2.翻译硕士英语考研模拟试题二(推荐文档)

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟训练卷（2）下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Exposure to UV radiation is the main cause of the most common forms of skin cancer. And one of the most effective ways to 1it, of course, is sunscreen. “Any conversation on sunscreen must start with acknowledging that there is 2 evidence that it prevents skin cancer,”says Richard Weller, honorary consultant dermatologist at the University of Edinburgh. This is why, although skin cancer is rising in some countries, it’s decreasing in others—particularly those that have raised the most 3around the importance of using sunscreen. But some researchers have raised concerns that, despite being an 4 important tool in our fight against skin cancer, the 5 of sunscreen may need to be improved to contain safer ingredients—and, at worst, some sunscreens could be damaging our health. Earlier this year the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—one of the two main global regulators of sunscreen ingredients around the world 6the European Commission—714 of the 16 chemicals found in sunscreens from its “generally accepted as safe and effective” category. Two types of UV filters can be used for sunscreen. The most commonly used are known as organic filters, which absorb UV radiation and 8 it into safer radiation. Inorganic UV filters like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide—which are broadly considered safe—9 UV radiation away from the skin. It’s long been 10 that some organic filters are absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream. This alone doesn’t mean sunscreen is unsafe, but there is growing focus on the potential 11effects of the most common UV filter worldwide:oxybenzone. In one study from 2015, researchers studied 500 couples who were trying to 12 and found that female partners with higher concentrations of oxybenzone had a 30% lower chance of getting pregnant. There are also 13that sunscreen prevents the human body from making vitamin D, which we mostly get from sun exposure. After all, vitamin D deficiency might be more 14than we think—could sunscreen use be to blame? It shouldn’t be a major cause, says Rachel Neale, associate professor at QIMR Berghofer. “The 15 of sunburn is different to vitamin D production, and there is a 16of evidence suggesting that using sunscreen doesn’t seem to influence vitamin D levels much,” says Neale. Concerns around sunscreen blocking vitamin D production also may be 17 because so few people use sunscreen correctly. It’s 18 we put two mg/cm2 on our skin, around six teaspoons. Most people 19 around a quarter of that, he says. For those concerned about potential effects of UV filters being absorbed into your skin, a sunscreen containing inorganic filters may be the better 20.1. 【完形填空】第1题选A. respondB. avoidC. flipD. recall正确答案：B2. 【完形填空】第2题选A. robustB. intenseC. nastyD. maximum正确答案：A3. 【完形填空】第3题选A. limitationB. awarenessC. stimulation第 2 页共 22 页D. promotion正确答案：B4. 【完形填空】第4题选A. uncertainlyB. unacceptablyC. undeniablyD. unaccountably正确答案：C5. 【完形填空】第5题选A. procedureB. versionC. analysisD. formulation正确答案：D6. 【完形填空】第6题选A. alongsideB. despiteC. therebyD. thus正确答案：A7. 【完形填空】第7题选A. slippedB. removedC. degradedD. altered正确答案：B8. 【完形填空】第8题选A. convertB. constructC. confirmD. contrast正确答案：A9. 【完形填空】第9题选A. reflectB. revolveC. reformD. resist正确答案：A10. 【完形填空】第10题选A. affectedB. applaudedC. establishedD. expressed正确答案：C11. 【完形填空】第11题选A. promisingB. optimisticC. adverseD. devastating正确答案：C12. 【完形填空】第12题选A. conceiveB. perceiveC. receiveD. deceive正确答案：A13. 【完形填空】第13题选A. conditions第 4 页共 22 页B. concernsC. conclusionsD. confessions正确答案：B14. 【完形填空】第14题选A. rareB. prosperousC. infectiousD. prevalent正确答案：D15. 【完形填空】第15题选A. mechanismB. mechanicsC. machineryD. mechanization正确答案：A16. 【完形填空】第16题选A. transitionB. bodyC. combinationD. scale正确答案：B17. 【完形填空】第17题选A. overstatedB. overreactedC. overachievedD. overlooked正确答案：A18. 【完形填空】第18题选A. informedB. statedC. advisedD. interfered正确答案：C19. 【完形填空】第19题选A. addB. accumulateC. assumeD. apply正确答案：D20. 【完形填空】第20题选A. explorationB. demonstrationC. optionD. evolution正确答案：C下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

考研英语二（翻译）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.3 billion, which will create a huge market for this new industry.正确答案：在上班时间去厕所一度是偷懒的一种办法，然而一切即将改变。

有数据显示，英国人每天平均查阅移动设备34次。

一旦空下来，人们就会无节制地使用手机。

热衷于充分利用员工这一习惯的精明老板如今给职员们提供特定任务的应用软件，以便他们能随时随地工作。

此举就以提供所谓的生产力“微瞬间”(micro-moments)的方式，催生了一种全新的工作方式。

这是更大趋势的一部分，而这个趋势是随着企业应用软件的兴起而发展起来的。

这些应用软件，即智能手机中与工作相关的应用程序，已经改变了我们私生活的方式。

据报道，明年移动工作者的数量将超过13亿，这将为这一新兴产业创造巨大市场。

解析：1．第一段由两个分句组成。

分句间由分号相隔，但根据上下文可知，它们之间明显包含转折之意，故建议增译“然而”、“但是”这类表转折的连接词。

另外，为了使表达更地道，翻译时某些词语需好好斟酌。

比如，visit the toilet不能简单直译为“拜访厕所”，译成“上(去)厕所”即可；avoid doing work 译为“避开工作”显得生硬，建议可译成“偷懒”。

2．第二段第二句是个结构复杂的长句，翻译的关键是理清句子的结构关系。

该句主句的主干为Clever employers are now providing employees with task-specific apps。

主语employer有两个修饰成分：Clever和keen to make．．．anything to do，第二个修饰语很长，若将它全部套在“老板”前面作定语，会导致译文头重脚轻和表意不清。

此处建议拆分第二个修饰语，将obsessively tapping．．．anything to do独立成句，译作“一旦空下来，人们就会无节制地使用手机”，剩余部分则译作另一句，并用“这一习惯”指代上句所述行为，即译为“热衷于充分利用员工这一习惯的精明老板如今给职员们提供……”。

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟测试卷（2）下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Holiday eating gets a bad rap. Around New Years, we’re hit with calls to clean up our wayward diets by eliminating 1and counting calories. But psychologists and epidemiologists alike 2 that all this fuss could do more harm than good.The social aspect of the holidays can make it difficult to 3 your usual diet—it’s hard to 4 another cookie or glass of wine when everyone around you is partaking—so it’s understandable if you feel like you must have caused your body harm. But research suggests that festive meals come with their own set of health 5. A 2017 study published in Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology found that people who ate more meals in social 6 were more likely to feel better about themselves and have a wider social network—characteristics that, as the study authors point out, are 7with happiness, wellbeing, and lower risk of illness. Evening meals involving alcohol were the most likely to 8 feelings of warmth and bonding.Sometimes, participating in these social situations involves 9caloric, fatty, or sugary foods and drinks. Bioethicists at Johns Hopkins argue that those foods, too, have health value. “Sharing food is a way to express love, forge relationships, and 10 bonds,”they wrote in an article published in the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. “What we eat expresses our personal and 11 identities.”Our cultural obsession over whether foods are healthy or not is 12universal. Psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania recently asked 947 Indian, French, and American participants to sort a list of foods in whatever 13they deemed mostappropriate. Their results showed that 14French and Indian respondents generally chose to sort foods into 15 groupings like “food vs. drink,” most Americans chose to 16 foods by whether they deemed them healthy or unhealthy.Researchers found that the French were the most likely to associate food with pleasure, and the least likely to associate food with health. Americans were on the 17 end of the spectrum. That’s significant because French people, on average, have lower rates of heart disease and live around four years longer. That’s not to say that French diets are the key to health and 18, but a(n) 19 on the pleasure of food rather than its health-value certainly doesn’t seem to 20.1. 【完形填空】第1题答案是A. weedsB. treatsC. drugsD. staples正确答案：B2. 【完形填空】第2题的答案是A. denyB. demandC. cautionD. promise正确答案：C3. 【完形填空】第3题的答案是A. diversifyB. improveC. balanceD. maintain正确答案：D4. 【完形填空】第4题的答案是A. turn down第 2 页共 21 页B. eat upC. indulge inD. settle for正确答案：A5. 【完形填空】第5题的答案是A. restrictionsB. benefitsC. regulationsD. risks正确答案：B6. 【完形填空】第6题的答案是A. classesB. termsC. settingsD. relations正确答案：C7. 【完形填空】第7题的答案是A. comparedB. presentedC. associatedD. equipped正确答案：C8. 【完形填空】第8题的答案是A. suppressB. exhaustC. exploitD. trigger正确答案：D9. 【完形填空】第9题的答案是A. preparingB. consumingC. limitingD. avoiding正确答案：B10. 【完形填空】第10题的答案是A. reinforceB. diminishC. aggravateD. disconnect正确答案：A11. 【完形填空】第11题的答案是A. nationalB. culturalC. privateD. group正确答案：D12. 【完形填空】第12题的答案是A. in partB. far fromC. in essenceD. as usual正确答案：B13. 【完形填空】第13题的答案是A. combinationB. situationC. directionD. manner正确答案：D第 4 页共 21 页14. 【完形填空】第14题的答案是A. sinceB. untilC. whileD. unless正确答案：C15. 【完形填空】第15题的答案是A. neutralB. binaryC. openD. sequential正确答案：A16. 【完形填空】第16题的答案是A. purchaseB. processC. categorizeD. evaluate正确答案：C17. 【完形填空】第17题的答案是A. oppositeB. identicalC. severeD. moderate正确答案：A18. 【完形填空】第18题的答案是A. prosperityB. freedomC. wealthD. longevity正确答案：D19. 【完形填空】第19题的答案是A. banB. focusC. attemptD. attack正确答案：B20. 【完形填空】第20题的答案是A. hurtB. careC. matterD. hold正确答案：A下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

翻译硕士英语-2(总分150, 做题时间90分钟)ⅠTranslate the following terms or abbreviations into Chinese.1.wolf downSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1狼吞虎咽2.UVSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1紫外线(ultraviolet)3.maiden workSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1处女作4.DOSSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1磁盘操作系统(Disk Operating System)5.castle in the airSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1空中楼阁6.narrow escapeSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1九死一生7.walk of fameSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1名人堂8.HTTPSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1超文本传输协议(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) 9.to wake a sleeping dogSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1惹是生非10.box officeSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1票房11.beat around the bushSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1拐弯抹角12.the only childSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1独生子女13.La Nina phenomenonSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1拉尼娜现象14.dehydrationSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1脱水15.generation gapSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1代沟ⅡTranslate the following terms into English.1.扶贫SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1poverty alleviation2.弱势群体SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1disadvantaged groups3.三思而后行SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1Look before you leap.4.身外之物SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1worldly possessions5.家庭暴力SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1 domestic violence6.桂冠诗人SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1 poet laureate7.选美SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1 beauty pageant8.《围城》SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1 Fortress Besieged9.十四行诗SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1 sonnet10.首映式SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1 premiere11.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

翻译硕士英语Part one: multiple choice1-5 CCBBD 6-10 ACBAD 11-15 CBABC 16-20 BBDCCPart two: reading and comprehension21-25 CDADB25-30 CDDBA31-37 DCDAABB38 home life39 p roductive40 her own productivityPart three: write an essayTravel Helps Promote Communication Between CountriesWith the steady growth in the world's economy as well as the people's living standard, nowadays more and more people are able to afford to go to travel abroad. Thus people of different races and colors have more chances to meet each other and understand each other. Such activities among people help promote the understanding and communication between countries, which helps to make this world a better and more harmonious place.Different countries are striving to develop their national tourism because tourism really has a lot of advantages. Firstly, beautiful scenery, attractive tourist spots and splendid culture allure tourists with different parts of the world, which provides many opportunities to promote exchanges among people from different backgrounds. For example, since the reform and opening-up, China, a country which has rich tourist resources, receives millions of foreign tourists every year. The frequent contacts between foreign tourists and Chinese people promote the exchanges of culture and science, creating international friendship and promoting deeper understanding and strengthening ties. Meanwhile this has accelerated the development of these countries. Secondly, travel enriches one's knowledge, widens one's vision and enhances mutual understanding. In the past, Chinese people knew little of the outside world. Since the reform and opening-up, with people's living standard greatly improved, more and more people have the chances to go abroad for sightseeing. Through traveling, we Chinese have expanded our scope of knowledge, and we have come to know the world better and have been learning how to develop our own country better. Thirdly, tourism boosts local economy and promotes commercial exchanges. Singapore is such a good example. It is a small country with scarce natural resources. But owing to the prosperous tourism, the country's economy develops very well and it is named one of the four economic "tigers" in northeastern Asia.But some people say that tourism cannot work so well as people expect. They argue that the purpose of the tourists is just to enjoy sightseeing and in fact tourismhas its disadvantages. Firstly, tourism does great harm to the tranquility and sanitation of the local place, and sometimes it even causes pollution to the natural environment. Secondly, many tourists cannot even speak a word of the language of the country they are visiting. There is little possibility that they will have a deep understanding of the country in such a short period of time. Thirdly, during the trip, poor service and language barrier may even give rise to unwanted misunderstanding. Also the tourists' wealth may make the local people more aware of their own poverty and lead to jealousy and psychological imbalance.As the proverb goes, "No garden is without weeds." In my opinion, compared with the advantages, disadvantages of tourism have become trivial things. It is important for a country to develop its tourism to upgrade its international position and at the same time promote global understanding to remove prejudice and bias. We should make good use of our rich tourist resources to make our motherland more beautiful and attract more foreign friends.。

考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版•相关推荐考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析（word版）在社会的各个领域，我们总免不了要接触或使用试题，借助试题可以对一个人进行全方位的考核。

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考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版篇1Text 4When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace， scientists immediately get to work， trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes，success is achieved，as medical science is able to isolate the parasite， germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases， in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk，it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination，so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that，if it is encountered， one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this，a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment，so that his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the diseases defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patients immune system in a process that occurs naturally， in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that， should the patientlater come into contact with the real problem， his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it， having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process，however. On occasion， even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle， resulting in the immune system succumbing，and，therefore，the patients death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine，designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10，000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus， if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today，3000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately， the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s，ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease，however，mandatory vaccinations may resume，resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process， which is truly a mixed blessing， may indeed hide some hidden curses.36.The best title for the text may be?[A] “Vaccinations：A Blessing or A Curse”[B] “Principles of Vaccinations”[C] “Vaccines：Methods and Implications”[D] “A Miracle Cure Under Attack”37.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?[A] The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.[B] The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.[C] The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.[D] The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.38.The phrase “ward it off naturally” (Paragraph 2) most probably means?[A] dispose of it naturally [B] fight it off with ease[C] see to it reluctantly [D] split it up properly39.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority.[B] The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease.[C] Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace.[D] The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved.40.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is?[A] to comment and criticize [B] to demonstrate and argue[C] to interest and entertain[D] to explain and informPart BSample oneDirections：In the following text， some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45， choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)We are seeing a series of paradoxes at the turn of the millennium. On the one hand， globalization means that nationalfrontiers are becoming increasingly meaningless，but on the other，we are being swept by a wave of parochialism，with countries clinging to the notion of sovereignty.41)?But there are so many factors in the world that make this position increasingly meaningless. Governments no longer have complete control over their economic and monetary policies， and many multinationals now have greater profits than individual countrys GDP.The end of the cold war has brought its own dangers and we need to find a new balance of power in the world. It has also spawned many conflicts. Governments must be prepared to surrender some authority to global and regional institutions or we risk world disorder. It is tragic that，just when we need a strong international organization， the United Nations is starved of funds and often sidelined by its own member states. What happened in East Timor was unforgivable because it was foreseeable. Angola has been another sad instance of international vacillation. 42)?I do think world war is less likely for the present， although I worry about the proliferation of nuclear weapons at one end and lethal small arms at the other. 43)?Another worry stems from the huge economic imbalances in a world where the richest 20 per cent have 86 per cent of global GDP， and the 20 poorest countries only one per cent.Humanitarian aid is no more than a palliative. 44)?The international implications of，for example，the collapse of Africa are unthinkable. There must be a new concept of security based not just on military and defense matters but on economic and social concerns too. 45)?The global pendulum has swung too far towards a total dependence on market forces，but finding some point ofbalance in the middle is extremely difficult. I am by nature optimistic， but in my gloomier moments I sometimes think the only solution will be an invasion from outer space-then at last everyone would unite!考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版篇2Text4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this springthe most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was bom after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If"entitled"is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those bom between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren,'t interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring_____.[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware_____.[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] I how valuable a counselors advice is38. The word"assuage"(line 9, para 2)is closet in meaning to_____.[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs_____.[A] care little about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance[D] have a clear idea about their future job40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are_____.[A]less realistic B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generous36. 【C】are drawing growing public attention细节题。

翻译硕士英语Part one: multiple choice1. The two most important in making a cake are flour and sugar.A. elementsB. componentsC. ingredientsD. constituents2. Cultural indicated that human beings hand their language down from one generation to another.A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction3. We must look beyond and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.A. justificationsB. illusionsC. manifestationsD. specifications4. No one imagined that the apparently businessman was really a criminal.A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulD. respected5. If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of species that are alive today will have become .A. deterioratedB. degeneratedC. suppressedD. extinct6. The of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.A. essenceB. textureC. contentD. threshold7. The old lady has developed a cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.A. perpetualB. permanentC. chronicD. sustained8. What the correspondence sent us is an news report. We can depend on it.A. evidentB. authenticC. ultimateD. immediate9. Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.A. inspirationalB. educationalC. excessiveD. instantaneous10. Some researches feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.A. subjectiveB. subordinateC. liableD. vulnerable11. The harder the shrub is to grow , .A. the more higher price isB. the higher price it isC. the higher the price isD. the higher is the price12. It is that I would like to go to the beach.A. so nice weatherB. such nice weatherC. so nice a weatherD. such a nice weather13. Her little car isn’t to seat more than two people comfortably.A. big enoughB. enough bigC. so big enoughD. big as enough14. The dress is prettier, but it costs that one.A. twice more thanB. twice as much asC. as much twice asD. twice so much as15. She can speak in front of Mack, but she can’t eat in his restaurant.A. free, freeB. free, freelyC. freely, freeD. freely, freely16. The reason why many people sit before the television is that there will be a show.A. livingB. liveC. aliveD. lived17. When the three boys met one another, they found they looked very much .Then they knew they were triplet.A. likeB. alikeC. likelyD. liked18. You should spend in the study of the various senses and uses of the common words.A. much time as you canB. as time much as you canC. time as many as you canD. as much time as you can19. –When is Tom going to leave?--He is going to leave this week.A. sometimesB. some timeC. sometimeD. somewhat20. He works .A. loneB. lonelyC. aloneD. lonesomePart two: reading and comprehensionPassage OneThere are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduates earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance since the 1980s. In 2005, the typical full-time year-round U.S. worker witha four-year college degree earned＄50,900, 62% more than the＄31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma. There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board ＄49,260 in 2007-2008) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as anout-of-state student(＄35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state students(＄17,380) there? Not likely. No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences(such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to anout-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents)often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it?21. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college?A) Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializingB) It doesn’t pay to run into debt to receive a college educationC) College education is rewarding in spite of the starting costsD) Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected retu rns22. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century, _______A) enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universitiesB) the labor market preferred high-school graduates to college graduatesC) competition for university admissions was far more fierce than todayD) the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed23. Student who attend an in-state college or university can_______A) save more on tuitionB) receive a better educationC) take more liberal-arts coursesD) avoid traveling long distances24. In this consumerist age, most parents_______A) regard college education as a wise investmentB) place a premium on the prestige of the collegeC) think it crucial to send their children to collegeD) consider college education a consumer product25. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?A) Their employment prospects after graduationB) A satisfying experience within their budgetsD) Its facilities and learning environmentD) Its ranking among similar institutionsPassage TwoCrippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries withappropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The US takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors---two primary care physicians and five specialists---in given one year. Contrary to a popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you doesn't guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he's reimbursed. Moreover, the amount a physician receive leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient's disease. Combined this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to each-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students aren't blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care.How do we fix this problem?It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.26.The author's chief concern about the current US health care system is_________.A. the inadequate training of physiciansB. The declining number of doctorsC. the shrinking primary care resourcesD. the ever-rising health care costs27.We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that________.A. The more costly the medicine, the more effective the cureB. seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsC. visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good healthD. the more doctor taking care of a patient, the better28.Face with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to__________.A. increase their income by working overtimeB. improve their expertise and serviceC. Make various deals with specialistsD. see more patients at the expense of quality29.Why do many medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?A. They find the need for primary care declining.B. The current system works against primary care.C. Primary care physicians command less respect.D. They think working in emergency rooms tedious.30.What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?A . Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians.B. Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C. Recruit more medical students by offering loans.D. Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.Passage ThreeRising costs of office space, time lost to stressful commuting, and a slow recognition that workers have lives beyond the office - all are strong arguments for letting staff work from home. For the small business, there are additional benefits too - staff are more productive, and happier, enabling firms to keep their headcounts and their recruitment costs to a minimum. It can also provide competitive advantage, especially when small businesses want to attract new staff but don't have the budget to offer huge salaries. While company managers have known about the benefits for a long time, many have done little about it, skeptical of whether they could trust their employees to workto full capacity without supervision, or concerned about the additional expensestele-working policies might incur as staff start charging their home phone bills to the business. Yet this is now changing. When communications provider Inter-Tel researched the use of remote working solutions among small and medium sized UK businesses in April this year, it found that 28% more companies claimed to be practicing flexible working practices than a year ago.The UK network of Business Links confirms that it too has seen a growing interestin remote working solutions from small businesses seeking its advice, and claims that as many as 60-70% of the businesses that come through its doors now offer some form of remote working support to their workforces. Technology advances, including the widespread availability of broadband, are making the introduction of remote working a no-brainer. "If systems are set up properly, staff can have access to all the resources they have in the office wherever they have an internet connection," says Andy Poulton,e-business advisor at Business Link for Berkshire and Wiltshire. "There are some very exciting developments which have enabled this." One is the ubiquity of broadband, which now covers almost all of the country (BT claims that, by July, 99.8% of its exchanges will be broadband enabled, with alternative plans in place for even the most remote exchanges). "This is the enabler," Poulton says. Yet while broadband has come down in price too, those service providers targeting the business market warn against consumer services masquerading as business-friendly broadband. "Broadband is available for as little as £15 a month, but many businesses fail to appreciate the hidden costs of such a service," says Neil Stephenson, sales and marketing director at Onyx Internet, an internet service provider based in the north-east of England. "Providers offering broadband for rock-bottom prices are notorious for poor service, with regular outages and heavily congested networks. It is always advisable for businesses to look beyond the price tag and look for a business-only provider that can offer more reliability,with good support." Such services needn't break the bank – quality services can be found for upwards of £30 a month. The benefits of broadband to the occasional home worker are that they can access email in real time, and take full advantage of services such as internet-based backup or even internet-based phone services.Internet-based telecoms, or VoIP (Voice over IP) to give it its technical title, is an interesting tool to any business supporting remote working. Not necessarily because of the promise of free or reduced price phone calls (which experts point out is misleading for the average business), but because of the sophisticated voice services that can be exploited by the remote worker - facilities such as voicemail and call forwarding, which provide a continuity of the company ←image for customers and business partners.By law, companies must "consider seriously" requests to work flexibly made by a parent with a child under the age of six, or a disabled child under 18. It was the need to accommodate employees with young children that motivated accountancy firm Wright Vigar to begin promoting tele-working recently. The company, which needed to upgrade its IT infrastructure to provide connectivity with a new, second office, decided to introduce support for remote working at the same time.Marketing director Jack O'Hern explains that the company has a relatively young workforce, many of whom are parents: "One of the triggers was when one of our tax managers returned from maternity leave. She was intending to work part time, but could only manage one day a week in the office due to childcare. By offering her the ability to work from home, we have doubled her capacity - now she works a day a week from home, and a day in the office. This is great for her, and for us as we retain someone highly qualified.” For Wright Vigar, which has now equipped all of its fee-earners to be able to work at maximum productivity when away from the offices (whether that's from home, or while on the road), this strategy is not just about saving on commute time or cutting them loose from the office, but enabling them to work more flexible hours that fit around their home life.O'Hern says: "Although most of our work is client-based and must fit around this,we can't see any reason why a parent can't be on hand to deal with something important at home, if they have the ability to complete a project later in the day." That staff can do this without needing a fixed telephone line provides even more efficiency savings. "With Wi-Fi [fast, wireless internet connections] popping up all over the place, even on trains, our fee-earners can be productive as they travel, and between meetings, instead of having to kill time at the shops," he adds. The company will also be able to avoid the expense of having to relocate staff to temporary offices for several weeks when it begins disruptive office renovations soon. It has enabled the company to dispense with its business premises altogether, following the realization that it just didn't need them any more. "The main motivation behind adopting home working was to increase my own productivity, as a single mum to an 11-year-old," says Hargreaves. "But I soon realized that, as most of our business is done on the phone, email and at off-site meetings, we didn't need our offices at all. We're now saving £16,000 a year on rent, plus the cost of utilities, not to mention what would have been spent on commuting."31.What is the main topic of this passage?A. How business managers view hi-techB. Relations between employers and employees.C. How to cut down the costs of small businesses.D. Benefits of the practice of tele-working.32. From the research conducted by the communication provider Inter-Tel, we learn that______A. attitudes toward IT technology have changed.B. More employees work to full capacity at home.C. More businesses have adopted remote working solution.D. Employees show a growing interest in small businesses.33. What development has made flexible working practices possible according to Andy Poulton?A. Reduced cost of telecommunications.B. Improved reliability of internet service.C. Availability of the VolP service.D. Access to broadband everywhere.34. What is Neil Stephenson’s advice to firms contracting internet services?A. They look for reliable business-only providers.B. They contact providers located nearest to them.C. They carefully examine the contract.D. They contract the cheapest provider.35. Internet-based telecoms facilitates remote working by ______.A. offering sophisticated voice servicesB. providing calls completely free of chargeC. helping clients discuss business at homeD. giving access to emailing in real time36. The accountancy firm Wright Vigar promoted tele-working initially in order to ______.A. present a positive image to prospective customersB. support its employees with children to take care ofC. attract young people with IT expertise to work for itD. reduce operational expenses of a second office37. According to marketing director Jack O’hern, tele-working enabled the company to ______.A. minimize its office spaceB. keep highly qualified staffC. enhance its market imageD. reduce recruitment costs38. Wright Vigar’s practice of allowing for more flexible working hours not only benefits the company but helps improve emp loyees’ ________.39. With fast, wireless internet connections, employees can still be __________ when travelling.40. Single mother Lynne Hargreaves decided to work at home mainly to increase . Part three, write an essay.Tourism has already become a multibillion-dollar industry that supports economic development. You are going to write an article entitled: Travel Helps Promote Communication Between Countries.(at least 400 words)。

考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案（二）There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (1) (But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions—a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.) Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (2) (Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. )By his own account, he wasannoyingly verbal young man”from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (3)( At his parents’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “ geta nice steady job somewhere ” .) During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (4) (By the end of his senior year,he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. )very cynical very quickly, ” he says. First’ tI sellcouldnanything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had aten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (5)( I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as areader—Joyce, Kafka, Mann—so I detached myself from my work.) I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “ Whenare you going to do something serious?”meaning—something that wasn’t science fiction—and I kept telling them,“ When’mfinanciallyI secure.”答案1.可是这一点与其说是与学术环境拥有迷惑力的呼唤相关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况相关——一这是一个学术议论家极少考虑的要素。

翻译硕士模拟考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个选项是“翻译硕士”的英文表达？A. Master of TranslationB. Master of Translation StudiesC. Master in TranslationD. Master of Translational Studies答案：B2. “信、达、雅”是哪位翻译家提出的翻译标准？A. 严复B. 林语堂C. 王力D. 钱钟书答案：A3. 翻译理论中的“等效性”是由哪位学者提出的？A. Eugene NidaB. Peter NewmarkC. J.C. CatfordD. Nida答案：A4. 下列哪个是翻译过程中的常见问题？A. 语法错误B. 词汇选择不当C. 语义不明确D. 所有选项都是答案：D5. 翻译硕士课程通常包括哪些内容？A. 翻译技巧B. 语言对比C. 文化研究D. 所有选项都是答案：D...（此处省略中间题目，以保持篇幅适中）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述翻译过程中的“直译”和“意译”的区别。

答案：直译是指在翻译时尽量保持原文的字面意思和结构，而意译则更注重传达原文的内在含义和精神，可能在语言形式上做出较大调整。

2. 描述翻译硕士课程中常见的评估方式。

答案：常见的评估方式包括课程论文、翻译实践、口译练习、模拟翻译项目、期末考试等。

3. 阐述翻译中如何处理文化差异。

答案：处理文化差异需要译者具备跨文化交际能力，能够识别和理解源语言和目标语言文化中的特定元素，并通过适当的翻译策略，如文化适应、文化补偿等，使译文既能传达原文的文化内涵，又能为目标语言读者所接受。

三、翻译实践题（每题25分，共50分）1. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

”答案：With the continuous deepening of globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important.2. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文："The advancement of technology has revolutionized the way we live and work."答案：技术的进步彻底改变了我们生活和工作的方式。

英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析（2）(1/30)Vocabulary第1题Those people who are ______ are most welcome to the politicians.A.credulousB.credibleC.incredibleD.unbelievable下一题(2/30)Vocabulary第2题The old lady has developed a ______ cough which cannot be cured completely in as hort time.A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustained上一题下一题(3/30)Vocabulary第3题Much as ______, I couldn´t lend him the money because I simply didn´t have that much spare cash.A.I would have liked toB.I would like to haveC.should have to likeD.I should have liked to上一题下一题(4/30)Vocabulary第4题Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical ______.A.considerationsB.obligationsC.observationsD.regulations上一题下一题(5/30)Vocabulary第5题The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ______ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.A.rendersB.reckonsC.regardsD.relates上一题下一题(6/30)Vocabulary第6题I won´t see you off at the airport tomorrow, so I will wish you ______.A.have a good journey nowB.a good journey nowC.would have a good journey nowD.to have a good journey now上一题下一题(7/30)Vocabulary第7题Are we going to see an end to the Arab-Israeli ______?A.disasterB.controversyC.confrontationD.aggression上一题下一题(8/30)Vocabulary第8题The hidden room is ______ only through a secret back entrance.A.obtainableB.achievableC.attainableD.accessible上一题下一题(9/30)Vocabulary第9题Those who support violence on television claim that it helps the viewer to ______ steam and to get rid of his feelings in a harmless way.A.let offsh outC.leave offD.leak out上一题下一题(10/30)Vocabulary第10题We are on the ______ of a new era in European relations.A.thresholdB.adventmencementD.departure上一题下一题(11/30)Vocabulary第11题Nowadays, our government advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with.Once you ______ your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation.A.keep up withB.give away withC.go back onD.lose sight of上一题下一题(12/30)Vocabulary第12题Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so ______ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.A.vociferouslyB.patrioticallyC.verboselyD.loquaciously上一题下一题(13/30)Vocabulary第13题The ______ company has an excellent reputation-which is understandable, since it´s been in business for twenty years and has thousands of satisfied customers.A.upstartB.senileC.flourishingD.fledgling上一题下一题(14/30)Vocabulary第14题One model is a high-fashion show wore a hat so ______ that it had to be supported with four poles carried by four attendants.A.levyB.volumeC.valorousD.voluminous上一题下一题(15/30)Vocabulary第15题There has been a great deal of ______ surrounding the closure of the hospital.A.discrepancybatC.disparityD.controversy上一题下一题(16/30)Vocabulary第16题The stout fellow over there is ______ the great magician, Charlie Williams, himself.A.no other butB.no one thanC.no other thanD.none other than上一题下一题(17/30)Vocabulary第17题As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______ so formally.A.needn´t dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.needn´t have dressed up上一题下一题(18/30)Vocabulary第18题During the opera´s most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra´s conductor seemed ______, without necessary relation to what had gone before.A.tediousB.melodiousC.capriciousD.cautious上一题下一题(19/30)Vocabulary第19题Children and old people do not like having their daily ______ upset.A.habitB.practiceC.routineD.custom上一题下一题(20/30)Vocabulary第20题One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about ______.A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally上一题下一题(21/30)Vocabulary第21题Courageous people think quickly and act without ______.A.hesitationplaintC.considerationD.anxiety上一题下一题(22/30)Vocabulary第22题In the preface ______ my book, I express my sincere gratitude to all the teachers and friends who have been of help to me during my three years´ life in the university.A.onB.forC.toD.in上一题下一题(23/30)Vocabulary第23题But if robots are to reach the next stage of labor-saving utility, they will have to operate with less human ______ and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge.A.interactionB.supervisionC.availabilityD.disposition上一题下一题(24/30)Vocabulary第24题At eight o´clock she laid ______ whatever she was doing to tell the children a story before they went to bed.A.awayB.offC.asideD.out of上一题下一题(25/30)Vocabulary第25题Financial institutions will spend huge sums, rolling our nationwide networks in Britain, France, Spain and perhaps in Germany. But the seeds for the most ______ growth will be sown in America, where most banks have been slow to experiment with digital dollars until now.A.spectacularB.splendidC.specifiedD.specialized上一题下一题(26/30)Vocabulary第26题Of all things banish the ______ out of your conversation, and never think of entertaining peoplewith your own personal concerns of private affairs.A.egotismB.selfishnessC.conscienceD.consciousness上一题下一题(27/30)Vocabulary第27题The actor with whom I played the scene ______ for me beautifully, whispering the opening words of each of my lines, as did others in subsequent scenes.A.covered upB.broke upC.made upD.stirred up上一题下一题(28/30)Vocabulary第28题I´m afraid the result of the coming election is a ______ conclusion.A.foregoneB.foreseenC.predictableD.prospective上一题下一题(29/30)Vocabulary第29题As he took his foot off the clutch the ear ______ forward and the passenger was almost thrown through the windscreen.A.lurchedB.swirledC.staggeredD.wobbled上一题下一题(30/30)Vocabulary第30题He thumbed through the rose ______ to see if there was anything he fancied for his south-facing wall.A.brochureB.catalogueC.pamphletD.booklet上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Reading ComprehensionMen cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. This makes surgery riskier for men. Men also need more oxygen because they do not breathe as often as women. But men breathemore deeply and this exposes them to another risk. When the air is polluted, they draw more of it into their lungs.A more recent and chilling finding is the effect of automobile and truck exhaust fumes on children´s intelligence. These exhaust fumes are the greatest source of lead pollution in cities. Researchers have found thatthe children with the highest concentration of lead in their bodies have the lower scores on intelligence tests and that boys´ score lower than girls. It is possible that these low scores are connected to the deeper breathing that is typical of the male.Men´s bones are larger than women´s and they are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistles is a matter of bone structure. Men have broader shoulders and a narrower pelvis, which enables them to stride out with no waste motion. A woman´s wider pelvis, designed for childbearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of a jiggle and sway as she walks.If you think a man is brave because he climbs a ladder to clean out the roof gutters, don´t forget that it is easier for him than for a woman. The angle at which a woman´s thigh is joined to her knees makes climbing awkward for her, no matter whether it is a ladder or stairs or a mountain that she is tackling.A man´s skin is thicker than a woman´s and not nearly as soft. The thickness prevents the sun´s radiation from getting through, which is why men wrinkle less than women do.Women also stay cooler in summer. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat. Men´s fat is distributed differently. And they do not have that layer of it underneath their skin. In fact, they have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. Forty-one percent of a man´s body is muscle compared to thirty-five percent for women, which means men have more muscle power. When it comes to strength, almost 90 percent of a man´s weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of woman´s weight.The higher proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight. Muscle burns up five more calories a pound that fat does just to maintain itself. So when a man goes on a diet. the pounds roll off much faster.For all men´s muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start-up energy, but the fat tucked away in women´s nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack.Cardiologists at the University of Alabama who tested healthy women in treadmills discovered that over years the female capacity for exercise far exceeds the male capacity. A woman of sixty who is in good health can exercise up to 90 percent of what she could do when she was twenty. A man of sixty has 60 percent left of his capacity as a twenty-year-old.第31题The main topic of this passage is about ______.A.the biological differences between men and womenB.the differences in social roles between men and womenC.the differences in living habits between men add womenD.the challenges men and women face from the point of view of biology第32题Men need more oxygen, ______.A.and that makes them have more muscle powerB.because they do not manufacture blood as efficiently as womenC.and there is a risk to draw more polluted air into their lungsD.so their skin is thicker第33题Men are superior to women in the situation of ______.A.resisting coldB.standing hungerC.remaining energetic in old ageD.climbing high第34题From the passage, we can infer that ______.A.boys are less intelligent than girls because they breathe in more leadB.it takes women a shorter time to get hungryC.men have more muscles than fatD.men sweat more than women in summer第35题It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A.women can stay active longer than menB.men like to take risks for biological causesC.women are more careful than menD.men have more strength than women上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Reading ComprehensionIt is not compatible with the egalitarian ideal that there should be sharp differences in the scale of monetary reward for services performed. In New Zealand, care of the underdog has long since been a more important consideration than is the case in very many other countries. Successive governments may claim with some justice to have abolished poverty, but this has not been done without there taking place a narrowing of margins between the rewards for skilled and unskilled labor, with its consequent denialof incentive toacquire skill, to strive for self-improvement. The country´s citizens have come to regard social security as their inalienable right, but by taking too readily for granted the State´s obligation towards themselves they are apt to lose sight of the converse proposition that they themselves have obligations to the State.The reluctance to reward skilled labor at rates calculated to provide an incentive for acquiring skill has its counterpart in the reluctance to remunerate the nations´ best scholars and scientists on a scale sufficient to keep a fair proportion of them at home.The fact is often deplored that so many young men of the highest ability prefer to take up a career overseas, but it is doubtful whether higher salaries would stem their exodus in more than a minor degree. Under any circumstances, regardless of monetary reward, the intellectual litewould be tempted to go abroad in search of a wider field of endeavor than can be found in so small acountry as New Zealand.In a society where great wealth is regarded as antisocial, it is natural that ostentation should be looked at askance. Marks of distinction are liable to be a handicap. For instance, the politician who accepts a title does not usually improve his chances of gaining or retaining office by doing so. Richard Seddon, it will be remembered, consistently and doubtless wisely, refused to accept a knighthood. Wealth carries with it a minimum of prestige; it is a positive disadvantage to theaspirant to a political career. Strongly marked individuality or eccentricity are seldom in evidence among New Zealanders, and even where they do exist, the qualities are tolerated rather than appreciated. The rule of conformity prevails, and if the American writer, Sydney Greenbie, is to be believed, it has already produced a considerable measure of standardization among the inhabitants of the Dominion. "In face and feature, in mind and taste. " writes Greenbie, "the modern New Zealanders are so much alike that it is hard to remember the names of persons you meet casually for lack of distinguishing characteristics to which the eye can cling."Under conditions such as those described above, it is not surprising that no privileged class should have come into existence through long possession of landed estate or other permanent source of income. Nevertheless, the claim that New Zealanders have developed a classless society can scarcely be substantiated. Snobbery, when discouraged in one quarter, is prone to appear in some new form elsewhere. Recent investigations by A. A. Congalton and R. J. Havighurst show that there is a fairly well defined and universal appreciation of the graduated social status attaching to various social occupations. Results of a survey in which a cross section of the public was asked to answer a series of apposite questions showed, for example, that doctors, lawyers, and big businessmen were graded above heads of Government Departments, clergymen, and university professors; that office workers rated higher than shop assistants, miners than wharf laborers, and so on. Incidentally, the investigation also brought to light the fact that may attempt to inquire into the existence of social distinctions within the community invariably roused resentment.A privileged class being also a leisured class, its rejection is in keeping with a deep-seated belief that work has a virtue in its own right, without regard to its usefulness. In pioneer days, when hands were few and subsistence hard to win, it was indeed a crime to remain idle, and the habit of seeing idleness as a vice has endured. At the beginning of the great slump, when Forbes the Prime Minister, shocked at what he had seen of the "dole" during a visit to England, declared that so long as he retained office there would be no payment without work, his words appealed to a moral precept deeply inculcated not only in the minds of reactionaries but of many radicals as well.第36题One result of New Zealand´s effort to abolish poverty is ______.A.sharp differences between the rich and the poorB.the egalitarian ideal becomes incompatibleC.care of the underdog becomes more importantD.skill learning and self-improvement are not desired第37题Some high ability people prefer a career overseas because of ______.A.fierce competition at homeB.higher social status overseasC.more opportunities abroadD.monetary reward at home第38题Which of the following best describes the New Zealand society?.A.ostentationB.eccentricityC.individualityD.conformity第39题New Zealand is not a classless society in that ______.A.snobbery is discouraged everywhere in New ZealandB.people with more wealth seem to enjoy a high social statusC.the difference between the rich and the poor is greatD.New Zealanders don´t have a permanent source of income第40题If people believe that work has a virtue in its own right, they will do all the following EXCEPT ______.A.see idleness as a viceB.try their best not to be idleC.not accept a privileged classD.inquire into social distinctions上一题下一题(41~46/共20题)Reading ComprehensionThe premise with which the multiculturalists begin is unexceptional: that it is important to recognize and to celebrate the wide range of cultures that exist in the United States. In what sounds like a reflection of traditional American pluralism, the multiculturalists argue that we must recognize difference, that difference is legitimate; in its kindlier Versions, multiculturalism represents the discovery on the part of minority groups that they can play a part in molding the larger culture even as they are molded by it. And on the campus multiculturalism, defined more locally as the need to recognize cultural variations among students, has tried with some success to talk about how a racially and ethnically diverse student body can enrich everyone´s education.Phillip Green, a political scientist at Smith and a thoughtful proponent of multiculturalism, notes that for a significant portion of the students the politics of identity is all-consuming. Students, he says, "are unhappy with the thin gruel of rationalism. They require a therapeutic curriculum to overcome not straightforward racism but ignorant stereotyping. "But multiculturalism´s hard-liners, who seem to make up the majority of the movement, damn as racism any attempt to draw the myriad of American groups into a common American culture. For these multiculturalists, differences are absolute, irreducible, and intractable-occasions not for understanding but for separation. The multiculturalists, it turns out, is not especially interested in the great American hyphen, in the syncretistic (and therefore naturally tolerant) identities that allow Americans to belong to more than a single culture, to be both particularizes and universalisms.The time-honored American mixture of assimilation and traditional allegiance is denounced as a danger to racial and gender authenticity. This is an extraordinary reversal of the traditional liberal commitment to a "truth" that transcends parochialisms. In the new race/class/gender formation, universality is replaced by, among other things, feminist science Nubian numerals (as part of an A, fro-centric science), and what Marilyn Frankenstein of the University of Massachusetts-Boston describes as "ethno-mathematics," in which the cultural basis of counting comes to the fore.The multiculturalists insist on seeing all perspectives as tainted by the perceiver´s particularpoint of view. Impartial knowledge, they argue, is not possible, because ideas are simply the expression of individual identity, or of the unspoken but inescapable assumptions that are inscribed in a culture or a language. The problem, however, with this warmed-over Nietzscheanism is that it threatens to leave no ground for anybody to stand on, so the multiculturalists make a leap, necessary for their own intellectual survival, and proceed to argue that there are some categories, such as race and gender, that do in fact embody an unmistakable knowledge of oppression. Victims are at least epistemologically lucky. Objectivity is a mask for oppression. And so an appalled former 1960s radical complained to me that self-proclaimed witches were teaching classes on witchcraft. "They´re not teaching students how to think," she said, "they´re telling them what to believe."第41题Which one of the following ideas would multiculturalists NOT believe?A.That we should recognize and celebrate the differences among the many cultures in the United States.B.That we can never know the "truth" because "truth" is always shaped by one´s culture.C.That "difference" is more important than "sameness."D.Those different cultures should work to assimilate themselves into the mainstream culture so that eventually there will be no excuse for racism.第42题According to a hard-line multiculturalists, which one of the following groups is most likely to know the "truth" about political reality?cated people who have learned how to see reality from many different perspectives.B.A minority group that has suffered oppression at the hands of the majority.C.High government officials who have privileged access to secret information.D.Political scientists who have thoroughly studied the problem.第43题The author states that in a "kindlier version" of multiculturalism, minorities discover "that they can play a part in molding the larger culture even as they are molded by it." If no new ethnic groups were incorporated into the American culture for any centuries to come, which one of the following would be the most probable outcome of this "kindlier version"?A.At some point in the future, there would be only one culture with no observable ethnic differences.B.Eventually the dominant culture would overwhelm the minority cultures, which would then lose their ethnic identities.C.The multiplicity of ethnic groups would remain but the characteristics of the different ethnic groups would change.D.The smaller ethnic groups would remain, and they would retain their ethnic heritag第44题The author speaks about the "politics of identity" that Phi]lip Green, a political scientist at Smith, notes is all-consuming for many of the students : considering the subject of the passage, which one of the following best describes what the author means by "the politics of identity"?A.The attempt to discover individual identities through political actionB.The political agenda that aspires to create a new pride of identity for AmericansC.The current obsession for therapy groups that help individuals discover their inner selvesD.The trend among minority students to discover their identities in their ethnic groups rather than in their individuality第45题Which one of the following best describes the attitude of the writer toward the multicultural movement?A.Tolerant. It may have some faults, but it is well-meaning overall.B.Critical. A formerly admirable movement has been taken over by radical intellectuals.C.Disinterested. He seems to be presenting an objective report.D.EnthusiastiＣ. The author embraces the multiculturalists movement and is trying to present it in a favorable light.第46题"Multiculturalists relativism" is the notion that there is no such thing as impartial or objective knowledge. The author seems to be grounding his criticism of this notion on ______.A.the clear evidence that science has indeed discovered "truths" that have been independent of both language and culture.B.the conclusion that relativism leaves one with no clear notions of any one thing that is true.C.the absurdity of claiming that knowledge of oppression is more valid than knowledge of scientific facts.D.the agreement among peoples of all cultures as to certain undeniable truths-e,g., when the sky is clear, day is warmer than night.上一题下一题(47~50/共20题)Reading ComprehensionI expect this course to open my eyes to story material, to unleash my too dormant imagination, to develop that quality utterly lacking in my nature-a sense of form. I do not expect to acquire much technique. I expect to be able to seize upon the significant, reject the trivial. I hope to acquire a greater love for humanity in all its forms.I have long wondered just what my strength was as a writer. I am often filled with tremendous enthusiasm for a subject, yet my writing about it will seem a sorry attempt. Above all, I possess a driving sincerity-that prime virtue of any creative worker. I write only what I believe to be the absolute truth-even if I must ruin the theme in so doing. In this respect I feel far superior to those glib people in my classes who often garner better grades than I do. They are so often pitiful frauds-artificial-insincere. They have a line that works. They do not write from the depths of their hearts. Nothing of theirs was ever horn of pain. Many an incoherent yet sincere piece of writing has outlived the polished product.I write only about people and things that I know thoroughly. Perhaps I have become a mere reporter, not a writer/Yet I feel that this is all my present abilities permit. I will open my eyes in my youth and store this raw, living material. Age may bring the fire that molds experience into artistry.I have a genuine love of nature. It is not the least bit affected, but an integral and powerful part of my life. I know that Cooper is a fraud-that he doesn´t give a true sense of the sublimity of American scenery. I know that Muir and Thoreau and Burroughs speak the truth. I can sense the moods of nature almost instinctively. Ever since I could walk, I have spent as much time as I could in the open. A perception of nature-no matter how delicate, how subtle, how evanescent-remains with me forever.I am influenced too much, perhaps, by natural objects. I seem bound by the very room I´m in. I´ve associated so long with prosaic people that I´ve dwarfed myself spiritually. When I get alone under an open sky where man isn´t too evident-then I´m tremendously exalted and a thousand vivid ideas and sweet visions flood my consciousness.I think that I possess story material in abundance. I have had an unusual upbringing. I was let alone, thank God ! My mother insisted upon two things-that I strive for perfection in whatever I did and that I always try to be a gentleman. I played with Italians, with Russians, Poles, and the "sissies" on Michigan avenue. I was carefully watched, yet allowed to follow my own inclinations.I have seen a good deal of life that would never have been revealed to an older person. Up to the time I came to college then I had seen humanity in diverse forms. Now I´m cramped and unhappy.I don´t feel that these idiotic adolescents are worth writing about. In the summer, I turn animal and work for a few weeks in a factory. Then I´m happy.My literary achievements have been insignificant. At fourteen, I made a speech which was translated into twenty-six languages and used as Red Cross propaganda. When I was younger, it seemed that everything I wrote was eminently successful. I always won a prize when I entered an es- say contest. In college, I´ve been able to get only one "A" in four rhetoric courses. I feel this keenly. If I can´t write, what can I do? I wonder.When I was a freshman, I told Carlton Wells that I knew I could write whether he thought so or not. On my next theme he wrote "You can Write!" How I have cherished that praise!It is bad form to talk about grades. I know. If I don´t get an "A" in this course, it wouldn´t be because I haven´t tried. I´ve made a slow start. I´m going to spend Christmas vacation writing. A "B" symbolizes defeat to me. I´ve been beaten too often. I do wish that we were allowed to keep our stories until we felt that we had worked them into the best possible form.I do not have the divine urge to write. There seems to be something surging within, -a profound undercurrent of emotion. Yet there is none of that fertility of creation which distinguishes the real writer.Nevertheless, I have faith in myself. I´m either going to be a good writer or a poor fool.第47题There are a number of paradoxical statements in the author´s self-analysis. Identify two of them and explain.______第48题The author says "Many an incoherent yet sincere piece of writing has outlived the polished products." (Paragraph 2)Explain and comment on the idea._____第49题What things and people are regarded by the author to be the proper material for his writing? Explain._____第50题Does the author think of himself as a talented writer? Why or why not?_____上一题下一题(1/1)Writing第51题Read the following quote and write an article of about 400 words long for a newspaper to argue for or against the author´s opinion.We shall live to see the day, I trust, when no man shall build his house for posterity. He might just。