2010上海交通大学C++期末试卷A

上海交通大学2010－2011学年《矩阵理论》试卷本试卷共四道大题，总分100分，其中*A 表示矩阵A 的共轭转置.一、 单项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 设⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=001001001A ，则=-199200A A ( )（A ）E ； （B ）0； （C ）A ； （D ）2A .2. 下列集合对所给运算构成实数域上线性空间的是( )（A ） 次数等于)1(≥m m 的实系数多项式的集合，对于多项式的通常加法和数与多项式的通常乘法；（B ） Hermite 矩阵的集合，对于矩阵的通常加法和实数与矩阵的通常乘法；（C ） 平面上全体向量的集合，对于通常的加法和如下定义的数乘运算0x x k =⋅，k 是实数，0x 是某一取定向量；（D ） 投影矩阵的集合，对于矩阵的通常加法和实数与矩阵的通常乘法.3. 线性变换为正交变换的必要而非充分条件的是( )（A ）保持向量的长度不变； （B ）将标准正交基变为标准正交基；（C ）保持任意两个向量的夹角不变；（D ）在任意标准正交基下的矩阵为正交矩阵.4. 设A 是幂等矩阵，则下列命题中不正确的是( )（A ）A 与对角矩阵相似； （B ）A 的特征值只可能是1或者0；（C ）A A )1sin()sin(=； （D ）幂级数10)(-∞=-=∑A E A k k .5. 设21,V V 是V 的两个线性子空间，则与命题“21V V +的任意元素的分解式唯一”不等价的命题是( )（A ）{}021=⋂V V ； （B ）2121dim dim )dim (V V V V +=+；（C ）21V V +的零元素的分解式唯一； （D ）V V V =⋃][21.二、填空题（每空3分，共15分）设二维线性空间V 的线性变换V V T :1与V V T :2在基21,αα下的矩阵分别为⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=0201,1201B A . 1、21,T T 的乘积:21T T V V 在基21,αα下的矩阵为 . 2、=)(dim 1T R .3、)()(21T N T R ⋂的一个基为 .4、若常数k 使得)(B A k +为幂收敛矩阵，则k 应该满足的条件是 .5、⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛B B A 0的Jordan 标准型为 .三、计算题（12分）向量空间22⨯R 中的内积通常定义为.))(,)((,),(22222121⨯⨯=====∑∑ij ij i j ij ij b B a A b a B A选取⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=1110,001121A A ，构造子空间],[21A A W =.1、求⊥W 的一组基；2、利用已知的W 和⊥W 求22⨯R 的一个标准正交基.四、计算题（18分）已知⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-=110130002A .1、求矩阵A 的Jordan 标准型J 和可逆矩阵P 使得A 相似于J ；2、计算矩阵A e ；3、求下列微分方程组的解⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==,)0(,0x x Ax dt dx ⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=1110x .五、计算题（10分）设n m C A ⨯∈的秩为r ，A 的奇异值分解为*UDV A =，nm O O O D ⨯⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛Λ=，),,(21r s s s diag ，=Λ.求矩阵)(A A B =的奇异值分解和它的Moore-Penrose 广义逆.六、计算题（18分） 设多项式空间})({][3322104R a t a t a t a a t f t P i ∈+++==中的线性变换为3032322110)()()()()(t a a t a a t a a a a t Tf -+-+-+-=.1、取定一组基，求该线性变换在该基下的矩阵A ；2、求与A 相关的四个子空间)(),(),(T A R A R A N 和)(T A N ；3、求线性变换T 的值域的基与维数；4、求线性变换T 的核的基与维数.七、证明题（6分）设n n C A ⨯∈. 证明A 是正定矩阵当且仅当存在一个正定矩阵B ，使得2B A =.八、证明题（6分）设A 为n 阶矩阵，证明：A 非奇异的充分必要条件是存在常数项不等于0的多项式)(λg 使得0)(=A g .。

一、选择填空：（每题1分，共15分）1. 与class sample {enum {SIZE = 10}; int storage[SIZE];};等价的类定义为。

A、class sample {const static int SIZE = 10; int storage[SIZE];};B、class sample {const int SIZE = 10; int storage[SIZE];};C、class sample { static const int SIZE = 10; int storage[SIZE];};D、class sample { int SIZE = 10; int storage[SIZE];};2．对于类中定义的成员，其默认访问权限为_____。

A、publicB、protectedC、privateD、static3. 友元运算符obj1+obj2被编译器解释为。

A、operator+(obj1,obj2)B、+(obj1,obj2)C、obj2.operator+(obj1)D、obj1.operator+(obj2)4. 若要对类Counter中重载的前缀++运算符进行声明，下列选项中正确的是。

A、Counter operator ++() const;B、Counter operator ++(int);C、friend Counter operator ++() const;D、friend Counter operator ++(int);5. 下列运算符中能够重载成友元函数的是。

A、[]B、=C、*D、（）6. 以下对运算符重载描述正确的是。

A、重载的运算符的参数至少应有一个是类对象B、重载运算符能够改变运算符的的优先级别C、重载运算符能够改变运算符的操作个数D、重载运算符可以有默认的参数7. 将运算符+重载为类成员函数后，编译系统将程序中的表达式C1+C2解释为。

一．选择题（每题1分，共10分）1、类CStudent的拷贝构造函数的声明语句为。

A．CStudent &CStudent (const CStudent other)B．CStudent CStudent(const CStudent other)C．CStudent (CStudent *other)D．CStudent (const CStudent &other)2、类的友元函数能访问该类的。

A．私有成员B．保护成员C．所有成员D．公有成员3、下面关于静态数据成员的描述中，正确的是。

A．静态数据成员可以直接用类名调用B．静态数据成员可以在类体内进行初始化C．静态数据成员不能受private控制符的作用D．类的不同对象有不同的静态数据成员值4、当使用fstream流类定义一个流对象并打开一个磁盘文件时，文件的隐含打开方式为__A．ios::in B．ios::out C．fstream::in | fstream::out D．没有指定打开方式5、若char p[20]=”hello world”;则输出该字符串正确的语句是__ __。

A．cout<<p[20]; B．cout<<&p; C．cout.<< *p; D．cout << p;6、在派生类中重新定义虚函数时，除了方面，其他方面都必须与基类中相应的虚函数保持一致。

A．参数个数和类型 B．函数体 C．函数名称 D．返回类型7、类模板定义如下：t emplate <class T, int low, int high>c lass Array {….};对该类模板实例化正确的是。

A．Array<float, 0, 20> x; B．Array<int, int, int> x; C．template<int, 0, 20> x; D．Array<int, 0, int> x;A．公有成员 B.9、假定AB为一个类，则执行 AB a(2), b[3], *p; 语句时共调用该类构造函数的次数为。

上海交通大学附属中学2010-2011学年度第二学期高二英语期终试卷（满分150 分,120分钟完成, 答案一律写在答题纸、答题卡上）命题：何其乐审核：沈莹I. Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 6:45. B. 7:30. C. 7:15. D. 7:00.2. A. At the hotel. B. At the railway station.C. At the airport.D. At the cinema.3. A. Some music cassettes. B. Some school supplies.C. Something to drink.D. Something to eat.4. A. Susan gave him the last piece of pie. B. He thought the pie was delicious.C. He went out to buy an apple pie.D. He didn’t think highly of Susan’s pie.5. A. Moving office furniture. B. Hanging a poster.C. Painting a room.D. Reading a news bulletin.6. A. Surprised. B. Disappointed. C. Delighted. D. Offended.7. A. He found the topic uninteresting. B. He hurt his eye this morning.C. The clock was a very unusual one.D. The lecture was more than one hour long.8. A. He believes dancing is enjoyable. B. He won’t dance until he has done his work.C. He admires those who dance.D. He definitely does not like dancing.9. A. He should look for someone to talk to. B. He gives lessons in exercising.C. He talks too much.D. He should follow his own advice.10. A. She gave a lecture to the psychology class.B. She advised the man to see a psychologist.C. She persuaded the man not to take the course.D. She convinced the man to apply to graduate school.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He did it during the class time. B. He did it on weekends.C. He copied it from friends.D. He rarely did it.12. A. At high school. B. In the freshman year of college.C. In the second year of college.D. In the senior year of college.13. A. By failing in getting his degree. B. By worrying about losing his scholarship.C. By crying in the professor’s office.D. By having to do extra assignments.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following introduction.14. A. Fire emergencies. B. Medical situations.C. Traffic accidents.D. All types of situations.15. A. Asking them to call 911 often. B. Telling them what an emergency is.C. Telling them the cause of an emergency.D. Organizing all kinds of drills for them.16. A. The different uses of 911. B. Teaching kids how to deal with emergencies.C. The establishment of 911.D. Keeping kids away from emergencies.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversa tion.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (31%)Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. —Would you like ______, sir?— No, thanks. I have had much.A. some more orangesB. any more orangesC. some more orangeD. any more orange26. Americans eat ______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twiceB. as twice as manyC. twice as many asD. more than twice as many27. The higher the standard of living is ______.A. the greater the amount of paper will be usedB. the greater the amount of paper used will beC. the greater amount of paper will useD. the greater amount of paper used28. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish ______ in two days?A. the restB. the otherC. anotherD. the others29. What he said at the meeting made Mary rather embarrassed, so he felt that he ______differently.A. might expressB. should expressC. could have expressedD. must have expressed30. My friend has returned from the UK. She ______ at Oxford for four years, during which we communicated with each other on the Internet.A. studiedB. has studiedC. had studiedD. has been studying31. All the clothes donated by the citizens need cleaning thoroughly before being sent to theearth-stricken area, ______ ?A. needn’t theyB. don’t theyC. didn’t theyD. shouldn’t they32. Believe it or not, crying is a way you can imagine ______ pressure.A. relievingB. to relieveC. relievedD. relieve33. Storm chasing is so dangerous that some chasers are often hurt in accidents ______ by drivingin a heavy rain.A. having causedB. causedC. to be causedD. causing34. ______ Chief Engineer, as his family had expected, made his father happy and proud.A. Mike being appointedB. Mike’s appointedC. Mike appointingD. Mike’s being appointed35. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond ourcontrol.A. most of themB. most of whatC. most of whichD. most of that36. The most widely accepted theory about the beginning of drama is based on the concept______ drama evolved from ritual.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. as37. ______ sweet, this type of flower sells the best in the market.A. SmeltB. Being smeltC. To smellD. Smelling38. Having mastered the technologies of manned spacecraft, China became the third country in theworld ______ manned spaceflight independently.A. developB. to developC. developingD. developed39. ______ bears’ number has increased, their conflicts with local people have increased too.A. IfB. WithC. AsD. While40. In the third and fourth columns of your monthly budget, list ______ you expect to spend yourmoney on and the amount.A. whatB. how muchC. howD. which41. A newly designed skyscraper is being set up ______ the World Trade Center used to stood.A. whereB. at whichC. thatD. which42.— It rained heavily yesterday. Did you get wet ?— Quite lucky, ______ got on the train when it poured down.A. no sooner had IB. I have no soonerC. hardly had ID. scarcely I had43. What really worries us is ______ the explorers can accurately locate themselves with thedevice in case of bad weather.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. whether44. Upon graduation from school, how well will you ______ the job that lies ahead?A. prepareB. prepare forC. be prepared forD. be preparing45. Lots of people were repo rted______ in the earthquake, but so far we haven’t found out theexact number yet.A. to dieB. to be dyingC. deadD. to have been dead46. The dress is nice but she doesn’t like the ______ on the material.A. shapeB. patternC. sizeD. modelSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlyspread of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened __47__. As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the __48__ of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution __49__ up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, however, that the __50__ of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately __51__. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as __52__, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing. It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the __53__ within which we now live. The communications revolution has __54__ both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial views about its economic, polit ical, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed __55__ “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.III. Reading Comprehension (68%)Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.ACompetition is a common phenomenon in our social life. We compete when we play games and when we try to do better than others in our study. There is constant competition for academic degrees, jobs, customers, money and so forth. In a sense, __56__ is one of the motive forces to the development of society.In the natural world, the weak will be replaced by the strong and the __57__ can live; therefore, the only way to survive is to be competitive. Growing in a competitive __58__ is important for a child because future adult life is difficult. Today, most people try to get good education through __59__ ways. The quality of people is rapidly increasing. Competition of finding a job is more violent than it used to be. The potentially successful job applicant has to be prepared in a stronger __60__ by gaining more __61__ and experience. In the sports contests, the strongest will come out as winners. In the business world, to __62__ your competitors, you must be better than the other employees. In fact, the only way our world __63__ people is to give laurels to the winners, not to the losers. What is more, by attempting to compete at different activities, we learn to win and lose, gain experience and know our strengths and __64__.To go ahead, to acquire possessions, we should be competitive. To us, industriousness and ambition are positive values. Whether in games, in study or in business, the aim is to win the game, the degree, the trophy, and the contract. Learning to be __65__ is clearly the best preparation for the tough life.56. A. science B. commerce C. education D. competition57. A. fittest B. top C.biggest D. best58. A. background B. environment C. atmosphere D. setting59. A. various B. uncountable C. numerous D. countless60. A. position B. point C. spot D. place61. A. requirements B. qualifications C. abilities D. conditions62. A. beat . B. hit C. blow D. fight63. A. returns . B. rewards C. benefits D. pays64. A. weaknesses B. defeats C. difficulties D. faults65. A. strong B. competitive C. confident D. academicBFor busy people, the idea of speed dating has really caught on in popularity. In a speed dating event, usually 8-10 __66__ go around from table to table, each spending 6-8 minutes at each one. From that, you may not know for sure if you want to __67__ something more with an individual, but, you will __68__ know if you don't want to.The first thing that you will realize about speed dating is that it makes you __69__. Unlike a bar, where you might get a whole evening to __70__ check a potential partner out and to see what they’ve got, when it comes to __71__, you know that you only have a certain amount of time to put your best foot forward there. You’ll find the other participants are __72__ of this and will put their best foot forward.An 8-minute speed dating will also give you a chance to see how someone __73__ under pressure. You may already know a little more about their __74__ if you find someone who can’t seem to make eye-contact. The best advice is to make eye contact, be open and direct. You’ll find that the __75__ time can make for some excellent opportunities to really shine, and there’s nothing like a deadline to make you more __76__! An important detail to keep in mind is that you will be __77__ to a dozen or more singles in a short time. Those who feel that there is an advantage in larger numbers will surely find this __78__.When you are looking for __79__, you may not want to do the long search, so think about speed dating and see what you can do to make sure that it works for you. __80__, give this excitingopportunity a try!66. A. lovers B. couples C youths D. singles67. A. learn B. have C. explore D. develop68. A. equally B. hardly C. definitely D. eventually69. A. chase B. hurry C. focus D. cheer70. A. constantly B. frequently C. occasionally D. unexpectedly71. A. making friends B. speed dating C. family planning D. home improving72. A. sick B. fond C. aware D. confident73. A. acts B. talks C. lives D. loves74. A. interest B. background C. intention D. personality75. A. spare B. limited C. appointed D. luxurious76. A. creative B. passive C. negative D. objective77. A. introduced B. devoted C. mentioned D. used78. A. demanding B. surprising C. convincing D. appealing79. A. fun B. love C. friendship D. adventure80. A. In a word B. As a result C. On the whole D. Believe it or notSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ATo learn English well you must learn about yourself. You must discover what your own special needs are in English. You should pick o ut what makes English different from your own language and concentrate on those parts. And above all, you should pick out your own personal weaknesses in English, pick out your own special problems, find out what mistakes you most often make and make a list of them.It will be best if, in your preparation, you can practise doing the various sorts of work you will be asked to do in examination. You should then make a careful note of any mistakes you make more than once. Count up how many times you make each mistake, and the mistake you make most oft en should be at the top of your list, the next most common in second place, and so on. For example, if your own language is Japanese, you may find the problem of articles comes at the top of your list. If you speak German, you may find using some of the conjunctions is your biggest problem. If your mother tongue is French, you find you are always having trouble with some of prepositions. And if Italian is your language, you may constantly forget to use a suitable pronoun when you should.But these are only examples of mistakes typical of certain languages. They may or may notbe your particular personal mistakes. As I say, these personal ones are the most important of all to discover.81. To learn English well the most important thing is to ______.A. learn about yourself as much as possibleB. discover your own special needs in the languageC. find out the difference between your own language and EnglishD. pick out your own personal weaknesses in English82. The writer advises the readers to ______ .A. spend as much time on English as possibleB. take examinations of various sortsC. find out their own problems in doing selected exercisesD. keep a notebook with the important languages points in it83. The first item on the list should be the mistake you make ______ .A. more than onceB. many timesC. most oftenD. very oftenBWednesday, May 30Gloria Steinem, author of “Revolution From Within” will discuss her book. 8 p.m. Public Library Park Branch. Further information: Susan Smith, 824-4120. ext. 2896.Thursday May 31Noon hour concert at Art Centre Music Hall featuring chamber music; Jana Skareski, composer. 12 : 30 p.m. Admission free.Archeology Open House at WLU. Displays of photographs and objects from Africa, Southwest Asia, the Old and New World; the university’s permanent collection. 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Archeology rooms, 202 Regina St. Exhibit continues until June 6.Friday, June 1Noon hour discussion with Arthur Read, Dean of Arts and Science, WI.U.Topic: “Universities in the 2000’s”. Public Library Mairt Branch. Details: 743-0271. Food and drinks available.Saturday, June 2Arts Lecture Series with Dr. Mary Malone, Religious Studies, St. Jerome’s College.Topic: “Woman and Religion”. 9 : 30 a.m. Humanities Theatre. Details: 884-8110.Chamber Music Concert at WLU performed by music students of WLU. 8 p. m. Art Centre Music Hall. Admission: $ 6 adults; seniors and WLU students and staff member $ 3; High school and primary pupils, free.Sunday, June 3University of Waterloo 2001 Campus Day featuring Chem istry Magic Show, animal show, fashion show, square dancing and more. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Biology & Chemistry Block, WLU Campus. Further details: 824-4120, ext. 8366.Monday, June 4Slide/Video Presentation featuring Hong Kong, Macao and Singapore. Sponsored by International Graduate Students Committee (IGSC). All graduates welcome; free. 5 : 00~8 : 00 p.m. Humanities Theatre. Free snacks provided.Tuesday, June 5Quick Questions. Drop in to see Ms. Barb Riley, who can answer your brief career or job-related questions. 1 to 4 p. m. Career Services. Public Library Main Branch: For information call ext. 3001.84. Rosa’s parents are both WLU professors. They are going to see Rosa perform on Saturday evening together with her grandpa and her 15-year-old sister. How much will the family pay forthe tickets?A. $12.B. $18.C. $15.D. $9.85. Nick is eager to find a good job after graduation. From whom can he get some information?A. Gloria Steinem.B. Ms. Barb Riley.C. Jana Skareski.D. Arthur Read or Mary Malone.86. When are you likely to meet quite a few graduates of Waterloo University?A. 5:00~8:00 p.m., Monday.B. 9:30 a.m., June 2.C. 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., Thursday.D. 12:00~1:00, June 1.87. If you are interested in all the activities and lectures at weekend, how many places can you go at most?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.COne often hears that children should arrive at school “ready to learn.” For most children, the acquisition of reading and math skills starts in the first grade. In states where kindergarten is compulsory, it begins even earlier.Many parents, teachers, and politicians maintain that preschool is the best way to prepare children to learn. There is no real consensus, however, about how this preparation should be achieved.For some, early childhood education relates to the development of the whole child. They think that preschool should encou rage exploration and discovery. Group activities teach positive social behaviors such as sharing, kindness, and patience. Time spent alone encourages independence. Learning letters and counting is important only for children who show an interest in them. Advocates of this approach stress that each child is unique and should learn at his or her own pace. Other people refer to research showing that children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4. They claim that early introduction to letters and numbers lays the foundation for later academic excellence. Since the 1980s, many people have stressed the value of preschool an d point to the success of programs -such as Head Start - that target low-income children.Is there proof that an academic curric ulum in preschool will lead to academic success? Studies have not been conclusive. In the short term, evidence suggests that middle-class children who attend preschool are ahead of their peers in maths and language skills as well as in social skills, when they enter school. However, the same studies show that the gap narrows considerably by the time children reach age 8.Children living in poverty are a different matter. Those enrolled in programs such as Head Start seem to do better than impoverished children who do not attend a preschool. For instance, youngsters in one group enrolled in the program, tracked until the age of 21, earned higher scores on intelligence tests, were more likely to graduate from high school, and demonstrated more interest in higher education.The idea of public preschool raises many issues. Providing Head Start for all children would bea financial burden on communities that already struggle to fund current school programs. Also, where would a sufficient number of teachers trained in early childhood development be found?88. Advocates of the development of the whole child believe school readiness is______ .A. showing eagerness in exploration and discoveryB. learning basic skills, such as knowing letters and countingC. showing great interest in basic academic conceptsD. demonstration of intellectual , social and emotional skills89. According to the passage, Head Start is most probably______ .A. a preschool program that supports disabled childrenB. a program that helps impoverished children attend a schoolC. an organization that aims to improve current school programsD. a program that helps design the academic curriculum in preschool90. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Preschool benefits middle-class children more than poor children.B. Most children start school with similar language and social skills.C. Providing Head Start for all children has encountered great difficulties.D. All children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4.91. Which of the following may best summarize the main idea of the passage?A. An academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success.B. Preshool is helpful, despite the disagreement about what it should offer.C. Children enrolled in preschool demonstrate more interest in learning.D. Preschool education shouldn't be a financial burden on communities.DIn general, it seems reasonable to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet to noise. And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside bec ause it was initially “too quiet”, an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels. Research supports this view. For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise. The noise was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as control subjects who were not exposed to noise. Their physiological react ions also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example, high noise levels affect the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of a plane pilot or an air-traffic controller. Similarly, noise did not affect a subject’s ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but it did affect the subject’s ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelm and Glass 1970).Probably the most significant finding from the research on noise is that its predictability is more important than how loud it i s. We are much more able to “tune out” long-lasing background noise, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected disturbance of noise. In Glass and Singer’s study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they wor ked on atask, some subjects heard loud bursts and others heard soft bursts. For some subjects, the bursts were spaced exactly one minute apart (predictable noise); others heard the some amount of noise overall, but the bursts occurred at random intervals (unpredictable noise). Subjects reported finding the predictable and unpredictable noise equally annoying, and all subjects performed at about the same level during the noise portion of the experiment. But the different noise conditions had quite different after-effects when the subjects were required to proofread written material under conditions of no noise. The study shows that the unpredictable noise produced more errors in the later proofreading task than predictable noise; and soft unpredictable noise actually produced slightly more errors on this task than the loud predictable noise.Apparently, unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable noise, but it takes a while for this fatigue to take its toll on performance.92. When talking abou t people’s difficulty in sleeping in the mountains, what can be inferred inthe passage?A.They usually do not prefer peace and quiet to noise.B.They may be exposed to short bursts of very strange sounds.C.They prefer to h ear a certain amount of noise while they sleep.D.They may not have adapted to a higher noise level in the city.93. What did Glass and Singer find in their noise experiment?A.Problem-solving is much easier under quiet conditions.B.Physiological reactions prevent the ability to work.C.Bursts of noise hardly disturb problem-solving in the long term.D.The physiological reactions of the control subjects declined quickly.94. Researchers discovered that high noise levels are not likely to affect the __________.A.successful performance of a single taskB.tasks of pilots or air traffic controllersC.ability to repeat numbers while tracking moving linesD.ability to monitor three dials at once95. What does “take its toll on performance” in the passage probably mean?A. Destroy the performance completely.B. Have a negative effect on the performance.C. Improve the performance greatly.D. Have a positive influence on the performance.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-AB for each96．__________Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand why people havepredispositions（易患某病倾向）to certain diseases．Knowing our genetic makeup can help us to judge whether or not we may be stricken by particular illness, such as cancer．Even before birth, we are able to do genetic screenings to determine what a child's genetic disorder will be．Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the more than 4,000 genetic diseases that affect human beings．97．__________The implications of this knowledge are astonishing. In addition to predicting genetic predisposition towards diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases．Millions of people already use genetically engineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and strokes （中风）. But with the research that is now being conducted, we may find cures to many more diseases．In the near future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential.98．__________Many people, however, are unwilling to accept the possibilities genetic research allowsFor example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is because they are afraid they will be discriminated against．Another problem is that many people do not want to discover their weakness．What if they learn that they have a disease for which there are no medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to know what they will die of?99．__________Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright when it comes to ethical（道德的）choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well known opponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough to experiment with genes and should not “play God” He asks, “Just because it can be done, does that mean it should be done?” He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same if parents select the traits of their children, and he questions the desirability of such a society．100．__________One of the fears expressed about genetic experimentation involves privacy. Already blood sample taken from patients in hospitals have been used for genetic research without the patients’ permission. Most people would agree that one’s health and genetic makeup are private concerns. But if insurance companies gain access to this information, it could have a large impact on insurance coverage or costs; if employers gain access to the information, it could have a large impact on hiring or promotion decisions. The possibilities for discrimination are obvious．Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 15 wordsCaring for animals, tutoring kids, helping seniors: V olunteer hours are more than a graduation must, they are life lessons.Vilma Sooknanan cleans cat cages, Max Carroll teaches children how to cook and Michael Rosenthal rolls wheelchairs at a hospital.What does this have to do with high school education?Everything.。

班级号________________ 学号______________ 姓名 课程名称 大学物理 成绩注意：（1）填空题空白处写上关键式子，可参考给分；计算题要列出必要的方程和解题的关键步骤；（2）不要将订书钉拆掉；（3）第四张是草稿纸。

一、填空题（共54分）1、（本小题4分）在双缝干涉实验中，若把一厚度为e 、折射率为n 的薄云母片覆盖在上面的缝上，中央明条纹将向 （填：上或下）移动；覆盖云母片后，两束相干光在原中央明纹O 处的光程差为 。

2、（本小题4分）一束波长为λ的单色光，从空气中垂直入射到折射率为n 的透明薄膜上，要使反射光得到加强，薄膜的最小厚度为 ；要使透射光得到加强，薄膜的最小厚度为 。

3、（本小题4分）用电子进行双缝干涉实验，已知垂直入射电子的动量大小为p ，缝间距为d ，缝到屏的距离为D （d D >>），则相邻暗条纹的距离为 。

4、（本小题4分）某金属产生光电效应的红限频率为0ν，当用频率为ν (0νν>)的单色光照射该金属时，从金属中逸出质量为m 的光电子的德布罗意波长为________________。

上 海 交 通 大 学 试 卷（物理144A 卷）（ 2009 至 2010 学年 第1学期 ）5、（本小题4分）用波长为λ下表面反射的光形成的牛顿环。

若使平凸透镜慢慢地竖直向上移动，当移过视场中某固定观测点的条纹数目等于n 时，平凸透镜向上移动的距离为 。

6、（本小题4分）从某激发态到基态，氢原子辐射波长为λ的光，其谱线宽度为λ∆，则氢原子处在该激发态上的平均寿命为 。

7、（本小题2分）一束白光垂直照射在一光栅上，在形成的同一级光栅光谱中，偏离中央明纹最远的是 （填紫光或红光）8、（本小题4分）氢原子的部分能级跃迁如图所示，在这些能级跃迁中，(1) 从n =______的能级跃迁到n =_____的能级时所发射的光子的波长最短；(2) 从n =______的能级跃迁到n =______的能级时所发射的光子的频率最小。

目录线性代数试卷（A）2004-06-16 (2)线性代数03－04学年第2学期期末考试参考答案 (8)线性代数试卷(A) 2003-12-31 (11)线性代数2003－2004学年度第1学期期末考试参考答案 (17)线性代数试卷(A) 2005-06-22 (20)线性代数（04－05－2）期末试卷（A）参考答案 (26)线性代数试卷(A) 2004-12-29 (30)线性代数（04－05－1）期末试卷（A）参考答案 (36)线性代数试卷（A卷）2006－06－21 (39)线性代数参考答案 (45)线性代数(B)试卷----A卷2006-1-4 (48)线性代数（B）（05－06－1）期末试卷（A）参考答案 (54)线性代数(C) 试卷----A卷2006-1-4 (57)线性代数（C）（05－06－1）期末试卷（A）参考答案 (63)上海交通大学线 性 代 数 试 卷（A ） 2004-06-16姓名____________班级___ _______学号______________得分一、选择题（每题3分，共15分） 1. 设n 阶行列式D =nija ，j i A 是D 中元素j i a 的代数余子式，则下列各式中正确的是 (A) 01=∑=ni ij ij A a ；(B) 01=∑=nj ij ij A a ；(C) D A a nj ij ij =∑=1；(D) D A a ni i i =∑=1212. n 阶实对称矩阵A 和B 相似的充分必要条件是(A) A 与B 都有n 个线性无关的特征向量； (B) )()(B r A r =；(C) A 和B 的主对角线上的元素的和相等； (D) A 与B 的n 个特征值都相等3. 设1α,2α,3α,4α是齐次线性方程组0=Ax 的一个基础解系，则下列向量组 中不再是0=Ax 的基础解系的为________________ (A) 1α,1α+2α,1α+2α+3α,1α+2α+3α+4α； (B) 1α+2α,2α+3α,3α+4α,4α-1α； (C) 1α+2α,2α-3α,3α+4α,4α+1α； (D) 1α+2α,2α+3α,3α+4α,4α+1α4. 设方程组⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++=--=++222513321321321x x x b x x x x x x 有无穷多组解，则必有_______________(A) b ＝1 (B) b ＝－1 (C) b ＝2 (D) b ＝－2 5. 设向量组[Ⅰ]是向量组[Ⅱ]的线性无关的部分向量组，则____ ___(A) 向量组[Ⅰ]是[Ⅱ]的极大线性无关组 (B) 向量组[Ⅰ]与[Ⅱ]的秩相等(C) 当[Ⅰ]中向量均可由[Ⅱ]线性表出时，向量组[Ⅰ]，[Ⅱ]等价 (D) 当[Ⅱ]中向量均可由[Ⅰ]线性表出时，向量组[Ⅰ]，[Ⅱ]等价 二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）1．设 1-，5，λ 是矩阵⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛----=120222023A 的特征值，则λ= ，A 对应三个特征值的特征向量是 ,且（选填；线性无关，线性相关，相互正交，相互不正交）2．设A 为n 阶可对角化矩阵,且n E A r <-)(,则A 必有特征值λ＝ ； 且其重数为 ，其对应的线性无关的特征向量有 个 3．已知实二次型),,(321x x x f = 31212322212232x x x x x x x ++++λ是正定二次型， 则参数λ的取值范围为4．设23A ⨯为矩阵，已知⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=0211ξ，⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=1032ξ都是齐次线性方程组0=AX 的解，则矩阵A ＝ （答案不唯一） 5．设A 为n 阶可逆阵，且E A A ||2=，则*A =三、计算题（每题9分，共54分）1. 试求行列式 ||A ，||B ，||C ，其中，A ，B 为 n 阶方阵⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+++=x x xA 111111111 ，⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=n B00020001，⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=00B A C2. 已知线性方程组⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++=-=+bx ax x x x x x 321312111，（1）常数b a ，取何值时，方程组有无穷多解、唯一解、无解？（2）当方程组有无穷多解时，求出其通解．3．设4阶方阵C B A ，，满足方程 11)2(--=-C A B C E T ，试求矩阵A ，其中1232120101230120,0012001200010001B C --⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪⎪-⎪⎪== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭4．求正交变换y Q x =，用此正交变换将以下实二次型化为标准形),,(321x x x f =121323222x x x x x x ++5．设34()2,A r A ⨯=为矩阵，且已知非齐次线性方程组 Ax b = 的三个解为1η＝⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-2011， 2η＝⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-4112， 3η＝⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-11354，求：(1) 齐次线性方程组0Ax =的通解；(2) 非齐次线性方程组Ax b =的通解6．设线性空间3R 中的向量组为1α=⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--221，2α=⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-031，3α=⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-601，4α=⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-283，1β=⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-210，2β=⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛--652（1）求由1α,2α,3α,4α生成的子空间L(1α,2α,3α,4α)的维数与一个基； （2）从1β,2β中选出属于L(1α,2α,3α,4α)的向量，并求出它们在（1）中所选的基下的坐标。

2013-2014学年《高等数学》第一学期期末考试解答(A 类)一、单项选择题(每小题3分，共15分)1. 已知直线1l ：21123x y z -+==--、2l ：3112x t y t z t =-⎧⎪=+⎨⎪=⎩及平面 π：27430x y z ++-=，则 ( )(A)1//l π；(B)1l π⊥；(C)2//l π；(D)12l l ⊥。

【解】1(1,2,3)s =-- ，2(3,1,2)s = ，(2,7,4)n = ， 1(1,2,3)(2,7,4)214120s n ⋅=--⋅=-+-= ， 答案：A 。

2. 当x →+∞大时，11e xx ⎛⎫+- ⎪⎝⎭是无穷小1x 的 ( ) (A)高阶无穷小； (B)低阶无穷小；(C)等价无穷小； (D)同阶但非等价无穷小。

【解】11ln(1)ln(1)111(1)x x x x x e e e e e x ++-⎛⎫+-=-=- ⎪⎝⎭ 1[ln(1)1]e x x +- 221111[(()(())1]2e x o x x x=-+- 1111[()]22e e o x x x=-⋅+-⋅ ， 答案：D 。

()1ln 10111e e lim lim 1xt t x t t e x x t x++→+∞→⎛⎫+-= ⎪-⎝⎭= ()()2001ln 11ln 1lim lim t t t t t t e e t t++→→+-+-== 0111lim 22t e t e t +→-+==-， 答案：D 。

3. 曲线e x y =与该曲线过原点的切线及y 轴所围成的平面图形的面积为 ( ) (A)10(ln ln )d y y y y -⎰； (B)10(e e )d x x x -⎰；(C)e 1(ln ln )d y y y y -⎰； (D)e0(e e )d x x x -⎰。

【分析】面积：0()a x A e dx =-⎰切线，答案在B ，D 中，(B)(D)：k e =，切点：1x =，(B) OK, 答案：B 。

一、选择填空：（每题2分，共20分）1．已知各变量的类型说明如下：int a = 0;double x = 1.42;char ch;则以下不符合C++语言语法的表达式是A、a += 0x123fdB、x = 12e-8C、ch = “y”D、ch = ‘\0’2．函数：void f(int i){int j;for(j=0; j<20; j++)i++;}当f执行完退出后，i的值为____ ______A、 12B、无定义C、 40D、 243. 取出无符号整型变量n的个位数的表达式是A、n % 10B、n / 10C、n/10+’\0’D、n%10+‘0’4．一个文件中的全局变量，如果不允许其他的文件引用，则需要在声明时加上关键词。

A、autoB、registerC、externD、static5．在循环单链表中，head指向头结点，设P为指向结点的指针，则判断P为尾结点的条件是。

A、P==NULLB、p->next==NULLC、p->next==headD、p==head6. 关于抽象类，以下哪个说法是正确的？。

A、有私有的成员函数B、有虚成员函数C、有纯虚成员函数D、可以声明抽象类的对象7．下面关于类模板的哪个说法是正确的？ A 、是模板类的实例化B 、类模板的每个成员函数都是函数模板C 、类模板的每个成员函数都是模板函数D 、类模板一定含有虚函数8．假定A 为一个类，则执行 “A a[2], *p[4]，b=4，c=b ;”语句时共调用了 次该类的构造函数。

A 、3B 、5C 、4D 、99. 对友元（friend ）正确的描述是： 。

A 、 友元关系是对称关系。

B 、 友元声明只能出现在public 部分。

C 、 类的友元函数必须在类的作用域以外被定义。

D 、 一个类的部分成员函数或者整个类都可以声明为另一个类的友元。

10. 在随机读取文件中，读指针和写指针可以利用函数来调节指向的位置，其中seekg （2）的含义为： 。

高等有机化学（2005年）一、（15 分）（1）什么是金属有机化合物？（2）举例说明金属有机化合物作为反应试剂和催化剂在有机合成上的应用。

二、（15分）什么是手性化合物？什么是金属催化不对称反应？简要阐述手性化合物及金属催化不对称反应的重耍性？三、（15分）简述饱和碳原子单分子亲核取代反应（S N1）和双分子亲核取代反应（S N2）的反应机理和产物的立体化学特征。

四、（20分）举出四种有机反应活性屮间体及其杂化轨道构世。

五、（15分）简述绿色化学的定义及其重要意义。

六、（15分）天然产物化学的定义，方向和总义。

七、（15分）（1）简述有机化学中常用的分离方法和原理？（2）有机化合物结构鉴定和纯度测定生要有哪些方法。

高等有机化学（2006年）一、（10分，每个1分）根据卜•列15个化合物的缩写写出其结构，中英文全称，自选十个即可DMF,DMSQ EDTA. HMPA, THF, LDA, BINAP二、（10分）简述绿色化学的定义及其重要意义。

三、（15分）简述饱和碳原子单分子亲核収代反应（S N1）和双分子亲核収代反应（S N2）的反应机理和产物的立体化学特征。

四、（2（）分）举出四种有机反应活性中间体及其杂化轨道构型。

五、（20分）写出脂肪酸酯在酸碱催化下的水解机理。

六、简述七、简述高等有机化学（2007年）r （15分，每个1・5分）根据下列10个化合物的缩写写出其结构，中英文全称，口选十个即可DMF,DN4SO, THE TMEBA. LDA, BINAP（20分）举出四种冇机反应活性中间体及其杂化轨道构型。

（15分）简述我国在建国半个多世纪以來在化学领域取得的主要成就和車人意义。

四、（15分）简述芳环上的亲核収代反应的机理。

五、（20分）简述2005年诺贝尔化学奖的主要成果和遼大意义。

高等有机化学（2008年）—＞（15分，每个1分）根据下列15个化合物的缩写写出其结构，中英文全称,自选十个即可BINAP, BINOL, DMF, DMSO, EDTA, THE TFA、LDA. TBAB, TMEDA, bipy, NBS, LDH, TEBA二、（15分）冇机化沖屮常用的纯化方法冇哪些？常用的结构鉴定和纯度测定方法冇哪些？三、（15分）（1）手性化合物指的是什么？手型化合物可以分为哪儿类？（2）阐述手型化合物的重要性。