第二次作业第一题

《现代企业管理方法》第二次作业一、单项选择题（每题给出4个选项，其中一个是正确的。

）1．最早给控制下定义的是（ A ），他认为：在一个企业中，控制就是核实所发生的每一件事是否符合所规定的计划、所发布的指示以及所确定的原则。

A、法约尔B、泰罗C、孔茨D、韦伯2．控制的整体性特征是指（C ）。

A、控制应能迅速适应外部环境的变化B、控制主要是对组织中人的控制C、控制是全体成员的工作，对象包括组织的各个方面D、控制不仅仅是监督，更重要的是指导、帮助以及员工的参与3．（ D ）存在的最大弊端是在实施矫正措施之前偏差已经发生了。

A、监督控制B、前馈控制C、现场控制D、反馈控制4．下列控制标准中，不属于货币控制标准的是（ A ）。

A、实物标准B、价值标准C、成本标准D、收益标准5．根据设计的生产能力确定机器的产出标准属于（B ）。

A、统计标准B、经验标准C、定性标准D、工程标准6．科学管理之父泰罗首创的通过动作研究确定生产定额的方法是（ B ）的早期形式。

A、统计方法B、工业工程法C、经验估计法D、德尔非法7．在控制的过程中，（ C ）是控制的关键。

A、制定控制标准B、衡量工作绩效C、纠正偏差D、制定控制计划8．被许多公司称为“走动管理”的管理控制方法是（B ）。

A、报告法B、现场观察法C、内部审计D、比率分析法9．在人力资源管理中，员工被认为是（ D ）。

A、企业重要的费用支出B、和机器一样的生产要素C、企业沉重的负担D、有价值的、难以模仿的资源10．需要工作分析人员亲自从事所要分析的工作，以获得第一手资料的工作分析法是（A ）A、工作实践法B、观察法C、面谈法D、写实法11．在绘制技能管理图时，首次资料收集一般采用（C ）A、实践法B、日志法C、问卷法D、观察法12．某企业预计明年的销售量会大幅增加，根据统计，以前的人均销售额为每人500件产品，年销售5000件，预计明年将达到年销售12000件，销售部门设两个管理层次，管理幅度为5人，那么销售部门总共需要（ A ）人员A、30B、24C、29D、2513．企业获得初级技术人员和管理人员的最重要的途径是（ B ）A、劳务市场招聘B、校园招聘C、猎头公司招聘D、再就业中心14．适合于挑选管理人员的甄选方法是（ C ）A、申请表B、工作抽样C、测评中心D、履历调查15．在开发分析能力、综合能力和评价能力时，（ C ）比较合适。

应用系统测试-第二次作业答案应用系统测试-第二次作业题第一题：选择题，单选或多选1 ．软件实施活动的进入准则描述不正确的是：（ D ）A ．需求工件已经被基线化B ．详细设计工件已经被基线化C ．构架工件已经被基线化D ．项目阶段成果已经被基线化2.软件可靠性是指在指定的条件下使用时，软件产品维持规定的性能级别的能力，其子特性（C ）是指在软件发生故障或者违反指定接口的情况下，软件产品维持规定的性能级别的能力。

A．成熟性； B．易恢复性； C．容错性； D．可靠性依从性3.关于软件质量的描述，正确的是__C___A．软件质量是指软件满足规定用户需求的能力；B．软件质量保证过程就是软件测试过程；C．软件质量特性是指软件的功能性、可靠性、易用性、效率、可维护性、可移植性；D．以上描述都不对4.下列关于软件验收测试的合格通过准则错误的是：__C__A．软件需求分析说明书中定义的所有功能已全部实现，性能指标全部达到要求；B．所有测试项没有残余一级、二级和三级错误；C．立项审批表、需求分析文档、设计文档和编码实现不一致；D．验收测试工件齐全5.下列关于文档测试描述错误的是__A___A．文档测试主要检查文档的正确性、完备性、可理解性、可操作性和易维护性；B．正确性是指不要把软件的功能和操作写错，也不允许文档内容前后矛盾；C．完备性是指文档不可以“虎头蛇尾”，更不许漏掉关键内容。

有些学生在证明数学题时，喜欢用“显然”两字蒙混过关。

文档中很多内容对开发者可能是“显然”的，但对用户而言不见得都是“显然”的；D．文档不可以写成散文、诗歌或者侦探、言情小说，要让大众用户看得懂，能理解6.以下关于集成测试的内容正确的有__D____①集成测试也叫组装测试或者联合测试；②在把各个模块连接起来的时候，穿越模块接口的数据是否会丢失；③一个模块的功能是否会对另一个模块的功能产生不利的影响；④各个子功能组合起来，能否达到预期要求的父功能；⑤全局数据结构是否有问题；⑥单个模块的误差累积起来，是否会放大，从而达到不能接受的程度；A．①②④⑤⑥B．②③④⑤⑥C．①②③⑤⑥ D．以上全部正确7.使用软件测试工具的目的描述错误的是：（ ABCD ）A、帮助测试寻找问题B、协助问题的诊断C、节省测试时间D、更好的协助开发人员8.典型的瀑布模型的四个阶段是：（ ABCD ）A、分析B、设计C、编码D、测试E、需求调研F、实施第二题：填空题1.黑盒测试的测试用例设计方法包括边界值分析、等价类测试、决策表、因果图、错误推测。

第2次作业一、单项选择题（本大题共40分，共20小题，每小题2分）1.设备驱动程序负责接收和分析从设备分配转来的信息以及设备控制块等内容。

（）不是设备驱动程序的功能。

A.根据请求传送的数据量，组织I/O缓冲队列B.利用T/0缓冲，对数据进行加工C.启动设备进行I/O操作D.I/O设备中断处理2.解决死锁的途径是（）A.立即关机排除故障B.立即关机再重新开机C.不要共享资源，增加独占资源D.运行检测程序并恢复系统3.吋间片一般应用于（）。

是A.批处理操作系统B.分时操作系统C.实时操作系统D.以上都不是4.磁带上的文件一般只能（）A・随机存取B•顺序存取C.直接存取D.以字节为单位存取5.下面关于临界区概念论述正确的是：（）A.临界区是指进程中用于实现进程互斥的那段程序代码氏临界区是指进程中用于实现进程同步的那段程序代码C.临界区是指进程中用于实现进程通信的那段程序代码D.临界区是指进程中用于访问公用数据（临界资源）的那段程序代码6.配置了操作系统的计算机是一台比原来的物理计算机功能更强的计算机，这样的计算机只是一台逻辑上的计算机，称为（）计算机。

A.并行B.真实C.虚拟D.共享7.内存和外存容量之和与虚拟存储器容量相比其大小关系是（）A.前者比后者大B.前者比后者小C.二者相等D.不一定8.把独占性设备改造成能为若干个用户共享的设备，这种设备称为（）A.存储设备B.系统设备C ・用户设备D.虚拟设备9. 为实现对缓冲区buf 访问的同步，下叙述中正确的是A. 读进程从buf 中读出数据前，应用对写进程信号量进行P 操作；B. 读进程从buf 中读出数据前，应用对写进程信号量进行V 操作；C. 读进程从buf 中读岀数据后，应用对写进程信号量进行P 操作；D. 读进程从buf 屮读出数据后，应用对写进程信号量进行V 操作；10.（）大多用于对信息的及时性要求比较严格并且很少会对所有数据进行 处理的应用程序中。

第1部分命题逻辑一、单项选择题1. 下列哪个语句是真命题( )。

(A)我正在说谎(B)如果1+2 = 3,则雪是黑色的(C)如果1+2 = 5,则雪是黑色的(D)上网了吗2 .命题公式为P > (Q > P)( )。

(A)重言式(B)可满足式(C)矛盾式(D)等值式3. 设命题公式P (Q厂P),记作G,则使G的真值指派为1的P, Q 的取值是( )。

(A) (0,0) (B) (0,1) (C) (1,0) (D) (1,1)4. 与命题公式P > (Q > R)等值的公式是( )。

(A) (P Q) > R (B)(P Qp R (C)(P > Q) > R (D)P》(Q R)5 .命题公式(P Q) > P是( )。

(A)永真式(B)永假式(C)可满足式(D)合取范式二、填空题1. ____________________________________________ P, Q为两个命题，当且仅当 _________________________________________ 时，P Q的真值为1,当且仅当_______________________ 时，P Q的真值为0。

2. 给定两个命题公式A, B,若 ________________________________ 时，则称A和B是等值的，记为A= B。

3. ________________________________ 任意两个不同极小项的合取为_______ 式。

4 .设P:天下雨，Q:我们去郊游。

贝S⑴命题如果天不下雨，我们就去郊游”可符号化为_______ 。

第1页(共16页)⑵命题只有天不下雨，我们才去郊游”可符号化为_______ 。

⑶命题我们去郊游，仅当天不下雨”可符号化为_________ 。

5 .设命题公式G = P (-Q R),则使G取真值为1的指派6. 已知命题公式为G = (-P Q) > R,则命题公式G的析取范式是三、计算题1.将下列命题符号化：⑴ 李强不是不聪明，而是不用功；⑵ 如果天不下雨，我们就去郊游；⑶ 只有不下雨，我们才去郊游。

第2次作业一、单项选择题（本大题共30分，共 30 小题，每小题 1 分）1. 采用( )，是将各步骤所耗半成品费用，按照成本项目分项转入各步骤产品成本明细账的各个成本项目中。

A. 综合结转分步法B. 分项结转分步法C. 平行结转分步法D. 逐步结转分步法2. 实际发生的应付福利费，应由( )开支。

A. 管理费用B. 应付工资C. 计提的应付福利费D. 银行存款3. ( )，只宜在各辅助生产车间、部门之间相互受益程度有着明显顺序的企业中采用。

A. 代数分配法B. 直接分配法C. 交互分配法D. 顺序分配法4. 在产品按完工产品计算法适用于( )。

A. 月末在产品数量很小B. 项费用所占比重不大C. 月末在产品全部完工D. 月末在产品已经接近完工或者已经完工，只是尚末包装或尚未验收入库的产品。

5. 工业企业各种成本报表分析都需要采用的方法是( )。

A. 趋势分析法B. 对比分析法C. 连环替代分析法D. 差额计算分析法6. 可修复废品的废品损失是指( )。

A. 返修前发生的原材料费用B. 返修前发生的制造费用C. 返修后发生的修理费用D. 返修前发生的生产费用加上返修后发生的修理费用7. 采用按实际成本综合结转分步法时，( )，应根据所耗半成品的数量乘以半成品的实际单位成本计算。

A. 各步骤所耗上一步骤的半成品费用B. 上一步骤所产的半成品成本C. 产成品所耗上一步骤半成品费用D. 下一步骤所领用的半成品费用8. 狭义的在产品只包括该车间或该车间步骤正在加工中的那部分( )A. 在产品B. 半成品C. 产成品D. 对外销售的自制半成品9. ( )，是在生产费用发生的当时，就将符合定额的费用和发生的差异分别核算，月末在定2额成本的基础上加减各种成本差异，计算产品实际成本的一种方法。

A. 定额比例法B. 在产品按定额成本计价法C. 定额法D. 分类法10. 划分产品成本计算的基本方法和辅助方法的标准是( )A. 对成本管理作用的大小B. 成本计算是否及时C. 成本计算工作的难易程度D. 对于计算产品实际成本是否必要11. “材料采购”科目的( )反映已采购但尚未验收的在途材料实际成本。

2022年春季学期学前儿童发展心理学第二次平时作业-1
一、单选题（共5题，共20分）
得分：20分
1、下列不是儿童自我中心语言范畴的是（）。

A :
重复
B :
独白
C :
双人或集体独白
D :
命令
【正确答案】：D
2、（）岁为语音发展的飞跃期。

A :
1-2岁
B :
2-3岁
C :
3-4岁
D :
4-5岁
【正确答案】：C
3、关于幼儿记忆不正确的说法是（）。

A :
记得快忘得也快
B :
容易混淆
C :
语词记忆占优势
D :
机械识记为主
【正确答案】：C
4、在（）的孩子已经明白成人不在视野范围内后还会继续出现。

A :
无分化阶段
B :
低分化阶段
C :
依恋形成阶段。

D :
修正目标的合作阶段
【正确答案】：C
5、随着认知和言语水平的提高，儿童的自我中心减少，能从母亲的角度看问题，这一阶段。

第2次作业一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共5小题，每小题20分） 1.Prehistoric men and women enjoyed a more varied diet than people do now, since they ate species of plant and several hundreds thousands types of living things. But only a tiny percentage of these were ever domesticated. Modern shops have hastened a trend towards specialization which began in the earliest days of agriculture. The food of the rich countries has become cheaper relative to wages. It is speedily distributed in supermarkets. But the choice annually becomes less and less great. Even individual foods themselves become more standardized. We live in theworld of carrot specially blunted in order to avoid making a hole in the bag, and the tomato grown to meet a demand for a standard weight of weighting tomatoes to a kilo. Siri von Reis asks: "Only the three major cereals (谷物类食物)and perhaps ten other widely cultivated species stand between famine and survival for the world" s human population and a handful of drug plants has served Western civilization for several thousand years. A rather obvious question arises: Are we missing something?” After all, there are 800 000 species of plant on earth.(1). Tn prehistoric times people.A.ate much more than we do todayB.lived mainly on plant foodC.had a wide-ranging dietD.were more fussy about what they ate(2).Most of us have come to expectA.no variation in our dietB. a reduction in food suppliesC. a specialist dietD.food conforming to a set standard(3). The specialization of food was started byA .B . the emergence of supermarkets the rise of agriculture the rich countries the modern shops （4）.According to the passage, people in the West today survive on.A.carrots and tomatoesB.several thousand types of plants and cerealsc.a very small number of cultivated foodsD. special species planted one thousand years ago（5）. The conclusion seems to be that we.A.could make use of more natural speciesB.don't cultivate the right kind of foodc.produce more food than we needD.cultivate too many different species2.human body is distributed （分布）in two different ways. Some fat people have a large chest and no waistline（腰身），looking rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, looking more like pears.Doctors in Cambridge, England have been examining the relationship between health and fat （脂肪）distribution. They find that the pear- shaped fat people have fewer problems than the apple-shaped fat people. What seems to be most important is not how much fat you have but where you have it. The doctors measured the apple-shaped women and peai，--shaped women with X-ray scanners （X 光扫描器）.Human beingshave two types of fat:one is outside fat, that is the fat below the skin, and the other is inside fat that lies inside the body. Using the X-ray scanners, the doctors found that the “apples” have a large amoun t of inside fat.Tf this inside fat is much more than outside fat, it wi11 probably cause heal th problems such as obesi ty (月巴月半症). The best treatment for obesity is to reduce the inside fat. But unfortunately diet treatment (饮食疗法)simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no effective way of reducing the inside fat.(1).According to the relation between heal th and fatnessA.apple-shaped fat people have fewer problems than pear-shaped peopleB.it' s better to be apple-shaped than to be pear-shapedc.it' s better to be pear-shaped than to be apple-shapedD. fatness is the most dangerous enemy to health(2). The most important thing about fat people seems to beA.the amount of fat they haveB.the knowledge of which typo of the fat people they belong toC.the amount of the outside fat they haveD.the place where they have the fat(3).The basic reason why some people suffer from obesity is that •A.they take very little exercise every dayB.they have much more inside fat than is neededc.they are examined by X-ray scanners quite oftenD.they eat too much(4).According to what is mentioned in the passage, the best treatment for obesity at present is .A.to reduce the amount of food and drinksB.to make the body shape smallerC.already known to those people in troubleD.still to be found.3.University of Arizona researcher Dr. William Rathji says that after a study based on looking into garbage cans, the average family wastes at least $150 per year in food."Homemakers go out of their way to save pennies at the store and thendon't real ize that waste of edible （可食用的）foods adds up much moreat homo," said Dr. Rathji. He was one of about 100 food experts who metin Boise for a conference on food waste and ways to prevent it.American families throw out between 8% and 20% of edible food at a costof $4. 5 billion per year. That" s almost as much as the federal government spends every year for food stamps and child nutrition programs.He found that food items which are costly and in short supply tend to be wasted more. During the 1973 meat shortage, meat waste increased to 9%, compared with 3% in 1974 and 1975. Sugar and sugar products waste jumped to 19% in 1975, when sugar prices doubled from the previous year.Dr. Rathji theorizes that high prices force consumers to experiment, sometimes buy in large quantities. In the case of meat, sometimes low-priced cuts for unappetizing varieties are purchased, consumers then tend to waste more.Ilis theory is that the more variety in food bought, the more wasted. Regular bread is wasted at about a 10% rate, but specialty breads and rolls are wasted at a 20% rate.If people are eating the same thing every day, they learn how to manage it. But if you" re trying to pull something out of the cookbook every night, that's bound to be some waste.Another finding is that lower income families waste less food than middle and upper income families. And the study found that dog food, which accounts for 8% of a shopping cart, is rarely wasted. Fresh produce and frozen items arc more likely to be wasted.The study also showed people with the most knowledge of safe, edible food waste the least. Much food is tossed out because a homemaker suspects it is spoiled when it is not.(1).Large quantities of food are thrown out because a homemaker.A.thinks they are not deliciousB.says they taste bitter and hotC.thinks they smell badD.suspects they are spoiled when they are not(2).American families throw out between of edible food every year.A.5%〜8%B.8%-10%B.20%〜28%D.8%—20%(3).When sugar prices doubled, waste of sugar.A.went downB.went upc.stayed the sameD. was cut in half(4).Which of the following statements is true?A.American housewives are not good homemakers.B.Upper-income families are more wasteful than lower-income ones.c.American families throw away almost as much food as they consume.D.Americans waste a great deal of dog food.（5）.When do American families waste more food?A.When prices arc high.B.When food is scarce.c.When they think it is spoiled.D. Al 1 of the above.4.Harvard University named historian Drew Gilpin Faust as its first female president on Sunday, ending a lengthy and secretive search to find a successor （接任者）to Lawrence Summers .The seven-member Harvard Corporation elected Faust, a noted scholar on History of the American South and dean of Harvards Radcliffe Institutefor Advanced Study, as the university' s 28th president.“This is a great day, and a historic day for Harvard. ” James R. Houghton, chairman of the presidential search committee, said in a statement. "Drew Faust is an inspiring and accomplished leader, a superb scholar, a dedicated （献身的）teacher, and a wonderful human being."Her selection is noteworthy given the heated debates over Summers' comments that genetic differences between the sexes might help explain the lack of women in top science jobs.Faust has been dean of Radcliffe since 2001, two years after the former women" s college was combined into the university as a research center with a mission to study gender issues（性另ij问题）.Some professors have quietly groused that the 371-year-old university is appointing a fifth president who is not a scientist. No scientist has had the top job since James Bryant Conant retired in 1953; its last four have come from the fields of classics, 1aw, literature and economics.Faust is the first Harvard president who did not receive a degree from the university since Charles Chauncy, a graduate of Cambridge University, who died in office in 1762. She attended the University of Pennsylvania.“Teaching staff turned to her constantly. ” said Sheldon Hackney, a former president of the University of Pennsylvania and historian who worked closely with Faust. "She' s very clear. She has a sense of humor, but she' s very strong-minded. You come to trust in her because she' s so solid."(1).Which is NOT true about Drew Gilpin Faust?A.She is the 28th president of Harvard University.B.She is a famous scholar from the American South.c.She isn' t a graduate from Harvard University.D.She was head of Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.(2).Lawrence Summers held the view that .A.women cannot achieve as much as men in management B.women cannot hold important positions in society c.women can match men in science jobsD.few women make top scientists owing to genes (3).Which might be the best title for the passage? A.Harvard named its 1st female president.B.History of Harvard University changed.c.Debates on female equality ended.D.Drew GiIpin Faust, a famous woman historian.（4）.This passage probably appears in a .A.biographyB.personal letterc.research paperD.newspaper report5.Jessica Alba rebelled（叛离）from her "strict" parents when she was just five. The 29-year-old actress admits her Catholic （天主教）education made her want to "break away" from her mother Catherine and father Mark.She explained: 〃It‘s always been weird（古怪的）because I grew up in a very traditional, Catholic household. Nly parents were very strict but 1 broke away from that at an early age. 1 was a feminist （女权主义者）when 1 was five. These days, 1 am much more independent but 1 still respect their beliefs.，zAs Jessica has grown older she has learnt to accept her parents' views, but still considers herself an independent woman.Tn her latest film 'Machete' Jessica gets to stab（刺）a love rival in the eye with her stiletto heels （鞋后世艮），something she thoroughlyenjoyed.She said: "Walking in 3in heels wasn't as much fun as putting one in someone's eye. It was 104 degrees where we were shooting in Texas and they were not comfortable.Jessica - who has a two-year-old daughter Honor with husband Cash Warren - is regularly referred to as one of the world，s most beautiful women, but she docsn't think of herself as 〃sexy〃.She added in an interview with the Metro newspaper: 〃1 don't really pay attention to that sexy image. It just goes with the character in the movie. At the end of the day, it's all a part of selling a product. 〃(1).Jessica Alba called herself feminist because .A.she didn' t like living with her parentsB.she was brought up in a very poor familyc.she was often against her parentsD.she refused the training and education during her childhood by her parents(2).From this passage we know that .A.Jessica is a very cruel woman who enjoys hurting others B.Jessica acted strangely in her chi 1drenc.Jessica" s parents believe in CatholicD.Jessica rebelled her family because she hated Catholic (3).This passage is mainly about .A.a rebellious movie star JessicaB.a weird womanc.an interview with a newspaperD.a rebellious heart(4).Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?A.Although she is a rebellious woman, she still respects her parents beliefsB.She likes her characters in the moviec.She cares more about her sexy image because she is very proud of her beautyD.She got married and has a daughter.答案：一、阅读理解（100分，共5题，每小题20分）(1). C (2). D (3). B (4).2.(1). A (2). D (3). D (4).3.(1). D (2). D (3). B (4).4.(1). B (2). D (3). A (4).5. C (5). A CB (5). D D。