可塑的,塑性,portal frame门架post-tensioned method 后张法potential 潜在的,可能的,潜能,潜力,电压precast 预制prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土prioritize 把…...区分优先次序process 过程,作用,方法,程序,步骤,进行profile 侧面,外形,轮廓proposed 被提议的prosper (使)兴隆,(使)繁荣,(使)成功prototype 原型prudent 谨慎的R.C. 钢筋混凝土reduction 减少refine 提炼removal 移动,免职,切除replaceable 可替换的residential 住宅的,与居住有关的resilient 弹回的,有回弹力的resistance 抵抗restrained 受限制的,有限的,拘谨的retaining wall 挡墙right-of-way 公路用地rigid frame bridge 刚架桥rigidity 刚性,刚度roadway 路幅roller 转轴rubble 毛石,块石saddle 鞍座scaffold脚手架scatter 分散,散开,撇开,驱散semi-solid半无限固体semi-weathered 半风化的shrinkage 收缩shuttering 模板shy 怕羞的,畏缩的,害羞的sidewalk 人行道significance 重要(性),紧要,重大significantly 意味深长的,值得注目的simply supported 简支simulate 模仿sinuous 曲折的,错综复杂的slab bridge 板桥slenderness 细长比slope 斜坡,斜面,倾斜sodden 泡胀了的soft coal 烟煤span-by-span 逐孔spectra 范围,光谱spilt 劈开,裂开,分裂,分离stiffness 刚度stiffness 坚硬,硬度submit 服从,顺从,提交,递交subsoil 地基substructure 下部结构sufficient 充分的,足够的sulphur dioide 二氧化硫sulphur extened asphalt 掺硫沥青sulphur 硫硫磺硫化的硫磺的summary 概要,摘要superimposed load 附加荷载superstructure 上部结构susceptible 易受影响的,易感动的,容许…..的suspension bridge 悬索桥swampy 沼泽的,多沼泽的,潮湿的tack coat (沥青)黏层,黏结层tank 箱t-beam T梁tender 投标tendon 钢束tension 拉力terminate 停止,结束,终止terrain 地形thaw 解冻three-dimensional 三维的tie beam 系梁topography 地形学topography 地形(测量)学,地形,地势tower 塔transit 经过,通行,搬运,通过,经过transmit 传递transverse 横向的trend 倾诉,趋势,伸向,通向truss 桁架turnpike 收费公路up to 直到usable 可用的,合用的,便于使用的versatility多能性,多换性,多用途version 译文,译本,翻译versus 与……相对vibration 振动waterproof 防水的,不透水的,防水物料,防水布weakening 弱化well 井wingwall 翼墙zonal 带状的。
Lesson 1 Careers in Civil EngineeringMany civil engineers, among them the top people in the field work in design. As we have seen ,civil engineers work on many diferent kinds of structures , so it is normal practice for an engineer to specialize in just one kind . In designing buildings ,engineers often work as consultants to architectural or construction firm.Dams, bridges, water supply systems and other large project ordinarily employ several engineers whose work is coordinated by a system enginneer who is in charge of the entire project . In many cases engineers from other disciplines are involved .In dam project , for example , electrical and mechanical engineers work on the design of the powerhouse and its equipment. In other cases , civil engineers are assigned to work on a project in another field ; in the space program , for instance ,civil engineers were necessary in the design and construction of such structures as launching pads and rocket storage facilities .Construction is a complicated process on almost all engineering projects. It involves scheduling the work and utilizing the equipment and the materials so that costs are kept as low as possible . Safty factors must also be taken into account , since construction can be very dangerous . Many civil engineers therefore specialize in the construction phase.11许多土木工程师在设计领域工作,他们中的许多人是这个行业的佼佼者。
备注:建筑学全体教师南昌大学科学技术学院机械设计制造及其自动化101班班级课表备注:工程训练(14-16周) 周爱娇 工程训练中心3楼 生产实习(17-19周)谢晖南昌大学科学技术学院机械设计制造及其自动化102班班级课表备注:工程训练(14-16周) 周爱娇 工程训练中心3楼 生产实习(17-19周)胡久瑞南昌大学科学技术学院机械设计制造及其自动化103班班级课表备注:工程训练(14-16周) 周爱娇 工程训练中心3楼 生产实习(17-19周)胡久瑞南昌大学科学技术学院机械设计制造及其自动化111班班级课表备注:课程设计(17-19周)谢晖等 工程训练中心3楼南昌大学科学技术学院机械设计制造及其自动化112班班级课表备注:课程设计(17-19周)周林玉等 工程训练中心3楼南昌大学科学技术学院机械设计制造及其自动化113班班级课表备注:课程设计(17-19周) 周林玉等 工程训练中心3楼南昌大学科学技术学院机械设计制造及其自动化121班班级课表备注:工程训练(5-8周)梁惠 工程训练中心1楼南昌大学科学技术学院机械设计制造及其自动化122班班级课表备注:工程训练(5-8周)梁惠 工程训练中心1楼南昌大学科学技术学院机械设计制造及其自动化123班班级课表南昌大学科学技术学院车辆工程101班班级课表备注:南昌大学科学技术学院车辆工程102班班级课表备注:南昌大学科学技术学院车辆工程111班班级课表备注:南昌大学科学技术学院车辆工程112班班级课表备注:南昌大学科学技术学院车辆工程121班班级课表备注:南昌大学科学技术学院车辆工程122班班级课表备注:南昌大学科学技术学院材料成型及控制工程(模具)101班班级课表备注:工程训练(15-18周)罗华云、邱国旺 机械301、306南昌大学科学技术学院材料成型及控制工程(模具)111班班级课表备注: 第13周工程训练 邱国旺等 机械312、303 14周工程训练 管菊花 机械309 机械设计课程设计(17-19周)张玲艳、邱国旺、工程训练中心3楼南昌大学科学技术学院材料成型及控制工程(模具)121班班级课表备注: 金工实习 (9-12周) 梁惠 工程训练中心1楼南昌大学科学技术学院模具设计与制造(大专)111班班级课表备注:金工实习 13-15周 梁惠 工程训练中心1楼 工程训练 16-17赵向阳等 化工楼5楼 18-19周工程训练 陈国香 化工楼5楼南昌大学科学技术学院模具设计与制造(大专)121班班级课表备注:工程训练 14周 邱国旺等 机械303 工程训练15周 陈国香 化工楼5楼 课程设计 16-17周 胡久瑞 化工楼5楼 工程训练(18-19周)周爱娇、罗华云 机械312 南昌大学科学技术学院过程装备与控制工程101班级课表备注:第15周实验南昌大学科学技术学院过程装备与控制工程111班级课表备注: 课程设计(17-19周)冯永平等 工程训练中心3楼南昌大学科学技术学院过程装备与控制工程121班班级课表备注:南昌大学科学技术学院生物技术101班级课表备注:南昌大学科学技术学院生物技术111班级课表。
道路桥梁与渡河工程《理论力学A》课程简介课程编号:090213201中文名称:理论力学A英文名称:Theory Mechanics A学分学时:5.0-80开课学期:秋季先修课程:《材料力学》、《工程地质》、《弹性力学》、《水力学》适应专业:土木工程及水利工程类课程类别:本专业大类课程课程性质:必修考核形式:考试教材:《理论力学》哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研室主编高等教育出版社主要参考书:1《静力学》谢传峰主编高等教育出版社《动力学》谢传峰主编高等教育出版社.内容简介:《理论力学》分为I II 两册。
I册包括静力学(静力学公理、物体的受理分析、平面力系、空间力系、摩擦),运动学(点的运动学、刚体的简单运动、点的合成运动、刚体的平面运动等)和动力学(质点的动力学基本方程、动量定理、动量矩定力、动能定理、达朗贝尔原理、虚位移原理等)。
II册包括分析力学基础、非惯性系中的质点动力学、碰撞、机械振动基础、刚体定点运动、自由刚体运动、刚体运动的合成、变质量动力学等。
《材料力学A》课程简介课程编号:090213204中文名称:材料力学A英文名称:Materiol Mechanics A学分学时:4.5-72开课学期:春季课程类别:本专业大类课程课程性质:必修考核形式:考试教材:《材料力学I》刘鸿文主编高等教育出版社主要参考书:《材料力学学习指导书》内容简介:本教材第一册包含了材料力学课程中的基本内容,内容包括:绪论,拉伸,压缩与剪切,扭转,弯曲内力,弯曲应力,弯曲变形,应力和应变分析,强度理论,组合变形,压杆稳定,动载荷,交变应力,平面图形的几何性质等。
第二册包含了材料力学课程较深入的内容,内容包括:弯曲的几个补充问题,能量方法,超静定结构,平面曲杆,厚壁圆桶和旋转圆盘,矩阵位移发,杆件的塑性变形等。
《工程测量A》课程简介课程编号:060313004中文名称:《工程测量A》英文名称:Engineering SurveyA学分学时:3.5-56开课学期:春季课程类别:本专业大类课程课程性质:必修考核形式:考试教材:《测量学》许娅娅应主编人民交通出版社内容简介:本课程介绍了测量学的基本概念与理论,阐述了测量学的基本知识和测量仪器(包括常规和新型仪器)的使用方法,介绍了测量误差的基本知识,小区域控制测量,包括平面控制测量和高程控制测量的施测与计算,大比例尺地图测绘的传统方法和数字化测图方法,大比例尺地形图应用及数字地面模型在公路工程中的应用,施工测量的基本工作,道路中线测量、纵横断面测量,桥梁测量、隧道测量,“3S”技术及其应用。
道路桥梁与渡河工程专业发展规划一、道路桥梁与渡河工程专业发展背景1、增设专业的主要理由道路桥梁与渡河工程是国家2012年新版本科专业设置目录中的特色专业。
道路桥梁与渡河工程(Road Bridge and River-crossing Engineering)包括道路工程、桥梁工程、隧道工程、港口工程、水利工程、机场工程、地下工程等,该专业主要培养国家交通运输网建设中急需的,能够从事公路、城市道路、桥梁、隧道及地铁工程、机场工程等方向的设计、施工、养护、管理等方面的科研和工程建设的高级人才。
20世纪90年代以来,中国交通基础设施建设一直处于迅速发展时期,前期的高等级公路建设、后期的高速铁路建设、目前的城市轨道交通和立体交通(高架路桥)建设,以及其间伴随的港口和机场建设等方兴未艾,在中国国民经济中起着非常重要的作用,今后相当长一段时期内,以轨道交通建设、城镇立体交通(高架路桥)建设为主的各类交通基础设施建设仍将平稳持续发展。
大量新建工程以及庞大的建成工程的养护管理都需要持续不断的道路桥梁与渡河工程专业人才的不断补充,由此设置道路桥梁与渡河工程专业是非常必要的。
同时该专业作为一个重要的基础学科,有其重要的属性:综合性、社会性、实践性、统一性,它为国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的改善提供了重要的物质基础,对众多产业的振兴也发挥着促进作用。
2、道路桥梁与渡河工程专业人才需求现状由于我国对交通建设人才的需求量巨大,再加上道路桥梁工程本身是一项专业性强的技术工作,目前我国主要是部分985及211工程高校,以及部分交通部直属院校设有道路桥梁与渡河工程专业,每年的毕业生数量供不应求。
据相关管理部门的统计表明,全国最近几年该专业每年大约需要50000人,随着我国经济未来5年将每年以10%的速度增长,基础设施投资将进一步加大,需要的道路桥梁工程人才更多。
如面向全国招生,此专业将得到长期的发展。
因此,无论从市场的需求还是自身发展的需要,都急需增设道路桥梁与渡河工程这一专业。
道路桥梁工程技术专业人才培养方案制定人:罗宏审定人:批准人:一、专业名称及代码专业名称:道路桥梁工程专业代码:041300二、招生对象及学制招生对象:初中毕业生或具有同等学历者。
学制:全日制三年。
三、专业培养目标本专业培养目标是面向施工企业(公路工程、城市道路工程方向)生产第一线,主要从事道路桥梁工程施工组织管理和技术管理工作,具有能读懂施工设计文件,初步审核施工图的能力;具有按照设计文件(设计图纸等)和相关技术规范要求,编制施工方案、施工方法和施工工艺,并合理组织管理施工和工程定位测量放样的能力;具有按照工程质量检验方法和验收标准,对工程实物进行自检和实测实量并能按要求填报各种质量检验表格的能力;具有收集整理工程技术资料和文件归档能力;具有组织协调各个部门的关系的能力。
具有较强实践管理能力的实用型、技能型、复合型、创新型的高等职业技术人才。
职业岗位:技术员、施工员、质检员、资料员、试验员四、毕业生职业面向及职业能力要求(一)毕业生职业面向施工员、质检员、安全员、造价员、试验员、测量放线工、养路养护工、沥青混凝与摊铺机操作工、压路机操作工、水泥混凝土摊铺机操作工、平地机操作工等。
(二)职业能力要求1.专业能力(1)具有能读懂施工设计文件,初步审核施工图的能力。
(2)具有按照设计文件(设计图纸等)和相关技术规范要求,编制施工方案、施工方法和施工工艺,并合理组织管理施工和工程定位测量放样的能力。
(3)具有按照工程质量检验方法和验收标准,对工程实物进行自检和实测实量并能按要求填报各种质量检验表格的能力。
(4)具有收集、整理、编制工程技术资料和文件归档能力。
(5)具有组织协调各个部门的关系的能力。
(6)具有对施工现场进行技术控制、质量控制、进度控制、安全控制、成本控制的能力、施工现场协调及合同、信息管理能力2.社会能力(1)团队协作能力。
(2)良性竞争能力。
(3)职业操守能力:社会责任感、服务品质意识和安全质量意识、环境保护意识。
专业英语一选择puter are B useless unless they are given clear and accurare instrucctions and informationputer programming is now including in almost all engineeing B curricula.7.Acrive B recruiting for engineers often begins before the studen t’s last year in the university.8.Many different A corporations and government agencies have comperend for the services of engineers in recent years.9.They may prefer to work with one of the government agencies that B deals with wather resources.11.The civil engineer may work in research ,design,construction,Bsupervision,maintenance,o reven in sales.12.Civil engineers work on many different kinds of C structures .13.It is normal practice for an engineer to specialize in just one kind.14.In designing buildings,engineers often work as B consultants to architertural or construction firms.puter can’t solve complicated problems unless they are given D a good program.17.Electrical and mechanical engineers work on the A design of the power-house and its equipment.18.Construction is aB complicated process on almost all engineering projects.21.Much of the work of civil engineers is carried on C ourdoors .22.For example,B dams are often built in wild river valleys or gorges.25.Thrust is the pressure exered by each part of a structure on A its other parts .27.Today,scientific data permit the engineer to make careful calculations D in advance .28.The weighe of all the people,cars,furniture,machines and so on that the structure will support when it is in use is B live load .29.The force at which the live load will be exerted on the structure isC impact.32.When a saw cuts easily through a piece of wood,the wood is A in tension.33.We definde D shear as the tendency of a material to fracture along the lines of stress.34.B horizontal force acts up or down.36.The Romans also uaed a natural cement called pozzolana,made from B volcanic ash ,that became as hard as stone under water. 38.Modern cement is a mixture ofB limestone and clay .40.Different proportions of the ingredients produceconcrete with different streingth and weight.43.Steel rods are bent into the shapes to give them thenecessary degree of tensile strength.44.Prestressed concrete has made it possible to developbuildings with unusual shapes.46.Many great buildings built in earlier ages are massivestructures withB thick stone walls .47.The modern engineer must also understand the Cdifferent stresses to which the materials in a structure aresubject.49.A simple contract consists of an agreement enterd intoby D two or more parties.51.Some contracts muat be made in a particular D form tobe enforceable.52.Once a person has signed a document he is assumed tohave B approved its contents.55.The contractor is not entitled to any payment if heabandons the work prior to completion.56.The retention money serves to insure D the employeragainst any defects that may arise in the work .60.That civil engineering works must be completed to thesatisfaction of the employer,or his D representative.62.The employer or C promoter of civil engineeringworks normally determines the conditions the conditionsof contract.63.In most cases the tender may be B withdrawn at anytime until it has been accepted.66.The employer is entitled to know the reasoningunderlying theC engineer’s choice of contract.68.A contract has been defined as an agreement whichdirectly creates and contemplates C an obligation.71.If there is no written agreement and C a dispute arisesin respect of the contract.73.Roadbeds B underlie highway pavement structures andthe ballast and track on which trains move.74.In recent years rippers have been used successfully toC break up loose or fractured rock .75.Where material is moved less than about 60m orsteeply downhill, drifting with a track or wheel typebulldozer is A cheapest.78.In 1923,the most used tool was a A scraper of 1/2yd3ually there areC no easy answers on equipmentselection.82.Material forB embankment commonly comes fromroadway cuts or designated borrow areas.84.Construction of pavement over high fills often was Bdeferred for a year or more after completion of the fill toallow this settement to occur.87.In this case, layer thickness,moisture control, and thenumber of passes by a roller of specified type and weightare A predeterminde.88.Field control is largely a matter of conducting thespecified procedure.89.Nearly all vegetable matter should be removed fromthe original ground and fill material.yered construction also produced greater uniformityin the material D itself and in its density and moisturecontent.92.A tuack or wheel type bulldozer is D not suitable toearthmoving considerably long hauls.95.Terminology concerned B with highway preservationvaries considerably from country to country.98.Public agencies typically dictate the major constraintswithin which these design decisions are to be made.101.Safe highways are C expensive and it appears that thedriving public does not want safe highways.104.TheB defective vehicle is a creator of accident.105.Past experience shows that of the vehicles involvedin all crashes.110.Another improvement in drivervisibility is theintroduction of the remote-controlled B outside rearviewmirror.111.The safe performance of the brake system C underhigh temperatures has been ensured.113.The highway can require mental and A physicalresponses.116.The use of uniform traffic control device will reducedriver reaction time A as well as confusion.118.A main source of accidents,the problem of B drunkendriving is the most serious of all.119.To avoid the driving after drinking,one of themethods is B breath test .二、填空121.Areas of research connected with civil engineeringinclude soil mechanics and [soil stabilization] techniques.122.thus [on-the-jod] training can be accquired totranslate theory into practice to the supervisors.123.Engineers oftten work as [consultants] toarchitectural or construction firms.rge projects ordinarly employ severl engineerswhose work is coordinated by a [systems engineer ]125.An important aspect of statistcal mathematics is[probabibity]126.Young engineers may choose to go into[environmental] or sanitary engineering.127.The weight of structure itself is known as [dead load]128.Modern cement,called [Portland cement] wasinvented in 1842.129.[Prestressed] concrete is an improved form ofreinforcement.130.As a structural material,the enormous asvantage of steel is its [tensile strrngth]131.When planning a stucture,an engineer must take into account four factors:deadload [live load] impact and safety factor.132.The three forces that can act on a structure are [vertical fore]horizontal force,and those that act upon it whit a rotating or turning motion.133.A simple contract consists of an [agreement] entered into by two or more parties.134.Theword contract is derived from the latin contractum,meaning [drawn] togther.135.This surn is known as [retention] money and serves to insure the employer against any [defects]that may arise in the work.136.One party to the contract is [liable]for beach of contrac if he fails to perform hs part of the agreement. 137.It is suffcient in order to create a legally [binding contract] if the parties express their agreement and intention to enter into such a contract.138.The contractor is not entitled to any [payment] if he abandons the woek prior to completion,and will be liable in [damages] for breach of contract.139.Excavation is the process of loosning and removing earth or rock and transporting it to a fill or to a [waste deposit].140.[Clearing] the site precedds all grading and most other construction operations.141.Rock nearly always must be drilled and blasted,then loaded with a front-end loader or [power shovel] mtotrucks or other hauling units.142.Mateerial for embankment commonly comds from roadway cuts or designated [borrow areas].143.No attempt was made to control [moiture]content or to secuew compaction.144.Loose rock includes materils such as [weathered or rotten ] rock ,or earth mixed with boulders.145.Causes of automobile accident can be categorizd into four major groups:the vehile,the,the driver,the [pedestrian].146.The redesign of windschield wipers,fresh air [ventilating] systems,had resulted in greater vehicle safety.147.Another improvement in diver visibility is the introduction of the remote-controlled outside [rearview ] mirror.148.The safe performance of the brake system has been ensured by the use of [heavy-duty] brake fluid.149.Relocation and reduction in height of the brake [pedul] has meant that the driver’s total reaction time has been reduced. 150The new design standards require [guard]rails andother structures to lessen a vehicle’s impact.三、英译中。
第二课沥青及沥青混合料Asphalt $ Mix AsphaltText: Asphalt &Asphalt Paving Materials1Asphalt DefinedThe black cementing agent known as asphalt has been used for road construction for centuries. Although there are natural deposits of asphalt , or rock asphalt , most used today is produced during the refining of crude oil. Asphalt is a constituent of most petroleums and is isolated through the refining process.Asphalt is called a bituminous material because it contains bitumen, a hydrocarbon material soluble in carbon disulfate. The tar obtained from the destructive distillation of soft coal also contains bitumen. Both petroleum asphalt and coal tar are referred to as bituminous materials. Because their properties differ greatly , petroleum asphalt should not be confused with coal tar . Petroleum asphalt is composed almost entirely of bitumen while the bitumen content in coal tar is relatively low. The two materials should be treated as separate entities.One of the characteristics and advantages of asphalt as an engineering construction and maintenance materials is its versatility. Although a semi-solid at ordinary temperratures , asphalt may be liquefied by applying heat, dissolving it in solvents, or emulsifying it. Asphalt is a strong cement that is readily adhesive and highly waterproof and durable, making it particularly useful in road building. It is also highly resistant to the actions of most acids, alkalis, and salts.1.1Asphalt BinderAsphalt is produced in a variety of types and grades ranging from hard-brittle solids to near water-thin liquids. The semi-solid form known as asphalt binder is the basic material used in Hot-Mix Asphalt(HMA) pavements. Liquid asphalt is produced when asphalt binder is blended or “cut back” with petroleum distillates or emulsified with water and an emulsifying agent.At ambient air temperatures, asphalit binder is a black, sticky , highly viscous material. It is a strong and durable binder with excellent adhesive and waterproofing characteristics. Applying heat, which facilitates mixing with mineral aggregates to produce HMA , can readily liquefy asphalt binders.The largest use of asphalt binder is for HMA . After compacting and cooling to air temperature, HMA is a very strong material with the ability to sustain heavy traffic loads while remaining flexible enough to withstand ambient environmental conditions and stress. Over 96 percent of the hard-surfaced roads in the United States are paved using HMA.1.2 Emulsified AsphaltsEmulsified asphalts(also known as emulsions) are low-viscosity mixtures of tiny asphalt binder droplets, water and emulsifying agents. The emulsifying agent coats the surfaces of the asphalt droplets and keeps them suspended in the water prior to application. After application, the asphalt emulsion breaks and the water separates and evaporates. Emulsions are brownish in color during application, but after breaking, the asphalt binder returns to its original black color. Emulsions are used for a Tack Coat between subsequent layers of HMA to aid in binding thelayers together.Cut-back asphalts are low-viscosity liquid asphalt mixtures manufactured by diluting (cutting back ) Asphalt Binders with petroleum solvents (cutter stock or diluent). After application, the petroleum solvent evaporates, leaving the asphalt binder residue. Cut-back asphalts may be used as a tack coat between subsequent layers of HMA, particularly when ambient air temperatures are cool.2. Asphalt Binder GradingAsphalt binders appropriate for pavement construction were previously graded based on resistance to penetration and/or viscosity measures. Currently ,asphalt binders are graded based on the temperature range over which the binder retains certain desirable characteristics. These desirable characteristics include adequate flexibility to resist cold temperature cracking and sufficient rigidity to resist warm temperature rutting. The current grading system is known as the Performance Grading(PG) system.Performance grading specifications were developed as part of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) and are a major component of SUPERPA VE. Binders are specified on the basis of the climate andpavement temperatures in which the binder is expected to serve, pavement Age Performance graded (PG) binders used in Minnesota vary from north to south and with intended use; however, PG 58-28 is the most commomly used grade. The first number (58) represents the average 7-day maximum pavement design temperature in degrees Celsius. This maximum temperature establishes the upper temperature limit for the binder ti retain adequate rigidity to resist rutting .The second number (-28) represents the minimum pavement design temperature in degrees Celsius. The minimum temperature established the lower limit for the binder to retain sufficient flexibility to resist thermal cracking.Physical properties of the binders are measured at various temperatures both before and after laboratory aging. The laboratory aging is conducted to simulate field cinditions imposed during the HMA production prosess as well as from long-term environmental exposure.3. Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA)Hot-Mix Asphalt is known by many different names: HMA, asphalt concrete, plant mix, bituminous concrete, and many others. It is a combination of two primary ingredient s—aggregates and asphalt binder. The aggregates total approximately 95 percent of the total mixture by weight. They are mixed with approximately 5 percent asphalt binder to produce HMA.The aggregates and asphalt are combined in a manufacturing plant capable of producing specified materials. Plant equipment includes: cold bins for storage and controlled proportioning of graded aggregate; a dryer for drying and heating aggregates to the required mixing temperature;a pug mill or drum for combining the graded, heated aggregate and liquid asphalt cement according to specified mix formulas and tanks for storing the heated liquid asphalt.HMA is transported by truck to the paving site where it is spread to a uniform thickness with a mechanical paving or finishing machine. The material is then compacted to the required degree by heavy, self-propelled rollers, producing a smooth pavement course.The paving or finishing machine places the HMA at temperatures between approximately 225°and 300° F ,depending on the mixture characteristics, layer thickness and ambient conditions. The material should be compacted before the mix temperature falls below optimum compaction temperature, dependent on ambient conditions, to achieve adequate density.Covering more than 96 percent of the nation’s paved highways, HMA is the most widely used paving material in the United States. For versatility, durability, and ease of construction, it has no equal.4. The Activity To Modify Asphalt PropertiesThe characteristics of asphalt may be improved by means of various other techniques.Pitch, when added to asphalt, has the effect of increasing the rate at which the binder oxidizes on exposure to the atmosphere. One of the effects of oxidation is that the binder loses flexbility and therefore becomes harder and more susceptible to the abrasive effects to traffic; and therefor becames harder and more susceptible to the abrasive effects of traffic; an oxidized binder is thus likely to wear away in preference to particles of coarse aggregate set in the surface, allowing the chippings to protrude from the surface and improve the skidding resistance. Pitch-bitumen mixtures should contain of the order of ten percent pitch by mass. Note that it is possible to the penetration of a binder at the refinery by blowing air through it, thus encouraging oxidation.Rubber may be added to asphalt to asphalt in various ways as liquid latex, for example, or in powder form. The effect of adding about four per cent of natural rubber by weight of binder is , unsurprisingly, to improve the elastic properties of the binder. This is advantageous where a asphaltic surfacing may be expected otherwise to crack - as for example when laid over an old jointed concrete pavement, where reflection cracking may be expected over the movement joints. Tests 10 have suggested that rubberized asphalt is effective in these circumstances.Sulphur may be used as a partial substitute for some asphalts, and experimental work has been carried out in this field in the US. The economic benefits of using sulphur extended asphalt (SEA), whose binder consists of such a mixture, depend on the relative costs of the two materials. In the UK there is currently little cost benefit to be obtained from the use of sulphur, and SEA is therefore not used.Sulphur provides the benefit of a strong and durable material. However its use should be approached with caution since at temperatures above 140℃sulphur will take up water to yield the unpleasant gases surphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide and and the consequent environmental draw backs during the laying process militate against the use of sulphur in urban areas.Words and ExpressionsAsphalt:沥青;asphaltene:沥青质;asphaltic:沥青的,含沥青的;cementing agent:粘结剂;deposits:矿藏;crude oil:原油;constituent:构成的,组织的,成分的;petroleums:原油;isolate:隔离;refine:精炼,炼制;bituminous:含沥青的;bitumen :沥青;hydrocarbon :碳氢化合物,烃;soluble:可溶的;carbon disulfate:二硫化碳;Tar:焦油;destructive distillation:分馏;soft coal:烟煤;coal tar:煤焦油;refer to:属于、归类于;Compose:组成;Entity:实体、存在;Versatility:多才多艺、多用途;semi-solid:半固体;ordinary temperrature:常温;Liquefy:液化;Solvent:溶剂;Emulsify:乳化;readily:容易的、无困难的;adhesive:粘结;Waterproof:防水性;Durable:耐久性;resistant:有抵抗力;acids, alkalis, and salts:酸、碱、盐;Binder:包扎工、包扎工具、(建)粘结料;Asphalt Binder:沥青结合料、沥青料;hard-brittle:硬、脆;Blended:混合;cut back:稀释;emulsifying agent:乳化剂;ambient:周围的;ambient air temperature:环境温度;Sticky:胶粘的;viscous:粘性的;Applying heat:加热;Facilitate:使容易、使便利;readily :容易的;Liquefy:液化;hard-surfaced roads:硬化道路;Emulsified Asphalts:乳化沥青;Emulsions:乳胶、乳液;Suspend:悬浮;Break:破乳;Brownish:棕色的;Tack Coat:粘层;Tack :图钉;subsequent:随后的;Aid:辅助;Cut-back asphalts:稀释沥青;Dilute:稀释,变淡;cutter stock:???Diluent:稀释剂;appropriate:适当的;resistance:抵抗力、阻力;penetration:针入度;range over:范围;desirable:称心如意;Rigidity:刚度;rutting:车辙;Performance Grading(PG):性能分级;Strategic:战略的;SUPERPA VE:Superior Performing Asphalt Pavement :高性能沥青路面;Specified:指定的,详细说明;Age Performance:老化性能;intend:打算;resist rutting:抗车辙;thermal:温度的;Simulate:模拟;imposed:使……强加于;Exposure:暴露;Plant:厂拌的;aggregate:集料;Approximately:大约;manufacturing plant:加工厂;capable:有能力;cold bin:冷料仓;proportioning:成比例的;pug mill :搅拌机;drum:筒;tank:箱;Site:现场;Propell:推动;Optimum:最适合的;Modify:修改;by means of:用、依靠;means :方法、手段、财力;Pitch:硬沥青;Oxidize:氧化;oxidation:氧化作用;Susceptible:易被影响的、敏感的;Abrasive:研磨的;wear away:使……磨损;Preference:偏爱、优先、选择权;in preference to:优先于;coarse aggregate :粗集料;chippings :碎屑、薄片;protrude:伸出、突出;skidding:刹车;mass:质量;latex:橡胶浆;Otherwise:否则;otherwise to :不那样的;jointed :有接缝的;reflection cracking:反射裂缝;Sulphur:硫;硫化的;Substitute:代替、代用品;sulphur extended asphalt:掺硫沥青;Approach:靠近;Caution:小心、告诫、警告;take up:吸收;Yield:产生、产出;surphur dioxide:二氧化硫;hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢;draw back:弊端;Militate:起作用、发生影响;Reading MaterialBitumen and its Properties。