国家开放大学《阅读与写作(1)》形考作业参考答案

英语阅读（1）一、单选题1. On average, a successful lawyer has to talk to several ________ a day.A.customersB.clientsC.guests正确答案: B2.Our house is about a mile from the railway station and there are not many houses __________.A.in betweenB.fall apartC.among them正确答案: A3.With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ________ he was a man of action.A.whichB.thatC.what正确答案: B4.It is said that _______ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball.A.quite a littleB.quite a lotC.quite a few正确答案: C5. The new order means _______ overtime.A.workingB.to workC.works正确答案: A6.Neither John _______ his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.A.orB.butC.nor正确答案: C7. Today's weather is ________ worse than yesterday's.A.veryB.very muchC.much正确答案: C8.The atmosphere ________ certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.pose ofB.is made upC.consists of正确答案: C9.They have learned about __________ in recent years.A.hundreds of English wordsB.hundred of English wordsC.several hundreds English words正确答案: A10.Nancy is ________ girl.A.an eighteen-year-oldB.a eighteen-years-oldC.an eighteen-years-old正确答案: A11.Harry, who had failed in the final exam, had a great worry ________ his mind.A.inB.onC.with正确答案: B12. I don't know the park, but it's _________ to be quite beautiful.A.toldB.saidC.spoken正确答案: B13.You shouldn't ________ your time like that, Bob; you have to finish your school work tonight.A.killB.doC.cut正确答案: A14._________ the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony.A.BeforeB.InC.At正确答案: A15.No matter _________, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.A.it was snowingB.how hard it was snowingC.hard it was snowing正确答案: B16.The student were all entertained in a Mexican restaurant, at Professor Brian's ________.A.moneyB.payC.expense正确答案: C17.Had you come five minutes earlier, you _________ the train to Birmingham. But now you missed it.A.would have caughtB.would catchC.could catch正确答案: A18.Every year thousands of lives ________ in road accidents because of careless driving.A.are lostB.lostC.have lost正确答案: A19. Professor Smith promised to look ________ my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defence.A.afterB.onC.over正确答案: C20.John's father _________ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard University.A.teachesB.has taughtC.taught正确答案: B二、判断题1.We invite qualified, highly motivated and self-driven individuals who are looking for long-term career opportunities to join our dynamic team.译文：我们诚邀有能力、有上进心和自我激励的人士加入我们充满活力的团队，共谋发展。

国家开放大学《中国现当代文学名著导读（1）》形考任务1-4参考答案形考任务11、《在酒楼上》选自鲁迅的小说集____。

A. 《彷徨》B. 《朝花夕拾》C. 《呐喊》D. 《故事新编》2、《铸剑》中的眉间尺对老鼠忽憎忽怜，说明他的性情____A. 优柔B. 刚愎C. 大度D. 胆怯3、周作人说“这是最富鲁迅气氛的小说”是指____A. 《铸剑》B. 《狂人日记》C. 《阿Q正传》D. 《在酒楼上》4、废名被认为是____的鼻祖。

A. 新月派B. 京派C. 京味D. 海派5、____是废名在抗战后写的长篇，此时作者已宣称不写小说，碍于约稿而写。

A. 《莫须有先生坐飞机以后》B. 《莫须有先生传》C. 《河上柳》D. 《桥》6、“1933年在将来的中国文学史上，没有疑问的要记录《子夜》的出版。

”这句话是____对《子夜》的高度评价。

A. 鲁迅B. 瞿秋白C. 郭沬若D. 胡适7、都属于《子夜》中的人物的一组是____A. 吴荪甫、赵伯韬、吴老太爷、陆匡时、雷参谋长、杜学诗B. 吴荪甫、赵伯韬、周仲伟、林佩珊、李文亭、冯云卿C. 吴荪甫、赵伯韬、范博文、李玉亭、张素素、屠维岳D. 吴荪甫、吴老太爷、杜竹斋、林佩瑶、徐素丽、朱吟秋8、“但另一件事，属于自己不关祖父的，却使翠翠沉默了一个夜晚”。

这“另一件事”是指____。

A. 大老托媒人求婚B. 二老夜里唱歌求爱C. 大老夜里唱歌求爱D. 因得到二老帮助，使翠翠情窦初开9、《边城》中的翠翠，是（）的化身，集情爱美、品德美和童真美于一身。

A. 爱B. 情C. 美D. 善10、沈从文《边城》的结尾写道：“这个人也许永远不回来了，也许明天回来！”其中“这个人”是指。

A. 傩送二老B. 翠翠C. 天宝大老D. 爷爷11、“那上来的分明是我的旧同窗，也是做教员时代的旧同事，面貌虽然颇有些改变，但一见也就认识，独有行动却变得格外迂缓，很不像当年敏捷精悍的吕纬甫了。

”文段中吕纬甫的“迂缓”在文中具体表现在A. 同到城隍庙里去拔掉神像的胡子B. 邀他同坐显得踌躇C. 说话吞吐啰唆D. 点菜客气退让12、《在酒楼上》中的吕纬甫具有的形象特征是A. 是一个具有善良之心、且为人诚恳实在的人。

2020春国家开放大学《应用写作》形考任务1参考答案形考任务11．结合教材，从主旨、材料、结构、语言等四个方面阐述实用型文章的特征。

（15分）2．结合自身学习经历与体验，谈谈范文阅读对提高实用型文章写作水平的重要性。

（25分）3．结合教材，简述公文的概念、特点、功用、构成要素与分类。

（20分）4．在以下五个文种中任选两个文种，进行写作练习。

（40分）（1）通知（2）报告（3）请示（4）函（5）会议纪要要求：内容要明确，中心要突出；格式要正确，写法要规范；语言要准确、简明、得体，书写要清楚。

答题要点：问题1：答：实用型文章的特征就分别体现在以下这四个方面：（一）主旨单一、集中、明确主旨是文章的中心意思，是作者的意图、主张或看法在文章中的体现。

单一，是说一篇文章中只能有一个中心，只能围绕着一个主题把问题说清楚，而不能把关系不大甚至不相关的问题写到一篇文章中去，使写出的文章多中心、多主题，集中，是说一篇应用文只能有一个中心，而这个中心应是全文的统帅，应对文章内容有制约作用，全文要不枝不蔓，紧扣这个中心。

明确，是说文章的中心意思，作者的意图和主张是什么，要使读者一看便知，而不必费心揣摩，文艺作品所讲究的曲折与含蓄，恰恰为实用型文章所排斥。

（二）材料多样，真实有力，材料是构成文章内容，形成支撑并表达主旨的各种事实与理论，真实是实用型文章的生命，而材料的真实又是使文章具有真实性的首要条件，有力是实用型文章的材料所应具备的另一个特点。

（三）结构合理、谨严固定，简单地说，结构是文章的内部构造，安排结构，就是根据主旨表达的需要，合理地组织材料，实用型文章应该是一种逻辑构成，而逻辑构成则要讲求谨严性，而不能流于松散无序，文章首尾圆合，衔接紧密，层次清晰，段落分明，则是文章结构谨严最起码的条件，也是对应用文结构最基本的要求。

固定是实用型文章结构的一个重要特点，遵照固定的模式写作，材能把文章写的规范，也才能使写出的文章便于阅读，易于发挥实际效用。

最新国家开放大学电大《阅读与写作〔1〕》网考形考任务作业试题及答案盗传必究考试说明:本课程考核采用构成性考核与终结性考试相结合的形式。

构成性考核占课程综合成绩的50%,终结性考试占课程综合成绩的50%。

本课程考核实施"双及格〞要求,即终结性考试成绩和综合成绩须同时及格,课程的考核成绩方为及格。

形考任务一一、名词解释〔每题3分,共18分〕试题1社会学阅读社会学阅读就是用社会学的观点和方法阅读作品,研究具体作品与文章作者、社会环境的关系,从而开掘作品的时代意义、政治意义、社会意义和思想意义的阅读方法。

试题2文化学阅读文化学阅读就是用文化学的观点和方法通过文字语言解读作品的文化内涵,通过习俗制度透视作品的思想原那么,通过经济构造透视作品的价值观念,通过科学技术透视作品的哲学基础,通过文学艺术透视作品的审美趣味的阅读方法。

试题3语义学阅读语义学阅读就是以文本为基础,从字、词、句含义的释读入手,细致分析表达技巧,层层解剖内在的构造层次,全力开掘多方面主题内涵的阅读方法。

试题4领受美学领受美学就是以读者为中心,注重作品意义空白或不确定性,重视作品价值的两极组合。

试题5律诗律诗,是唐朝流行起来的一种汉族诗歌体裁,属于近体诗的一种,因格律要求无比严格而得名。

常见的类型有五律和七律,一般有几个字说几言。

试题6寓言寓言是用比喻性的故事来寄托意味深长的道理,给人以启示的文学体裁,字数不多,但言简意赅。

二、简答题〔每题8分,共32分〕试题7小说的文体特征答:小说是通过塑造人物、表达故事、描写环境来反映生活、表达思想的一种文学体裁。

小说是作者对社会生活进展艺术概括,通过表达人的语言来描绘生活事件,塑造人物形象,展开作品主题,表达作者思想感情,从而艺术的反映和表现社会生活的一种文学体裁。

试题8学术论文的创造性和文献性答:论文的创造性是反映出作者对客观事物研究的独到理解和观点,其有着新理论、新设想、新方法、新定理,甚至能够调补某个领域的空白。

1.教材中谈到写作要“言之有物”，此中之“物”，包括哪两个部分内容？请结合教材予以具体论述。

答：“言之有物”包括材料和思想两个方面。

先看“材料”。

材料包括广义的和狭义的两种，材料是拿来干什么的呢？是拿来表现思想或观点的。

我们写一篇文章，就是要传达出一种思想或观点，那么，通过什么来传达呢？材料。

这里就有对材料的选择，什么样的材料最有利于我们的思想表达，我们就选择什么材料。

“选择”就是“取”与“舍”两个方面，因为有的材料很可能没有作用，甚至起反面作用，因此，选择、取舍很重要。

所以，由此看来，思想依赖材料来表达，而材料的选择又受制于思想，是双向的。

那么，哪些材料可以是用的呢，选择的标准是什么呢？教材中说了三点：要有代表性，要有精神启迪效果，具有可读性。

再看“思想”。

“思想”就是一篇文章（或一部作品）的主要内容所表达出来的某种总体性的意旨或倾向以及情感。

“思想”是需要提炼的，什么样的“思想”最能为阅读者所接受呢？有三个要求：真实、深刻、新颖，这也是文本思想的提炼应达到的要求。

在什么基础上进行提炼呢？要掌握大量的材料，还要看到材料背后深藏的本质，这就需要我们要能进行创造性思维。

2.有人说“材料重在选择，思想重在提炼”，结合自己的写作或阅读经验，谈谈你对此所持看法。

答: 写作者日常接触到的材料是十分繁杂的。

要使原始材料的积累真正具有写作价值就要善于安按照写作的规律要求，使其最终确立的文本思想达到真实、深刻、新颖的程度。

例如我曾写过《我最尊敬的人》这篇文章。

我收集了很多的材料，主要想写我尊敬的人是我的父亲。

突出父亲是的一个没有文化，朴实、勤劳、善良大度的人。

例如通过几件与邻里之间的事情，没有什么文化的父亲都能够妥善地解决。

父亲像千万的中国农民一样，在农忙时节都是日出而作，日落而息。

在没有事情做的冬季，父亲要么上山打柴。

要么出去做工。

父亲虽没有什么文化，却也重视儿女的教育。

从不重男轻女。

通过这些材料能够突出父亲平凡、善良、勤劳的品质。

《阅读与写作（1）》形考作业参考答案形考一一、简答题（每题8分，共32分）题目1社会学阅读正确答案是：社会学阅读就是用社会学的观点和方法阅读作品，研究具体作品与文章作者、社会环境的关系，从而发掘作品的时代意义、政治意义、社会意义和思想意义的阅读方法。

题目2文化学阅读正确答案是：文化学阅读就是用文化学的观点和方法通过文字语言解读作品的文化内涵，通过习俗制度透视作品的思想原则，通过经济结构透视作品的价值观念，通过科学技术透视作品的哲学基础，通过文学艺术透视作品的审美趣味的阅读方法。

题冃3语义学阅读正确答案是：语义学阅读就是以文本为基础，从字、词、句含义的释读入手，细致分析表达技巧，层层解剖内在的结构层次，全力开掘多方面主题内涵的阅读方法。

题冃4接受美学正确答案是：接受美学就是以读者为中心，注重作品意义空白或不确定性，重视作品价值的两极组合。

题目5律诗正确答案是：律诗是唐朝流行起来的一种汉族诗歌体载，属于近体诗的一种，因格律要求非常严格而得名。

常见的类型有五律，七律和排律，一般有几个字说几个言。

律诗起源于南朝齐永明时沈约等讲究声律、对仗的新体诗，至初唐沈俭期、宋之问等进一步发展定型，盛行于唐朝时期。

律诗在字句、押韵、平仄、对仗各方面都有严格的规定。

题目6寓言正确答案是：寓言是用比喻的故事来寄托意味深长的道理，给人以启示的文学体载，字数不多，但言简意赅。

故事的主人公可以是人，也可以是拟人化的动植物或其他事物。

该词最早见于《庄子》，在春秋战国时代兴起，后来成为文学作品的一种体载题目7小说的文体特征正确答案是：以叙述和描写笔法为主，采用灵活多样的艺术表现手法；通过情节细腻完整地刻画人物性格；允许进行艺术虚构。

题目8学术论文的创造性和文献性正确答案是：创造性：论文反映作者对客观事物研究的独到理解和观点，新埋论、新设想、新方法、新定理，甚至能够填补某个领域的空白。

文献性：学术论文可以长期保存，供检索和检阅，作为后人进行更深入研究、探讨时的借鉴，具有长期使用、参考的价值。

国家开放大学专科《阅读与写作》在线形考形考任务1至4+大作业试题及答案说明：资料整理于2024年6月；适用于国家开放大学专科学员一平台在线形考考试。

形考任务1 试题及答案一、名词解释（每题9分，共18分）1.社会学阅读：社会学阅读就是用社会学的观点和方法阅读作品，研究具体作品与文章作者、社会环境的关系，从而发掘作品的时代意义、政治意义、社会意义和思想意义的阅读方法.2 .律诗：律诗是中国传统诗歌的一种体裁，属于近体诗范畴,因格律要求非常严格而得名•律诗起源于南朝齐永明时沈约等讲究声律、对仗的新体诗，至初唐沈侄期、宋之问等进一步发展定型，盛行于唐宋时期.律诗在字句、押韵、平仄、对仗各方面都有严格规定.其常见的类型有五言律诗和七言律诗.二、简答题（每题10分，共20分）3 .小说的文体特征?答：小说是以刻画人物形象为中心来反映社会生活的一种文学体裁.它的主要特点是:用艺术概括的方法塑造人物形象；一股有完整的故事情节;对环境做具体描写.小说的人物是虚构的，是作者把现实生活中不同原型的某些特征加以综合熔铸而成的，因此比现实中的原型更为典型.小说中刻画人物的方法多种多样，可以有肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写，也可以通过其他人物的反应和态度进行侧面描写等等.小说不仅勾勒人物的轮廓，刻画其性格的一个或几个侧面，还要在情节的发展中表现人物性格的发展和变化.小说的情节一般比较完整，往往有开端、发展.高潮和结局，有时前面有序幕，后面还有尾声，能显示生活中矛盾的发展过程.情节的巧妙安排对于刻画人物和表现主题有着事要意义.小说中要具体描写环境。

环境描写包括自然环境描写和社会环境描写两类.环境描写是为交代背景、衬托人物、发展情节、渲染气氛服务的.自然环境描写在小说中表现较多，主要是为了表现人物的身份、地位、行动,表达人物心情，渲染当时的气氛.因此，人物、故事情节和环境，是小说的三要素。

4 .学术论文的创造性和文献性？答：论文的创造性是反映出作者对客观事物研究的独到理解和观点,其有着新理论、新设想、新方法、新定理，甚至能够调补某个领域的空白.创造性是科学论文的灵魂，核心和生命力之所在,也是评价科学论文价值的根本标准.文献性国旨一些学术论文可以长期保存，供检索和查阅，作为后人进行更深入研究、探讨时的借鉴.这种论文往往具有长期使用、参考的价值.三、论述题（每题15分，共30分）5 .运用诗歌的鉴常方法，解读李臼的诗《将进酒》.答：诗歌的基本特征是节奏和音韵美，强烈的抒情性丰富的艺术想象和独特的艺术手法.李白的《将进酒》充分体现了这些特点.从节奏和音韵的角度看，整散结合的句式使诗歌具有强烈而冷于变化的节奏，如"君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回.君不见高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝茗成雪”等长句节奏舒缓，而“岑夫子,丹邱生，将进酒，杯莫停"等短句又使节奏变得急促有力.用韵上同中有变.全诗主要用Ui韵，但又不是一韵到底。

1.教材中谈到写作要“言之有物”，此中之“物”，包括哪两个部分内容？请结合教材予以具体论述答：写作中的“言之有物”之物包括材料和思想两个部分。

“言之有物”是中国传统的写作理论。

是写作时经常遵循的一种规律。

清代章学诚的《文史通义·文理》篇中就特别强调“夫立言之要在于有物”。

“言之有物”就是要求写作要能有效地运用一定的材料表现丰富而具体的思想内容。

从而反映出作者对自然界，人类社会或人自身的某种独特的体验或认识。

从写作本质上看，写作应当体现出人的精神创造性质。

“言之无物”就从根本上丧失了写作的意思。

从写作的价值上看，写作应当能够满足人的精神交流需要。

言之无物或言不由衷。

就从根本上丧失了写作的意义。

我国战国时期诗人屈原的《离骚》反映了诗人善于用周围的环境气氛来烘托、抒情主人公的形象。

诗人还善于把人的形象放在激烈的矛盾和冲突中来塑造。

《离骚》在艺术表现方法上充满着浪漫主义情调。

传统写作理论历来强调的是“言之有物”。

我们写作时要讲究。

结构安排，语言表达。

构成写作的三要素为:言之有物，言之有序和言之有文。

他们是相互融合，相互作用，缺一不可的整体关系，但在这三个环节中“言之有物”是决定写作意义和价值的。

也是最关键的。

2.有人说“材料重在选择，思想重在提炼”，结合自己的写作或阅读经验，谈谈你对此所持看法。

答：写作者日常接触到的材料是十分繁杂的。

要使原始材料的积累真正具有写作价值就要善于安按照写作的规律要求，使其最终确立的文本思想达到真实、深刻、新颖的程度。

例如我曾写过《我最尊敬的人》这篇文章。

我收集了很多的材料，主要想写我尊敬的人是我的父亲。

突出父亲是的一个没有文化，朴实、勤劳、善良大度的人。

例如通过几件与邻里之间的事情，没有什么文化的父亲都能够妥善地解决。

父亲像千万的中国农民一样，在农忙时节都是日出而作，日落而息。

在没有事情做的冬季，父亲要么上山打柴。

要么出去做工。

父亲虽没有什么文化，却也重视儿女的教育。

最新国家开放大学电大《应用写作》形考任务1试题及答案（二）材料多样，真实有力，材料是构成文章内容，形成支撑并表达主旨的各种事实与理论，真实是实用型文章的生命，而材料的真实又是使文章具有真实性的首要条件，有力是实用型文章的材料所应具备的另一个特点。

（三）结构合理、谨严固定，简单地说，结构是文章的内部构造，安排结构，就是根据主旨表达的需要，合理地组织材料，实用型文章应该是一种逻辑构成，而逻辑构成则要讲求谨严性，而不能流于松散无序，文章首尾圆合，衔接紧密，层次清晰，段落分明，则是文章结构谨严最起码的条件，也是对应用文结构最基本的要求。

固定是实用型文章结构的一个重要特点，遵照固定的模式写作，材能把文章写的规范，也才能使写出的文章便于阅读，易于发挥实际效用。

（四）语言准确，简明、平易、庄重。

语言准确是对所有文章的要求，语言运用得好坏，直接关系到文章质量的高低，任何文章的语言，都应当具有简明性，所谓的语言简明性。

所谓的语言就是能用尽可能少的语言材料，把尽可能多的信息明明白白地传递给读者，平易即平实自然，晓畅易懂，语言的平易首先表现在用语的直白上，另一层意思是用语朴实，应用文特别是用于工作的应用文大都应当带有一种庄重的风格，而语言的庄重正是形成文章的庄重风格的最为重要的因素之一。

总之，主旨单一、集中、明确、材料多样、真实、有力，结构合理、谨严、固定，语言准确、简明、平易、庄重，是应用文所应具备的基本特征，也是对应用文写作的基本要求。

题目2结合自身学习经历与体验，谈谈范文阅读对提高实用型文章写作水平的重要性。

（25分）答：熟读唐堃三百首，不会作诗也会吟，是前人的写作经验之谈。

这里说的是写诗，却道出了写作的普遍规律，各类写作莫不如此。

观千剑而成器，通过范文的阅读，可以潜移默化地把他人的经验变成自己的体会，使之在自己的写作活动中产生作用，学习写作，却不读文章，不熟悉文章实际，就无法形成对一种文体的最基本、最全面的认识，这样即便学了写作知识，也难以在写作中加以灵活运用，难以使之成为活的知识。

(精华版)国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读(1)》网络课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明：2020年秋期电大把该网络课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核，该课程共有2个形考任务，针对该门课程，本人汇总了该科所有的题，形成一个完整的标准题库，并且以后会不断更新，对考生的复习、作业和考试起着非常重要的作用，会给您节省大量的时间。

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形考任务一（70分）Chapter 1 Exercise（分值7分）题目1I. Vocabulary skills（3 points）Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left.(0.5 points each)1.the bus or subway2.proof of completion of courses of students3.money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans4.formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study5.courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places6.the points or grade a student gets on a test答案：II. Reading Comprehension (4 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Experiencing Culture ShockA When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience a culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned tofrustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. "I felt like I couldn't accomplish anything. My dorm room had no heat, I couldn't get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me the runaround. I felt like no one was listening to me." Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didn't realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in which patience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. "I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what I'm doing. In fact, it's really fun being in a place that's so incredibly different from what I am accustomed to."B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didn't always have such an easy time studying in America. "Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a long time to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasn't actually learning anything." Yoshi's reaction was to totally withdraw: he didn't participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped class on occasion. "I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U.S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style."C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many international students, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of living in it. According to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria, 2. hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinking, withdrawal, and inability to work effectively.D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not something to be ashamed of. Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get involved in campus activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive.Recognizing Paragraph Topics（choose the paragraph letter）题目27. an explanation of culture shock选择一项：C. C题目38. ways that students can adjust to living in a new country选择一项：D. D题目49. the experience of an international student in the United States选择一项：B. B题目510. the experience of an international student in China选择一项：A. AChapter 2 Exercise（分值7分）题目1I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Sometimes examples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0.4 points each)1.kinds of extreme weather2.Earth’s natural materials and gases3. diseases or health disorders4. seasons of the year5. natural areas or regions of the earth答案：II. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the BluesA Joshua dreads the winter months, not only because of the cold New England weather--the sleet, snow, wind, and rain--but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. "I soon realized that what I thought was just the 'winter blues' was something more extreme than that." Josh visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD.B Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scientists don't completely understand the exact causes of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the body's breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodiness, irritability, low energy, increased appetite for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep.C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It is not a coincidence that many cultures have important celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depressing time of year.D So what can SAD sufferers do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the disorder. In light therapy, patients sit in front of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depression, traditional antidepressants have not proven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness.题目26. Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because选择一项：B. he suffers from Seasonal Affective Disorder题目37. Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scientists believe it is caused by选择一项：C. lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain题目48. Humans have probably struggled with SAD since选择一项：A. ancient times题目59. People who suffer from SAD can to feel better.选择一项：A. do light therapy题目610. This passage talks about_____.选择一项：B. Both A and B.Chapter 3 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Fast food can be good foodMany people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day.so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious.But fast food d oesn’t have to be unhealthy.you can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well.Pay Attention to Calories and Fat ContentBy paying attention to the number of calories and fat that a food item has ,you can make smarter choices.Calories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will produce”.condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries,and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1,535 calories and 76 grams of fat .a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich ,a side salad with low-fat dressing,and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat .but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries .well,you can have a small hamburger,a small serving o f fries,and a glass of water.At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat,that’s stilla much smarter choice than the large burger ,fries,and 20 grams of fat ,that’s still a much smarter choice than the large burger,fries,and sada.There’s More That You Can DoThere are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurantS.First of all,say “no” when the cashier asks you if you want to “supersize” you meal (order an extra large portion of each item).Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce,or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish).Third,substitute(use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For example,instead of ordering deep-fried tempura,order fresh vegetables.Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream,order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice.and don’t eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first.That way,you will eat some vegetables,and you won’t be able to eat as much of your burger and fries.Fnally,eat slowly and stop eating when you’re full. It sounds simple,but many people keep eating even after they become full.题目11.What is the main idea of this article ?________选择一项：C. You can eat well in fast-food restaurant题目22.A small hamburger and small firies has __________选择一项：A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad.题目33.Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are________选择一项：D. order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water.题目44.Manyonnaise and sauces probably_________选择一项：C. have a lot of fat and calories.题目55. By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal,_______选择一项：A. you eat less of the rest of your meal.II. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. (0.4 points each)题目6changes damaging losing global availableThe growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are related to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are having heart attacks, the women are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives.Chapter 4 Exercise（分值7分I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）题目1Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0.4 points each)1.make sense2.pedestrians3.vehicle4.teenager5.fine答案：II. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each)These days, it’s getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in their cars to make sure they don’t get lost. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space to “see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you don’t have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like and can produce a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it? MapQuest® uses data (informatio n) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest® went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stations. The website uses the data from those paper maps, information from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, MapQuest® uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users with millions of maps every day.In order to find the best route (way or path) from one place to another, MapQuest® first has to look at all possible routes. Then MapQuest® looks at each part of each possible route. It considers the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roads, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there are in each route and what kinds of turns they are. Are they right turns or left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersections there are. An intersection is “a place where two or more roads cross each other”.MapQuest® can also tell you how long your trip will take you. It does this by doing some math. MapQuest® bases its estimated driving times on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time it probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows more time for a left turn at an intersection than it does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just drive us wherever we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost.题目26.What is the main idea of this article?选择一项：C. How mapping websites work.题目37.According to the article, MapQuest®______选择一项：D. starting by selling paper maps.题目48.When you search for directions, the first thing MapQuest® does is_______选择一项：D. look at all possible paths.题目59.When it’s deciding on the best route, MapQuest® probably chooses ________选择一项：C. freeways instead of dirt roads.题目610. To estimate your driving time, MapQuest® considers _________选择一项：D. the speed limits and types of turns on your route.Chapter 5 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctly answer each question. Cross out the untrue, unrelated detail. (1 point each )题目11. What are the definitions of the two main types of families?选择一项：D. The nuclear family is the same as the extended family.题目22. What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family?选择一项：A. The divorce rate went down and the birthrate began to rise in the early 1900s in the United States. 题目33. What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 1940s?选择一项：A. Before and during World War II, families faced few financi al problems and women didn’t have to work away from home.题目44. What changes will happen to family structure during the next decades?选择一项：D. After the war, there were more divorces and fewer stay-home-mothers.题目55. What will families be like in the future?选择一项：B. Two-parent family will probably come back and all other family forms will end.II. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each)题目6living extended category typical believeThe Family of the FutureMany people today would like the traditional two-parent family back—that is to say, they want a man and a woman to marry for life; they also think the man should sport the family and the woman should stay home with the children. However, few families now fall into this 6 category In fact, if more women decide to have children on their own, the single-parent household may become more 7typica l than the traditional family in many countries. Also, unmarried couples may decided to have more children—or they might take in foster children or adopt. And because people are staying single and 8 living longer (often as widows), there may be more one-person households in the future. On the other hand, some people 9believe similar events happen again and again in history. If this is true, people may go back to the traditional 10 extended or nuclear family of the past. Others think the only certainty in history is changing: in other words, the structure of the future family could begin to change faster and faster—and in more and more ways.Chapter 6 Exercise（分值7分）I. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. （0.4 points each）题目11. Some examples of the architecture of old Europe are the magnificent cathedrals and castles. The design and building styles of modern architecture are excellent too. What does the noun architecture mean in these sentences?选择一项：D. the form and plan of buildings and other structures题目22. Perhaps the real beginning of civilization—with its scientific and technological discoveries and inventions—was in the Middle East and Africa. Over five thousand years ago, those ancient civilizations had astronomy, mathematics, medicine, government, and so on. Which word is a synonym of the word civilization? 选择一项：C. culture题目33. The cultural legacy of ancient Chinese and Indian peoples included walled cities, the first governments, tools for work, and weapons for protection. odern peoples built on this legacy.What is a possible explanationof the word legacy?选择一项：A. ideas and achievements passed from earlier generations to modern society题目44. “For me, the idea of ancient culture creates a contradiction in definitions,” said Karen, going against Mei’s views. “Only modern things can be part of culture.Of course, people that li ke classical art and music will contradict me.”What might the noun contradiction mean?选择一项：A. the opposition of two opinions题目55. Because of the worldwide media—movies, TV, CDs, the Internet, newspapers, magazines—everybody knows the same information, plays the same music, and enjoys the same jokes.How might you define the phrase the media?选择一项：A. the combination of visual, sound, and printed ways to send ideas around the worldII.Reading Comprehension (5 points)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and “F” for False. （1 point each）题目6Many visitors to different countries don’t realize how important it is to understand a country’s culture. Sometimes people learn this lesson by making a big cross-cultural blunder, or embarrassing mistake. In business situations, these blunders can cost a lot of money or end business relationships.6.It is important to understand other people’s cultures before you do business with them.选择一项：B. T题目7For example, one company wanted to sell toothpaste in Southeast Asia. In their advertisements, they claimed that their toothpaste whitens teeth. They didn’t understand that many of the local people chewed betel nuts to make their teeth black, and that these people thought black teeth were attractive.7. The toothpaste company probably kept using the same advertisement in Southeast Asia.选择一项：题目8In an other case, a car company tried to sell a car called “Matador” in a Spanish-speaking country. The company thought that it was a strong name because it means “bullfighter”. In Spanish, matador is indeed a noun meaning “bullfighter”. But it is also an adjective meaning “killing”. Imagine driving around in a car called “Killing”!8. The car company that tried to sell a car to a Spanish-speaking country probably didn’t sell many Matador cars in that country.选择一项：B. T题目9A European businessman had an important meeting with a company in Taiwan. He wanted to bring gifts for the people he was meeting with. He thought that something with his company’s logo on it would be a nice gift. So he bought some very nice pocket knives a nd had his company’s logo printed on them. He didn’t know that giving a knife as a gift symbolizes cutting off a friendship!9. The European businessman probably researches new cultures before he visits them now.选择一项：A. T题目10It’s very easy to make blunders like these people did. But it’s also very easy not to. Before you visit a new country, research that country’s customs and etiquette (social rules for polite behavior). You can find a lot of information online. Just go to a search engine and type in key words like “cross-cultural etiquette” or “cultural information Taiwan”. By spending a few minutes doing research, you can save yourself from a lot of embarrassment and make sure you don’t accidentally offend anyone.10. What you can disagree with people to save yourself from making cross-cultural blunders.选择一项：B. FChapter 7 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and “F” for False on the Answer Sheet. (1 point each)题目1For instance, a doctor doesn’t always have time to thoroughly explain an illness. In these cases, the Internet1. One benefit of using the Internet as a medical resource is it has a lot of information about illnesses and diseases.选择一项：B. T题目2For example, some websites claim that sniffing (smelling) a newspaper can cure nausea (the feeling of being sick to your stomach and wanting to vomit).2. One possible remedy for nausea is drinking a lot of tea.选择一项：B. F题目3Other websites suggest that a person with a cold should keep a piece of raw garlic in his or her mouth all day and bite down on it every few minutes to release the juice. People with smelly feet are told to soak their feet in tea for half an hour.3. The websites remedies might be unpleasant or odd, but they probably will cause harm. And who knows? They might actually be unhelpful.选择一项：A. F题目4An herbal remedy for helping your memory may also be a blood thinner. So if your doctor prescribed (put you on) a blood thinner and you start taking this herb without asking your doctor about it, a simple cut could be deadly; you might not be able to stop bleeding.4. A person who is taking a prescribed drug should probably talk to the doctor before taking an herbal remedy.选择一项：B. T题目5The bottom line is this: be careful when using the Internet as a health resource. Use it to find information that you can discuss with your doctor. But don’t spend a lot of money on “miracle cures”.5. The best way to use the Internet as a medical resource is to read about your illness and discuss what you find out with your doctor.选择一项：II. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each)题目6disease substance classification prevent figureIn a small-town farm market, hundreds of elderly people drink a glass of sour dark cherry juice every day. These happy senior citizens, some of them over the age of 90, claim that the natural fruit juice cures—or at least decreases—the pain of their arthritis, a 6 disease of the joints of the aging body. It’s a folk remedy, not a proven medical therapy. Nevertheless, science is beginning to 7 figure out why sour cherry juice might work to improve the health of patients with arthritis. The secret is in the 8 substance that gives the cherries their dark red color. It belongs to a 9 classification of natural nutrients that color blueberries, strawberries, plums, and other fruits—and vegetables too. Moreover, these coloring substances may help to 10 prevent serious health disorders like heart disease and cancer. In other words, vitamins and fiber ar e not the only reasons to eat fruits and vegetables. “To take advantage of natural whole foods,” advise nutritionists.Chapter 8 Exercise（分值7分）I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. ( 0.4 points each) 题目11.At all hours, the media offer language learners “real-life” audio visual instruction and practice in aural comprehension.选择一项：B. understanding spoken language题目22. High-quality TV programming —a good plan of shows about various fields of study—can increase people’s knowledge and improve their thinking abilities.选择一项：D. choice and organization of shows题目33. Television and video provide almost everyone with good entertainment—a pleasant way to relax and spend free time at home.选择一项：A. amusement or pleasure4. Images of violence on the screen scare people, giving them terrible nightmares when they sleep.选择一项：D. behavior that hurts people题目55. The talk shows of “trash TV” make instant “stars” of real people with strange or immoral ideas, who tell their most personal secrets, shout angrily, and attack one another.选择一项：C. shows without qualityII. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following sentences by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each)AEveryone makes mistakes, or so the saying goes. But have you ever heard about mistakes in Hollywood? When most people think of Hollywood, they think of blockbusters (very successful movies), high-paid actors, glitz, and glamour. But according to one Website, many Hollywood movies are full of mistakes. Some are technical errors. For instance, in a scene of the science-fiction adventure film The Matrix, when the main character steps out of his car, the viewer can clearly see the camera crew in the car window. In another scene, the same character is typing on his computer, yet the computer screen is blank. Other movie mistakes are historical. For example, the epic Gladiator, an Oscar winner, is known for having lots of historical errors. Throughout the movie, the gladiator Maximus refers to his home in Spain, and the other characters call him "the Spaniard." However, in 180 A.D., when the movie takes place, Spain as a country or even as a concept didn't exist yet. At another point in the movie, Maximus says that his homeland of Spain has "the best horses." But horses weren't brought to the Iberian Peninsula until the invasion of the Moors (North Africans) in 711 A.D, more than 500 years after the movie takes place. The historical drama Titanic, another Oscar winner, also has its share of historical blunders. The Titanic sunk in the year 1912. So why is one of the characters wearing a digital watch? In fact, movie watchers have found over 100 mistakes in The Matrix, Gladiator, and Titanic. Can you think of any errors in your favorite films?BHow susceptible are you to advertising? Has a TV commercial or magazine ad ever made you buy the product that was advertised? If so, perhaps you have been subjected to subliminal advertising. Subliminal advertising is a kind of advertising that appeals to the subconscious. The word "subliminal" comes from the Latin "sub" meaning "lower," "beneath," or "under," and "limen" meaning "threshold," (the level at which something begins to happen). Thus, subliminal advertising stimulates your brain at a level below conscious perception. You。

《国家开放大学学习指南》形考作业参考答案5个形考任务全部完成后，在页面的最下端的课程管理里的成绩中查看总成绩，总分超过80即可。

预祝同学们顺利完成考试。

任务1一、单项选择（每题5分，共计10分）题目1: 请将你认为不适合描述为国家开放大学特色的选项选择出来。

（）正确答案是：国家开放大学是一所与普通高校学习方式完全相同的大学题目2:请将不能客观地描述国家开放大学学习方式的选项选择出来。

（）正确答案是：只有在面对面教学的课堂上才能完成学习任务二、判断题（每题2分，共计10分）题目3:制定时间计划，评估计划的执行情况，并根据需要实时地调整计划，是管理学习时间的有效策略。

（）正确的答案是“对”。

题目4:远程学习的方法和技能比传统的课堂学习简单，学习方法并不重要。

（）正确的答案是“错”。

题目5：在国家开放大学的学习中，有课程知识内容请教老师，可以通过发email、QQ群、课程论坛等方式来与老师联络。

（）正确的答案是“对”。

题目6：在网络环境下，同学之间、师生之间无法协作完成课程讨论。

（）正确的答案是“错”。

题目7：纸质教材、音像教材、课堂讲授的学习策略都是一样的。

（）正确的答案是“错”。

任务2一、单选题（每题2分，共5题，共计10分）题目1：开放大学学制特色是注册后年内取得的学分均有效。

（）正确答案是：8题目2：不是专业学位授予的必备条件。

（）正确答案是：被评为优秀毕业生题目3：是专业学习后期需要完成的环节。

（）正确答案是：专业综合实践题目4：转专业后，学籍有效期从开始计算。

（）正确答案是：入学注册时题目5：不是目前国家开放大学设有的学习层次。

（）正确答案是：小学、初中二、判断题（每题2分，共5题，共计10分）题目6：办理转专业相关事宜时，拟转入专业与转出专业应属于同等学历层次，本科转专业还应是同科类相近专业。

（）正确的答案是“对”。

题目7：自愿退学的学生可重新报名参加国开学习，学生原来获得的学分，可按免修免考的有关规定进行课程或学分替换。

国家开放大学《中国古代文学作品选读》形考任务1-4参考答案形考任务1一、多项选择题1.关汉卿的悲剧代表作是（）A.《救风尘》B.《窦娥冤》C.《望江亭》2.下列人物属于“大历十才子”的有（）A.卢纶B.钱起C.卢端D.吉中孚E.司空曙3.词有许多别名，词亦可称作（）A.曲子词B.长短句C.诗余D.乐府4.《史记》全书包括的主要内容本纪、世家和列传各部分各有（）篇。

（按顺序选择）A.12B.30C.40D.50E.705.在律诗最后确定上作出贡献的，除了“沈宋”外，还有“文章四友”，他们是（）A.李峤B.崔融C.苏味道D.上官仪E.杜审言6.杜甫的“三吏”是指（）A.《新安吏》B.《新婚别》C.《无家别》D.《潼关吏》E.《石濠吏》7.下列属于唐宋古文八大家的是（）A.欧阳修B.柳宗元C.韩愈D.王安石E.苏轼8.下面属于屈原《九章》里的作品有（）A.《天问》B.《涉江》C.《橘颂》D.《山鬼》E.《抽思》9.司马迁《项羽本纪》中突出写了哪几件大事？（）A.“巨鹿之战”B.“鸿门宴”C.“垓下之围”D.“将相和”10.词在五代后期，有两个发展中心，分别是（）A.西蜀B.东蜀C.南唐D.后唐E.后梁11.下列关于山水田园诗的说法，正确的有（）A.为山水诗奠定基础的是南朝宋诗人谢灵运，他山水诗中的名句“池塘生春草，园柳变鸣禽”，被历代诗人所赞赏。

B.建安时期著名诗人曹操的《步出夏门行》（东临碣石）（又称《观沧海》）可以说是我国诗歌史上第一首山水诗C.东晋大诗人陶渊明开创了田园诗歌，他的“种豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。

晨兴理荒秽，戴月荷锄归”描写农村田间劳动的快乐，是田园诗中不朽的名句D.杜甫早年创作的山水名作《望岳》中“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”透露了一股少年的英气；他的《登岳阳楼》则表现出一种忧国忧民的情感E.中唐山水诗的风格比较清雅闲淡，如韦应物广为传诵的名作《滁州西涧》：“春潮带雨晚来急，野渡无人舟自横”充满了宁静闲逸的野趣二、判断题12.文学史上第一个大量创作田园诗的诗人是陶渊明。

(2021年更新版)国家开放大学学习指南形考任务1答案1.请将你认为不适合描述为国家开放大学特色的选项选择出来。

()A.国家开放大学是一所在教与学的方式上有别与普通高校的新型大学B.国家开放大学是基于信息技术的特殊的大学C.国家开放大学是一所与普通高校学习方式完全相同的大学D.国家开放大学可以为学习者提供多终端数字化的学习资源参考答案：C2.请将不能客观地描述国家开放大学学习方式的选项选择出来。

()A.在网络上阅读和学习课程教学资源B.在课程平台上进行与老师与同学们的交流讨论C.利用pad、手机等设备随时随地学习D.只有在面对面教学的课堂上才能完成学习任务参考答案：D3.制定时间计划，评估计划的执行情况，并根据需要实时地调整计划，是管理学习时间的有效策略。

()A.对参考答案：A4.在国家开放大学的学习中，有课程知识内容请教老师，可以通过发email、QQ群、课程论坛等方式来与老师联络。

()A.对B.错参考答案：A5.远程学习的方法和技能比传统的课堂学习简单，学习方法并不重要。

()A.对B.错参考答案：B6.纸质教材、音像教材、课堂讲授的学习策略都是一样的。

()A.对B.错参考答案：B7.在网络环境下，同学之间、师生之间无法协作完成课程讨论。

()A.对参考答案：B(2021年更新版)国家开放大学学习指南形考任务2答案1.开放大学学制特色是注册后（）年内取得的学分均有效。

A.8B.3C.5D.10参考答案：A2.()是专业学习后期需要完成的环节。

A.了解教学计划B.入学测试C.入学教育D.专业综合实践参考答案：D3.()不是专业学位授予的必备条件。

A.毕业论文成绩达到学位授予相关要求B.满足国家开放大学规定的获取学位所必需的英语水平要求C.课程学习成绩达到学位授予的相关要求D.被评为优秀毕业生参考答案：D4.()不是目前国家开放大学设有的学习层次。

A.中专B.专科C.专升本科D.小学、初中参考答案：D5.转专业后，学籍有效期从_____开始计算。

国家开放大学最新《基础写作》形成性考核（1-6）试题与答案解析形考任务11、教材中谈到写作要“言之有物”，此中之“物”，包括哪两个部分内容？请结合教材予以具体论述。

正确答案：所谓“言之有物”，就是要求写作成果有丰富而且具体的思想内容，能够反映作者对自然界、人类社会或人自身的某种独特的体验或认识。

它包括文本的材料和思想两方面的因素。

文本的材料，材料有广义和狭义的区别，广义的材料是泛指已被作者关注并意识到有某种写作价值而予以收集积累以被选用的一切原始材料，包括事实形态的、理论形态的和数字形态的等等。

狭义的材料，则是专指经过作者的选择，已被或将被写进文本中的事实、理论和各种数据。

文本的思想，是指通过文本写作的主要内容所表达出来的某种总体性的、基本性的意旨或倾向。

它体现作者的写作意图和写作目的，代表着写作的意义和价值，决定阅读的效果，在写作中处于核心地位。

2、有人说“材料重在选择，思想重在提炼”，结合自己的写作或阅读经验，谈谈你对此所持看法。

正确答案：此观点正确。

写作者日常接触到的材料是十分的繁杂的，要使原始材料的积累真正具有写作价值，就要善于按照写作的规律的要求对其进行识别和选择。

文本的思想需要提炼，是为使写作的规律大要求，使其最终确立的文本思想达到真实、深刻、新颖的程度。

在写作之中，有效地选择和组织材料，是准确表达思想的支柱。

在一般的文本写作中，思想和材料往往同时出现，因此，文本思想的确立和材料的支撑是融为一体的。

在文学创作中，文本思想隐含与材料之中而不直接说出，因此对材料的选择和组织成为引导读者体验、理解、和接受文本思想的唯一途径。

3、阅读散文《谢天》，谈谈典型材料的选用对文本思想的表达所具有的重要作用。

正确答案：首先，读了这篇文章后，我觉得我们要有一颗感恩之心。

这里的“天”可以理解为大自然，可以理解为人世间的一切美好的人、事、物，“谢”“天”，就是要对某种我们不了解的存在、规律、原则有敬畏之心，有感激之心，有谦逊之心。

实用写作一、单选题1.本单位的人外出联系工作时，用以说明身份、介绍任务的一种简单的应用文书为（）A.介绍信B.推荐信C.证明信D.感谢信正确答案: A2.证实某人有关情况或某件事件的应用文书为（）A.介绍信B.推荐信C.证明信D.求职信正确答案: C3.国家行政机关、企事业单位、社会团体或会议及个人就人们共同关心的事情，向社会或有关方面首先提出具有号召性建议的书面文书为（）A.倡议书B.启事C.申请书D.海报正确答案: A4.机关、团体、企事业单位或个人邀请有关人员参加某项活动而专门制发的文书叫做：（）A.请柬B.广告C.欢迎词D.贺信正确答案: A5.填写专用词语,某公司致××公司成立10周年的贺信：多年来，贵公司在经贸活动中的照顾，……望今后进一步加强合作。

（）A.蒙受；为盼B.蒙受；为好C.承蒙；为盼D.承蒙；为好正确答案: C6.填写专用词语：某公司致××公司成立10周年的贺信：多年来，贵公司在经贸活动中的照顾，……望今后进一步加强。

（）A.感谢；协作B.承蒙；协作C.感谢；合作D.承蒙；合作正确答案: D7.一般用于向对方推荐人才的应用文书为 ( )A.介绍信B.推荐信C.证明信D.求职信正确答案: B8.对个人学历、经历、特长、爱好及其他有关情况所作的简明扼要的书面介绍属于应用文书的哪一种？（）A.倡议书B.简历C.申请书D.海报正确答案: B9.机关、团体、单位向人们公布有关文艺、体育、学术报告、展览等信息的一种招贴式文书叫做（）A.书信B.启事C.声明D.海报正确答案: B10.下列不符合倡议书标题的是（）。

A.“倡议书”B.“广大的青年朋友们”C.倡议内容+文种D.倡议对象+文种正确答案: B11.下面哪一项不属于欢迎词的特点？（）A.口语性B.欢愉性C.简短性D.随意性正确答案：D12.有事情想让众人知道或者请求帮助，写成一种类似公开信的文字在电台、报纸上发表，或者张贴在公共场所的应用文书为:（）A.感谢信B.启事C.声明D.海报正确答案: B13.以简明扼要的文字迅速及时的报道最新事实的短篇新闻宣传文书是（）A.简介C.简报D.广播稿正确答案: B14.下列文章体裁属于广告类的有（）A.解说词B.店铺楹联C.招标书D.特写正确答案: B15.参加竞聘者为了实现竞争上岗，就自我竞聘条件、未来的施政目标和构想而发表公开演讲。