最新高考英语二轮复习 动词时态和语态在短文语法填空中运用“六法”
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高中英语知识点归纳动词的时态与语态的运用动词的时态与语态是英语中重要的语法知识点,掌握好这些知识可以帮助我们准确地表达过去、现在和将来的动作,并能理解和使用被动语态。
本文将对高中英语中常见的时态和语态进行归纳和总结。
一、时态的运用1. 一般现在时一般现在时用于表达经常性、习惯性或普遍真理的动作。
句子结构为主语+动词原形。
例如:- I play football every Saturday.(我每个星期六都踢足球。
)- Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.(水在100摄氏度时煮沸。
)2. 现在进行时现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,常与now、at the moment等时间状语连用。
句子结构为主语+be动词+动词-ing。
例如:- She is studying in the library now.(她现在正在图书馆学习。
)- They are playing basketball at the moment.(他们此刻正在打篮球。
)3. 一般过去时一般过去时用于表示过去的动作或状态。
句子结构为主语+动词过去式。
例如:- Tom watched a movie last night.(汤姆昨晚看了一部电影。
)- We lived in that house five years ago.(我们五年前住在那座房子里。
)4. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
句子结构为主语+was/were+动词-ing。
例如:- They were having dinner at 7 o'clock yesterday evening.(昨晚7点他们正在吃晚饭。
)- She was reading a book when I called her last night.(昨晚我给她打电话时,她正在看书。
)5. 将来时将来时用于表示将来的动作或事件。
常与tomorrow、next week等时间状语连用。
高考二轮专题复习语法资料精品集之动词时态语态毫无疑问,动词的时态和语态是是高中英语的重要语法点,更是历年高考的考查热点。
同学们在复习这一语言点时应注意:1、考纲要求的动词的时态和语态的基本用法;2、易混时态用法比较;3、根据固定时间状语、固定句型确定时态的情况;4、主动形式表被动意义的情况;5、不用被动语态的情况。
通过分析近年的全国高考试题可以预测2012年高考对动词的时态和语态的考查依然会注重在具体语境中考查动词的时态和语态的运用。
英语动词时态变化从时间上可划分为“现在时”,“过去时”,“将来时”和“过去将来时”四大类,每类又包括“一般式”、“进行式”、“完成式”和“完成进行式”四式,共十六种时态形式。
其中常用的有十种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时等十种。
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
几种基本事态的基本用法⒈一般现在时:构成:主语+ 动词原形或第三人称单数形式用法:1)、经常性或习惯性的动作,常与usually, always, sometimes, every day, frequently 等一起使用。
He always help others in his spare time.2)、现在存在的状态或具有的特征China is a great socialist country.3)、客观规律、正确事实或科学真理、格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在(10上海)28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had4)、表示安排或计划要做的动作(句中常有表示未来时间的状语),主要用于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, open, close等瞬间动词。
最新高考英语二轮复习动词时态和语态在短文语法填空中运用“六法”2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态在短文语法填空中运用“六法”方法1通过“时态定义”解决时态问题准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
[典例1](2017·大庆实验中学模拟)Development often __69__ (give) us the excuse to destroy the environment.分析:本句表示经常做的事情,应用一般现在时,故填gives。
[典例2](2017·青岛市质检)When I also drove forward, a man __63__ (stand) outside the car and talking to each driver as they drove past.分析:表示过去的某个时候正在做某事,应用过去进行时,故填was standing。
方法2通过“标志性状语”解决时态问题在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far 等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。
[典例1](2017·潍坊市模拟)Last Friday a storm __61__ (sweep) through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes.分析:句中有表示时间的标志性状语Last Friday,判定应用一般过去时,故填swept。
[典例2](2017·长春市调研测试)If we are satisfied with only a few rules we __69__ (memorize) so far, we are not really learning thelanguage.分析:so far表示“迄今为止”,与其匹配的时态是现在完成时,故填have memorized。
高考英语动词的时态和语态语法知识点与技巧方法说到时态语态的题目,好多同学苦恼不已,看到一道题,不知道如何去分析,看不懂选项之间的区别,找不到做题的方法和思路。
时态语态具体都有哪些知识点呢?小编整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。
一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时主动do/doesdidwill/shall dowould/should doam/is/are doing被动am/is/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be doneam/is/are being done过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去完成时主动was/were doingwill/shall be doinghave/has donehave/has been doinghad done被动was/were being done----------have/has been done----------had been done一、一般现在时1、表示经常发生的习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态,常用的时间状语有:always,usually,seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week等。
2、表示眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,这种状态带有一定的持续性。
3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。
4、书报的标题,故事的叙述,小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍,图片的说明等。
5、时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作,只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。
6、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示将来的动作。
注意:一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。
7、用在某些表达中,表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
时态 用法 例句 一般现现在经常动作/现状/客观He gets up early every day.时态构成(主动) (被动) 常见搭配词 一般现在时do/does is +done every day, every year, often, usually 一般过去时did was+done last year, last Friday, in the past, two days ago, just now ,in1996 现在进行时is doing is being +done now, at present, this week, these days 过去进行时was doing was+being done at 8 yesterday, at this time yesterday,含when he came in 等的主句 将来进行时will be doing (will be being +done) at 8 tomorrow, at this time tomorrow, 含when he arrives in sp 等的主句 现在完成时 have done (would be being +done) by now, up to now, up till now, so far. for+时间段,次数等 in the last/past +时间段This is the +次数+that 从句;This is +最高级+that 从句含since +过去时间的主句。
5. already,yet( ),recently,just, this morning, this year ,ever ,never 等过去完成时 had done had been+done 1.by+过去的时间,时间段+before ,before+过去的时间点, had hardlydone …when;had no sooner done …than 等。
专题 08 动词的时态和语态动词的时态与语态是两个特别重要的语法范围,组成了英语语法的基本框架,几乎所有动词的观察都一定借助于时态和语态来达成。
高考试题在观察时态和语态的同时,还兼顾其余语法内容的测试,比方各样从句、重申句、倒装句等,其交错式和复合式的特点尤为明显。
其考点主要包含:1.着重在语境中观察常有时态的差别,如一般过去时与此刻达成时、一般此刻时( 过去时 ) 与此刻 ( 过去 ) 进行时的差别等。
要求正确判断动作和时间的关系,正确理解时间观点,如是此刻、过去还是未来,是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬时。
2.依据“情形立意”和“能力立意”的原则,观察在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的取代。
要求吃透语境,摸清命题人的企图,擅长捕获句子中所隐含的时间信息,战胜汉语式的惯性思想。
3.把语态与时态联合在一同,进行综合观察。
各样常用时态的被动语态的组成,还是高考命题的热门之一,并且题干中有效信息愈来愈隐蔽,试题难度表现加大的趋向。
要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系,分清是主动还是被动。
4.观察主动形式表示被动意义。
对语境理解能力的要求逐渐提升,且要重视有特别用法的动词的运用。
一、高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析1.一般此刻时与此刻进行时(1) 一般此刻时主要用于习惯性或常常性动作,常陪伴使用usually,often,seldom 等频度副词;此刻进行时主要用于表示当前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态,常跟now,at present等时间状语。
He usually writes a lot of letters,but he isn't writing at present.他常常写很多信,但他此刻没在写。
(2)表示客观事实或广泛真谛时,要用一般此刻时,不可以用此刻进行时。
The Earth goes around the Sun.地球绕着太阳转。
2.一般过去时与过去进行时(1)一般过去时表示一个达成的动作,而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。
高中英语知识点归纳动词的时态与语态的综合运用动词的时态与语态的综合运用在高中英语学习中是一个非常重要的知识点。
熟练掌握动词的时态与语态的正确使用,不仅能够帮助学生提高英语写作和口语表达的能力,而且还能够帮助学生正确理解和翻译英语文本。
本文将对动词的时态与语态的综合运用进行归纳总结,并附上一些例句,供学生参考和学习。
一、时态的综合运用1. 一般现在时:表示当前经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
例句:My mother often cooks dinner for us.(我的妈妈经常为我们做晚饭。
)2. 一般过去时:表示过去某一时间发生的动作或状态。
例句:I watched a movie last night.(昨晚我看了一部电影。
)3. 一般将来时:表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或状态。
例句:We will visit our grandparents next week.(我们下周要去看望我们的祖父母。
)4. 现在进行时:表示当前正在进行的动作。
例句:She is studying in her room.(她正在房间里学习。
)5. 过去进行时:表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
例句:They were playing basketball in the park yesterday.(昨天他们在公园里打篮球。
)6. 将来进行时:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
例句:I will be waiting for you at the airport tomorrow.(明天我会在机场等你。
)7. 现在完成时:表示过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
例句:She has lived in New York for ten years.(她在纽约住了十年了。
)8. 过去完成时:表示过去某一时间之前完成的动作。
例句:I had finished my homework before my parents got home.(在我父母回家之前,我已经完成了作业。
高三一轮语法复习——动词的时态和语态----By Echo 一、动词时态1、一般现在时1) 表示现在习惯性、反复性的动作或当前的状态。
时间状语:always / usually / often / sometimes / seldom / every day / once a month / now and then / occasionally等。
I have meals three times a day.He is always ready to help others.2) 客观真理。
The sun rises in the east.3) 在when / while / if / unless / as soon as等连词引导的状语从句中,一般现在表现在将来。
(if 主将从现)You’d better write down her phone number before you forget it.4) Here / there 开头的句子,表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.5) 文章标题、戏剧、电影等的剧本或图片的文字说明。
Hundreds of people die in the earthquake.When the curtain rises, Juliet in sitting at her desk.6) 一般现在表将来,表示按照规定、计划或安排要求发生的动作。
常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、作息安排表。
The plane for Canada departs at 9:15 a.m.The programme ends at 11:10 p.m.2、一般过去时1)表示过去某个时间完成或一度存在的状态。
时间状语:then / yesterday / the other day / in 1990 / 5 years ago / last year等。
2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态在短文语法填空中运用“六法”方法1通过“时态定义”解决时态问题准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
[典例1](2017·大庆实验中学模拟)Development often __69__ (give) us the excuse to destroy the environment.分析:本句表示经常做的事情,应用一般现在时,故填gives。
[典例2](2017·青岛市质检)When I also drove forward, a man __63__ (stand) outside the car and talking to each driver as they drove past.分析:表示过去的某个时候正在做某事,应用过去进行时,故填was standing。
方法2通过“标志性状语”解决时态问题在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far 等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。
[典例1](2017·潍坊市模拟)Last Friday a storm __61__ (sweep) through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes.分析:句中有表示时间的标志性状语Last Friday,判定应用一般过去时,故填swept。
[典例2](2017·长春市调研测试)If we are satisfied with only a few rules we __69__ (memorize) so far, we are not really learning thelanguage.分析:so far表示“迄今为止”,与其匹配的时态是现在完成时,故填have memorized。
方法3通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。
我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。
[典例1](2017·福州市质检)Due to the hard training they __66__ (do) before, their performances were very impressive.分析:主句的时态为一般过去时,根据before可以判定空格处所填词表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时,故填had done。
[典例2](2017·西安市模拟)She __64__ (have) her high school entrance exam in a week so I told her a few encouraging words.分析:我给她说鼓励的话用的是一般过去时,那么她要参加考试应用过去将来时,故填would have或was to have。
方法4通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
[典例1](2017·衡阳八中模拟)It is quite easy to plan a surprise party when one’s birthday __62__ (come).分析:既然是要做计划,那么生日即将来临,此处应用现在进行时表示即将来临,故填is coming。
[典例2](2017·湖北省四地七校联考)One day, a beggar found a leather purse that someone __61__ (drop) in the marketplace.分析:发现钱包用一般过去时,丢钱包应在此之前,表示“过去的过去”,故填had dropped。
方法5通过“常用句式”解决时态问题掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式,因此要熟记一些常用句式。
[典例1](2017·汕头市模拟)The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about __46__ (begin).分析:此处考查be about to do sth.意为“马上就要做某事”,故填to begin。
[典例2](2017·青岛市模拟)One day I __66__ (read)a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda’s married name.分析:考查句式be doing ...when ...,再根据One day可判断应用过去进行时,故填was reading。
方法6通过“逻辑关系”解决语态问题有时做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注,但往往忽略了语态,因此我们可以采用“先语态、后时态”的方式。
[典例1](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might __42__ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.分析:情态动词后跟动词原形,但此处might后能填make吗?通过分析可知,elegant chopsticks与make之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,故填be made。
[典例2](2017·延安市模拟)I finally went to ask the lady at student services and __63__ (tell) that her name was Kathy.分析:and连接两个并列谓语,第一个是went,与之并列该填told 吗?通过分析可知,I与tell之间为被动关系,故填was told。
注意点:特殊动词特殊对待有些动词(短语)的用法特殊,例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态;date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。
对此熟练掌握是准确解题的前提。
[典例1](2017·泰安市模拟)The festival __64__ (date) back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220).分析:date back to意为“追溯到”,没有被动语态,且常与一般现在时连用,故填dates。
[典例2](2017·铁岭市联考)It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write __64__ (belong) to all people.分析:主句为It is about taking action to show the world,that引导宾语从句,其中主语是the right to read and write,belong to为句子的谓语,它没有进行时和被动语态,故填belongs。
[题组练通]Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.(2017·威海市模拟)No wonder it became (become) the fast Asian city named as a City of Gastronomy (美食) by UNESCO in 2010.2.(2017·成都市模拟)I think that our choices are_influenced (influence) by our parents.3.(2017·淮南二中模拟)Up to now, the group has_produced (produce) 21 plays and built a considerable fan base.4.(2017·枣庄市模拟)Languages cannot be taught; they can only be_learned (learn).5.(2017·银川九中模拟)It arose (arise) in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid19th century.6.(2017·揭阳市模拟)It is the third time so far that such a meeting has_been_held (hold) in my hometown.7.(2017·豫南九校模拟)She said she had_noticed (notice) a big change in me and wondered why.8.(2017·襄阳市模拟)It is_hoped (hope) that the festival will promote its cultural “soft power” abroad.9.(2017·福州市质检)So it is_believed (believe) that practising T’ai Chi can in some way help us stand, move and run better.10.(2017·福州市质检)For Marleni Calcina, who has_done (do) T’ai Chi for over 10 years, it’s not only a sport, but also a way of life.11.(2017·潍坊中学模拟)They should be_taught (teach) to be grateful to their parents, who have given them life but ask for nothing in return.12.He thanked me for helping him as he had_asked (ask)four others before and they told him no.13.(2017·福州市外国语学校模拟)This was the first time I had_been (be) in a sandstorm in Dubai and I don’t ever want to be in one again.14.On one occasion, he was_trapped (trap) by a snowstorm in a vast mountainous area.15.(2017·九江市联考)However, thanks to the international agreement, there has_been (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.16.Totally disconnected from the Internet, the robot is_expected (expect) to solve all problems with its own AI program.17.(2017·漳州市联考)A study last year showed (show) that about 8 million tons of plastic enters the oceans every year.18.(2017·湖北省八校联考)On my previous visits my travel was_limited (limit) to the three major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing.Ⅲ.单句改错1.(2017·邯郸市模拟)Last Monday, we hold a monitor electionduring our class meeting.hold→held2.I had learned English for 6 years but my spoken English remains poor.had→have3.(2017·淮北市模拟)There was a time when I caught in the sadness of not passing an important exam.caught前加was4.My friendship with Yang Qing began when we meet in our school photo club.meet→met5.(2017·南昌二中模拟)I believe my school become better and better, and I hope you will visit my school again.become前加will6.(2017·临沂市模拟)Three years ago I fail in an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school.fail→failed 7.(2017·漳州市八校联考)I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my further education.offered前加been8.(2017·西安市模拟)The food was tasted good and we had fun together.去掉was9.(2017·襄阳五中模拟)We encouraged to think for ourselves, which is quite different from what I have experienced before.encouraged 前加are10.(2017·太原五中模拟)So far, I had been working as the chief editor for half a year, which helps me a lot with my leadership skills.had→have。