欧美文化概论课程论文

欧洲文化的论文(2)关于欧洲文化的论文范文德国构建社会保障的思想主要来源于德国社会市场经济思想，其基本特点是在强调市场作用的同时，注意社会公正与社会平等的发展。

德国强调社会政策与经济政策的一致性，社会福利政策执行的效率取决于国民经济健康有序发展，社会政策不能间接损害国民经济生产率，也不能违背市场经济制度的基本原则。

这一原则也就决定了德国在面临危机时仍能从容面对，仅仅通过政策的调整来缓解并走出危机，并保障其经济发展的有序。

此外，德国主张个人享受福利权利必须与义务相对应，集体性社会福利必须有限度。

政府通过有效的社会福利政策，促使国民摆脱原始的利己主义、进行自我发展。

(三)南欧：父爱主义的天主教福利观以希腊为代表的南欧国家社会福利文化的核心是天主教福利观形成的国家非干预意识形态观，施行家庭―市民社会主供的福利资源供给制度，家庭和教会在福利供给方面占主导地位。

天主教的意识形态观强调社会网络、社会互动和社会意义，倡导家庭伦理，主张家庭福利和使用社会资源。

天主教坚持家庭时最基本的社会单位，反对国家干预，倡导国家“辅助性原则”的意识形态。

因此，希腊最初的福利文化来源于天主教意识形态观，强调家庭伦理观念的家庭福利主义。

四、欧洲社会福利文化对中国的启示社会福利制度安排是其自身所具备的福利文化的外在反应，深厚的福利文化根基对构建社会福利体系具有重要作用。

本文通过对欧洲社会福利制度文化渊源进行探究和分析，从而针对我国未来构建社会福利文化得出一些启示和经验。

(一)坚持发扬传统核心文化理念根据前文对瑞典、德国和希腊社会福利文化的分析，可以看到各国的社会福利思想理念都和本国的传统文化中密不可分，甚至可以说正是传统文化的精髓在历史的沉淀中逐渐形成了社会福利思想理念。

在国家发展过程中，文化作为软实力一直在潜移默化地影响着每一代国民，因此，传统文化的力量不可忽视。

尤其就我国目前的状况而言，国家经济处于高速发展的阶段，公民意识逐渐觉醒，市民社会的力量在加强，在这种社会转型的复杂背景下，外来思想理念的诱惑力极强，在吸收其他福利思想的同时，必须要保持传统文化的精髓，发扬中国本土文化对国民的强大影响力，将传统文化与现代理念结合起来，构建适合我国国情的社会福利文化。

The Differences of Teenagers’ Life Between China and AmericaIt is universally known that teenagers are the expectation of their parents and the hope of a nation, and almost all the countries in the world, including C hina and America of course, pay much attention to the teenagers’ life. However, because of the differences of culture in different countries, teenagers are obviously not living a same life. And in this article, I want to talk about some differences of teenagers’ life between China and America, for life of teenagers in these two countries are both typical.First of all, let’s go into schools and find out how teenagers s pending a day at school.As a Chinese student, I really know the teenagers’ life at school in China. We have to get up early so as not to be late for classes in the weekdays, and there are nearly ten lessons, which contain Chinese, maths, physics, chemistry, English and so on, from moning to night so that many students, especially the highschool students, prefer to spend most of time staying in the classrooms rather than go to play games. As there are too many tasks of learning for us, sometimes we even think that doing things which have nothing to do with studing is just a waste of time. So now you should know that Chinese teenagers’ life at school seems to be alittle monotonous and there are few things to do except listening to the teachers in classes, reading books and doing exercises. And at the end of the day, we are always feeling very tired.Compairde with Chinese teenagers’ life at school, American teenagers’ is easier and more colourful. American teenagers attend classes for an everage of only five hours a day, while Chinese teenagers spend about 10 hours a day. What’s more, although American teenagers should also learn a lot of subjects like mathematics, science, social studies (a subject that includes history, geography, citizenship and economics) and so on, the contents of these courses are much easier than Chinese students’. In result, American teenagers have relatively few tasks of learning, and they have far more free time to do things which they like.After classes over, American teenagers will have more activities. For example, doing a part-time job is universal among the teenagers.There is an interesting fact that a ccording to a survey, it is found that “About 54 percent young students have no pocket money in America, and there are fewer chances to get money from their parents as their ages increase. It is also found that 68 percent American stude nts earn pocket money through doing part-time job in their spare time.”(Tin Jennifer, 2005) By this way, American teenagers not only earn pocket money, but also get many chances to train themselves to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently.However, it seems to be hard for Chinese teenagers to do the same things like doing a part-time job as American teenagers. One of the reasons is that Chineseteenagers have less spare time and just within the little spare time, they have to finish much homework. Besides, Chinese parents always protect their children excessively in social activities. Many parents fear that their children will face a lot of difficulties or become bad boys in society; they always reduc e their children’s chances to contact with society or do not let them go to the outside alone. As result, Chinese teenagers live a relatively safe life, with the protection of their parents and teachers, but they may lose a large quantity of chances for themselves to kown the reality of society and develop the aware of independence. And now we should somewhat understand the reason why American teenagers often seems to be more confident and mature.In a word, compared with American teenagers, Chinese teenages live a more tired and simple life. The most important things for them is to finish quite a large number of tasks of studying and they do not need to care about other things too much, because their parents always try to do almost everything for them.But why do these differences above appear? In my opinion, the key reason is that, as we all know, now the only way to select talented person in China is examination. That is to say, we test a person’s level by mark, whith sounds a little cruel. Due to this policy, Chinese teenagers have to undertake the heavy tasks of studyi ng, which is just like Zhengqiang’s(a professer of Zhejiang university) words“In the nowadays, the heavy tasks of studying brings too much pression to our Chinese teenagers but take too much happiness of the teenagers’ life away”. Their parents and teachers also put the children’s mark in an very important place,so they often urge the teenagers to sduty hard and hardly let them to other things. However, owing to the rich resources of education and the relatively variety of ways to select talented person, American teenagers have more choices and they needn’t pay so much attention like Chinese teenagers to study.And secondly, the parents’ conceptions of family education have an great effect on the teenagers’ life too.In China, parents will regard their son or daughter as a child and try to protect their child forever, and the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. What Chinese parents do makes Chinese teenagers live a comfortable life. The teenagers is just like the flowers which are planted in the greenhouses, with no hurt by the wind or snow, beautiful but fragile.However, on the contrary, in America, parents often encourage their children to contact with society. For instance, They let their children do a part-time job by controling the amount of children’s pocket money, which is mentioned in the previous paragraph. What American parents do is to cultivate children’s awareness of frugality and train their children’s ability of independence. Thus, American teenagers may meet more touble in the daily life, but if they overcome the trouble by themselves successfully, they will get a lot of precious social experience that will help them grow up more smoothly.By comparing and contrasting Chinese teenagers’ life with American teenagers’life, we can see that the American mode is better for teenagers to grow up healthily and there are some disadvantages about the Chinese mode. Fortunately, the Chinese government has realized this situation. For example, considering the teenagers’ heavy tasks of studying, the government makes some new education policy such as the policy of quality education to increase ways of talented person selecting to encourage the teenagers to do some other things. Besides, with society developing, Chinese parents also realize that it’s of great importance for children to for a self-supporting will, because it’s the basic quality that help a person succeed in society. Then the parents no longer help their children make all the decisions but they sometimes let their children do same choices. So Chinese teenagers’ life is not so monotonous as before, and I think the teenagers’ life will be more and more colourful, and they can grow up more healthily.参考文本文献以及电子文献：[1] 朱永涛，王立礼。

欧洲文化的论文（3）关于欧洲文化的论文范文”[7]基督教教义在一定程度上成为了高级文化的载体，它促进了欧洲人的思想开化。

这一过程使得基督教成为欧洲人精神世界的统治者，奠定了其在欧洲人统一意识形态与价值观念中的统治地位。

作为中世纪意识形态的主导，基督教的教条成为了欧洲文化中伦理道德的规范。

基督教在中世纪时期有着其整体化的机构与活动。

其教义的传播者教士是文化的象征，而其物质载体修道院则成为教化民众的场所，是当时社会主要的文化中心。

修道院因其重要的文化地位和影响成为现代大学的前身。

可以说，基督教对欧洲人统一性的精神统治在欧洲认同观念的形成中起到了中流砥柱的作用。

综上所述，欧洲认同观念有着深刻的文化根源。

古希腊罗马文化是欧洲文明的起源，基督教文化是欧洲人共同的精神家园，二者为欧洲认同的形成奠定了坚实的基础。

只有深入探究欧洲认同形成的文化根源才能深刻地认识欧洲及其不断加强的一体化进程。

参考文献：[1] 郑晓云. 文化认同与文化变迁[M]. 北京：中国社会科学出版社，1993.[2] 马克思，恩格斯. 马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷)[M]. 北京：人民出版社， 1972.[3] 伊迪丝·汉密尔顿. 希腊方式—通向西方文明的源泉 [M]. 杭州：浙江人民出版社，1988.[4] W. Fleming. Arts and Ideas [M]. New York， 1968.[5] 陈乐民，周弘. 欧洲文明扩张史[M]. 北京：东方出版中心，1999.[6] Anthony Pagden. The Idea of Europe [M]. Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Cambridge University Press. U.K. 2002.[7] 惠一鸣. 欧洲联盟发展史(上). 北京：中国社会科学出版社，2003年第1版.。

英美文化概论课程论文－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－What I've Learnt in This CourseAuthor name: 杨坤student number : During this course，we have get the knowledge about America and Britain of their history , language , literature , education , politics and so on .United Kingdom covers only a small part area of the earth's surface , but its people share many different origins and cultures including the Scots , the Welsh , the Irish and the English .The English we use today has experienced too many changes . Old English of Anglo-saxon ,although it is the ancestor of modern English ,appears quite different from today's language .During AD 587-1066 , They used both Latin and Germanic scripts but always called their language Englisc .With the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror in 1066 , norman French became the official language of English .The following phases are Middle English , Modern English ,Standard English .British government system The monarchy is the oldest secular institution in the United Kingdom .The British constitution is consisted of Acts of Parliament , the Prerogative of the Grown , Conventions of the Constitution , Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege . There are three elements in Parliament——the Crown , the House of Lord , the House of Commons . English literature begins around the 8th century in a language called Old English or Anglo-saxon . During this time the master work is Beowulf , a story of a great king who fought against monsters. The middle English period , generally defined as 1100 to 1500 , sees the true beginning of the magnificent heritage of English literature .During t his period many outstanding writers appeared as like Chauccer and the Shakespeare . Chaucer was the first to use English creation of court writer. He lived in London, use natural central England each county English, not dialect in northern or south England . His works made great contribution to the formation of modern English . when he was young , Chaucer translated part of the love poem "rose legend "into English. His first work is "the duchess's book. "Especially Roy Russ and klein west Germany based on boccaccio , show the great poem talent of Chaucer . His last longest and most famous work is the Canterbury tales. His work in Britain has always been treated as the best until Shakespeare's time. Shakespeare wrote tragic (Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, as king Lear) , comedy(The merchant of Venice, a midsummer night's dream, happy, twelfth night) , tragicomedy(Romeo and Juliet) ,historical play(Henry iv, Henry v, Henry vi, Henry viii, king John, Richard ii, Richard iii) and sonnet (Lover's complaint, LuKeLi silk non-virgins remember, Venus and adonis, enthusiasm of pilgrims, phoenix and doves) .Everybody knows that the Britain is Christians . The church of England is one of the many "Protestant" sects which broke away from the more ancient and more orthodox Roman Catholic Church several centuries ago , during the great religious upheaval called the Reformation.Being different from the Britain , the America has a very big land . In its vast area the United States comprehends most of the physical condition known to men : heatand cold , forest and desert , tropical-awamp and Arctic waste , mountains and endlessplain , empty apace and megalopolis , and the world's largest river system .Around the year 1000 , a party of Icelandic Vikings under Leif Ericson sailed to the eastern coast of North America . 500 years later , the need for increased trade and anerror in navigation led to another European encounter with America .Since 1607 , England began build the permanent colonies, in 150 years, after a lot of settlers poured in, settled in coastal regions, including many from Britain, it is partly from France, Germany, the Netherlands and Ireland and other countries. Middle of the 18th century, 13 British colonies had formed. Because of the climate and geographical environment, the 13 colonial area formed the different economic , political system and ideas . On April 19 ,1775 , revolution erupted .In 1782 30 November, Britain and America sign the Paris peace treaty, 1783 September 3rd, Britain formally recognized American independence .Each American is subjected to two governments , that of his state and that of the Union , and each has its own distinct function . In America each state made a constitution of its own and in its own way .That is very different from us . Every state constitution divided political power among three element .Each state entrusted the executive power to a governor . Finally , Each state had a system of courts ,and the judges in the courts were not to be subject to the executive or the legislative authorities .From the beginning of American history to the present today , American literature has recorded the story of quest . At different times the quest taken the different forms . In the 16th century Europeans came to this new world in search of the lost constinent of Atlantis.They came looking for golden " cities of Cibola " that haunted Coronado's imagination . They searched for the fabled northwest Passage to the Orient . Cooper , Poe , Emerson , Melvile , Mark Twain and Henry James were very outstanding in the history of American literature .Most of American belief in Christian and Catholic. America is a multi-ethnic, many religious country. Christian and Catholic, orthodox Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism and other religious also have many followers. Religious belief in the citizens of the population accounted for about 91%.America has many idiomatical festival as like the thanksgiving and Christmas . The thanksgiving day is on the 4th Thursday in November . On this day , Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year and celebrate with dinners and happy reunions. Christmas season is the most festive time of the year in the United States. Students from grammar school through college have to two weeks' vocation .Many families go away for the holidays ,perhaps to ski in Colorado or to swim and sunbathe in Florida . People also decorate their house with christmas tree and red stars and color lights .They sing Christmas Carols,and sending Christmas cards .When I have learned this course ,I know that there is some reason for the rapid development of the Britain and the United States . The answers maybe are the democratic politics and good education . So ,if our we want our nation to be strong ,we have to built our politics and education .感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

The Differences between the United States and China in Education “Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortune.” Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, said. As we all know, education is necessary to ourselves and even our society. But people in different countries receive various educations because of diverse culture. Let us see the differences in education between America and China and the influence of different education on people.First, there is much distinction between those two countries in ideals of education. American asserts equality. She claims that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as they want so that American can produce a society of literacy and local control. She places emphasis on the basic nature of knowledge and learning. Students in America should learn to discover and create new approaches to understand what is already known. American students prefer to practice by themselves instead of listening to the teachers sitting in the classroom. However, students in China are taught to learn not creative thinking but basic skills. Chinese require that students should acquire knowledge as what teachers teach and what teaching materials tell. Chinese always instill into kids’minds a thought that what teachers and teaching materials say are definitely right so that Chinese students lack the critical thought since they are children. Thus, it becomes that American students possess great abilities though get low grades and Chinese students have low abilities while get high scores, as is known to all.Second, the atmospheres in the classroom show the divergence of the two countries’education. Chinese teachers are good at drawing conclusions from a question for students to make them have no question. But American teachers are efficient at enlightening students on a question and enable every student to put forward more new questions. A student in Chinese class has to put up his hand to be allowed to stand up by teachers to answer questions while in American class students are encouraged to speak freely. If a Chinese student disagree what his teacher say, he will suffer some criticisms; nevertheless, an American students will be awarded praise if he does that. We can find out that the Chinese class pays more attention to discipline and the United States focuses on human rights.Three, the ways to further education are entirely different in China and America. There is no annual college entrance examination. Applicants are chosen on the basis of four aspects: high school records, high school teachers’recommendations, the impression they make during interviews at the university, scores on Scholastic Aptitude Test. In an American soap opera called Gossip Girl, an actor called Dan, who wants to study in Yale and passed the SAT, struggles to get three recommendations from his high school teachers or famous writers. But every Chinese student knows that if they want to go to university they must pass the college entrance examination and if they hope to go to key colleges, they have to get higher scores. So the purpose of American education system is to make students find out their shortcomings and straighten them up and Chinese educational system is elimination.Four, students’ extra-curricular life in United States is more colorful than Chinese students’. There are many students’organizations----clubs and activities in the American school helping students become successful when pursuing hobbies. Inaddition, they often do some part-time jobs to make money, which may be for activities or other things. However, Chinese students don’t have so many activities and in their extra-curricular life they will spend most of time attending cram school or doing their homework. So, they are losing their hobbies gradually.In general, I think our government should make reformation on our educational system immediately. Not only should our grades be focused on, but also students’practical ability and creative thinking should be paid more attention. Thus, our country will be more thriving and prospering and we Chinese will be more happiness!。

欧洲文化概况之发展史欧洲文化的发展，带有其自身的色彩。

从其发展演变过程来看，我们可大致将其分为五个时期：一、古典时期（the Classic Age，1200 B.C～476 A.D）欧洲“古典时期”的文化是由地处南欧的希腊人创立的，那是整个欧洲文化的发源地，他们创造了古希腊文明及古罗马文明。

主要是古希腊文明（the Ancient Greek Civilization）及古罗马文明（the Ancient Roman Civilization）。

奉行的是异教徒的信仰和实践（Paganism）。

异教徒指非基督教徒，非犹太教徒，非伊斯兰教徒。

理念上鲜有束缚，实践中享受人生，个性突出，热情奔放，创造力旺盛，风格多姿多彩。

那个年代理念上鲜有束缚，丰裕的物质条件、欢愉的精神生活和足够的闲暇时间，雅典人民或去露天广场出席公民大会，聆听别人演讲，高兴了慷慨激昂地发表自己的高见；或通宵达旦地看戏剧；或去柏拉图学院去听大师讲学；或去运动，扔铁饼；或约三五好友，在澡堂子里穿着浴袍高谈阔论直至天将破晓……在享乐主义的旗帜下求得个人才智的增长与道德品质的完美——直到今天，南欧诸国的子民，仍旧保持着那个时代的鲜明烙印。

他们说，现在南欧人习惯在早上和下午或晚上各喝一杯咖啡，而且最好是那种一小杯暗黑、浓郁、半苦半甜且带着焦味的咖啡，上层浮着热牛奶油沫、带着一点点的沉淀在杯底，喝咖啡的人以只手捧着碗或杯子，以咖啡的热度来温热他们的手掌或用鼻孔来感觉咖啡香，如果可能的话，他们甚至希望能跳入碗或杯中洗澡。

二、中世纪时期（the Middle Ages，476～1453）公元500年至1500年，被看成是人类进步征途中一个漫长而毫无目标的迂回时代——穷困、迷信、黯淡的一千年，将罗马帝国黄金时代和意大利文艺复兴新黄金时代分隔开来。

”于是，中世纪无异于“黑暗时代”的代名词。

可是，如果以相因而持续的眼光来观看这三个世代相承的历史阶段的时期更替，“史学家现在认识到中世纪欧洲具有巨大的创造力”，因为“经年累月的研究已经表明，中世纪社会仍在持续发生变化”，这就是“约在公元1500年左右，中世纪时代结束时，欧洲的技术与政治的和经济的结构，已在世界上所有其他文明当中占有决定性的优势”。

欧洲文化概况论文参考范文在经济全球化的今天，来自各种文化的人群在各个领域的接触日益频繁，欧洲的一些国家也都在纷纷重视文化的作用。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于欧洲文化概况论文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!欧洲文化概况论文篇1试谈欧洲文化线路发展概述摘要：“欧洲文化线路”由欧洲委员会于1984年提出并于1987年正式施行，其目标为“以文化合作的形式提升对欧洲一体化和文化多元化的认同，保护欧洲文化的多样性，鼓励文化间的交流，协助调解地区矛盾”。

经过四十余年理论研究与实践，“欧洲文化线路”计划在文化线路的管理体系、标准设立、资金筹措以及与其他国际组织相关项目合作等方面形成了一套完整成熟的体系。

体系、主题、形式的多元化构成了欧洲文化线路最大特点。

“欧洲文化线路”以推动新兴旅游业(如文化游、体验游等)促进当地发展，对欧洲地区的遗产保护和地区发展具有深远意义。

关键词：文化线路;欧洲委员会;多元化欧洲，作为文化线路概念的发源地，在欧洲委员会的指导下历经三十年的磨合形成了一个顺应时代背景、凝聚欧洲认同感、推动区域经济可持续发展的文化线路体系，成为提升欧洲遗产共享意识、维系民众关系、促进社会、经济、文化发展必不可少的工具。

该体系为其他国家和国际组织文化线路体系的发展奠定了理论和实践基础，对我国正在进行的文化线路和相关线性文化遗产的研究和实践工作具有参考价值。

一、概况(一)发展背景欧洲的“文化线路”(Cultural Routes)起源于欧洲委员会的“欧洲委员会文化线路”(Cultural Routesof the Council of Eur ope，以下简称“欧洲文化线路”)计划。

欧洲委员会是欧洲历史最悠久成员国最多的国际组织，其宗旨是“通过实现成员间相互团结，以维护其被视为共同遗产与促进经济和社会进步的理想和准则”。

多年来，欧洲委员会同欧盟不断致力于开展区域间文化遗产的修复与保护，并通过能力建设、文化交流等方式维护区域稳定，如保护战后科索沃地区文化多样性、格鲁吉亚战后恢复、基辅区域保护计划等。

American MusicThe music of the U.S. reflects the country’s multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. Rock’n roll, rhythm, country, blues, jazz, and hip hop are among the country’s most internationally-renowned genres. The U.S. has the world’s largest music industry and also its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some types of American popular music have gained a near global audience. Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the U.S. and played its first music. Begining in the 17th century, immigrants from the British, Spain, Isles, and France began arriving in large numbers, bringing with them new styles and instruments. African slaves also brought musical traditions, and each subsequent wave of immigrants contributed to a melting pot.Much of modern popular music can trace back to the emergence in the late 19th century of African American blues and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s. The African American basis for popular music used elements derived from European and indigenous music. The U.S. has also seen documented folk music and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles of the Ukrainian, Polish, Hispanic, Irish, Scottish and Jewish communities, among others. Many American cities and towns have vibrant music scenes which, in turn, support a lot of regional musical styles. Aiong with musical centers such as Detroit, Chicago, New Y ork, Nashville and Los Angeles, many smaller cities have produced distinctive styles of music. The Creole and Cajun traditions in Louisiana music, the bluegrass and old time music of the Southeastern states and the folk and popular styles of Hawaiian music are a few examples of diversity in American music.Folk musicFolk music in the U.S. is varied across the country’s numerous ethnic groups. The native American tribes play their own varieties of folk music, most of it spiritual in nature. The native Americans played the first folk music in what is now the U.S., using a wide variety of techniques and styles. Some commonalities are near universal among native American traditional music, however, especially the lack of polyphony and harmony, and the use of vocables and descending melodic figures. Tradional instrumentations uses the flute and many kinds of percussion instruments, like rattles, drums, and shakers. Since African and European contact was established, native American folk music has grown in new directions, into fusions with disparate styles like European folk dances and Tejano music. Modern native American music may be best known for pan-tribal gatherings, powwow gatherings at which traditionally styled music and dances are performed.Blues and SpiritualsSpirituals were primarily expressions of religius faith, sung by slaves on southern plantations. In the mid to late 19th century, spirituals spread out of the United States South. In 1871 Fisk University became home to the Jubilee Singers, a pioneering griup that popularized spirituals across the country. In imitation of this group, gospel quartets arose, followed by increasing diversification with the early 20th century rise of jackleg and singing preachers.Blues is a combination of African field hollers, work songs and shouts. It developed in the rural south in the first decade of the 20th century. The most important features of the blues is its use of the blue scale, with a flatted or indeterminate third, as well as the typically lamenting lyrics;through these elements had existed in African American folk music prior to the 20th century, the codified form of modern blues did not exist until the early 20th century.Classical musicThe European classical music tradition was brought to the U.S. with some of the first colonists.European classical music is rooted in the traditions of European art, concert and ecclesiastical music. The central norms of this tradition developed between 1550 and 1825, centering on what was known as the common practice period. Many American classical composers tried to work entirely within European models until late in 19th century. When Antonin Dvooak, a prominent Czech composer, visited the U.S. from 1892 to 1895, he iterated the idea that American classical music needed its own models instead of imitating European composers. He also helped to inspire subsequent composers to make a distinctly American style. By the beginning of 20th century, many American composers were incorporating disparate elements into their work, ranging from blues and jazz to native American music.Popular musicThe U.S. has produced many popular composers and musicians in the modern world. Beginning with the birth of recorded music. American performers have continued to lead the field of popular music, which out of “all the contributions made by Americans to world culture...has been taken to center by the whole world”. Most histories of popular music start with American Tin Pan Alley or ragtime. Other, however, trace popular music back to the European Renaissance and through ballads and other popular tradions. Other authors typically look at popular sheet music, tracing U.S. popular music to minstrel, spirituals shows and vaudeville, or the patriotic songs of the Civil War.JazzJazz is a tpye of music characterized by swung and blue notes, call and response vocals, improvisation and polyrhythms. Though originally a kind of dance music, jazz has been a major part of popular music, and has also become a major element of Western classical music. Jazz has roots in West African musical and classical expression, and in African music traditions including ragtime and blues, as well as European military band music. Early jazz was closely related to ragtime, with which it could be distinguished by the use of more intricate rhythmic improvisation. The earliest jazz bands adopted many vocabularies of the blues,including bent and blue notes, instrumental “growls” and smears otherwise not used on European instruments. Jazz’ro ots come from the city of New Orleans,Louisiana,populated by black Creoles and Cajuns, who combined the French-Canadian culture of the Cajuns with their own styles of music in the 19th century. Large Creole bands that played for funerals and parades became a major basis for early jazz, which spread from Chicago to New Orleans and other northern urban centers.Country musicCountry music is a combination of popular musical forms originally found in the southern U.S. and the Appalachian Mountians. It has roots in traditional folk music, blues, gospel music, Celtic music, hokum, and old-time music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s. The term country music began to be used in the 1940s when the early term hillbilly music was deeded to be degrading, and the term was widely embraced in the 1970s, while western and country have declined in use since that time, except in the U.K., where it is still commonly used.While album sales of most musical genres have declined, country music expericed one of its best years in 2006, when, during the first six months of the year, United States sales of country albums increased by 17.7% to 36 million. Furthermore, country music listening nationwide has remained steady for almost a decade, reaching 77.3 million adults every week.The term “country music” is used to describe many genres, styles, or subgenres and so on.。