木制品熏蒸要求(澳大利亚)

澳大利亚木质包装检疫熏蒸标准应用分析为有效降低国际贸易中木质包装传播检疫性有害生物的风险, 2002年3月国际植物保护公约组织( IPPC)发布了第15号国际植物检疫措施标准———国际贸易中木质包装材料管理准则( Guidelines forRegulatingWood Packaging in International Trade,以下简称ISPM15) 。

该标准规定国际贸易中的木质包装须经过统一标准的检疫处理措施,并在包装上加施统一格式的专用标识。

截止2006年3月,至少已有64个国家或地区采用了该标准。

我国制定并于2005年3月1日起实施《出境货物木质包装检疫处理管理办法》(以下简称69 号局令) ; 澳大利亚于2004年12月发布了《澳大利亚木质包装认证体系》( The Australian Wood Packaging CertificationScheme,以下简称AWPCS) 。

笔者对比分析了中澳两国在执行ISPM15中的差异,并结合口岸检疫工作实际提出完善木质包装检疫监管措施的有关建议。

1澳大利亚木质包装检疫监管的差异1.1关于管理机制我国检验检疫机构全面负责对标识加施资格企业的考核、批准和日常监管,管理和监督涉及木质包装处理的每一批次。

澳大利亚则将主要的管理工作授权给认证机构,由许可的认证机构对标识加施资格企业实施认证管理,认证机构受理申请,负责首次资格考核和每年至少2次的运行期监督检查,依据考核检查情况确定企业标识加施资格的授予、暂停或取消。

澳大利亚检疫检查署负责发放加施资格企业编号并发布获得资格认证的企业名单,与认证机构保持联系以监控AWPCS的运行效果,并定期对该体系进行审查。

标识加施企业只须按照质量手册的要求开展日常处理业务,不必批批申报。

当进口国反馈有违规情况时,由检疫检查署负责调查。

1.2关于熏蒸方式我国69号局令只规定了熏蒸库一种熏蒸方式;澳大利亚的AWPCS则规定了集装箱、熏蒸库和帐幕3种熏蒸方式。

澳大利亚进口再造木制品、竹木草制品的检疫要求再造木制品（reconsituted wood products）Commodity: Reconstituted wood productsScientific name:Country: All countriesEnd use: All uses other than as animal foods, fertilisers or for growing purposes产品：再造木制品来源国：所有国家用途：除饲料、化肥及种植以外的所有用途以下为具体检疫要求Non-Commercial1. The conditions under the Commercial section apply非商业性的货物，检疫措施与商业性再造木制品相同Commercial1. An Import Permit is not required.2. A Quarantine Entry is not required.3. Reconstituted wood products are not of interest to quarantine as they are deemed to pose minimal quarantine risk and can be released without inspection. Reconstituted wood products are those that as a result of the manufacturing process no longer contain solid wood and include particleboard, chipboard, hardboard (masonite), oriented strand board, medium and high density fibreboard. This case does not apply to plywood and veneer products. (Refer to the ICON commodity ‘Plywood and Veneer’.)商业性的货物1. 不需要进境许可。

ippc熏蒸证明的要求有些ippc是一个保护植物的的公约，它规定了很多的植物要办理的熏蒸证明。

下面就是给大家的ippc熏蒸证明内容，希望大家喜欢。

国际植物保护公约(InternationalPlantProtectionConvention，简称IPPC) 国际植物保护公约(InternationalPlantProtectionConvention，简称IPPC)是1951年联合国粮食和农业组织(FAO)通过的一个有关植物保护的多边国际协议，1952年生效。

1979年和1997年，FAO分别对IPPC进行了2次修改，1997年新修订的植物保护公约尚未生效。

国际植物保护公约由设在粮农组织植物保护处的IPPC秘书处负责执行和管理，目前，签约国为111个，中国尚未加入该公约。

国际植物保护公约的目的是确保全球农业安全，并采取有效措施防止有害生物随植物和植物产品传播和扩散，促进有害生物控制措施。

国际植物保护公约为区域和国家植物保护组织提供了一个国际合作、协调一致和技术交流的框架和论坛。

由于认识到IPPC在植物卫生方面所起的重要作用，WTO/SPS协议规定IPPC为影响贸易的植物卫生国际标准(植物检疫措施国际标准，ISPMs)的制定机构，并在植物卫生领域起着重要的协调一致的作用。

区域植物保护组织(TheRegionalPlantProtectionOrganizations，简称RPPOs)在区域范围内负责协调有关IPPC的活动，在新修订的IPPC中，区域性植物保护组织的作用扩展到与IPPC秘书处一起协调工作。

根据各个国家的情况不同，对熏蒸证明的提供也有所不同。

特别是在全球最大的交易网站eBay上做对外贸易卖家而言，更需要提供熏蒸证明。

此外提供熏蒸证明，需要注意一些事项。

熏蒸证明书是用于证明出口粮谷、油籽、豆类、皮张等商品，以及包装用木材与植物性填充物等，已经过熏蒸灭虫的证书。

对于做出口贸易的卖家而言，当出口的商品将一些需要熏蒸证明的相关物品销往国外时，外贸企业需要提供熏蒸证明书，这是对商品的保障。

澳大利亚溴甲烷熏蒸标准澳大利亚溴甲烷熏蒸标准是指对于澳洲各类跨国物流出口产品的溴甲烷熏蒸进行规范的标准。

在出口产品过程中，对于可能携带有害生物，如蚂蚱、白蚁等的木包装材料，使用溴甲烷熏蒸是常见的一种消毒方法。

为避免熏蒸方法对环境及人类的危害，澳大利亚严格执行溴甲烷熏蒸标准，以下是相关内容。

一、熏蒸要求：1.熏蒸拥有资质的熏蒸公司按照标准程序进行熏蒸，并进行监管，确保环境与人体健康不受影响。

2.加热溴甲烷至沸腾后，放置待温度降低并搅动溶液、再次升温的过程重复数次，确保产品周围的溴甲烷分布均匀。

3.以单位面积内浓度≥56g/m2.h的规定时间进行熏蒸，以保证有效性，保持熏蒸浓度的稳定。

二、熏蒸要求的安全措施：1.责任方须进行相关员工的安全训练，使用必须全程佩戴安全手套、口罩等防护器材，以保证人体健康安全问题。

2.标准下，熏蒸环境应该相对封闭，并开放足够的通风或者保持相对低温度。

3.必须规划必要的泄漏和废料处置计划，以确保对环境的影响降至最小。

三、熏蒸操作和修正：1.在熏徐过程中，一旦出现明显泄漏气体，要及时调整仪器，确保熏蒸环境的稳定。

2.如果出现熏蒸浓度偏低的情况，熏蒸时间必须延长到足够的浓度长度，以确保消毒效果。

3.每次使用后，设备都必须彻底清洁和消毒，以避免残留和交叉感染问题。

澳大利亚溴甲烷熏蒸标准是出口产品物流中的必备程序。

在熏蒸活动中，必须严格控制环境和人体健康方面的安全问题，确保熏蒸效果。

熏蒸过程需要保持周遭的均匀分布；同时需要对管道、熏蒸设备进行适当调整，以保证操作的安全性。

在每次完成使用后，需要对设备进行彻底的清洁和消毒，为次次熏蒸工作做好准备工作。

关于出口木质包装（熏蒸）第一篇：关于出口木质包装(熏蒸)关于出口木质包装（熏蒸）标签：资料一：目前，对我国出口货物木质包装要求进行检疫或检疫处理合格，并出具相关检疫证书的输入国有：澳大利亚、新西兰、美国、加拿大、巴西和欧盟（奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英国成员国）。

具体要求如下：(一)、澳大利亚、新西兰的检疫要求出口货物的木质包装在中国出境前经检疫处理的，须提供中国官方出具的《熏蒸/消毒证书》，方可入境；在中国出境前未能取得中国官方出具的《熏蒸/消毒证书》的，该批货物木质包装也可以在输入国口岸的检疫部门监督下，拆除木包装进行处理，或连同货物一并处理。

因此，这类货物木质包装在出口前是否向检验检疫机构申报检疫处理由出口企业自行决定。

(二)、美国、加拿大、巴西的检疫要求1、出口货物使用木质包装的，必须在中国出境前经检疫处理，并取得中国官方出具的《熏蒸/消毒证书》，方可入境；否则，将被退货、或其他检疫处理。

2、出口货物未使用木质包装的，出口企业可以自行出具无木质包装证明或在装箱单、提单、发票上注明该批货物无木质包装声明，便可入境。

（三）、欧盟的检疫要求1、1999年6月10日起实施的紧急法令（简称1号法令）：“木质包装不得带有树皮，不能有直径大于3毫米的虫蛀洞；或者必须对木质包装进行烘干处理，使木材含水量低于20%”。

由于该法令未要求出具官方检疫证书，因此，只要出口企业所使用的木质包装符合上述标准，便可直接出口。

但是，在入境时被输入国检疫部门抽查发现所使用的木质包装不符合上述标准的，将被退货或其他检疫处理。

为了出口货物在输入国顺利通关，出口企业认为所使用的木包装不符合上述要求的，可向检验检疫机构申请检疫处理并出具《熏蒸/消毒证书》。

2、2001年10月1日起实施的对针叶树木质包装紧急法令（简称2号法令）：（1）出口欧盟货物使用松材线虫疫区针叶树木质包装的，在出口前须进行热处理，处理合格的木质包装上须有标记，在标记上注明处理方法、地点及实施处理的单位，并由出入境检验检疫机构出具《植物检疫证书》。

海关关于熏蒸的管理要求
海关对于熏蒸的管理要求主要涉及进出口货物的熏蒸处理和相
关程序。

首先，海关要求进口货物必须符合目的地国家或地区的相
关熏蒸要求，以确保货物不携带有害生物。

这包括对木质包装材料、散装货物和容器进行熏蒸处理，以防止有害生物的传播。

此外，海
关还要求出口货物必须符合目的地国家或地区的熏蒸要求，以确保
货物在目的地国家或地区能够顺利通过检疫。

其次，海关要求熏蒸处理必须由经过认可的熏蒸公司或熏蒸工
厂进行，并且必须符合国际标准和相关法规。

熏蒸公司或工厂必须
具备专业的设备和技术，确保熏蒸处理的有效性和安全性。

海关还
要求熏蒸公司或工厂必须及时向海关提交相关的熏蒸处理报告和证
明文件，以便海关进行审查和监管。

此外，海关还要求进出口企业必须配合海关的熏蒸管理要求，
如实申报货物的熏蒸情况，并提供相关的证明文件。

海关会对申报
的货物进行抽查，并对熏蒸处理的有效性进行监督和检查。

对于不
符合熏蒸要求的货物，海关将依法进行处理，以确保国际贸易的安
全和顺利进行。

总的来说，海关对于熏蒸的管理要求主要是为了防止有害生物的传播，保障国际贸易的安全和顺利进行。

企业和熏蒸公司必须严格遵守相关要求，配合海关的监管和检查工作，确保货物的熏蒸处理符合法规，以免遭受不必要的损失和延误。

木质包装熏蒸证明在国际贸易中，木质包装已成为一种不可或缺的物流包装，它可以有效地保护货物，但同时也可能携带各种有害生物，对目的地国的农业生产和生态环境造成威胁。

为了减少这种潜在的风险，国际标准组织（ISO）制定了标准ISPM 15（Phytosanitary Measures），要求所有木质包装必须经过熏蒸处理后才能使用，并且需要有相应的证明文件。

ISPM 15标准ISPM 15标准要求所有木质包装使用前必须接受熏蒸或热处理，以杀死包装内的有害昆虫、病毒和真菌等生物，避免其传播到目的地国。

该标准适用于所有木材和木制品，包括托盘、箱子、木板、栈板、木桶、木制家具、木制工艺品等。

为了符合ISPM 15标准，必须使用被认可的熏蒸方法。

大多数国家接受的方法是热处理（HT）和甲醛熏蒸（MB）。

热处理的温度和时间要求根据包装的厚度和木材种类而定。

甲醛熏蒸在木材表面形成一层薄膜，以杀死害虫，并在包装的一侧打上标识符号。

木质包装熏蒸证明目前，世界上许多国家都要求进口的木质包装必须具备熏蒸证明，这些证明通常包括以下几个要素：•包装商名称和地址；•熏蒸方法和参数，包括温度、时间、压力等；•熏蒸日期和地点；•木材来源国和种类；•熏蒸商名称和地址；•物流包装识别码。

这些证明需要由包装商或熏蒸商出具，并经国家有关部门验收后才能使用。

在运输过程中，这些证明文件需要随包装一同运输，以便于目的地海关查验。

在目的地国，海关会对所有木质包装进行检疫，并查验是否具备相应的证明文件。

保障贸易安全ISPM 15标准的实施，主要目的是防止木材和木制品中的有害生物跨境传播，保障进口国的生态环境和农业生产安全。

因此，所有涉及木质包装的进出口商品都需要遵守这一标准。

除了符合国际标准之外，良好的包装也是保障贸易安全的重要一环。

我们需要选择高质量的包装材料、专业的包装方案，以减少货物在运输中的损失和风险。

Packaging Design Solutions公司致力于为客户提供全方位、专业的国际物流包装方案，帮助客户保障贸易安全，降低运输成本，提高运输效率。

DAFF METHYL BROMIDE FUMIGATION STANDARDVersion 2.1August 2013CONTENTSFumigant considerations – risk assessment, commodity, dosage, temperature (5)1.1 Risk assessment (5)1.2 Commodity (Non perishable) (5)1.3 Commodity (Perishable) (5)1.4 Dosage (6)1.5 Temperature (7)The fumigation site (8)2.1 Site requirements (8)2.2 Site floor (8)Consignment suitability for fumigation (9)3.1 Fumigant circulation (9)3.2 Fumigant penetration (10)The fumigation enclosure (11)4.1 Chamber fumigation (12)4.2 Pressure tested container (13)4.3 Un-sheeted container (14)4.4 Sheeted enclosures (15)4.5 Safety (16)Preparing the fumigation enclosure (17)5.1 Monitoring tubes (17)5.2 Fumigant supply pipes (18)5.3 Fans (19)5.4 Sand and water snake specifications (19)Calculating the dosage of fumigant required (20)6.1 Calculation of fumigation enclosure volume (20)6.2 Calculation of fumigant dosage (20)Performing the fumigation (21)7.1 Using a vaporiser (21)7.2 Distributing fumigant within the enclosure (22)7.3 Checking for leaks (22)Monitoring and maintaining fumigant concentrations (23)8.1 Monitoring frequency (23)8.2 Fumigant levels – Start-point and End-point (24)8.3 Fumigant concentrations (25)8.4 Topping-up (27)Completing the fumigation (28)9.1 Ventilation (28)9.1 Continued (29)9.2 Certification (29)APPENDIX 1: Fumigation of Perishable Commodities (30)APPENDIX 2: Fumigation of vessels with methyl bromide (32)APPENDIX 3: Commodities for which problems may occur when fumigated withmethyl bromide (39)APPENDIX 4: Example of a record of fumigation (40)APPENDIX 5: Example of a fumigation certificate (41)APPENDIX 6: Pressure testing chambers and containers for gas-tightness (43)Page 2APPENDIX 7: Monitor tube placement for container fumigation (46)APPENDIX 8: Fumigant gas supply pipe systems (47)APPENDIX 9: Calculating the volume of differently shaped fumigation enclosures .. 48APPENDIX 10: Vaporisers for methyl bromide (49)APPENDIX 11: Methyl bromide monitoring table (51)APPENDIX 12: Examples of ‘Top-up’ calculations (53)APPENDIX 13: Methyl bromide as a quarantine fumigant (55)APPENDIX 14: Methyl bromide as an ozone depleting gas (56)APPENDIX 15: Glossary of terms (57)Page 3How to use this Standard This standard is divided into two main sections:∙DAFF Requirements∙Descriptive AppendicesDAFF RequirementsDAFF requirements for this section are designed to be subject to audit during quality control procedures, either by DAFF, by other quarantine authorities or by authorised agents of either.This section is divided into two main columns:MANDATORYThis column lists conditions that MUST be achieved and actions which MUST be undertaken in order to conform to the requirements of the DAFF Standard.INFORMATIVEThis column lists information that may be helpful to a fumigator in achieving the Mandatory Requirement.AppendicesThese appendices provide information on a range of issues that may be helpful to a fumigator on various aspects of the fumigation procedure.MANDATORY INFORMATIVE FUMIGANT CONSIDERATIONS – RISK ASSESSMENT, COMMODITY, DOSAGE, TEMPERATURE 1.1 Risk assessment1.1.1 Before commencing anyfumigation process a riskassessment must be carried out. The purpose of risk assessments is to ensure that any fumigation undertaken is carried out in such a way that minimises any Workplace Health and Safety (WH&S) risks, meets local regulations, protects the local population and the environment,and addresses potential adverse effects on the commodity being fumigated. A risk assessment may be written or visual, as appropriate1.2 C ommodity (Non perishable)1.2.1 The commodity must be suitablefor methyl bromide fumigation. See the Import Conditions (ICON) database.au/biosecurity/import/icon-icd for information on specific commodities.Some commodities are unsuited to this treatment as they absorb large quantitiesof methyl bromide e.g oils, fats and finely ground materials. This may causetainting or phyto-toxicity and may lead to hazards such as the presence ofexcessive bromide residues. This may result in the fumigated commodity notbeing suitable for its intended use.If there is concern that a commodity may be adversely affected by methylbromide, importers, exporters and fumigators should seek expert advice (outsideof DAFF) regarding its effects or conduct tests on the commodity.See APPENDIX 3: Commodities for which problems may occur whenfumigated with methyl bromide. This table lists some commodities for whichexperts have found problems when fumigated with methyl bromide. This list isnot comprehensive and is provided for guidance only.1.3 Commodity (Perishable)1.3.1 Fumigation of nursery stockmust only be performed inAustralia.1.3.2 Fumigation of fresh flowers mustonly be performed in Australia(unless exemptions are in place).Perishable commodities include cut flowers, fresh fruit, vegetables and nursery stock.Additional requirements for the fumigation of perishable goods are set out in APPENDIX 1: Fumigation of perishable commoditiesMANDATORY INFORMATIVE 1.4 Dosage1.4.1Dosage must conform to:∙Permit conditions to importQuarantine Material intoAustralia;∙DAFF Import Conditions(ICON) database;∙Quarantine Directions (within Australia). Overdosing (the application of fumigant at rates above those specified by DAFF) to compensate for poor fumigation practice or inadequate equipment or sheeting should not be undertaken.See the ICON database (.au/biosecurity/import/icon-icd)1.4.2 For the majority of commodities(excluding perishables) DAFFtreatment dosages must be basedon the anticipated minimumambient temperature that thecommodities inside thefumigation enclosure willexperience during the fumigationperiod.TABLE 1 :COMMON STANDARD DOSAGEFOR METHYL BROMIDE FUMIGATIONPEST/COMMODITYREQUIREDCONCENTRATIONGiant African Snail128g/m³ at 21 °C for 24 hours atNormal Atmospheric Pressure(NAP)Khapra Beetle80 g/m³ for 48 hours with aminimum concentration of24 g/m³ after 24 hours at NAP Other Stored Product Pests of Quarantineconcern32 g/m³ at 21 ºC for 24 hours atNAPTimber48 g/m³ at 21 °C for 24 hours atNAPMANDATORY INFORMATIVE 1.5 Temperature1.5.1 Fumigation for quarantinepurposes is not permitted if theambient minimum temperaturefalls below 10 °C. At temperatures below 10 °C the fumigant has decreased effectiveness against pests, and more of the gas may be absorbed by the commodity. Excessive fumigant uptake can pose an increased safety risk, as the gas is difficult to remove from the commodity.1.5.2 Dosage must be compensated fortemperatures below 21 °C. For each 5°C (or part of 5°C) the temperatureis expected to fall below 21 °C, 8g/m³ must beadded to the dosage, unless otherwisespecified by DAFF.For example, using the standard dosage of48g/m³ for a 24 hour exposure period, thedosage at:21 °C and above is 48 g/m316 – 20 °C is 56 g/m311 – 15 °C is 64 g/m310 °C is 72 g/m3The fumigation provider must record thetemperature information on the fumigationcertificate.Minimum ambient temperatureThe minimum ambient temperature that the fumigation enclosure is expectedto experience over the duration of the treatment should be determined bychecking with the official weather bureau in the country where the fumigation istaking place. This temperature should be used when determining the dosage.Alternatively, temperature recording equipment may be used to verify thetemperature within the enclosure during the fumigation exposure period.See APPENDIX 5: Example of a fumigation certificate.1.5.3 Heating of fumigationenclosures. The temperature in the fumigation enclosuremust be raised above 10 °C during fumigationif the minimum temperature inside theenclosure is expected to fall below 10 °C.Heaters incorporating a fan and thermostat may be used for this purpose. Flashproof heaters should be used if the commodity is flammable.Consideration can also be given to storing and fumigating the commodity inheated warehouses during extended cold periods.MANDATORY INFORMATIVE THE FUMIGATION SITE2.1 Site requirements2.1.1 The fumigation site must:∙Be able to be isolated fromunprotected personnel.∙Be well ventilated.∙Be sheltered from high winds (as much as possible).∙Have a power supply available (either mains or generator). The site should be protected from adverse weather conditions such as high winds that can affect fumigation performance.Electrical power or a generator will need to be accessible on site to run fans and heaters during fumigation treatments.2.2 Site floor2.2.1 The fumigation floor must be flatand even.2.2.2 The fumigation site floor must beimpermeable to the fumigant forsheeted containers and stacks. The floor of any site used for fumigationsperformed under sheets must be:∙Free of stones and other sharp objects sothat a gas-tight seal can be made betweenthe sheets and the floor;∙Free of cracks (including unsealedexpansion joints in concrete floors) anddrains or any other openings that willreduce the gas tightness of the enclosure.Where unsealed cracks or drains are present,they must be no closer than 1 metre from thefumigation enclosure.Uneven surfaces for fumigations performed in containers can cause the containeritself to flex making it difficult to get a good seal and prevent excessive leakageof the fumigant.Surfaces sealed with concrete or hot mix asphalt, that is, with a smooth surfacefinish that are in good condition and meet the requirements listed to the left,generally provide good floor surfaces for effective sheet fumigation.Where unsealed cracks exist in a floor intended for fumigation, they may besealed with an impervious sealant.Surfaces such as soil (including cement consolidated soil), sand, base rock andpaving (stones or blocks) do not provide a suitable floor for a sheet fumigationenclosure.∙On porous or unsuitable surfaces gas proof sheets should be used or the floorshould be permanently sealed;∙Plastic sheeting or paper containing a tar (asphalt) layer may be used for thispurpose.MANDATORY INFORMATIVE CONSIGNMENT SUITABILITY FOR FUMIGATION3.1 Fumigant circulation3.1.1 There must be sufficient free airspace to circulate the fumigant andachieve uniform distributionthroughout the enclosure.The fumigator must be able to demonstratethat the required concentration of methylbromide can reach the target of thefumigation by taking and recordingconcentration readings from representativepoints within the enclosure.See 5.1 Monitoring tubes and,7.2 Distributing fumigant within theenclosureThe free air space requirements for effective treatment of a consignment will varydepending on the commodity and the method of packing.As a guide, there should be at least 350 mm of free airspace in total with 200 mmfree air space above the commodity, 50 mm below and the remaining 100 mm atthe sides and between the commodities.Where commodities are stacked on the floor there must be sufficient free airspace between individual items to allow the fumigant to act effectively on thetarget of the fumigation throughout the entire enclosure.If there is insufficient space to allow the monitoring tubes to be positionedaccording to the requirements then it is unlikely that the consignment can befumigated effectively.3.1.2 Timber must be separated by aminimum of 5 mm of air space inone dimension every 200 mm. The separators must allow for any sagging to ensure that the 5 mm minimum separation is maintained along the entire length of the timber.MANDATORY INFORMATIVE 3.2 Fumigant penetration3.2.1 The target of the fumigation mustnot be wrapped in or coated withmaterials that are impervious tomethyl bromide. The fumigator must verify that theconsignment is not wrapped in imperviousmaterials that may prevent the methylbromide from reaching the target of thefumigation.The fumigator must verify that the target ofthe fumigation does not have impervioussurfaces or coatings such as paints, lacquersand veneers that may prevent the effectivepenetration of methyl bromide.Impervious wrappings such as plastic, tarredor waxed papers, aluminium foil etc. mustbe perforated, cut or removed prior tofumigation to allow the methyl bromide toreach the target of the fumigation.If the consignment cannot be fully inspected for impervious materials because ofproblems with accessibility the fumigator can;∙Rely on a packing declaration from the supplier/shipper/ packer thatdescribes how the consignment is packaged and what packing materialshave been used that allows assessment of the consignment‟s suitabilityfor fumigation.Or, if this documentation is not available;∙Contact another party that has sufficient knowledge of the consignmentto obtain a written declaration that states that it is free from impervioussurfaces or wrappings that would prevent an effective fumigation.If suitable declarations cannot be obtained the container should be unpacked forinspection prior to fumigation. The inspection must be conducted either by thefumigator or by another party that subsequently provides the fumigator with awritten declaration indicating that it is free from impervious surfaces orwrappings.Impervious wrapping does not need to becut or removed prior to fumigation if itconforms to the DAFF wrapping andperforation standard and is not more thanone layer thick.The DAFF Wrapping and Perforation StandardTo meet DAFF perforation requirements for fumigation impervious materialsmust contain not less than four (4) perforations of 6 mm diameter / 100 cm2(10 cm x 10 cm square) or five (5) perforations of 5 mm diameter / 100 cm2.Plastic wraps containing numerous pinholes (at least 6 holes / cm2), frequentlyused for transportation of fruit and vegetables are also acceptable.3.2.2 Untreated timber products musthave at least one physicaldimension which is less than 200mm thick. Timber products must be fumigated beforeany surface coating such as lacquering orpaint is applied unless the product has atleast one uncoated surface and a maximumthickness of 100 mm from the uncoatedsurface.Methyl bromide will, in general, only penetrate 100 mm from the surface intotimber within the fumigation exposure period.MANDATORYINFORMATIVETHE FUMIGATION ENCLOSUREFUMIGATION TREATMENTS FOR QUARANTINE PURPOSES MUST BE CARRIED OUT IN GAS-TIGHT ENCLOSURESThere are several types of enclosures that are suitable for quarantine fumigations of cargo. This diagram illustrates the possible fumigation enclosure options.FumigatePassFailFumigateFumigateFumigateChamber (see 4.1)Pressure Tested Container(see 4.2)Sheeted Enclosure(One or more containers or free standing goods fumigated under an impervious sheet (see 4.4)Un-sheeted Container(Seal container vents/door, bag container floors(see 4.3)Fumigation starting optionsMANDATORY INFORMATIVE 4.1 Chamber fumigation4.1.1 A fumigation can be performed ina permanent structure specificallydesigned for fumigation. Thisincludes shipping containers fixedin place and converted for thispurpose.4.1.2 A pressure decay time from 200 to100 Pa of 10 seconds or more mustbe achieved to verify that achamber is gas-tight.To satisfy these requirements, thefumigation chamber must:∙Be constructed from rigid materialson all sides including the door∙Be permanently sealed along alljoins between the walls, roof andfloor∙Be gas-tight once the door isclosed without the need to usetape, sealant, sand snakes or anyother means to ensure a gas tightseal.∙Not have anything enter thechamber through the door that willinterfere with the seal such asmonitor tubes, supply pipes orelectrical leads.∙Have an inbuilt circulation systemto adequately distribute thefumigant throughout the chamber.∙Have an inbuilt extraction systemthat actively removes the fumigantfrom the enclosure and vents it tothe open air above the roofline ordirects it for recapture; and∙Pass a pressure test at least every 6months.The following actions should occur before performing any chamber fumigation:∙Check that the chamber is not damaged and that there are no objects between thechamber and the chamber door to impair the seal;∙Visually inspect the door seals of the chamber and replace where necessaryIn addition to the pressure test results, deterioration in the ability of the chamber toretain fumigant can indicate the need for maintenance workSee APPENDIX 6: Pressure testing enclosures for gas-tightness.Stricter pressure test requirements are considered necessary for fumigation chambersbecause they are often located inside buildings and in close proximity to unprotectedpersonnel.MANDATORY INFORMATIVE 4.2 Pressure tested container4.2.1 A container can be used forfumigations without the need tosheet or seal the doors and base ofthe container if it passes a pressuretest.4.2.2 A pressure decay time from 50 to25 Pa of 5 seconds or more must beachieved to verify that a containeris gas-tight. If the decay time between 50 Pa and 25 Pa isless than 5 seconds, the container must beenclosed under a gas proof sheet or adequatelysealed (see un-sheeted container forrequirements) before being fumigated withmethyl bromide.Care must be taken to ensure that monitoringtubes, fumigant supply pipes and electricalcables introduced into a container after thepressure test, are adequately sealed to maintaina gas-tight condition.See APPENDIX 6: Pressure testing enclosures for gas-tightness.MANDATORY INFORMATIVE 4.3 Un-sheeted container4.3.1 A container can be used forfumigations without the need topressure test or enclose under agas-proof sheet provided thecontainer can be adequately sealedto ensure a gas tight enclosure. The container must be checked for any visibleholes/damage which may cause gas loss.Visible holes/damage must be repaired.All air vents must be sealed with tape or othersuitable means.The door seals and areas where the supplypipes and monitoring lines exit the containermust be carefully checked for leaks and sealedwith tape or other suitable means.A suitable barrier must be placed around theexternal base of the container up to the level ofthe floor to reduce the amount of air passingunderneath the container. (This is not requiredfor fumigations performed on skeletal trailers)If the fumigation is performed in a containeron a skeletal trailer the following additionalrequirements apply:∙The floor of the container must be leakchecked and any leaks must be adequatelysealed.∙The trailer must remain stationary for theduration of the fumigation and until safelyventilated to 5ppm or less.The container vents and doors can be sealed using tape and/or other suitablesealants. Pay particular attention to the front of the container where the leads andsupply pipes exit the container.Sand snakes can be used to create this barrier. Ensure sand snakes seal all gaps atthe base of the container to reduce the amount of air passing underneath.See 5.4 - Sand and water snake specificationsMANDATORY INFORMATIVE 4.4 Sheeted enclosures4.4.1 Containers and free-standing goodscan be fumigated under gas proofsheets.4.4.2 Prior to every treatment allfumigation sheets must be visuallyinspected for tears, holes andabrasions. These must be repaired orthe sheet replaced.4.4.3 The sheets must:∙Be free from any defects (for example faulty seams/welds, tears or holes);∙Have a permeability of less than 0.02 grams per square metre (offumigation sheet) per 24 hours(multiplied by the dose in g/m³).4.4.4 Sheets must be positioned to create agas-tight seal with the floor. For any sheet fumigation:∙Fumigation sheets must be positioned orprotected with suitable padding to avoid anysharp corners or objects that might damagethem;∙Sheets must be arranged so that there is at least500 mm of sheet extending beyond the limit ofthe seal;In high winds, ropes or belts must be used tohold fumigation sheets in place to preventthem from flapping loose.Joining fumigation sheetsFumigation sheets can be joined by tightly rolling a 400 mm to 500 mmoverlapped join, which should be secured by tight gripping welding styleclips.Joins should be made on, and supported by, a solid surface e.g. a containerroof or wall.When battens are used, there must be at least three to four full turns of thesheets around the battens and the rolled sheets must be held together withtight gripping clips.∙Corners and areas where ropes, electrical leads, gassing pipes andmonitoring tubes emerge from between or under the sheets must be tightlysealed;∙Loose fumigation sheeting on corners of stacks must be secured byfolding, rolling and clipping to prevent blowing out in the wind;∙Where one or more containers are being fumigated under a sheet, at leastone door of each container must be fully opened.Sand or water snakes used to seal the junction of fumigation sheets and thefloor must be overlapped and positioned to prevent fumigant leakage.See 5.4 Sand and water snake specificationsMANDATORY INFORMATIVE 4.5 Safety4.5.1 The fumigation enclosure andthe surrounding area must bemade safe for unprotectedpersonnel.4.5.2 A full-face respirator or self-contained breathing apparatusmust be used when releasingfumigant and while workingwithin the risk area after thefumigant has been released. A …risk area‟ must be set up with a minimum of 3metres clearance around the fumigation enclosure inthe open, or 6 metres clearance in an enclosed area, andwarning signs put in place. The area must be clearedof any unprotected personnel, that is, personnel notwearing a respirator, and at no time during thefumigation treatment should unprotected personnel beallowed to enter the …risk area‟.Respirators must be fitted with a correct gas cartridgeand specified by the manufacturer as suitable formethyl bromide (AX filter type).Gas filter canisters should be used and replaced in accordance with themanufacturer‟s instructions.MANDATORY INFORMATIVE PREPARING THE FUMIGATION ENCLOSURE5.1 Monitoring tubes5.1.1 All fumigations must bemonitored. For enclosures largerthan 30 cubic metres (equivalentto the average internal volume ofa 20 ft shipping container), aminimum of three monitoringtubes must be positioned withinthe enclosure.5.1.2 For enclosures smaller than 30cubic metres, a minimum of onemonitoring tube must be placedat the top centre of thecommodity being fumigated.5.1.3 For commodities not fumigatedinside a container (e.g. largeitems of industrial andagricultural machinery, baggedgrain, stacks of timber) the entireenclosed space within thefumigation sheets must betreated as a single fumigationenclosure. Monitoring tubes must be placed as far aspracticable from fumigant supply pipes.ONE container must have one monitoring tubeplaced:∙at the top back of the commodity– as farfrom the doors as possible;∙as close to the centre of the commodity as ispracticable;∙at the front base of the commodity.TWO containers (in the one enclosure) musthave one monitoring tube placed:∙at the top centre of the commodity in eachcontainer;∙at the front base of the commodity in eithercontainer.THREE containers or more (in the oneenclosure) must have one monitoring tubeplaced:∙at the top centre of the commodity in eachcontainer.See APPENDIX 7: Monitoring tube placementfor container fumigation.Monitoring tube inlets should be at least 2 metres from the outlet of fumigantsupply pipes.Before placing monitoring tubes inside an enclosure, ensure that:∙Each monitoring tube can be identified through the use of tags or individuallycoloured tubes.Fumigant monitoring tube specificationsCrush-proof nylon, hydraulic tubing or similar (The internal diameter must nosmaller than the internal diameter of the sampling probe of the concentrationmeasuring instrument) is effective for monitoring gas concentrations whencontainers and other enclosures are fumigated.Care should be taken to ensure that:∙The monitoring tubes do not absorb methyl bromide;∙ A free flow mixture of gas/air can be maintained;∙The monitoring tubes are joined to the sampling inlet of the measuringinstrument so that no fresh air is drawn in while the readings are being taken;∙No kinks or blockages are present in the tubes; and∙Monitoring tubes extend beyond the boundary of the risk area.MANDATORY INFORMATIVE 5.2 Fumigant supply pipes5.2.1 Fumigant supply pipes must bepositioned to allow the fumigantto be introduced into the free airspace around the commodity. Fumigant supply pipes must be placed as faras practicable from fumigant monitoringtubes.Monitoring tube inlets should be at least 2 metres from the outlet of fumigantsupply pipes.Sealing fumigant supply pipesTo prevent leakage from supply pipes:∙Make a gas-tight seal around every supply pipe exit point from the enclosure;∙Seal the exposed ends after the fumigant has been introduced into theenclosure.5.2.2 Multiple containers under theone enclosure must have afumigant supply pipe in eachcontainer. Where multiple fumigant supply pipe systemsare used, the entire system must be balancedin order to achieve even distributionthroughout the enclosure.In order to balance the system, each arm ofthe system must consist of fumigant supplypipes that are equal in total length anddiameter.Multiple fumigant supply pipes per enclosureThe use of multiple fumigant supply pipes will assist in distributing the fumigantwhen large enclosures or several containers in the one enclosure are treated.Where the system is balanced, it is possible to effectively deliver all of thefumigant through the entire system simultaneously.Where the system cannot be balanced, the correct amount of fumigant should bedispensed through each supply pipe in turn until the total amount of fumigant isapplied.See APPENDIX 8: Fumigant gas supply pipe systems.MANDATORY INFORMATIVE 5.3 Fans5.3.1 Fans must be positioned to ensurethat the fumigant is rapidly andeffectively distributed throughoutthe fumigation enclosure.5.3.2 For methyl bromide fumigationin small enclosures (such asfreight containers), at least onefan must be used. For fumigationin larger enclosures, at least twofans must be used.5.3.3 Where multiple containers arefumigated under the same sheets,fans must be placed in eachcontainer.The fans must be switched on 10-15 minutesbefore the gas is introduced and for 30 minutesafter the introduction of the methyl bromide, oruntil gas monitoring indicates that uniform gasdistribution has been achieved.Where high velocity and high volume fans are used, they should not run for longerthan necessary after the introduction of the fumigant, as they may force thefumigant out of the enclosure.Fans should have a capacity to make at least 20 air changes an hour, taking intoconsideration the volume of the enclosure5.4 Sand and water snake specifications5.4.1 When using sand snakes, aminimum of two rows of sandsnakes must be placed side byside with joins overlapping (likebrickwork), and laid flush againstthe enclosure to create acontinuous seal. Sand snakes must be filled to only 65% - 75%with sand so that they lie flat on the fumigationfloor.Additional sand snakes may be placed on corners and other areas where fumigantleakage may be higher due to folds in the sheet or the presence of pipes orelectrical leads.5.4.2 When using water snakes a single,continuous water snake must belaid flush against the enclosure tocreate a continuous seal. Water snakes must be filled to only 75% - 85%of capacity so that they lie flat on thefumigation floor.If water snakes are used, the sheets should be weighed down and sealed using asingle, continuous water snake placed flush against the enclosure. Particularattention should be given to ensure a complete seal where the ends of the watersnake meet. Water snake placement should not start or end on a corner.。

木质熏蒸证明简单说，就是外国在对进口货物中的木质材料所作出的要求，需要出口商提供这个证明，说明出口商有做熏蒸这个东作来杀死木质材料中可能含有的生物，如虫子等~中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局中华人民共和国海关总署中华人民共和国商务部中华人民共和国国家林业局 2005年11号公告为防止林木有害生物随进境货物木质包装传入我国，保护我国森林、生态环境及旅游资源，根据《中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法》及其实施条例，参照国际植物保护公约组织(IPPC)公布的国际植物检疫措施标准第15号《国际贸易中木质包装材料管理准则》，现将进境货物使用的木质包装检疫要求公告如下:一、本公告所称木质包装是指用于承载、包装、铺垫、支撑、加固货物的木质材料，如木板箱、木条箱、木托盘、木框、木桶、木轴、木楔、垫木、枕木、衬木等。

以下除外：经人工合成或经加热、加压等深度加工的包装用木质材料，如胶合板、刨花板、纤维板等。

薄板旋切芯、锯屑、木丝、刨花等木质材料以及厚度等于或小于6mm的木质材料。

二、进境货物使用的木质包装应当由输出国家或地区政府植物检疫机构认可的企业按中国确认的检疫除害处理方法处理，并加施政府植物检疫机构批准的IPPC 专用标识。

检疫除害处理方法由国家质检总局另行公布。

三、进境货物使用木质包装的，货主或其代理人应当向出入境检验检疫机构报检，并配合出入境检验检疫机构实施检疫。

对未报检的，出入境检验检疫机构依照有关法律规定进行处罚。

四、出入境检验检疫机构对进境货物使用的木质包装检疫实施分类管理，加强与港务、船代、海关等部门的信息沟通，通过审核货物载货清单等信息对经常使用木质包装的货物实施重点检疫。

五、列入《出入境检验检疫机构实施检验检疫的进出境商品目录》(以下简称目录)的进境货物使用木质包装的，检验检疫机构签发《入境货物通关单》并对木质包装实施检疫。

未列入目录的进境货物使用木质包装的，出入境检验检疫机构可在海关放行后实施检疫。