11电梯A班英语语法(二)

Part Two English Grammatical Knowledge for English Test Level AI 强调句和倒装句1）It 引导的强调句结构。

此强调句的构成为it is (was) + 强调部分+ that+ 句子其他成分。

被强调的部分通常为主语、宾语、状语。

◆如果强调的部分是表示人的名词，那么也可以用who, 如果是指物的名词也可以用which, 但that比which 更常用。

It was Jane who lent me the money.It was this novel that/ which they talked about last night. \◆如果强调的是原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不能用since, as或why 引导。

It was because he had never had the opportunity that John hadn’t learnt to drive.2) do/ does/ did + 动词远些用在陈述句中或祈使句中表示加强语气。

I did telephone you yesterday, but you were not in.3) 宾语从句，表语置于句首，一般不引起句子主语与谓语的倒装，这样的前置起强调作用。

A foolish mistake he has made.Very delighted she appeared.True friend David certainly is.4) 用词汇手段进行倒装起强调作用。

能用于强调的词汇有：very, ever, on earth, in the world (用于特殊疑问句)，right，just 等。

Here is the very reference book I am looking for.Put it right in the middle.This is just the book I want to buy.5) 以neither, nor ,so 开头的句子要进行倒装“I can’t see the blackboard very well from the back seats.”“Neither can I. “Silver can conduct electricity, so can copper.He can’t answer the question, nor can I.6）as 引导让步状语从句，将表语（或状语）提前，构成部分倒装。

Young as he is, he knows much.在上述倒装句中，如果主语较长，也可用全部倒装；如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加冠词。

Difficult as was the chemistry homework, it was finished in time.Child as he was, he had to make a living.7) 表示“绝不”意义的短语如：by no means, in no case, in no way, on no account, under no circumstances, on no consideration 等，当放在句首时，句子要倒装。

By no means can I allow him to go swimming alone.At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.On no account are you to touch those electric applicances with wet hands.8) 表示否定意义的副词或短语如：no, never, little, nowhere, not, hardly, seldom, rarely, no longer, not until, no sooner 等，它们放在句首是，都必须倒装。

“What happened to Jean’s new car?”“No sooner had she bought it than someone ran into it. “Not until noon did he start.Seldom (或Rarely) has he met us lately.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.9) 如果主语很长，为了使句子平衡，经常采用倒装语序。

Gone are days when my heart was young and gay.为了强调或突出句中某一部分，也会出现部分或完全倒装。

A very qualified teacher he is.In 1939 came the Second World War.May you all be happy!What a beautiful flower garden it is!10) Only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，其句子应使用部分倒装。

Only by working hard, can you make much progress in your study.Only socialism can save China.11) 某些状语放在句首，句子也要倒装，如：nearby，often, many a time, always, 方式副词thus, 及程度副词so等开头的句子中，常使用倒装语序。

Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.Many a time has he caome to see me.Ⅱ主谓一致1）“就近原则”即谓语动词的人称和数与其接近的主语保持一致。

连词or, either… or, neither…nor, not only … but also等都属于此列。

Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today.Not only the teach but also his students object to the change.在倒装句中谓语也是和后面的第一个主语一致。

Here is a table and four chairs.Where is the teacher and his students?2) “语法一致原则“即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数。

以单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语和从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

How close parents are to their children has a strong influence on the character of the children.His ambition is to be a scientist.He wants me to help him with his English.To see is to believe.Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.3) both…and连接的并列主语，其谓语动词一般用复数形式。

Both my father and mother are advanced workers.what she says and what she does do no agree.4) 并列的主语是同一事物，同一人，其谓语动词要用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。

A singer and dancer is coming to attend our meeting.A car and horse is seen in the street.5) 有and连接的并列单数名词分别有every, 谓语动词用复数。

Every body and every girl wishes to attend the evenign party.如果单数名词前分别有no, many a, more than one修饰时，谓语动词也要用复数。

More than one student is likely to make the same mistake.Many a man thinks life is meaningless without a purpose.6）主语后面跟着with, together with, along with, as well as, accompanied by, as much as, rather than, no less than, more than 等短语所带的插入语，对谓语也不产生影响。

Several theories on the subject have been proposed.The teacher, as well as his students, is doing morning exercises. Professor Wang, accompanied by his wife and children, is arriving tonight.7) “a lot of (lots of, plenty of) + 名词”构成的短语以及“百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语是，其谓语取决于短语中后面的名词。

是可数名词，谓语动词多用复数，是不可数名词，谓语动词多用单数。

Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.60 percent of the students in our class are from the south.Lots of damage was caused by fire.8) 以a series of, a portion of, a kind of 等，加名词构成主语，谓语动词用单数。

A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language lab use.A large portion of products has been sold.9）“one out of+名词复数”或“one of +名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。