雅思核心词汇和短语2000(政法)

雅思口语核心词汇➢ 5.5分echo ['ek?u]n. 回声,回音,回波v. 发回声,随声附和,摹仿affordable [?'f?:d?bl]a. 支付得起的,不太昂贵的attractive [?'tr?ktiv]a. 有吸引力的,引起注意的awfula. 可怕的,壮严的badminton ['b?dmint?n] n. 羽毛球balcony ['b?lk?ni]n. 阳台beneficial [,beni'fi??l] a. 有益的,有利的bungalow ['b??g?l?u] n. 平房chef [?ef]n. 厨师community [k?'mju:niti] n. 社区,团体群落(生) convenient [k?n'vi:nj?nt]a. 方便的consume [k?n'sju:m]v. 消耗,消费,饮食;毁灭；消磨；枯萎creature ['kri:t??]n. 生物,动物,人ceiling ['si:li?]n. 天花板crystal ['kristl]a. 清澈透明的,晶体的n. 水晶carpet ['kɑ:pit]n. 地毯,毛毯v. 铺以地毯,铺盖crown [kraun]n. 王冠,王权,顶点v. 使...成王,加冕,居...之顶crow [kr?u]n. 啼叫,乌鸦v. 啼叫,报晓crop [kr?p]n. 农作物,产量,平头v. 收割,修剪,种植curious ['kju?ri?s]a. 好奇的,古怪的cooperation [k?u,?p?'rei??n] n. 合作,协作decorate ['dek?reit]v. 装饰,装修discount ['diskaunt]n. 折扣,贴现率v. 打折扣,贴现distinction [dis'ti?k??n]n. 差别,不同,对比,区分,辨别desert [di'z?:t]n. 沙漠v. 放弃,遗弃dessert [di'z?:t]n. 甜食diversity [dai'v?:siti]n. 差异,多样性vt. 使不同,使多样化domestic [d?'mestik]a. 国内的,家庭的,驯养的n. 家仆,佣人drumspl.鼓v. 击鼓dusty ['d?sti]a. 满是灰尘的escalator ['esk?leit?]n. 自动扶梯elementsn. 原理, 基础especially [is'pe??li]ad. 特别,尤其effectively [i'fektivli]ad. 有效地efficiently [i'fi??ntli]ad. 有效地explore [iks'pl?:]v. 探险,探测,探究[计算机] 探讨engage [in'geid?]v. 答应,预定,使忙碌,雇佣,订婚fiber ['faib?]n. 纤维gossip ['g?sip]n. 闲聊,随笔v. 说闲话ghost [g?ust]n. 鬼,幽灵hardship ['hɑ:d,?ip]n. 艰难,困苦herbal ['h?:b?l]a. 草药的heritage ['heritid?]n. 遗产,继承物horizon [h?'raizn]n. 地平线hospitable ['h?spit?bl] a. 好客的homesick ['h??msik] a. 想家的interrupt [,int?'r?pt]n. 中断v. 打断,妨碍,插嘴[计算机] 中断impressive [im'presiv] a. 给人深刻印象的literary ['lit?r?ri]a. 文学的intelligence [in'telid??ns] n. 理解力,智力jade [d?eid] n. 玉fantastic [f?n't?stik]a. 极好的,难以相信的,奇异的,幻想的luxurious [l?g'zju?ri?s]a. 奢侈的,豪华的liquid ['likwid]a. 液体的,液态的n. 液体loose [lu:s]n. 解放,放任,放纵a. 宽松的,不牢固的,不精确的v. 释放,放枪,开船lotus ['l?ut?s]n. 荷花(莲花,莲饰)maintain [men'tein]v. 维持,维修,保养,坚持mineral ['min?r?l]a. 矿物的n. 矿物,矿石miracle ['mir?kl]n. 奇迹memorable ['mem?r?bl]n. 值得纪念的事物a. 值得纪念的melodious [mi'l?udj?s]a. 旋律美妙的,调子优美的,音乐性的motivation [,m?uti'vei??n]n. 动机mutual ['mju:tju?l, 'mju:t?u?l]a. 共同的,相互的naughty ['n?:ti]a. 顽皮的,淘气的oxygen ['?ksid??n]n. 氧,氧气overcome [,?uv?'k?m]a. 充满了的,占据了的v. 战胜,克服obviously ['?bvi?sli]ad. 显然地participate [pɑ:'tisipeit]v. 参加,分享,参与personality [,p?:s?'n?liti]n. 个性paradise ['p?r?daiz]n. 天堂permanently ['p?:m?ntli]ad. 永久地peony ['pi?ni]n. 牡丹,芍药preserve [pri'z?:v]v. 保护,保持,维持,防腐,做蜜饯procedure [pr?'si:d??]n. 程序,手续,步骤private ['praivit]a. 私人的n. 士兵prevent [pri'vent]v. 预防,防止precious ['pre??s]a. 宝贵的,珍贵的qualified ['kw?lifaid]a. 有资格的vbl. 取得资格relieve [ri'li:v]v. 减轻,救济,解除resist [ri'zist]v. 抵抗,耐得住,压制rug [r?g]n. 毯子,地毯,旅行毯reaction [ri(:)'?k??n]n. 反应rhyme [raim]n. 韵,押韵,韵文v. 押韵shrimp [?rimp]n. 虾scale [skeil]n. 鳞,刻度,衡量,数值范围v. 依比例决定,攀登spinach ['spinid?; (US) 'spinit?] n. 菠菜shuttle ['??tl]n. 穿梭,往返移动之物v. 使...穿梭移动stomach ['st?m?k]n. 胃v. 忍受,容忍vt. 承受,忍受sensitive ['sensitiv]a. 敏感的,仪器灵敏的,易受伤害的,感光的starve [stɑ:v]v. 使饿死,饿得要死struggle ['str?gl]n. 竞争,努力,奋斗v. 努力,奋斗,挣扎stylish ['staili?]a. 现代风格的,流行的,潇洒的stretch [stret?]n. 伸展,张开a. 可伸缩的v. 伸展,张开,延伸status ['steit?s]n. 地位,身份,情形,状况shortcoming ['??:tk?mi?]n. 短处,缺点speedy ['spi:di]a. 快速的(高速的,迅速的,敏捷的,立即的)tame [teim]a. 驯服的,柔顺的,乏味的v. 驯养,使...驯服temperature ['temprit??(r)]n. 温度thriller ['θril?]n. 惊险小说turtle ['t?:tl]n. 海龟trunk [tr??k]n. 树干,躯干,(汽车后部)行李箱,象鼻troublesome ['tr?bls?m] a. 令人烦恼的,讨厌的unique [ju:'ni:k] a. 独一无二的,独特的,稀罕的wrist [rist]n. 腕,腕关节➢ 6.5分abundant [?'b?nd?nt] a. 丰富的,充裕的adore [?'d?:]v. 崇拜,爱慕,喜爱allergyn. 敏感症,反感,厌恶amiable ['eimi?b?l] a. 和蔼的,亲切的animationn. 活泼,生气,卡通制作appreciatev. 欣赏,感激,赏识approachn. 途径,方法v. 靠近,接近,动手处理attendant [?'tend?nt] a. 伴随的n. 服务员awesomea. 引起敬畏的,可怕的banquet ['b??kwit] n. 宴会vi. 宴请vt. 宴会,设宴bloom [blu:m]n. 花v. 开花billiarda. 撞球的block [bl?k]n. 街区,木块,石块v. 阻塞blonda. 金发的carnation [kɑ:'nei??n] n. 康乃馨(一种花) congestion [k?n'd?est??n] n. 混杂,拥挤,过剩capsule ['k?psju:l]n. 胶囊,太空舱cherish ['t?eri?]v. 珍爱,抚育,珍藏cheetah ['t?i:t?]n. 猎豹corral [k?:'rɑ:l]n. 畜栏v. 占有,围住crunchy ['kr?nt?i]a. 发嘎吱嘎吱声的, 易碎的crispy ['krispi]a.脆的chaos [' kei?s]n. 混乱collaboration [k?,l?b?'rei??n] n. 合作,通敌conquer ['k??k?]v. 克服,征服,战胜confront [k?n'fr?nt]v. 面对,对抗,遭遇cucumber ['kju:k?mb?]n. 黄瓜damn [d?m]a. 该死的，可恶的v. 诅咒,下地狱decease [di'si:s]死,死亡distract [dis'tr?kt]v. 转移,分心digest [di'd?est; dai'd?est]消化disguise [dis'gaiz]n. 假面目,假装v. 假装delicate ['delikit]a. 细致优雅的,微妙的,美味的deserted [di'z?:tid]a. 废弃的v. 遗弃vbl. 遗弃fireplace ['fai?pleis]n. 壁炉eggplant ['egplɑ:nt]n. 茄子elegant ['elig?nt]a. 优雅的,精美的,俊美的extraordinary [iks'tr?:dnri, iks'tr?:din?ri]a. 非常的,特别的essentially [i'sen??li]ad. 本质上,本来famine ['f?min]n. 饥荒fake [feik]n. 假货,欺蹒a. 假的v. 假造,仿造fabulous ['f?bjul?s]a. 传说的,无根据的,难以置信的feast [fi:st]n. 宴会,酒席,节会v. 款宴,享乐,请客flatter ['fl?t?]v. 过份夸赞,奉承,阿谀fortnight ['f?:tnait]n. 两星期faraway ['fɑ:r?wei]a. (神情)恍惚的,遥远的frustrated [fr?'streitid,'fr?-]a. 失败的, 落空的fringe [frind?]n. 边缘,端v. 加饰边于fascinate ['f?sineit]v. 令人入神,使...～迷fragrance ['freigr?ns]n. 香味fundamental [,f?nd?'mentl] a. 基本的,根本的n. 基本原理hippo ['hip?u]n. 河马grocery ['gr?us?ri]n. 杂货店greenery ['gri:n?ri]n. 绿树,绿色植物gorgeous ['g?:d??s]a. 华丽的,灿烂的,好极了hawthorn ['h?:θ?:n]n. 山楂hibernate ['haib?neit]v. 过冬,冬眠,避寒hesitation [,hezi'tei??n]n. 犹豫humid ['hju:mid]a. 潮湿的independent [indi'pend?nt] a. 独立的,自主的n. 独立派人士,无党派者initially [i'ni??li]ad. 最初,开头indefinite [in'definit]a. 模糊的,不确定的,无限的injection [in'd?ek??n]n. 注射jaguar ['d??gwɑ:]n. 美洲虎lacerate ['l?s?reit]v. 撕裂,伤害fierce [fi?s]a. 猛烈的,残忍的,狂暴的,强烈的liberty ['lib?ti]n. 自由lounge [laund?]n. 闲逛,休闲室,长沙发v. 闲荡,懒洋洋地躺卧magnificent [m?g'nifisnt]a. 壮丽的,宏伟的marvelousa.令人惊异的,了不起的,不平常的metropolis [mi'tr?p?lis]n. 大都市,重要中心,首府mimic ['mimik]a. 模仿的,假的[计算机] 模拟的merit ['merit]n. 功绩,价值,真相multiplication [,m?ltipli'kei??n] n. 乘法,增加,乘法表[计算机] 乘法newsreel ['nju:zri:l]n. 新闻影片narcissus [nɑ:'sis?s]水仙optimistic [,?pti'mistik]a. 乐观的,乐观主义的overwhelming [,?uv?'welmi?]a. 势不可挡的,压倒的obstacle ['?bst?kl]n. 障碍pedestrian [pe'destri?n]a. 徒步的,缺乏想像的n. 行人prosperity [pr?s'periti]n. 繁荣,兴旺projector [pr?'d?ekt?]n. 放映机(探照灯,发射装置,设计者,制图投射线)poke [p?uk]n. 刺,戳,袋v. 拨开,刺,探索roar [r?:]n. 吼,咆哮,轰鸣v. 吼,大声说出,叫喊sergeant ['sɑ:d??nt]n. 警官scarlet ['skɑ:lit]n. 深红色,斐红色,红衣a. 肥斐色的,深红色的smog [sm?g]n. 烟雾snore [sn?:, sn??]n. 鼾声v. 打鼾subsequent ['s?bsikw?nt]a. 随后的,后来的scatter ['sk?t?]n. 散播之物,散布v. 散开,散布,散播significant [sig'nifik?nt]a. 有意义的,相当数量的,意味深长的,重要的,重大的splendid ['splendid]a. 极好的surrender [s?'rend?]v. 投降,让与,屈服sufficient [s?'fi??nt] a. 足够的,充分的stumblingadj. 障碍的spacious ['spei??s]a. 广阔的,宽敞的sprinkle ['spri?kl]v. 洒,散置,微雨transparent [tr?ns'p??r?nt] a. 透明的numerous ['nju:m?r?s] a. 为数众多的,许多vogue [v?ug]n. 时尚wag [w?g]v. 摇摆witness ['witnis]n. 目击者,证人v. (为...)作证,目击vt. 目击worship ['w?:?ip]n. 崇拜,礼拜v. 崇拜,敬仰vi. 做礼拜vt. 崇拜zoologist [z?u'?l?d?ist]n. 动物学家➢7分amateur ['?m?t?, ,?m?'t?:] a. 业余的appliance [?'plai?ns]n. 器具,器械,装置apricotn. 杏子,杏色a. 杏色的artificiala. 人造的,虚伪的,武断的astonishment [?'st?ni?m?nt] n. 惊讶authentic [?:'θentik]a. 可靠的,可信的,真的,真正的bilinguala. 双语的beetle ['bi:tl]n. 甲虫vi. 忙碌地来回bladen. 刀锋,刀口briberyn. 贿络行为,行贿,受贿bustling a. 熙熙攘攘的,忙乱的broomstick ['brumstik]n. 扫帚柄（传说中女巫乘之飞行于空中）cathedral [k?'θi:dr?l]n. 大教堂cauliflower ['k?:liflau?]n. 花椰菜celery ['sel?ri]n. 芹菜climax ['klaim?ks]n. 高潮,极点,层进法cicada [si'keid?, -'kɑ:d?]蝉centipede ['sentipi:d]n. 蜈蚣chandelier [,??ndi'li?]n. 枝形吊灯(烛台)corruption [k?'r?p??n]n. 腐败,堕落,贪污deforestation [di,f?ris'tei??n]n. 采伐森林,森林开伐drizzly ['drizli]a. 毛毛雨的(a drizzly day) dioxide [dai'?ksaid]n. 二氧化物dimple ['dimpl]n. 酒窝,涟漪dwarf [dw?:f]n. 矮子,侏儒fertilize ['f?:tilaiz]v. 施肥,使丰饶flock [fl?k]n. 群v. 成群而行,聚集fiddle ['fidl]n. 小提琴v. 虚度时光,拉小提琴hazard ['h?z?d]n. 冒险,危险,危害v. 冒...的危险,赌运气hassle ['h?sl]n. 困难，麻烦vi. 争论vt. 与...争辩hypermarket [,haip?'mɑ:kit] n. 特大百货商场,特大超级商场gleam [gli:m] n. 微弱的闪光,瞬息的一现v. 闪烁,隐约地闪现fig [fig]n. 无花果Husky ['h?ski]n. 哈士奇incentive [in'sentiv]a. 刺激的,鼓励的n. 刺激,鼓励,动机intimate ['intimit]a. 亲密的,私人的,秘密的v. 暗示,通知,告诉insomnia [in's?mni?]n. 失眠(症)impulsive [im'p?lsiv]a. 冲动的,受感情驱使的,任性的impeccable [im'pek?bl]a. 无瑕疵的infusion [in'fju:??n]n. 灌输,激励lark [lɑ:k]n. 云雀,欢乐,百灵鸟leopard ['lep?d]n. 豹lettuce ['letis]n. 莴苣missionary ['mi??n?ri]n. 传教士,负有任务者,工作人员a. 传教的,负有使命的melancholy ['mel?nk?li]n. 忧沉,悲哀,愁思a. 忧沉的,使人悲伤的,愁思的mermaid ['m?:meid]n. 美人鱼nostalgic [n?'st?ld?ik, n?-]a. 乡愁的,怀旧的obedient [?'bi:dj?nt, -di?nt]a. 服从的,顺从的pavilion [p?'vilj?n]n. 大帐蓬,观众席,楼阁v. 搭帐蓬pessimistic [,pesi'mistik]a. 悲观的panther ['p?nθ?]n. 豹penetrate ['penitreit]v. 穿透,渗透,看穿protein ['pr?uti:n]a. 蛋白质的n. 蛋白质patriotism ['p?tri?tiz?m, 'pei-] n. 爱国心,爱国精神pedal ['pedl]n. 踏板a. 脚的,踏脚的v. 用脚踏动,踩踏板petal ['petl]n. 花瓣raccoon [r?'ku:n]n. 浣熊,其毛皮reptile ['reptail]a. 爬虫类的n. 爬行动物reluctant [ri'l?kt?nt]a. 不情愿的,勉强的radioactive ['reidi?u'?ktiv] a. 放射性的rhino ['rain?u]n. 犀牛roar [r?:]n. 吼,咆哮,轰鸣v. 吼,大声说出,叫喊sensational [sen'sei??n?l] a. 使人感动的,非常好的serendipity [,ser?n'dipiti]n. 善于发掘新奇事物的天赋shabby ['??bi]a. 破旧的(低劣的)sledge [sled?]n. 雪橇,大锤v. 用雪橇搬运,坐雪橇往substance ['s?bst?ns]n. 物质,实质,基本内容superstitious [,sju:p?'sti??s] a. 迷信的spectacular [spek't?kjul?] a. 公开展示的,惊人的sympathetic [,simp?'θetik] a. 同情的,共鸣的tadpole ['t?dp?ul]n. 蝌蚪tranquil ['tr??kwil]a. 安静的,宁静的trolley ['tr?li]n. 手推车trophy ['tr?ufi]n. 奖品,战利品tedious ['ti:di?s]a. 沉闷的unmistakablyad. 明白地ultraviolet ['?ltr?'vai?lit] a. 紫外线的wasp [w?sp]n. 黄蜂,胡蜂weasel ['wi:zl]n. 鼬鼠,狡猾的人旅游类旅游方式5.5分6.5分7分backpack travel 背包旅行/自助旅行package tour 随团旅行guided tour 有导游带领的旅游driving tour 自驾游walking tour 步行旅游cycling tour 骑自行车旅游camping 露营motorbike travel 摩托车旅游business travel 公务旅行adventure travel 探险旅游bush walking 丛林徒步旅游coach /greyhound travel巴士旅游extreme travel 极限旅游exploring travel 探索旅游leisure travel 休闲观光exotic travel 异域旅游eco-tourism 生态旅游solo / independent travel自助旅游charter tour 租车/船旅游self-guided tour 自雇导游旅游cruise 乘船巡游outbound tourism /outbound travel出境游excursion / outing 短途旅游expedition 考察，远征旅游景点 5.5分6.5分7分historical relics 历史遗迹tourist attraction 旅游胜地places of interest 旅游胜地scenic spot/ places of attractions 旅游景点 hot travel spot 黄金景点hot travel route 黄金线路vacation destination 休假目的地cave 洞穴resort 度假地 naturalsplendor/attraction 自然景观historical and cultural heritage 历史文化遗产ancient monument 古迹fascinating scenery 迷人的景色 natural landscape 天然景观traditional architecture 传统建筑summer resort 避暑胜地national park 国家公园 unearthed cultural relics 出土文物ancient architecturalcomplex 古建筑群 emperor’smausoleum/tomb 陵墓 stalagmite 石笋 stalactite 钟乳石 landscape of lakes and hills 湖光山色 enclosed/surrounded bythe hills on one side and waters on the other 依山傍水 picturesque views 景色如画 famousBuddhistmountain 佛教名山旅游目的地5.5分6.5分7分stream 小溪highland 高地，高原plain 平原，旷野desert 沙漠bay 海湾beach 海滩seaside 海滨seashore 海岸port 港口harbor 海港grassland 草原sands 沙滩Rain forest 雨林jungle 丛林island 岛屿basin 盆地deserted 荒芜的spectacular 壮观的breath-taking 惊人的amazing 令人惊奇的refreshing 新鲜宜人的soothing 令人放松的enchanting /charming/alluring/fascinating迷人的appealing 吸引人的delightful 令人愉悦的Foothill 山麓小丘isolated人烟罕至的secluded 僻静的交通方式5.5分6.5分7分air travel乘飞机旅游coach 大巴车touring bus 旅游车hovercraft 气垫船yacht 游艇ferry boat 轮渡express train 快速列车greyhound 灰狗巴士excursion train 游览列车喜好类Like Dislike7分Be in favor ofBe appealed byBe attracted byBe fascinated with/aboutBe crazy aboutBe interested inBe addicted toI’m fairly keen on…I’m really into…I’m quite a big fan of…I’m quite enthusiastic/passionate about…I’m obsessed with…I’m pretty fond of …I simply adore…I generally prefer…to…I’m totally mad about…I’m not so keen on…I’m really not that fond of …I’m not much of a fan of…I really can’t stand…I am not so crazy about…“beautiful”或“good”7分Gorgeous Amazing Fantastic overwhelming splendid marvelous terrific fabulous excellent wonderful Classy Outstanding Perfectmind-blowing sensational Flawless Impeccable delicate exquisite stunning elegant Gracious Graceful remarkable comely A piece of cake /veryeasya couple of 几个A bunch of 一些Loads of = tons of Alot ofMake sense =BereasonableWould be the last thing Iwant to doGet the hang of /Toknow basically aboutWhat a shame!/What apity!Way off bases /totallyGet on my nerves /Makeme feel upsetcoz /becauseIs no picnic = is a painin the neck /veryfrustratingStuff /Things ：The stuffin that store is verypriceypretty /very ：My iPodis pretty funadore /Like verymuch ：I adore thatsinger very muchEye-opening ：Trips toother countries can bereally eye-openingKind of=sort of/Somewhat/a little bit ：It’s sort of romantic天气5.5分6.5分Warm Dry Windy Sunny Cloudy Hot Rainy Shower Thunder Lightening Typhoon Tornado Hurricane Cool Clearfog/foggy Cold pretty cold Freezing Snowy Humid Droughtdrizzle/drizzly breeze/breezy GloomyGale Sandstorm boiling hot/sultry Stuffy DroughtyHaila gust of wind Cyclone Rainbowcats and dogs Downpour Occasional ChillyFrostMistHazeBlizzard活动5.5分6.5分play meet help Hang outCome cross; encounter; run into Do someone a favordestroyTo do sth. relaxation Waste timeSit in the sun Ruin, spoilTo go about sth.Leisure; recreationIdle one’s time away; fool aroundBask; catch some rays物品5.5分6.5分Expensive, valuable Fashionable, popular in Good tasteBad productsOld; newHuge；BigSmall PriceyStylish; trendy ClassyTrashWorn-out; brand-new Giant, gigantic Tiny, little, mini情绪和建筑5.5分6.5分happysadboringdecideTall buildings DelightedIn low spirits; blue; downIt’s a dragDetermineSkyscrapers; high-rise buildingslarge narrow uglyolddirty important Broad, Spacious, roomy Cramped，confined, limited HideousTime-honoredFilthyEssential电影7分类型形容词影片,电影(美作:movie)film, motion picture新闻片,纪录片newsreel记录片,文献片documentary (film)电影界filmdom文艺片literary film音乐片musicals喜剧片comedy悲剧片tragedy恐怖片dracula movie武侠片swordsmen film侦探片detective film伦理片ethical film黄色片erotic film 充满活力的energetic充满热情的soulful动听的interesting or pleasant to listen to放松，休息relax放松的relaxing抚慰的，使人宽心的soothing感到空虚feel void感伤的sentimental鼓舞的inspiring和谐的，音调谐美的tuneful怀旧的nostalgic激励人的encouraging减压ease pressure西部片western movies系列片serial预告片trailer卡通片,动画片cartoon (film)影片长度footage长片full-length film, feature film短片short(film)彩色片(美作:color film) color film 默片,无声片silent film配音复制的影片,译制片dubbed film 无声电影silent cinema, silent films 有声电sound motion picture, talkie影片名title原着original version对白dialogue字幕subtitles, subtitling 浪漫的romantic令人放松的relaxing强烈的节奏strong beat容易理解easy to understand上进的aspiring使人清醒refresh one's mind舒缓紧张的神经soothe our nerves逃避，解脱escape消磨时间kill time忧郁的black，blue，dumpish，dusky 悠扬的melodious，rising and falling 有压力的stressful娱乐，分心，分心的事物distraction 悦耳的pleasant悦耳的音调melody人物7分外貌性格暗灰褐色mousy编辫子的with plaits 波浪形的wavy不整齐的untidy 有进取心的aggressive 机灵的alert有雄心壮志的ambitious 和蔼可亲的amiable短的short发型长的long光秃的bald红头发的a red head金发fair金黄色blonde眷曲的curly刘海fringes马尾巴发型pony-tail染色的dyed深色dark向后梳的swept back谢顶receding右分头parted on the right side 圆发髻in a bun整齐的neat直的straight白皮肤fair-skinned薄嘴唇thin lips长鼻梁long nose长睫毛long eye lashes长脸long face 友好的amicable善于分析的analytical有理解力的apprehensive有志气的，有抱负的aspiring大胆的，有冒险精神audacious能胜任的competent有信心的confident认真的，自觉的conscientious体贴的considerate建设性的constructive好沉思的contemplative老练的，有策略的diplomatic守纪律的disciplined(在行动、说话等方面)谨慎的discreet 尽职的dutiful负责任的responsible认真的earnest受过良好教育的well-educated有效率的efficient精力充沛的energetic充满热情的enthusiastic善于表达expressive朝天鼻turned-up nose大胡子(络缌胡) beam带斑的with spots戴眼镜的with glasses淡褪色的眼睛hazel eyes淡眉毛thin eye brows方脸square肤色苍白的pale肤色较深的slightly tanned 高高的颧骨high cheek bones 高颧骨high cheek bones瓜子脸oval刮过脸的clean-shaven黑皮肤black黑痣a mole厚嘴唇full lips胡须（唇上部）moustache 胡须（唇下部）beards胡须茬儿bristle，stubble化妆的(well) made-up黄皮肤oriental尖尖的下巴pointed chin 守信的，忠诚的faithful坚强的forceful(性格)直率的，真诚的frank宽宏大量的generous，large-hearted 有教养的genteel有礼貌的gentle勤劳的hard-working精神饱满的hearty诚实的honest殷勤的hospitable恭顺的humble幽默的humorous公正的impartial有主见的independent勤奋的industrious有独创性的ingenious首创精神initiative正直的just好心的kind-hearted有见识的knowledgeable精通某门学问的learned心胸宽大的liberal连鬓胡子side-burns浓密的眉毛thick bushy eyebrows胖乎乎的脸蛋plump cheeks；chubby cheeks雀斑freckle山羊胡子a goatee beard深棕色的眼睛dark brown eyes瘦脸thin瘦削的面孔a haggard face双下巴a double chin双眼皮double eye lid突前额high forehead未剃胡子unshaven鹰钩鼻a roman nose有皱纹的with wrinkles; with lines圆脸round直鼻梁straight nose棕褐色的sunburned; suntanned棕色皮肤brown 条理分明的logical忠心耿耿的loyal有方法的methodical谦虚的modest目的明确的motivated客观的objective虚心的open-minded守纪律的orderly有独创性的original辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的painstaking 一丝不苟的precise合格的qualified有理性的rational实事求是的realistic讲道理的reasonable可信赖的reliable负责的responsible自觉的self-conscious无私的selfless有系统的systematic性情温和的sweet-tempered稳健的temperate孜孜不偿的tireless。

ContentsA (5)B (6)C (7)D (9)E (10)F (11)G (12)H (11)I (12)J (12)K (12)L (13)M (14)N (15)O (15)P (16)Q (17)R (17)S (18)T (20)U (21)V (21)W (21)Y (21)Z (21)Appendix 1 (21)Cardinal numbers (21)Ordinal numbers (21)Days of the week (21)Months of the year (21)Seasons of the year (21)Countries, languages and nationalities (21)Continents (21)Health, Medicine and Exercise (25)Aa/an (det)able (adj)•be able toabout (adv & prep)•What about a cold drink?•I have about £3. (adv)• a book about animals (prep) above (adv & prep)accident (n)across (adv & prep)•The bank’s across the road.•He walked across the bridge. act (n & v)activity (n)actor (n)actually (adv)ad (n)•an ad on TVadd (v)address (n)adult (adj & n)advanced (adj)adventure (n)advertisement (n)advice (n)aeroplane (n)afraid (adj)after (adv & prep)afternoon (n)afterwards (adv)again (adv)against (prep)•We watched England play against France.age (n)•I don’t know his age.aged (adj) ago (adv)agree (v)•Yes, I agree with you.•Don’t you agree, Sam?air (n)•to travel by airairport (n)alarm clock (n)album (n)all (adv, det & pron)all right/alright (adj, adv & exclam)almost (adv)alone (adj & adv)along (prep)already (adv)alright (adj, adv & exclam)also (adv)always (adv)a.m. (adv)amazing (adj)ambulance (n)among (prep)an (det)and (conj)angry (adj)animal (n)another (det & pron)answer (n & v)any (det & pron)anybody (pron)anymore (adv)anyone (pron)anything (pron)anyway (adv)anywhere (adv)apartment (n)apartment building (n)apple (n)appointment (n)•an appointment with thedoctorarea (n)arm (n)armchair (n)around (adv & prep)•to travel around (adv)•to sit around the table (prep)arrive (v)art (n)article (n)•an article about skiingartist (n)as (conj & prep)•as good as•as soon as possible•the same asask (v)assistant (n)as well (adv)as well (as) (prep)at (prep)at / @ (prep)•My email address isdavid@attractive (adj)aunt (n)autumn (n)available (adj)away (adv)•He’s gone away•It’s two kilometres awayawful (adj)Bbaby (n)back (n, adv & adj)backpack (n)bad (adj)badly (adv)badminton (n)bag (n)bake (v)ball (n)balloon (n)banana (n)band (n)bandage (n)bank (n)•I changed my money in the bank.barbecue (n)baseball (n)basketball (n)bat (n)bath (n)bathing suit (n)bathroom (n)bathtub (n)battery (n)be (av & v)beach (n)bean (n)bear (n)beard (n)beautiful (adj)because (conj)become (v)bed (n)bedroom (n)bee (n) before (adv, conj & prep)begin (v)beginner (n)beginning (n)behind (adv & prep)believe (v)belong (v)below (adv & prep)belt (n)beside (prep)best (adj & adv)better (adj & adv)between (prep)bicycle (n)big (adj)bike (n)bill (n)•Can I have my bill, please?biology (n)bird (n)birth (n)birthday (n)biscuit (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:cookie)bit (n)•Just a small bit of cake,please.black (adj & n)blackboard (n)blanket (n)block (n)•Shall we walk round theblock?blond(e) (adj)blood (n)blouse (n)blue (adj & n)board (n)•The teacher’s writing on the(black/white)board.board game (n)boat (n)body (n)boil (v)boiled (adj)book (n & v)bookcase (n)bookshelf (n)bookshop (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:bookstore)bookstore (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:bookshop)boot (n)• a pair of bootsbored (adj)boring (adj)born (v)•I was born in Manchester.borrow (v)•She borrowed a book from thelibrary.boss (n)both (pron & det)bother (v)bottle (n)bottom (n)•at the bottom of the stairsbowl (n)box (n)boy (n)boyfriend (n)brain (n)brave (adj)bread (n)break (n & v)• a break for lunch (n) •Someone’s broken the window. (v) breakfast (n)bridge (n)bright (adj)brilliant (adj)•I thought the film was brilliant! bring (v)broken (adj)brother (n)brown (adj & n)brush (n & v)build (v)building (n)burger (n)bus (n)business (n)businessman (n)businesswoman (n)bus station (n)bus stop (n)busy (adj)but (conj)butter (n)buy (v)by (prep)bye (exclam)Ccafe/café (n)cafeteria (n)cake (n)calendar (n)call (n & v)•I’ll call (phone) again later this afternoon.•He’s called John.•I’m waiting for a call from Anna.camel (n)camera (n)camp (v)camping (n)campsite (n)cap (n)capital (n)can (n & mv)candy (n)cannot (mv)car (n)•birthday card•credit cardcareer (n)careful (adj)•Be careful!carefully (adv)car park (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:parking lot)carpet (n)carrot (n)carry (v)cartoon (n)case (n)cash (n & v)castle (n)cat (n)catch (v)cathedral (n)CD (n)CD player (n)ceiling (n)cell phone (n)centre/center (n)centimetre/centimeter (cm) (n)century (n)cereal (n)certainly (not) (adv)chain (n)chair (n)change (v & n)channel (n)chat (n)chatroom (n)cheap (adj)check (v)cheese (n)chef (n)chemist (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:drugstore)chemistry (n)cheque (n)chess (n)chicken (n)child (n)chilli (n)chips (n pl)•egg and chipschocolate (n)choose (v)cinema (n)circle (n)circus (n)city (n)class (n)• a language class• a first-class ticket classical (adj)classmate (n)classroom (n)clean (adj & v)cleaner (n)clear (adj)•It’s not clear to me.clearly (adv)clever (adj)click (n & v)•click here to go to ourwebsiteclimb (v)climbing (n)clock (n)close (adj & v)close to (prep phr)closed (adj)clothes (n pl)cloud (n)cloudy (adj)clown (n)club (n)•to join a clubcoach (n)• a coach trip• a tennis coachcoat (n)coffee (n)cola (n)cold (adj & n)colleague (n)collect (v)college (n)colour (n & v)comb (n)come (v)comfortable (adj)comic (n)company (n)•What’s the name of yourcompany?competition (n)complete (v)computer (n)concert (n)congratulations! (exclam)contact (n & v)conversation (n)cook (n & v)cooker (n)cookie (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:biscuit)cooking (n)cool (adj & exclam)•That’s a cool bike! (adj)copy (v)corner (n)•the corner of the streetcorrect (adj)cost (n & v)costume (n)•I forgot my swimmingcostume.could (mv)country (n)countryside (n)course (n)• a university course• a main course•of course (not)cousin (n)cover (v)cow (n)crazy (adj)cream (adj & n)credit card (n)cricket (n)cross (n & v)•Don’t cross the road here! (v)crossing (n)•Use the crossing to cross thestreet.crowd (n)crowded (adj)cry (v)•The baby’s crying.cup (n)cupboard (n)curry (n)curtain (n)customer (n)cut (v)cycle (v)cycling (n)Ddad (n)daily (adj & adv)dance (n & v)dancer (n)dancing (n)danger (n)dangerous (adj)dark (adj)date (n)•What’s the date today? daughter (n)day (n)dead (adj)dear (adj)•Dear Anne,decide (v)deep (adj)degree (n)•The temperature’s 30degrees today.delay (n & v)•There will be a delay of two hours. (n)•The flight is delayed. (v) dentist (n)department (n)department store (n)describe (v)desert (n)desk (n)dessert (n)detail (n)diary (n)dictionary (n)die (v)difference (n)different (adj)difficult (adj)digital (adj)digital camera (n)dining room (n)dinner (n)dinosaur (n)diploma (n)dirty (adj)disco (n)discount (n)discuss (v)dish (n)•Chicken and chips is myfavourite dish.do (av & v)doctor (n)document (n)dog (n)doll (n)dollar (n)dolphin (n)door (n)dot (n)•dot comdouble (adj)• a double roomdown (adv & prep)download (n & v)•I downloaded the songs fromthe internet (v).downstairs (adv)Dr (n)draw (v)drawer (n)drawing (n)dream (n & v)dress (n & v)dressed (adj)drink (n & v)drive (v)driver (n)driving licence (n)drugstore (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:chemist)drum (n)dry (adj & v)duck (n)during (prep)DVD (n)DVD player (n)Eeach (det & pron)ear (n)early (adj & adv)earn (v)earring (n)easily (adv)east (n, adj & adv)easy (adj)eat (v)egg (n)electric (adj)electricity (n)elephant (n)elevator (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: lift) else (adv)•Anything else?email (n & v)empty (adj)end (v & n)engine (n)engineer (n)enjoy (v) enough (adv, det & pron)enter (v)•Are you going to enter theposter competition?•Please enter through the sidedoor.entrance (n)envelope (n)eraser (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:rubber)especially (adv)euro (n)even (adv)evening (n)ever (adv)every (det)everybody (pron)everyone (pron)everything (pron)everywhere (adv)exactly (adv)examination/exam (n)example (n)•Look at the example first.•for exampleexcellent (adj)except (conj & prep)excited (adj)exciting (adj)excuse (v)•Excuse me!exercise (n & v)exhibition (n)•art exhibitionexit (n)expensive (adj)explain (v)explore (v)explorer (n)•This book’s about famousexplorers.extra (adj)eye (n)Ffact (n)factory (n)fail (v)fair (adj)•She has fair hair.fall (n & v)•in the fall (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: autumn)•he fell and hurt his leg (v) family (n)famous (adj)fan (n)fantastic (adj)far (adv)•How far is the next garage? farm (n)farmer (n)fashion (n)fast (adj & adv)fast food (n)fat (adj)father (n)favourite (adj)feel (v)•to feel wellfestival (n)few (det & adj)field (n)file (n)fill (v)fill in (phr v)•to fill in a form final (adj)finally (adv)find (v)find out (phr v)fine (adj)•That’s fine!•I’m fine, thank you.•The weather is fine.finger (n)finish (v)fire (n)first (adv & adj)•First… then… (adv)•John came first. (adv)•first prize (adj)first name (n)fish (n & v)fishing (n)fit (adj)flat (n)flight (n)floor (n)•The bedrooms are on the firstfloor.•Don’t leave your clothes onthe floor.flower (n)fly (v)fog (n)foggy (adj)follow (v)food (n)•my right footfootball (n)footballer (n)for (prep)foreign (adj)forest (n)forget (v)fork (n)•knife and forkform (n)•Fill in this form.free (adj & adv)French fries (n) (Am Eng) (BrEng: chips)fresh (adj)•fresh fruitfridge (n)fried (adj)friend (n)friendly (adj)from (prep)front (n)•in the front of the train•Stand in front of me.fruit (n)full (adj)fun (adj & n)funny (adj)furniture (n)further (adj)future (n)Ggame (n)garage (n)garden (n)garlic (n)gas (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: petrol)gas station (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: petrol station)gate (n)geography (n)get (v)get fit (v)get off (phr v)•to get off the busget on (phr v)•to get on the busget up (phr v)•to get up in the morning gift (n)girl (n)girlfriend (n)give (v)glad (adj)glass (n)glasses (n pl)glove (n)go (v)goal (n)gold (n & adj)golden (adj)golf (n)good (adj)good afternoon (exclam)goodbye (exclam)good evening (exclam)good-looking (adj)good morning (exclam)good night (exclam)go out (phr v)•Are you going out thisevening?grade (n)gram(me) (n)grandchild (n)grand(d)ad (n)granddaughter (n)grandfather (n)grandma (n)grandmother (n)grandpa (n)grandparent (n)grandson (n)granny (n)grape (n)grass (n)great (adj)green (adj)grey (adj & n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:gray)grilled (adj)grocery store (n) (Am Eng)group (n)grow (v)grow up (phr v)guess (v)guest (n)guest-house (n)guide (n)guidebook (n)guitar (n)guy (n)•He’s a really nice guy.gym (n)Hhalf (det, n & pron)half-price (adj)hall (n)hand (n)handbag (n)happen (v)happy (adj)hard (adj & adv)•hard wood (adj)•the homework was hard (adj) •to work hard (adv)hat (n)hate (v)have (av & v)have got to (mv)have to (mv)he (pron)head (n)•My head hurts.help (v)her (det & pron)here (adv)hers (pron)•by herselfhey (exclam)hi (exclam)high (adj)hill (n)him (pron)himself (pron)•by himselfhip hop (n)his (det & pron)history (n)hit (v)hobby (n)hockey (n)hold (v)holiday (n)home (n & adv)homework (n)headache (n)headteacher (n)health (n)healthy (adj)hear (v)heart (n)•Can you turn the heating on?heavy (adj)• a heavy blankethelicopter (n)hello (exclam)honey (n)hope (v)horrible (adj)horse (n)hospital (n)hot (adj)hotel (n)hour (n)house (n)housewife (n)how (adv)however (adv)hungry (adj)hurry (v)hurt (v)husband (n)II (pron)ice (n)ice cream (n)ice skating (n)ID (n)ID card (n)idea (n) identification (n) if (conj)ill (adj) immediately (adv) important (adj) improve (v)in (adv & prep)include (v)including (prep)indoor (adj)indoors (adv)information (n)in front of (prep phr)insect (n)inside (adv & prep)instead (adv)instructions (n pl)instrument (n)interested (adj)interesting (adj)international (adj)internet (n)into (prep)invitation (n)invite (v)island (n)it (pron)IT (n)its (det)itself (pron)Jjacket (n)jam (n)•fruit jamjazz (n)jeans (n pl)jewellery (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng: jewelry)job (n)join (v)journalist (n)journey (n)juice (n)jump (v)jumper (n)just (adv)•I’ve just seen Tom.•Just a moment.Kkeep (v)•May I keep this?•Keep right!key (n)keyboard (n)•I play the keyboard in a band. •The keyboard for mycomputer is broken.kick (n & v)kilogramme (kg) (n) (Br Eng)(Am Eng: kilogram)kilometre (km) (n) (Br Eng)(Am Eng: kilometer)kind (adj & n)•That’s very kind of you.•What kind of book do youwant?king (n)kiss (n & v)kit (n)kitchen (n)kite (n)knife (n)know (v)Llamp (n)language (n)laptop (computer) (n)large (adj)last (adj & det)late (adv & adj)•The train is going to be late.(adj)later (adv)•I’ll see you later.latest (adj)laugh (v)lazy (adj)learn (v)least (adv)•at leastleather (n & adj)leave (v)•The train leaves at 10 o’clock.•I left my bag in the cinema. •There isn’t any milk left.left (adj, adv & n)•Go to the left. (n)•left hand (adj)•Turn left. (adv)left-hand (adj)leg (n)lemon (n)lemonade (n)less (adj, det & pron)lesson (n)let (v)letter (n)level (n)•language levellibrary (n)licence (n)driving licencelie down (phr v)life (n)lift (n)•Take the lift to the third floor.light (n & adj)like (adv, prep & v)•W hat’s the weather like?(adv)•It’s like an orange but bigger.(prep)•I’d like a drink. (v)line (n)•draw a line•the next linelion (n)list (n)listen (v)litre (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng: liter)little (adj)live (v)long (adj)look (v)•You look happy.•Don’t look now!look after (phr v)look at (phr v)look for (phr v)look out (phr v)•Look out –it’s going tofall!lorry (n)lose (v)•We lost the game.•I’ve lost my passport.lost (adj)lots / a lot (n)• a lot of homework.loud (adj)love (n & v)lovely (adj)low (adj)luck (n)lucky (adj)luggage (n)lunch (n)lunchtime (n)Mmachine (n)mad (adj)magazine (n)mail (n)main course (n)make (v)make-up (n)man (n)manager (n)mango (n)many (det & pron)map (n)mark (n)market (n)married (adj)match (n)•football matchmaths/mathematics (n) (Br Eng)(Am Eng: math)matter (n & v)•It doesn’t matter. (v) •What’s the matter? (n)may (mv)maybe (adv)me (pron)meal (n)mean (v)meat (n)mechanic (n)medicine (n)meet (v)meeting (n)melon (n)member (n)• a member of a clubmemory (n) menu (n)message (n)metre (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:meter)midday (n)middle (n)•in the middlemidnight (n)might (mv)mile (n)milk (n)million (n)mind (v)•Do you mind if I close thewindow?•I don’t mind if…•Never mind.•Mind your head!mine (pron)mineral water (n)minus (prep)minute (n)mirror (n)Miss (n)miss (v)missing (adj)mistake (n)mix (v)mobile (phone) (n)model (n)modern (adj)moment (n)•Just a moment.money (n)monkey (n)month (n)monthly (adj & adv)moon (n)more (adj, adv, det & pron)morning (n)most (adj, adv, det & pron)mother (n)motorbike (n)motorway (n)mountain (n)mouse (n)mouth (n)move (v)movie (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:film)movie theater (n) (Am Eng) (BrEng: cinema)movie star (n) (Am Eng) (BrEng: film star)MP3 player (n)Mr (n)Mrs (n)Ms (n)much (adj, adv, det & pron)mug (n)mum (n)museum (n)mushroom (n)music (n)musical (adj)musician (n)must (mv)my (det)myself (pron)•by myselfNname (n)national (adj)nationality (n)nature (n)near (adv & prep)nearly (adv)neck (n)necklace (n)need (v)neighbour (n)net (n)•I found a great website on the net. never (adv)new (adj)news (n)newspaper (n)next (adj & adv)next to (prep)nice (adj)night (n)no (adv, det & pron)nobody (pron)noise (n)noisy (adj)noon (n)no one (pron)normal (adj)north (n, adj & adv)nose (n)not (adv)note (n & v)notebook (n)nothing (pron)notice (n)now (adv)number (n)nurse (n)Ooccupation (n)o'clock (adv)of (prep)of course (not) (adv) off (adv)offer (n & v)office (n)often (adv)oh (exclam)oil (n)•car oil •cooking oilOK/okay (exclam) old (adj)omelette (n)on (prep & adv) once (adv)•only onceone (det & pron)onion (n)online (adj & adv)only (adv & adj)•I only wanted to help.•the only oneopen (adj & v)opera (n)opposite (prep)or (conj)orange (adj & n)order (n)other (det & pron)our (det)ours (pron)ourselves (pron)out (adv)outdoors (adv)out of (prep)outside (prep & adv)over (prep & adv)•over 60 people (adv)•to travel all over the world(prep)own (adj)•They cook their own meals.Ppack (v)•pack a suitcasepage (n)pain (n)paint (v & n)painter (n)painting (n)pale (adj)pair (n)• a pair of shoespaper (n & adj)pardon (exclam)• Pardon?parent (n)park (n & v)parking lot (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: car park)part (n)•the best part of the daypartner (n)party (n)pass (v)•You pass the station on the left. •to pass a driving test passenger (n)passport (n)past (prep)pasta (n)path (n)pay (v)PC (personal computer) (n)pear (n)pen (n)pence (n)pencil (n)pencil case (n)penfriend (n)penny (n)people (n pl)pepper (n)per (prep)perfect (adj)perfume (n)perhaps (adv)person (n)pet (n)petrol (n)petrol station (n)pharmacy (n)phone (v & n)photo(graph) (n)photographer (n)photography (n)physics (n)piano (n)pick up (phr v)picnic (n)picture (n)piece (n)• a piece of cakepillow (n)pilot (n)pink (adj)pity (n)•What a pity!pizza (n)place (n)plan (n & v)plane (n)•The plane was late.plant (n)plastic (n & adj)plate (n)platform (n)•Your train leaves fromPlatform 8.play (v & n)•to play football (v)•to play the guitar (v)• a play at the theatre (n)player (n)playground (n)pleasant (adj)please (v & exclam)•I’m very pleased for you. (v)•Please be quiet!pleased (adj)plus (prep)p.m. (adv)pocket (n)point (v)police (n)police car (n)police officer (n)police station (n)polite (adj)pool (n)•swimming poolpoor (adj)pop (n)•pop musicpopular (adj)possible (adj)possibly (adv)post (v & n)•to post a letter•What’s in the post today?postcard (n)poster (n)post office (n)potato (n)pound (£) (n)practice (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:practise)•football practicepractise (v)•You must practise if you want to play well.prefer (v)prepare (v)present (n)∙ a birthday presentpretty (adj) price (n)print (v)printer (n)prize (n)probably (adv)problem (n)program (n)∙ a computer programprogramme (n)∙ a TV programmeproject (n)• a school projectpull (v)pupil (n)purple (adj)purse (n)push (v)put (v)put on (phr v)puzzle (n)Qquarter (n)∙ a quarter of an hour queen (n)question (n)quick (adj)quickly (adv)quiet (adj)quite (adv)•Are you quite sure?•quite oldquiz (n)Rrabbit (n)race (n & v)• a running race (n)•She raced her brother to the bus stop. (v)racket (n)•Can I borrow your tennis racket? radio (n)railway (n)rain (n & v)raincoat (n)rap (n)read (v)reading (n)ready (adj)•When will it be ready?real (adj)really (adv)reason (n)receipt (n)receive (v)receptionist (n)record (v)red (adj)refrigerator (n)remember (v)rent (v)repair (v)repeat (v)rest (n & v)•to have a rest (n)•‘Try to rest’, the doctor said.(v)restaurant (n)return (n & v)•my return from holiday (n)•He returned home late. (v)•She returned her libraryrice (n)rich (adj)ride (n & v)right (n, adj & adv)•He swam to the right. (n)•your right hand (adj)•That’s the right answer.(adj)•Turn right here. (adv)right hand (adj)ring (n)river (n)road (n)roast (v & adj)rock (n)•rock concertroof (n)room (n)• a double roomroundabout (n) rubber (n) rugby (n)ruler (n)run (v) runner (n) running (n)Ssad (adj)safe (adj)sail (v)sailing (n)salad (n)sale (n)•for salesalt (n)same (adj & pron)•at the same time (adj)•Your watch is the same as mine.(pron)sandwich (n)sauce (n)sausage (n)save (v)•to save money•to save timesay (v)scarf (n)school (n)schoolchild (n)science (n)scissors (n pl)scooter (n)screen (n)sea (n)seat (n)second (adj, det & n)secretary (n)see (v)sell (v)send (v)sentence (n)serve (v)set (n)several (det & pron)shall (mv)shame (n)•What a shame!shampoo (n & v)share (v)she (pron)sheep (n)sheet (n)• a bed sheetshelf (n)ship (n)shirt (n)shoe (n)shop (n & v)shop assistant (n)shopping (n)short (adj)• a short timeshorts (n pl)should (mv)shout (v)show (v & n)•Show me your photos. (v)• a film show (n)shower (n)shut (v)sick (adj)side (n)•this side of the roomsightseeing (n)sign (n)silver (n & adj)simple (adj)since (prep)sing (v)singer (n)singing (n)single (adj)sink (n)sister (n)sit (v)sit down (phr v)site (n)sitting room (n)size (n)skate (v)skateboard (n)skateboarding (n)skating (n)ski (v)skiing (n)skirt (n)sky (n)sleep (v)slice (n)slim (adj)slow (adj)slowly (adv)small (adj)smoke (v)smoking (n)snack (n)snowboard (n)snowboarding (n)so (conj & adv)•So, I think it’s right. (conj) •He ate too much, so he felt ill.(conj)•He wanted to go but he didn’t say so. (adv)soap (n)soccer (n)sock (n)sofa (n)soft (adj)software (n)some (det & pron)somebody (pron)someone (pron)something (pron)sometimes (adv)somewhere (adv)son (n)song (n)soon (adv)sorry (adj)•I’m sorry I’m late.•Sorry, I don’t understand that. sort (n)sound (v)•That sounds nice.soup (n)south (n, adj & adv)space (n)spare (adj)speak (v)speaker (n)special (adj)spell (v)spelling (n)spend (v)spoon (n)sport (n)sports centre (n)spring (n)•I hate winter but I love spring.square (n & adj)stadium (n)staff (n)stage (n)stairs (n pl)stamp (n)•Put a stamp on the envelope.stand (v)•She was standing at the busstop.star (n & v)start (v)station (n)stay (v)steak (n)steal (v)•Someone’s stolen my bag!still (adv)stomach (n)stomach ache (n)stop (n & v)store (n)storm (n)story (n)straight (adj & adv)• a straight line (adj)•Go straight on. (adv)strange (adj)•That’s a strange story!street (n)strong (adj)student (n)studies (n pl)study (v)subject (n)•What’s your favouritesubject at school?•the subject of a talksuch (det)suddenly (adv)sugar (n)suit (n)•He was wearing a grey suit.suitcase (n)summer (n)sun (n)sunglasses (n pl)sunny (adj)supermarket (n)supper (n)suppose (v)•I suppose so.•I suppose you’re right.sure (adj)•I’m (not) sure.surf (v)surfboard (n)surfing (n)surname (n)surprise (n)surprised (adj)sweater (n)sweet (n & adj)swim (v)swimming (n)swimming costume (n) (Br Eng)(Am Eng: bathing suit)swimming pool (n)swimsuit (n)。

核心词系列11.estimate n. & v. 估计、估算、估价2.modify v. 修改、改进、改造3.strategy n. 策略、计谋、战略4.dominant adj. 强大的、有优势的、盛气凌人的5.habitat n. 栖息地6.proportion n. 部分、份额、比例7.appreciate v. 1. 欣赏、鉴赏 2. 感激 3. 理解、明白8.destruction n. 破坏、毁坏9.majority n. 大多数10.mammal n. 哺乳动物11.degenerate v. 恶化、堕落、退化pensate v. 1. 弥补、抵消 2. 补偿、赔偿13.variation n. 变化、变动14.represent v. 1. 代表 2. 表示 3. 描述15.initiative n. 主动性、计划、措施16.sighted adj. 看得见的、有视力的17.endanger v. 使处于险境、危及18.diversity n. 多样性、多元化19.economic adj. 经济（上）的20.linguistic adj. 语言的、语言学的21.bilingual adj. 双语的22.survive v 幸存、活下来23.contribute to 促成、导致24.alternative adj. 可替代的、两者选一的、另类的n. 可供选择的事物、选择25.disillusion v. 醒悟、使不再幻想26.erode v. 腐蚀、风化、使削弱27.relief n. 1. 安慰 2. 减轻、缓解28.digestive adj. 消化的29.maintain v. 1. 保持、维持、2. 维修、保养 3. 坚持认为30.reluctant adj. 不愿意的、勉强的31.juvenile adj. 少年的、幼稚的、幼小的32.permanent adj. 永久的、永恒的33.decline v. 1. 减少、下降 2. 拒绝、谢绝34.species n. 物种、种35.approach v. 1. 走进、临近 2. 对付、处理n. 1. 方法 2. 接近、临近36.respiratory adj. 呼吸的37.reveal v. 揭示、揭露、显示38.associate v. 联系、联想39.unpredictable adj. 无法预测的、反复无常的40.defensive adj. 防御的、防范的、戒备的41.physical adj. 1. 身体的、肉体的 2. 物质的、有形的42.surrounding adj. 附近的、周围的43.evolutionary adj. 进化的、演变的44.circumstance n. 情形、状况45.enterprise n. 1. 公司、组织、企业 2. 进取心、事业心46.exploitation n. 1. 剥削、利用 2. 开采47.domestic adj. 国内的、国家的、家庭的48.determine v. 1. 测定、确定 2. 决心做49.establish v. 1. 建立、设立 2. 证实 3. 使被接受50.hazard n. 危险、风险核心词系列21.performance n. 1. 表演、演出、2. （工作或活动中的）表现2.improvement n. 改善、提高3.relatively adv. 相对地、比较而言4.dramatic adj. 1. 突然的、惊人的 2. 戏剧的5.expend v. 花费、耗费6.adequate adj. 1.足够的、充分的 2. 胜任的7.nutrition n. 营养、滋养8.dub v. 1. 给…起绰号 2. 为…配音9.resource n. 资源10.theoretical adj. 理论的11.archaeology n. 考古学12.treasure n. 宝藏、珍宝13.excavation n. 发掘、挖掘14.heritage n. （重要特性、习俗、传统等）遗产15.discipline n. 1. 纪律 2. 学科 3. 处罚vt. 1. 使守纪律 2. 惩处16.restrict vt. 限制、约束17.distinguish vt. 区分、辨别18.derive vt. 得到、源于19.artifact n. 人工制品、手工艺品20.diminish vt. 使减少、缩小21.lessen vt. 减少22.hypothesis n.假设、猜想23.realistic adj. 1. 现实的、实际的 2. 逼真的24.allocate v. 分配、分派25.fundamental adj. 基本的、重要的n. 基本法则26.sustainable adj. 可持续的27.contradict v. 1. 反驳 2. 与…抵触28.provision n. 1. 供应、供给 2. 预防措施29.liberty n. 自由30.generate v. 产生、创造31.declaration n. 宣言、宣布32.indispensable adj. 必不可少的、必需的33.resistance n. 1. 反对、抵制 2. 抵抗34.investigate v. 调查、研究35.primarily adv. 主要地、首要地36.contemporary adj. 当代的、现代的n. 同龄人、当代人37.weapon n. 武器38.constitute vt. 组成、构成39.span n. 1. 持续的时间 2. 跨度（距离）40.significant adj. 1.重要的、重大的 2. 显著的41.gifted adj. 有天赋的、有才华的prehend v. 理解、领悟43.specific adj. 1. 具体的、特定的 2. 明确的、确切的44.objectively adv. 客观地ment n. 评论、评论v. 发表意见、评论46.obtain v. 获得、得到47.minimize v. 把…减到最低/小48.emit v. 散发、发出、49.explode vt. 1. 爆炸 2. 激增50.fragment n. 碎片、片段v. 打碎、使…成碎片核心词系列31. concern n. 忧虑、关心v. 与…有关、关于2. chaos n. 紊乱、大混乱3. compile v. 编写、编辑4. impression n. 印象、感想5. literary adj. 文学的6. establishment n. 1. 机构、单位 2. 建立、设立7. installment n. 分期付款、一期的付款 pay by installment8. immense adj. 巨大的9. adopt v. 1. 采用 2. 收养、领养10. stability n. 稳定、稳定性11. subtlety n. 敏锐、机敏、微妙12. psychology n. 心理学13. emit v. 散发、发出14. proceed v. 继续做、继续进行15. prior to 在…之前 = before16. denounce v. 谴责、指责17. underestimate v. 低估、轻视18. pessimistic adj. 悲观的、悲观主义的19. exaggerate v. 夸大、夸张20. criticism n. 1.批评、指责 2. 评论、意见21. synthetic adj. 人造的、合成的22. substance n. 物质23. domain n. 领域、范围24. initial adj. 开始的、最初的25. dedicate v. 致力于…献身于…26. originality n. 独创性、创造力、新颖27. innovative adj. 新颖的、创新的、革新的28. melt v. 融化、熔化29. dub v. 1. 给…起绰号 2. 为…配音30. superiority n. 优秀、优势、优越感31. perspective n. 角度、观点、想法、前景、透视法32. mysterious adj. 神秘的、难以理解的33. comedian n. 喜剧演员34. interpretation n. 1. 解释、说明 2. 翻译35. principle n. 1. 道德、行为准则 2. 原理36. instinctual adj. 本能的、直觉的37. cognitive adj. 认知的38. evidence n. 证据、证明39. evaluate v. 评估、评价40. complicate v. 1. 使…更复杂 2. 使…恶化41. ignore v.忽视、置之不理42. artificial adj. 人造的、人工的、人为的43. tension n. 紧张、焦虑、紧张关系、冲突44. empirical adj. 以科学实验为依据的、经验主义的45. encyclopedia n. 百科全书46. audience n. 观众、听众47. intellectual adj. 智力的、脑力的、知识的48. preliminary adj. 初步的、预备的49. proposal n. 计划、提议、求婚50. discipline n. 训练、自制力、科目、纪律核心词系列41. access n. 进入权、使用权、进入v. 取得2. institution n. 机构、团体、制度、慈善机构3. potential adj. 潜在的、可能的4. ordinary adj. 普通的、平常的、平淡无奇的5. dramatically adv. 巨大地、急剧地、引人注目地6. substantial adj. 大量的、多的、大而结实的7. funding n. 专款、拨款8. disappointing adj. 令人失望的、令人沮丧的9. measurable adj. 明显的、显著地、可测量的10. status n. 地位、身份、状况、重要性11. handicap n. 障碍、残疾12. phenomenal adj. 极大的、非凡的、显著的13. perpetuate v. 使维持、使长久14. undoubtedly adj. 无可质疑地15. vital adj. 极其重要的、生气勃勃的16. inequity n. 不公平17. administer v. 管理、治理、执行、实施18. elementary adj. 简单的、基础的、初级的19. irrigation n. 灌溉20. sedimentation adj. 沉积的21. eventually adv. 最终地22. accumulate v. 积聚、积累、堆积23. drought n. 干旱24. emerge v. 浮现、出现、暴露25. lagoon n. 环礁湖26. fertilizer n. 肥料27. ecology n. 生态、生态学28. agriculture n. 农业29. construction n. 建筑、建造30. desert n. 沙漠、荒凉的地方31. commas v. 使用逗号32. ambitious adj. 有抱负的、野心勃勃的33. informative adj. 资料丰富的、增进知识的34. mimic v. 模仿35. breakthrough n. 突破、重大进展36. battlefield n. 战场、争论的问题37. boom n. 繁荣、兴旺38. definition n. 定义39. vulnerable adj. 感情脆弱的、易受伤的、易受攻击的40. terrace n. 排屋、露台、梯田41. external adj. 外部的、外面的、外界的42. renaissance n. 复兴43. integrate v. 合并、结合、融入44. profitable adj. 有利可图的、有益的45. exception n. 例外、除外46. offspring n. 子女、子孙、后代47. fluctuate v. 波动、起伏48. investigation n. 调查、研究49. solidify v. 使变成固体、使坚固核心词系列51. fair adj. 公平的、公正的n. 集市2. rival n. 对手、竞争者3. nutritional adj. 营养的4. collaborate v. 合作、协作、勾结敌人5. muscle n. 肌肉、实力、影响力6. coach n. 教练、四轮马车、长途公共汽车7. monitor v. 监测、监视8. competition n. 竞争、比赛9. expertise n. 专门技能（知识）10. reproduce v. 生殖、繁殖、复制、复印11. obstacle n. 障碍、阻碍、障碍物12. scope n. 范围、机会13. calculate v. 计算、核算、估计14. compound n. 化合物、混合物15. explosion n. 爆炸16. commerce n. 买卖、贸易、商业17. barrier n. 障碍、栅栏、障碍物18. commodity n. 商品19. disproportionately adv. 不均衡地、不相称地、不成比例地20. freight n. 货物、货运21. domestic adj. 国内的、家庭的、本国的22. innovation n. 新观点、新方法、创新23. weaken v. 变弱、削弱24. guarantee v. 保证、担保25. component n. 零件、成份、组成部分26. tariff n. 关税、价目表27. well-being n. 舒适、健康、幸福28. negative adj. 有害的、消极的、负面的、坏的29. territory n. 领土、领域30. ancestral adj. 祖先的31. obesity n. 肥胖症32. diabetes n. 糖尿病33. mystery n. 神秘事物、神秘性34. tremendous adj. 巨大的、极快的、特棒的35. appreciate v. 理解、明白、感激、鉴赏36. sustenance n. 食物、营养、维持、支持37. respective adj. 各自的38. adopt v. 收养、领养、采用39. democratic adj. 民主的、平等的41. convert v. 转变、转换42. proposal n. 计划、建议、提议、求婚43. grey adj. 灰色的、脸色苍白的、乏味的、阴暗的44. accelerate v. 加快、加速45. downside n. 不足之处、负面、缺点46. burden n. 重担、负担47. deteriorate v. 恶化48. diversity n. 多样性、多元化49. sequence n. 顺序、次序、一段情节、片段50. fulfil v. 实现、履行、执行核心词系列61. photograph n. 照片、相片v. 拍照2. imagination n. 想象力3. extraordinary adj. 异乎寻常的、非凡的4. dynamic adj. 精力充沛的、有创新思想的、不断变化的5. platform n. 站台、戏台、舞台、纲领6. narrative v. 叙述、记叙7. fairground n. 露天游乐场8. target n. 目标、对象9. feedback n. 反馈意见10. motivate v. 成为…的动机、激励、促进11. inconsistent adj. 不一致的、前后矛盾的、不符合的12. conjunction n. 不同事物的巧合、共同、连词13. reinforcement n. 加强、加固、援兵14. distribute v. 分配、分发、配送15. dependent adj. 依靠的、依赖的16. advancement n. 进步、进展17. external adj. 外在的、外界的、外部的18. goal n. 目标、目的、球门19. calorie n. 卡路里20. incidence n. 发生率21. replicate v. 重做、复制、再生22. optimistic adj. 乐观的、乐观主义的23. likelihood n. 可能、可能性24. multitude n. 众多的人或物、大众、民众25. scarce adj. 不足的、缺少的、稀少的26. chronic adj. 慢性的、长期的27. representative adj. 典型的、有代表性的28. pharmaceutical adj. 制药的29. attendance n. 出席人数、出席30. ethical adj. 伦理的、合乎道德的31. boundary n. 分界线、边界、界限32. mortality n. 死亡率33. illiterate adj. 文盲的34. colleague n. 同事、同僚35. implication n. 可能的影响、后果、牵涉、含义36. intervention n. 干涉、干预37. maternal adj. 母性的、母亲的38. persistent adj. 持续存在的、坚持的39. bully n. 流氓、以大欺小者v. 以大欺小40. physical adj. 身体的、肉体的、自然的、物质的41. verbal adj. 口头的42. severity n. 严格、严厉、严谨、严重43. explicit adj. 清楚明确的、清晰露骨的44. implement n. 执行、贯彻、实施45. substitute n. 代替者、代替品v. 代替46. campaign n. 运动、活动、战役47. permanent adj. 永久的、永恒的48. offender n. 罪犯、引发坏事的人49. supervision n. 监督、管理、指导50. recognize v. 认出、辨认、承认核心词系列71. prey n. 被捕食的动物；猎物2. favour v. 青睐；有利于；便于3. scrape v. 设法得到；刮；擦4. emerge v. 出现；显露5. obstruct v. 遮住；塞住；阻挡6. scatter v. 散开；分散；驱散7. manufacture v. 制造n. 制造品；产品8. prohibitive adj. 过分高昂的；负担不起的；巨大的9. fraction n. 一部分；一小部分10. bounce v. 反跳；反弹；反射11. illuminate v. 使明亮；照亮12. coin v. 创造；捏造13. manipulate v. 巧妙地使用；利用14. sophisticated adj. 复杂的；精密的15. unprecedented adj. 空前的；前所未有的16. monumental adj. 雄伟的；巨大的17. soaring adj. 猛增的；剧增的18. inferior to 比不上；劣于19. reiterate v. 重复；反复；重申20. preventable adj. 可预防的21. jeopardize v. 危及；损害22. ecosystem n. 生态系统23. thrive v. 繁衍生息；兴隆；兴盛24. instructional adj. 教学的；教授的25. durable adj. 持久的26. readily adv. 容易地；迅速地27. induce v. 引起；导致28. fatigue n. 疲劳29. curriculum n. 课程30. variant n. 改编；改写；变形31. stimulate v. 刺激；激励32. distinctive adj. 独特的33. designate v. 指明；标明34. disastrous adj. 灾难性的；造成灾害的35. devastate v. 毁坏；破坏36. unscathed adj. 未受伤的；无恙的37. skyscraper n. 摩天楼38. hesitation n. 犹豫；踌躇39. sway v. 摇摆；摆动40. suspend v. 悬挂41. transmit v. 传播；传导42. consecutive adj. 连续的；连贯的43. successive adj. 连续的；次第的44. anticipate v. 预期；预料45. abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的46. enervation n. 贫瘠；削弱；虚弱47. colossal adj. 巨大的48. transaction n. 交易49. arable adj. 适于耕种的50. feasible adj. 可行的；可能且合理的核心词系列81. staggering adj. 难以置信的；令人震惊的2. viable adj. 切实可行的；可实施的3. comprise v. 包含；包括4. premium n. 额外费用5. norm n. 标准；规范6. tackle v. 解决；应付7. coordinate v. 协调；调节8. slippery adj. 光滑的；滑溜的9. arduous adj. 艰苦的；艰难的10. refinement n. 改良；改进11. fluctuate v. 震荡；变动12. supplementary adj. 增补的；补充的13. repel v. 击退；使厌恶；排斥14. arouse v. 唤醒；引起15. propagate v. 繁殖；传播；传送16. embarrassment n. 困窘17. launch v. 发动；开展18. capture v. 捕获，俘虏19. overtake v. 赶上；突然袭击；压倒20. domesticate v. 驯养；驯化21. exposure v. 暴露；揭露22. territory n. 领土；版图；领域23. outstrip v. 超过；胜过24. forage v. 搜寻食物25. elaborate adj. 精细的；详尽的；精心的26. exhaustive adj. 无遗漏的；彻底的；详尽的27. interbreed v. 使杂交繁殖28. calibrate v. 校正29. deduce v. 推论30. descend v. 遗传下来；来源于；继承31. component n. 成份32. specimen n. 样本33. trait n. 特征34. discard v. 丢弃；抛弃35. condemn v. 责备36. inevitable adj. 不可避免的37. surveillance n. 监视；监督38. cumulative adj. 累积的39. preferential adj. 优先的40. reckon v. 料想41. peruse v. 翻阅；浏览42. intrigue v. 激起…的兴趣43. magnify v. 放大44. harness v. 利用45. circulating adj. 流通的；循环的46. halt v. 停止；休息47. undergo v. 遭受；经历；忍受48. subsistance n. 生存；生活49. plausible adj. 貌似真实的；貌似有理的50. intrusion n. 闯入；侵扰核心词系列91.coordinate v. 协调；调整adj. 同等的n. 坐标2.crucial adj. 决定性的；关键的；重要的3.approximate v. 近似；接近adj. 大概的；近似的mence v. 开始5.advent n. 出现；到来6.rotate v. 旋转；循环7.accompany v. 伴随；陪伴；伴奏8.conspicuous adj. 显而易见的；明显的titude n. 纬度10.clime n. 气候；地区11.formulate v. 制定；规划12.municipal adj. 市政的13.oversee v. 监督；监视14.temporal adj. 时间的；现世的；暂时的15.disseminate v. 传播；散布16.denote v. 表示；象征17.inscribe v. 在…上刻18.supersede v. 取代；接替19.descending adj. 下降的；下行的20.coiled adj. 盘绕的；围成圈的21.calibrate v. 校准；测定22.precision n. 精确；准确；细致23.integral adj. 必需的；不可或缺的；完整的24.metropolitan adj. 大城市的；大都市的25.accommodate v. 容纳；提供空间26.impose v. 推行；采用；强制执行27.correspond v. 符合；一致；相应；通信28.aviation n. 航空；飞行29.congested adj. 拥堵的；堵塞的30.rudimentary adj. 初步的；基本的31.manually adv. 手动地；用手地32.vicinity n. 附近33.fortuitous adj. 偶然的；意外的34.meteorological adj. 气象的35.necessitate v. 使成为必需；需要36.designate v. 标示；命名37.realm n. 领域；范围38.altitude n. 海拔；高度39.explicit adj. 明确的；清楚的40.genuine adj. 真的；真诚的41.suspect v. 猜想；怀疑42.seal v. 封闭；密封43.flaw n. 缺陷；瑕疵44.overlook v. 忽略45.skeptical adj. 怀疑的；46.rigorous adj. 严格的；谨慎的pelling adj. 令人信服的48.concur v. 一致；同意49.tranquility n. 安静；宁静50.conventional adj. 传统的；惯例的51.sensory adj. 知觉的；感觉的52.leakage n. 泄漏；渗漏53.outright adj. 彻底的；完全的54.fraud n. 骗子；诈骗55.automated adj. 自动化的56.consistency n. 一致性57.marginally adv. 轻微地；很少地58.plausible adj. 有道理的；可信的59.esoteric adj. 深奥的；难懂的60.entanglement n. 纠缠61.transform v. 改变；改观62.trail n. 尝试；试验核心词系列101.molten adj. 熔化的；融化的2.coincidence n. 巧合；一致3.inspection n. 检查；检察4.unblemished adj. 清白的；无瑕疵的5.continuous adj. 连续的；继续的6.grind v. 打磨7.polish v. 磨光8.rub v. 擦；搓；摩擦9.tinted adj. 带色彩的10.gravity n. 重力11.horizontal adj. 水平的12.homogenize v. 使均匀13.simultaneous adj. 共同的；同时的14.relieve v. 释放15.mar v. 破坏；毁坏16.tremor n. 颤动；颤抖17.ripple n. 皱纹；波纹；涟漪18.unaided adj. 未受协助的；独立的19.steer v. 操纵；驾驶；掌舵；引导20.embark v. 乘船；装载；着手；从事21.episode n. 片段；一段情节；插曲22.supplement v. 增补；补充23.perish v. 毁灭；消失；死亡24.culminate v. 达到顶点；告终25.trigger v. 触发26.climatic adj. 气候的27.context n. 上下文；环境；背景28.opposed adj. 反对的；对立的；敌对的29.humanity n. 人类；人性;人道30.glacial adj. 冰的；冰川的31.dazzling adj. 令人眼花缭乱的；耀眼的32.unaccustomed adj. 不习惯的33.famine n. 饥荒34.unprecedented adj. 空前的；前所未有的35.seesaw n. 上下反复的运动v. 上下往复运动adj. 交互的36.interaction n. 相互作用37.switch v. 转换38.hemisphere n. 半球39.amplified v. 放大；增强40.drill v. 钻孔n. 钻孔机；钻子41.voyager n. 航海者；航行者42.mean adj. 平均的；中等的43.fleet n. 船队；舰队44.offshore adv. &adj. 近海地（的）；离岸地（的）45.migration n. 移民；移动46.blight v. 枯萎；摧毁47.proliferate v. 繁殖；增生48.fossil n. 化石49.soar v. 翱翔；高涨50.regime n. 政体；（统治）方式；状态51.prolonged adj. 持续很久的52.impair v. 损伤53.agreeable adj. 令人愉快的；适合的54.undertake v. 承担；从事；保证55.odour / odor n. 气味56.faculty n. 机能；功能57.olfactory adj. 嗅觉的58.fragrant adj. 芳香的59.spouse n. 配偶60.undervalue v. 低估价值；看轻61.feeble adj. 脆弱的；无力的62.realm n. 领域；王国63.recollection n. 回忆；回想64.offensive adj. 令人不快的；冒犯的65.intimate adj. 私人的66.interiorise v. 使深入人心核心词系列111.inflict v. 造成2.inviting adj. 吸引人的3.discharge v. 放电；排出4.surge n. 涌流；猛增5.nifty adj. 灵便的6.in the offing 即将发生的7.fury n. 狂怒；狂暴8.leisurely adv. 轻松地9.neutralize v. 中和10.brave v. 勇敢地面对11.populated adj. 人口密集的12.extract v. 提取13.stumbling block 绊脚石14.manageable adj. 易管理的15.forthcoming adj. 即将来临的16.field test 实地测试17.confront v. 面临；对抗18.menace n. 威胁19.moisture n. 潮湿；水分；降雨量；湿度20.attribute n. 品质；属性21.ambivalent adj. 自相矛盾的；含糊的22.mistrust v. 不相信；怀疑23.defective adj. 有缺陷的24.eccentric adj. 古怪的25.adversity n. 逆境26.collate v. 整理27.upbringing n. 养育28.manifestation n. 表现29.supremacy n. 最高地位；主权30.emulate v. 效仿31.divinity n. 神明32.prodigy n. 神童33.characteristic n. 特点；特征34.exceptional adj. 非同一般的；优秀的35.impractical adj. 不切实际的；缺乏实践经验的36.denigration n. 贬损37.adjustment n. 适应38.anecdote n. 轶事39.life expectancy 寿命40.privileged adj. 特权的41.mundane adj. 平凡的42.mediocre adj. 平庸的43.incapable adj. 无能的44.nurture v. 养育；培养45.marvel v. 惊叹46.unpalatable adj. 令人不快的，讨厌的47.perseverance n. 坚持不懈48.wear and tear 磨损49.static adj. 静止的；静态的50.inexorable adj. 无情的；不可阻挡的51.equilibrium n. 均衡；平静52.existent adj. 存在的53.optimal adj. 最佳的；最理想的54.frugal adj. 节俭的；朴素的55.reserve n. 储备；储存56.be subjected to 受到；遭到57.inevitable adj. 必然的58.immortality n. 永生；不朽59.inverted adj. 倒转的；反向的60.captivity n. 圈养；囚禁61.prolong v. 延长62.relaxation n. 放松核心词系列121.attainment n. 成就；能力2.standardise v. 使标准化3.loyalty n. 忠诚4.accessible adj. 容易理解的；易懂的；易达到的5.elaborate v. 详细解释6.incidentally adv. 偶然地；顺便一提7.cover v. 包括；涉及8.spacious adj. 宽敞的9.mutual adj. 相互的；彼此的10.presumably adv. 大概；预估11.keen adj. 热衷于12.ignorance n. 无知13.render v. 使成为；使变得14.circulate v. （使）循环、（信息、情况、观念等）流传、传播15.struggler n. 苦苦挣扎的人16.unjustified adj. 不公正的17.inspirational adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的18.potent adj. 有效的；强有力的19.immune adj. 免疫的20.yield n. 产量；收益21.necessitate v. 使成为必需22.plague v. 折磨；困惑n. 瘟疫；灾祸23.devour v. 吞噬；毁灭24.reckless adj. 鲁莽的；不顾后果的25.emergence n. 出现；发生；浮现26.lethal adj. 致命的27.glaring adj. 明显的；耀眼的28.wipe out 消灭；彻底摧毁29.built-in adj. 嵌入的；固定的30.havoc n. 大破坏31.avidly adj. 贪婪地32.outbreak n. 爆发；发作33.invasion n. 入侵；涌入34.escalate v. 不断恶化；加剧35.peril n. 危害36.indiscriminate adj. 任意的；滥用的37.detrimental adj. 有害的38.obnoxious adj. 讨厌的39.devious adj. 曲折的；不光明正大的40.eradication n. 根除；消灭41.nuisance n. 麻烦事；讨厌的东西42.indigenous adj. 本土的；当地的43.clutch n. 掌握；控制；紧紧抓住44.specimen n. 样本；标本patible adj. 兼容的；可共存的46.sift v. 筛选；过滤47.evaporate v. 蒸发；挥发48.intervention n. 干预；干涉49.exhaustive adj. 详细的；彻底的50.pitfall n. 陷阱51.vegetation n. 植被52.nocturnal adj. 夜间活动的53.confine v. 限制54.mishandle v. 处理不当55.forager n. 觅食者56.utilise v. 利用57.shrub n. 灌木58.spot v. 发现；看出59.debris n. 残骸；碎屑60.funnel n. 漏斗61.marshy adj. 沼泽的；湿地的62.coarse adj. 粗糙的63.encounter v. 遇到；偶然碰见64.preservative n. 防腐剂。

2015年雅思核心词汇和短语2000讲义中前面近200个单词和短语是7分以上学员必须要掌握的，非常高效和实用，同学们一定要记住它们，后面还编写了听说高频600多单词共计800多个单词，还有近900个各类短语.这样近2000笔财富会让同学们绝对不会输在词汇这个层面，你的高分会有保证。

每个单词，大家一定要造句子，编写出自己的语境来，这样单词会有根基的，还要活学活用，彻底私有化，变成自己的东西，这样所学单词会真正达到“化”的地步，大家想这样一件事情，如果有人问你“mobile这个单词，你会很快反应，但是如果换成sophisticated ,contaminate, deteriorate,这些单词就不行了，我个人认为就是不熟悉，经常使用熟悉了就好了，我想大家没有问题的。

1.low carbon 低碳2.environmental—friendly 环保的3.eco-system生态系统4.environmental protection 环境保护5.sustainable development 可持续发展6.deplete natural resources 耗尽自然资源7.leave a carbon footprint 留下一个碳化足迹8.discharge /release pollutants into the environment 排放污染物9.green house effect 温室效应10.global warming 全球变暖11.toxic 有毒的12.contaminate 污染13.degrade 恶化，降级14.deteriorate 变坏，变糟15.deficiency 缺乏，不足16.flight climate change抵制气候变化17.improve air quality 改善空气质量18.conserve energy 节约能源19.fuel-efficient vehicles 燃油高效汽车20.avoid using throw-away products 避免使用一次性产品21.sort the daily garbage 生活垃圾分类22.consume less and recycle more 少消耗多回收23.surf on the internet 上网24.hi-tech features 高科技特征25.virtual world 虚拟的世界26.log on the internet 登录互联网27.gain access to any information 获得任何信息28.cutting-edge technology 尖端科技rmation explosion 信息爆炸30.due to the proliferation of the internet 由于互联网的普及31.biotechnology 生物技术32.space exploration 太空探索33.hacker 黑客34.conventional method 传统的手段35.on-line retailer 网上零售商36.oversight 监视37.cost-effective 划算的38.cyber crime 电脑犯罪39.offensive 令人不快的40.pornography 色情41.illegal gambling 非法赌博42.questionnaire contents 调查问卷的内容43.infrastructure 基础设施44.welfare system 福利体系45.basic human needs 人类的基本需求46.public transportation 公共交通47.affordable houses 买的起的房子48.impose censorship on 对…….审查49.non-profit organization 非盈利的组织50.financial aid 财务援助bat corruption 打击腐败52.bridge the gap between the rich and the poor.缩小贫富差距53.create job opportunities创造就业机会54.improve the quality of service 提高服务质量55.couch potatoes 看电视太多的人56.twilight 晚年57.age 变老58.demographics 人口统计学59.sex discrimination 性别歧视60.aggressive 好斗的61.pregnant 怀孕的62.child bearing 生育孩子63.workaholic 工作狂64.career path 职业道路65.intense competition 激烈的竞争66.fast-paced 快速的67.rural areas 乡村地区68.urbanization 城市化69.have access to 能获得能利用70.widen the gap between urban and rural areas 加大了城乡差距71.cater for audiences 迎合观众72.unveil 揭露73.public opinion 舆论74.public service advertising 公益广告75.induce 劝诱76.preventive measures 预防措施77.juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪mit a crime 犯罪79.threat to public safety 威胁公共安全80.dress parade 时装表演81.obese 肥胖82.celebrity 名人名流83.esthetics 美学84.concrete jungle 混凝土丛林85.inevitable 不可避免的86.multicultural 多元化的87.interdependent 相互依赖的88.ethnic 人种的种族的89.culture shock 文化冲突90.assimilate 同化91.outdated values 过时的价值关92.ideology 意识形态93.incentive 激励鼓励94.momentum 动力95.manufacture 制造商厂商96.breakthrough 突破97.alternative 可以选择的98.atmosphere 氛围99.ideally 理想地100.alliance 联盟联合101.unrealistic 不符合实际的102.superficial 肤浅的103.vibrant 充满活力的104.vendor 小贩105.privilege 特权106.mentality 心态思想107.substitute 替代108.ingredient 成分因素配料109.stunning 使人晕倒的110.ultimately 最后111.stylishly 时髦地112.subconsciously 下意识地113.lenient 宽大的仁慈的114.cynical 愤世嫉俗的115.victim 受害人116.benchmark 基准117.moderation 适度118.psychologist 心理学家119.worthwhile 值得做的120.interact 互相作用互相影响121.virtual 虚拟的122.inequality 不平等123.critical thinking 批判性思考124.think creatively 创造性思考125.function 起作用126.harness 利用127.potential 潜能128.subjective 主观的129.curiosity 好奇心130.universal 普遍的131.odd 临时的132.shortcut 捷径133.racism 种族主义的134.less-than-desirable 不尽人意的推荐7分以上必备短语，拿下这些你就是高分了，给力吧！1.improve people’s living standard.提高人民的生活水平2.boost economic development 促进经济发展3.adapt to 适应4.enable somebody to do something 令（使）某人如何5.provide something for somebody 为某人提供什么6.invest in 投资7.relieve stress 减轻压力8.reach the balance between A and B 在A，B之间到达平衡9.distinguish between A and B 区分A和B10.be involved in 参与11.stem from 起源于12.give priority to something 把什么东西放在优先位置上。

雅思阅读核心词汇梳理如何高效备考雅思，今天小编给大家带来了雅思阅读核心词汇，一起来学习吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

雅思阅读核心词汇梳理Sublist 1analyse 分析，观察approach 方法，接近area 区域assess 评估assume 假设authority 权利，当局available 可得的benefit 利益，有益的concept 概念consist 组成，在于established 已制定的estimate 估计，估价evidence 证据export 输出，出口factors 因素financial 金融的formula 公式，配方function 功能identified 被识别的income 收入occur 发生，出现percent 百分比period 时期，周期policy 政策，保险单principle 原则，本质procedure 程序，步骤process 加工，过程required 必需的research 研究，调查response 反应，回答constitutional 体制的context 环境，上下文contract 订约，合同create 创造data 数据，资料definition 定义derived 衍生的distribution 分布，分配economic 经济的environment 环境indicate 表明，指出individual 个人，个体interpretation 翻译involved 有关的issues 议题labour 劳动力，人工legal 法律的，合法的legislation 立法major 主要的，科目method 方法role 角色，任务section 部分，章节sector 部门significant 有效，有意义similar 相似的source 来源specific 特定的，明确的structure 结构，组织theory 理论，推测variable 可变的雅思阅读核心词汇梳理Sublist 2achieve 达成acquisition 获得administration 管理affect 影响，感动appropriate 适当的aspects 方面assistance 辅助categories 类别chapter 章回commission 委员会design 设计，构思distinction 区别elements 基础，原理equation 等式，反应式evaluation 评价，估价features 特点final 最终的focus 焦点，中心impact 影响，冲突injury 损伤potential 潜在的，电势previous 以前的primary 初级的，基本的purchase 购买的range 范围region 地区，范围regulations 规程relevant 有关的resident 居住的，居民resource 资源，办法community 社区，团体complex 复杂的computer 计算机conclusion 结论，推论conduct 带领，引导consequences 结果construction 建设，结构consumer 消费者，用户credit 信用cultural 文化的institute 制定，创立invest 投资，耗费items 所有物品，项目journal 杂志，日记maintain 维持，主张normal 正常的，标准的obtain 获得participate 参与perceive 察觉，理解positive 积极的，确定的restrict 限制，约束secure 保护，安全的seek 寻求select 挑选site 地点，设置strategy 战略，策略survey 调查text 文本，发短信tradition 惯例，传统transfer 转移，转让Sublist 3alternative 供选择的circumstance 环境，情况comment 评论compensate 补偿，赔偿component 组成的，成分consent 同意，一致considerable 相当大的constant 不变的contain 包含，容纳contribute 贡献，出力emphasis 重点，强调ensure 确保，保证exclude 排除，排斥framework 框架，结构fund 基金，投资illustrate 阐明，举例immigrate 移入imply 意味，暗示initial 最初的instance 实例，情况philosophy 哲学physical 物理的，身体的proportion 比例，面积publish 发表，公布react 反应，反抗register 注册，登记rely 依靠，信赖remove 移动，迁移scheme 计划，组织sequence 序列，顺序convene 召集，传唤coordinate 协调core 核心，要点corporate 公司的correspond 一致criteria 标准，条件deduce 推断demonstrate 展示，论证document 文件，证件dominate 支配，控制interact 相互影响justify 证明合法layer 层link 链接，关系locate 定位maximise 增至最大minor 次要的，较小的negate 否定outcome 结果，成果partner 合伙人sex 性别shift 转变，转换specify 详细说明，列举sufficient 充分的task 任务，作业technical 科技的，技术的technique 技巧，技术technology 技术，工艺valid 有效的volume 量，卷Sublist 4access 进入，接近adequate 充足的，适当的annual 年度的apparent 显然的，表面的approximate 近似，接近于attitude 态度，看法attribute 特质，把...归为civil 公民的code 密码，编码commit 犯罪，指派error 误差，错误ethnic 种族的，人种的goal 目标，得分grant 授予，允许hence 因此，以后hypothesis 假设implement 实施，执行implicate 暗示impose 强加，利用integrate 整合，结合parallel 平行线，对比parameter 参数，系数phase 阶段predict 预言principal 主要的，校长prior 优先的professional 专业的project 设计，计划promote 促进，提升regime 政权，社会制度communicate 交流，传达concentrate 集中，浓缩confer 授予，协商contrast 对比，对照cycle 循环，自行车debate 争论despite 尽管，轻视dimension 尺寸，纬度domestic 国内的，家庭的emerge 浮现，暴露internal 内部的，国内的investigate 调查，研究job 工作，职业label 标签，标注mechanism 机制，原理obvious 明显的occupy 占据，占领option 选项output 输出，产量overall 全部的resolve 解决，分解retain 保持，记住series 系列statistic 统计的，统计数值status 地位，情形stress 压力，强调subsequent 后来的sum 总数，总结summary 概要，总结undertake 从事，承担雅思阅读核心词汇梳理Sublist 5academy 学院，学会adjust 调整alter 改变，修改amend 修正，改善aware 意识到的capacity 能力，容量challenge 挑战，怀疑clause 条款compound 合成，混合conflict 冲突，矛盾evolve 发展，进化expand 膨胀，扩张expose 揭发，显示external 外部的，外部facilitate 促进，帮助fundamental 基本的generate 使形成，发生generation 一代，一代人image 形象，想象，描绘liberal 开明的，自由主义orient 使适应，东方的perspective 观点，远景precise 精确的，严格的prime 主要的，基本的psychology 心理学pursue 继续，追赶ratio 比率，比例reject 拒绝，排斥revenue 税收，收益stable 稳定的，牢固的consult 请教，咨询contact 解除，联系decline 下降，斜面discrete 不连续的，离散的draft 起草，草稿enable 使能够energy 能量，精力enforce 强迫，执行entity 实体，存在equivalent 等价的，相等的license 执照，许可证logic 逻辑，逻辑学margin 边缘，利润medical 医学的，医疗的mental 精神的，脑力的modify 修改，修饰monitor 监视器，班长network 网路，网状物notion 概念，见解objective 客观的，目标style 风格，类型substitute 代替，代用品sustain 保持，支撑symbol 符号，象征target 目标，把...作为目标transit 运输，经过trend 趋势，走向version 版本，译文welfare 福利，幸福whereas 而，反之雅思阅读核心词汇梳理Sublist 6abstract 摘要，抽象accurate 精确的acknowledge 承认，答谢aggregate 集合，合计allocate 分配，拨出assign 分配，指派attach 使依附，贴上author 作者，创始人bond 债券，约定brief 简洁的，短暂的exceed 超过，胜过expert 熟练的，内行的explicit 明确的，直率的federal 联邦的，同盟的fee 费用，小费flexible 灵活的，多变的furthermore 此外gender 性别ignorant 无知的，愚昧的incentive 动机，激励migrate 移动，移居minimum 最小值ministry (政府)部门motive 动机，目的neutral 中立的，中性的nevertheless 然而，不过overseas 海外，国外的precede 领先，优于presume 假定，推测rational 合理的，理性的capable 能干的，有才华的cite 引用，想起cooperate 合作，协力discriminate 歧视，区别display 显示，炫耀diverse 不同的，多变的domain 领域，产业edit 编辑，校订enhance 提高，加强estate 房地产，财产incidence 发生率，影响incorporate 包含，合并index 指数，索引inhibit 抑制，禁止initiate 开始，发起input 投入，输入instruct 指导，命令intelligence 智力，天分interval 间隔，间距lecture 演讲，讲稿recover 恢复，弥补reveal 显示，揭露scope 范围，视野subsidy 补贴，津贴tape 胶带，磁带trace 追溯，追踪transform 改变，转换transport 运输underlie 成为..的基础utilize 利用雅思阅读核心词汇梳理Sublist 7adapt 适应，改编adult 成年的，成年人advocate 提倡，主张aid 援助，帮助channel 频道，渠道chemical 化学的(制品) classic 经典的，古典的comprehensive 全面的comprise 包含，由...组成confirm 确认，批准empirical 经验主义的equip 装备，配备extract 提取，摘录file 文件，档案finite 有限的，限定的foundation 基础，地基globe 地球，球体grade 等级，成绩guarantee 保证，担保hierarchy 层级，等级制度phenomenon 现象priority 优先，优先权prohibit 阻止，禁止publication 出版，出版物quote 引述，举证release 释放，发射reverse 背面，相反simulate 模仿，假装sole 唯一的，仅有的somewhat 多少，有点contrary 相反的，对立的convert 使转换，转变couple 对，夫妇decade 十年definite 一定的，确切的deny 否认，拒绝differentiate 区分，区别dispose 处理，安排dynamic 动态，有活力的eliminate 消除，排除identical 完全相同的ideology 意识形态infer 推断，推论innovate 创新，革新insert 插入，嵌入intervene 干涉，调停isolate 隔离，使孤立media 媒体，媒质mode 模式，风格paradigm 范例submit 屈从，呈递successor 继承者survive 幸存，生还thesis 论文，论点topic 主题，题目transmit 传输，传播ultimate 最终的，根本的unique 独特的，稀罕的visible 明显的，可见的voluntary 自愿的，自发的Sublist 8abandon 放任，遗弃accompany 陪伴，伴随accumulate 积累ambiguous 模糊不清的append 附加，贴上appreciate 欣赏，感激arbitrary 任意的，武断的automate 自动化bias 偏见，偏爱chart 图表，图纸deviate 脱离，越轨displace 取代，置换drama 戏剧eventual 最后的，结果的exhibit 展览，显示exploit 开发，利用fluctuate 波动，动摇guideline 指导方针highlight 突出，强调implicit 含蓄的，暗示的plus 正的，加上practitioner 从业者predominant 主要的，卓越的prospect 前景，勘探radical 重大的，激进的random 随机的，胡乱的reinforce 加强，补充restore 恢复，归还revise 修正，复习schedule 安排，时间表clarify 澄清，阐明commodity 商品，货物complement 补足物conform 符合，遵照contemporary 当代的contradict 反驳，与...矛盾crucial 至关重要的currency 货币，通货denote 表示，指示detect 觉察，发现induce 诱导，引起inevitable 必然的infrastructure 基础设施inspect 检阅，视察intense 强烈的，紧张的manipulate 操纵，操作minimize 最小化nuclear 原子能的，细胞核offset 抵消，补偿paragraph 段落，分段tense 紧张的，拉紧的terminate 使终止，结束theme 主题，题目thereby 从而，因此uniform 统一的，制服vehicle 车辆，运输工具via 取道，经由virtual 虚拟的，事实上的visual 视觉的，栩栩如生的widespread 普遍的，广泛的。

雅思写作十大原则核心词汇2.1 金钱原则（MONEY）a tight budget 资金紧张alleviate vt.减轻，使（痛苦等）易于忍受bankrupt n .破产者；adj.破产了的be short of 缺乏beggar n .乞丐burden n..担子，压力，负担；v .担负burn money 浪费钱charity hospital 慈善医院consumption n .消费（量）costly adj.昂贵的，贵重的dear adj.昂贵的destitute adj.穷困的，缺乏的(destitution)economic burden 经济负担economic difficulty 经济困难eligible children 适龄儿童(eligibility)eliminate vt.排除，消除expend vt.花费，消耗，支出expenditure n .花费，支出，消耗expensive adj.花费的，昂贵的finance vt.资助，供给……经费，负担经费；n .财政，金融financial aid 经济资助financial strain 资金紧张，经济压力foreign currency 外汇go broken 破产government revenue 政府税收health care 医疗保健homeless adj.无家的，无家可归的illiteracy n .文盲income n .收入，收益insurance n .保险（单/费）invest v .投资jobless n .失业者；adj.失业的lack n .缺乏，短缺的东西；vt .缺乏laid-off worker 下岗工人limited public funds 有限的公共资金luxurious adj.奢侈的，豪华的miserable adj.痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜的money-consuming 浪费钱的money-oriented 拜金主义的necessity n .必要性，需要，（日常）必需品needy adj.贫困的，缺乏生活必需品的nursing house 敬老院orphanage n .孤儿院overdraft n .透支pauper n .叫花子，乞丐poor adj.贫穷的，可怜的poverty line 贫困线，贫穷线poverty-stricken adj.贫穷/乏的precious adj.宝贵的，贵重的，珍爱的profitable adj.盈利的，有益的，有利可图的run out of 用完，用光，耗尽scarcity n .缺乏，不足shelter n .庇护所，栖身之所；v .掩蔽，躲避shortage n .不足，缺乏squander v.浪费subsidize v .资助，津贴(subsidy; subsidization)taxpayer n .纳税人throw money into thin air 浪费钱valuable adj.贵重的，有价值的welfare n .福利，安宁，幸福，社会安全；adj.福利的2.2 时间原则（TIME）abandon oneself to 沉溺于academic performance 学习表现，学习成绩addictive adj. 上瘾的alluring adj.迷人的，吸引人的，诱惑的a time filler 消磨时间的事物a (great )waste of time and resources 浪费（大量的）时间和资源be obsessed with 沉迷于be wasteful of 浪费detract v .转移;减损；贬低distract v .转移distracting adj.分心的discontinue one's studying 辍学efficiency n .效率，功效induce vt .劝诱，促使，导致，引起limited adj.有限的，狭窄的lure v .引诱misleading adj.易误解的，令人误解的，引人歧途的，骗人的occupy vt .占用pass time 消磨时光productivity n .生产力resist the temptation 抵挡诱惑revel in 着迷，酷爱，纵情于，沉迷于self-discipline n .自律，自我约束self-control n .自控（能力），克己，自制refrain vi./n . 节制，避免，制止restrain vt .抑制，制止rewarding adj.有益的，值得的skip classes 逃课squeeze time 挤时间take up 占用，开始从事time-consuming adj.消耗时间的wallow in 沉溺于wile away the time 消磨时间(wile 诡计，骗人的把戏/ 欺骗，诱惑)2.3 健康原则（HEALTH）a meager diet 素食acute adj.急性的；敏锐；激烈；严重acute appendicitis急性阑尾炎aerobic exercise 有氧运动allergy n .过敏症 (allergic)be physically damaging 有害健康的calcium magnesium 镁化钙cancer-causing n .致癌cancerous adj.癌的carcinogen n .致癌物质carnivorous adj.食肉类的 (carnivore—herbivore/vegetarian—omnivore) chronic adj.慢性的convenience food 方便食品coronary heart disease 冠心病deleterious adj.有害的，有毒的depression n .郁郁（症），沮丧，消沉do harm to one's health 有害健康endanger vt .危及energetic adj.精力充沛的，积极的epidemic n .传染病excessive intake 过量摄入eye irritation 眼睛发炎fatigue n .疲乏，疲劳fitness n .健康fume n .（浓烈或难闻的）烟，气体harmful adj.有毒的，有害的，伤害的hazardous adj.危险的，有害的high fat and calorie 高脂肪和高热量hygiene n .保健法，卫生hypertension n .高血压，过度紧张immune adj.免疫的impair v .削弱，危及 (impairment)incurable disease 绝症indigestion n .消化不良indolent adj.小痛的无痛的；顽性的恢复缓慢的；懒惰的 (indolence)infectious disease 传染病insomnia an .失眠（症）amnesia n.健忘症euthanasia安乐死jog n .慢跑junk food 垃圾食品，无营养食品lose weight 减肥malady n .疾病；不正之风malnutrition n .营养失调，营养不良morbid adj.病态的，不正常的myopia n.近视；缺乏远见 =short-sightedness/ nearsightedness hyperopia/hypermetropia n. 远视neurotic adj.神经质的nocuous adj.有害的，有毒的nourishment n .食物，营养品noxious adj.有害的=toxicoily food 油腻食物organ transplant 器官移植overweight n.超重pernicious adj.有害的;致命的pernicious anemia 恶性贫血poisonous adj.有毒的prevention n .预防，防止psychological pressure 心理压力radiation n .辐射，放射线remedy n .疗法sedentary lifestyle 久坐的生活方式sore throat 喉咙发炎，喉咙疼stroke n .中风symptom n .[医]症状，征兆tiredness n .疲劳，疲倦toxic gas 有毒气体tranquillizer n .镇静药tuberculosis n .肺结核tumor n .瘤vegetarian n .素食者； adj.素食的vigorous adj.精力旺盛的，有力的健壮的virus n .病毒，毒害vitamin C 维生素Cweariness n .疲倦，厌烦，疲劳wholesome adj.健康的，有益的cure v .治愈，治疗； n .治愈，痊愈treatment n .治疗，处理，对待2.4 情感原则（EMOTION）abandoned adj.被抛弃的，自甘堕落的,没有约事的abuse n .虐待，辱骂；v .滥用，虐待，辱骂affectionate adj.充满深情的，挚爱的alienate v .疏远anxiety n .忧虑，焦急，渴望，热望apartness n .冷漠，孤独apathy n .缺乏感情或兴趣，冷漠break up 破碎，分裂，结束brutal adj.残酷的cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的congenial adj.性格相似的，适意的deserted adj.为人所弃的desolation n .孤独，凄凉devoted adj.投入的，深爱的distance n .疏远的，距离，远离divorce n .离婚emotion n .情绪，情感，感情emotional needs 感情需求estrangement n .疏远(estrange)extra-marital affairs 婚外恋faithful adj.守信的，忠实的，可靠的friendly adj.友好的ignore vt .不理睬，忽视indifferent adj.冷漠的inhospitable adj.冷淡的，不好客的inhospitality n .冷淡，不和气，冷漠introverted adj.内向的，含蓄的introvert n. (extroverted; extrovert) isolated adj.孤独的，孤单的，隔离的，孤立的loyal adj.忠诚的，忠心的maltreat v t .虐待misunderstanding n .误会，误解neglect vt./n .忽视，疏忽nonchalance n .冷淡; 漠不关心(nonchalant)optimist n .乐天派，乐观者pessimistic adj.悲观的，厌世的refreshing adj.令人精神爽快的resentment n .怨恨，愤恨restful adj.宁静的romantic adj.浪漫的，空想的，夸大的sincerity n .诚挚，真实，真挚stable adj.稳定的stoniness n .冷漠; 一名不文strained adj.紧张的superior adj.高傲的，出众的；n .长者，高手，上级turn a deaf ear 充耳不闻，置若罔闻unconcern n .漫不经心，冷淡，不关心unsociable adj.不爱交际的warm-hearted adj.热心的wear a long face 拉长着脸withdrawn adj.性格内向的，孤独的world-weary adj.厌世的2.5 智力与教育原则（INTELLECT AND EDUCATION） ability of expression 表达能力acumen n .敏锐，洞察力(business/ financial/ political~) adept adj.熟练的，拿手的appreciate vt .赏识，鉴赏assessment n.评价，估价book worm 书虫brain n .智力，脑髓brightness n .聪明，智慧bring into the talents 发挥才干clumsiness n .笨拙computer literacy 计算机知识creative adj.创造性的creativity n .创造力，创造criterion n .标准discernment n .识别力，洞察力(discern; discernible) excel v .优于，优秀，胜过他人experience n ./vt .经验，体验，经历，阅历experienced adj.富有经验的explore v .探险，探究，开发fantastic adj.幻想的，荒谬的，空想的genius n .天才，天赋high-quality adj.高质量的idealism n .理想主义illogical adj.缺乏逻辑的imagination n .想象（力）individuality n .个性，个人的特性ingenious adj.机灵的，有创造力的inherence n .（性质等的）内在，固有，天赋innate adj.天生的，与生俱来的inquisitive adj.好追根究底的，好奇的(inquire) insight n.洞察力，见识instinct n .直觉，本能instinctive adj.本能的instructive adj.有意义的，在教育性的intellect n .智力intellectual adj.理智的，知识的intellectuality n .智力，知性intelligence quotient 智商IQ Emotional Quotient learned person 知识渊博的人literacy n .有文化，在教养，在读写能力master vt .精通，掌握mediocrity n .平庸（的人）(mediocre)mental growth 智力发展mold v .塑造narrow-minded adj.思想狭隘的nature n .本性，天性nonsensical adj.无意义的，荒谬的observation n .观察，观测perception n.洞察力，感知，理解perspective n .观点，看法，观点potential adj.潜在的，可能的；n .潜能，潜力prodigy n .天才（特指神童）promote vt .促进，发扬，推广，宣传，提升，提拔，晋升为put into great play 充分发挥quality education 素质教育savor n .滋味，风味，体验，品味shrewd adj.精明的sophisticated adj.复杂的，老练的，世故的stimulate vt .刺激，激励survival ability 生存能力tactful adj.机智的，得体的; 老练圆滑talented adj.有才能的technology-dependent adj.依赖科技的tele-education n .远程教育thinking pattern 思维模式utilitarian adj.功利的，实利的，功利主义的wisdom n .智慧，明智的行为，学识，至理名言wit n .智力，才智，智慧2．6 心理原则（PSYCHOLOGY）abnormality n .异常，例外aggressive adj.好斗的，敢作敢为的，有闯劲的，侵略性的alleviate stress 缓解压力arrogant adj.傲慢的，自大的aspiring adj.有抱负的，有雄心的behavior n .行为，举止brittle adj.脆弱的complacent adj.自满的，自鸣得意的complacency n. contented adj.心满足的cowardly adj.胆小的craven n .懦夫，胆小鬼，怯懦者；adj.怯懦的，畏缩的，胆小的curmudgeon n .坏脾气的人, 乖戾的老人devotion n .热爱，投入disrespectful adj.失礼的，无礼的ego n .自我，利已主义embarrass vt .使困窘，使局促不安envious adj.嫉妒的extrovert n .性格外向者introvert n.性格内向者frail adj.脆弱的idiosyncrasy n .(心理)特异品质，气质，习性；表现手法，风格indifference n .不感兴趣，漠不关心insatiable adj.不知足的，贪得无厌的irritable adj.易怒的lonesome adj.孤单的，寂寞的mad adj.疯狂的melancholy adj.忧郁的mentality n .智力，精神，心理，思想情况nervous adj.神经紧张的，不安的nervous breakdown 神经失常out of control 失去理智的，控制不了的out-going adj.外向的pessimism n .悲观（主义）proper pride 自尊心psychology n .心理学，心理状态rational adj.理性的，合理的snobbish adj.势利的solitary adj.孤独的sorrow n..悲伤superstitious adj.迷信的temperamental adj.喜怒无常的timid adj.胆小的，羞怯的unrealistic adj.不切实际的，不实在的2．7权利原则（RIGHTS）abolish vt .废止，废除（法律，制度，习俗等）abortion n .流产，堕胎accuse vt .指责animals rights advocate n .动物权益保护者ban n .禁令；vt .禁止，取缔（书刊等）bereave vt .剥夺，使失去be bereft of 失去，丧失，被剥夺blackout n.新闻封锁，广播中断；断电，灯火管制；暂时意识丧失，一时晕眩capital punishment 死刑censorship n .审查机构，审查制度civil right 民权collectivism n .集体主义（思想）confidential adj.秘密的constitute vt .制定（法律）consumers 'association 消委会copyright n .版权delinquent n .失职者,违法者adj.有过失的,违法的juvenile delinquency demand as one's due 视为……的权利deprive vt .剥夺，使丧失ofdistortion n .歪曲，扭曲enact vt .制定法律，颁布enjoy the freedom 享受自由enjoy the privacy 享受个人空间establishment n .确立，制定euthanasia n .安乐死= mercy killingfair- minded adj. 公正的fight for the freedom 为自由而战forbid vt .禁止，不许force n .被迫，经历，魄力；vt .强制，强加freedom of speech 言论自由human rights 人权humanistic adj. 人道主义的inalienable a. 不可剥夺的,不能让与的alienate转让alienator转让人alienee受让人individualistic adj.个人主义的interference n .冲突，干涉intermeddle vt .干涉，管闲事meddle (in)= interfereintervene vi.干涉，干预，介入intimate adj.亲密的invade v .侵犯，侵害inviolable adj.神圣的jurisdiction n .审判权,管辖权,司法权jurisprudence法学，法律学just adj.公正的justified adj.合情合理的liberation n .解放，释放liberty n .自由，特权licit adj.合法的，正当的illicitlimit n .限制；vt .限制litigate v.起诉litigant诉讼当事人litigation n. indict[inˈdait] v.起诉控告指控indictment n.misbirth n .流产，堕胎monopoly n .垄断oppression n .压迫oust of 剥夺,撤职,驱逐,撵走privacy n .独处而不受干扰，秘密，隐私prohibit vt .禁止，阻止right of subsistence 生命权subsist 供给食物,维持生活,生存,供养righteous adj.正直的，正当的，正义的rightful adj.公正的set down 制定set free 释放social security 社会保障，社会保险stress n .重压，压力stringent adj.严厉的，迫切的，严格的unprejudiced adj.公平的，无偏见的，没有成见的violate vt .违犯，亵渎（圣物），违反violation n .违反，侵害，违背political constraint 政治的压力military service 兵役2.8 环保原则（ENVIRONMENT）accessible adj.易接近的，可到达的acid n .酸性物质anthropologist n.人类学家anthropology n.antiseptic n ./a. 防腐剂,杀菌剂septic a. 受感染的,腐败的; 败血症的atmospheric pollution 大气污染available adj.可利用的，有用的be exhausted 被耗尽的beautification n .美化，装饰begrimed adj.污秽的begrime v. grime n/v 污垢弄污biodegradable adj.生物所能分解的degradable a.可降解的blameworthy adj.应受谴责的bucolic adj.田园的，农村生活的n 土包子rustic 乡村的粗野的淳朴的cancer n .癌chemical-waste 化工废料cityscape n .都市风景landscape n.condition n .条件，环境congest v .使密集，拥塞conserve vt.保护，保存，保藏contaminant n .致污物，污染物contaminate v.污染convenient adj.便利的，方便的depersonalization n . 使变得失去人性，使变得漠然dehumanization n. durable adj.持久的，耐用的ecological balance 生态平衡ecological system 生态系统ecology n .生态学emit n .排放endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种energy shortage 能源短缺environment n..环境，生态环境，自然环境environmentalist n .环境保护论者，环境论者environmentally friendly 环保友好的exhaust vt .用尽，耗尽；vi.排气；n.废气food chain 食物链food pollution 食品污染fume n .烟garbage n .垃圾，废物gene n .基因globalization n .全球一体化illaudable a.应受谴责的laudable=praiseworthy值得称赞laud, laudatory title美称illegal adj.违法的，不合规定的incinerator n .焚化装置，焚化炉incinerate焚化毁弃irreparable harm 不能弥补的伤害junk n .垃圾landscape n .风景landslip n .山泥倾泻滑坡土崩landslide 山崩压倒性胜利light pollution 光污染meteorologist n .气象学家meteor大气现象,流行meteorology气象学meteoric大气的,流星的municipal refuse 城市垃圾municipality自治市市当局municipal sewage 城市污水optimize the environment 尽可能改善工作环境overpass n .立交桥pastoral adj.田园生活的，乡村的pesticide n .农药picturesque adj.迷人的preserve vt .保护，保存radioactivity n .放射性rare animal 稀有动物rarity n .稀有recyclable adj.可循环的rubbish n .垃圾，废物ruin v .（使）堕落，毁灭，毁掉smelly adj.发臭的，有臭味的soil erosion 水土流失erosion腐蚀侵蚀磨损减少soil pollution 土壤污染spoil vt.损坏，扰乱，宠坏，溺爱，搞糟squalid adj.肮脏的stain n .污点，瑕疵；v.染污，沾污stink v .发出臭味subsistence n .生存，生活surroundings n .环境tar n .焦油toxic chemical 有毒化学品traffic jam 交通阻塞trash n .无价值之物，垃圾，废物white trash穷苦白人,贫穷白人的后裔trashy a. tunnel n.隧道，地道unbearable adj.无法忍受的，承受不住的unspoiled adj.未被毁坏的vegetation n .植被，植物，蔬菜ventilation n .通风；用新鲜空气净化ventilate使通风公开讨论vicious circle恶性循环virtuous circle 良性循环waste gas 废气wastewater n .废气water body pollution 水体污染wild animal 野生动物wilderness n . 荒野，荒地wildlife n .野生动植物worsen v .（使）变得更坏，恶化，损害2．9文化与传统原则（CULTURE AND TRADITION）aboriginal culture 土著（原来的）文化aborigines n.土著居民aboriginal language 土著语言absorb the quintessence 吸取精华quintessence典型完美榜样精华第五元素quint aesthetic value 美学价值aesthetic adj.美学的，审美的ancestor n . 祖先，祖宗ancient adj.古代的，远古的antiquated idea 陈旧观念=outdatedarcheologist n .考古学家artistic value 艺术价值be on the way to extinction接近灭绝的边缘be passed down 传递be proud of 感到骄傲be under threat of extinction 处于灭绝的境地bequeath v .遗留，传下brilliant and gorgeous culture 灿烂光辉的文化calligraphy n .书法carry forward 发扬光大推进celebrated adj.著名的characteristic adj.特有的，典型的；n .特性，特征cherish vt.珍视，珍爱，怀抱（希望等）harbor心怀（怨恨）civilization n .文明，文化，文明社会civilized adj.开化了的，文明的，文明社会clever blend of traditional and modern 传统与现代的巧妙结合colorless adj.无色的，无趣味的comic dialogue 相声costume n .服装，装束cradle of culture 文化摇篮cross-talk n . 相声cultivate v .培养，养成cultural assimilation 文化同化cultural background 文化背景cultural habit 文化习惯cultural heritage 文化遗产cultural identity 文化特性cultural institution 文化机构cultural legacy 文化遗产cultural object and historic relic 文化古迹diverse culture 多元化的文化diversity n .差异，多样性dominant language 主流的语言embroidery n .刺绣品，刺绣，装饰endangered language 濒临灭绝的语言ethnic and cultural identity 民族文化特色folk art 民间艺术forced assimilation 强迫同化gallery n .戏院，美术陈列室，画廊genre n .流派globalization of culture 文化全球一体化great and profound 博大精深的hindrance n .妨碍，障碍without let or hindrance 无阻碍的historic relic 历史文物homogenous world culture 同一的世界文化homogenize 使均匀使一致identity n .民族特点，国家特色immortal adj.不朽的impediment n .妨碍，阻碍imperishable adj.不朽的in danger 处于危险之中in vogue 正时兴，正在流行indigenous language 本土语言indigenize 使本土化本国化ingrain notion 根深蒂固的看法ingrain v.使根深蒂固生染a.染色的根深蒂固的ingrained in language extinction 语言消亡language loss 语言消失language preservation 语言保护linguistic diversity 语言多元化living heirloom 传家宝mainstream lifestyle 主流生活方式minority language 少数民族语言minority people 少数民族mother tongue 母语national estrangement 民族隔阂national identity 民族特性national pride 民族自豪感national unity 民族团结native language 母语obsolete adj.过时的，废弃的，陈旧的obstacle n .障碍，妨害物obstruction n .阻塞，妨碍，障碍物old-fashioned adj.过时的open-minded adj.思想开放的opera n.歌剧out of fashion 不流行的outmoded adj.过时的out-of-date adj.过时的outside influence 外来影响paper-cuttin g n .剪纸patron n .赞助人place of interest 名胜古迹prime n..精华；adj.首要的puppet show 木偶剧quintessence n .精萃，精华，典范reject the dross and assimilate the essence 剔除糟粕，吸取精华remains n .遗迹reservation n .保留，保护sculpture n ./v.雕刻，雕塑sense of belonging 归属感shame n .羞耻，羞愧small ethnic group 少数民族sociology n .社会学splendid adj.壮丽的，辉煌的，极好的spread v .传播state of endangerment 濒危的状态stylish adj.时髦的，漂亮的，流行的superficial adj.表面的，肤浅的，浅薄的take pride in 以……为荣temple n .寺庙traditional cultural education 传统文化教育traditional culture 传统文化transform vt .转换，改变，转化，变换，改造transmit vt.传输，发射，传播treasure n .财富，财产；v .珍爱，爱惜tribal tradition 种族传统tribe n .部落unique adj.惟一的，独特的unorthodox adj.非正统的orthodoxvanish vi.消失，突然不见的variety n .多样性，品种，种类，变化vessel of communication 交流的工具war and genocide战争和种族大屠杀ethnic cleansing种族清洗种族灭绝wave of cultural globalization 文化全球一体化的浪潮wisdom n .智慧woodcarving n .木雕2．10 道德与犯罪原则（MORALITY AND CRIME）abuse ,neglect and delinquency 虐待，忽视，行为不良addiction n .沉溺，上瘾adolescent adj.青春期的，青春的；n .青少年affection n .友爱，爱情，影响aggressive behavior 进攻性行为anomaly n .不规则，异常的人或物anomalous a.antisocial adj.不擅社交的，反社会的armed robbery 持械抢劫arson n .纵火，纵火罪avenge oneself on 向……报仇，向……进行报复be charged with 被指控犯罪be guilty of 有罪be prone to social ills 易受到社会恶习的侵蚀bully n .欺凌弱小者；vt .威吓，威逼burglary v .入室行窃burglar n.child abuse 摧殘儿童，虐待儿童confidence ,self-esteem and life skills 信心，自信和生活技能copy n.模仿，仿效curiosity n .好奇（心）degenerate v .退化，恶化，堕落deprivation n .剥夺, 丧失depravity n. 堕落, 恶习depraved adj.堕落的，邪恶的detrimental adj.有害的（to）=damaging to the detriment of=resulting in harm/damage to differentiate virtue from evil 辨明是非distinguish between right and wrong 辨别是非distinguish good from evil 分辨善恶distinguish right from wrong 辨明是非domestic violence 家庭暴力drug addict 吸毒者drugs and alcohol 毒品和酒精dupe n .易受骗的人，易受愚弄的人；vt .欺骗，愚弄duplicity n. duplicitous a. egocentric person 自私自利的人emotional adj.情绪的，情感的evil adj.邪恶的；n .邪恶，罪恶fall a victim to 成为……的牺牲品follow like sheep 盲从go astray 误入歧途guilty adj.犯罪的，有罪的，内疚的inexperience n .无经验，不熟练，缺乏处世之道或知识inexperienced adj.无经验的，不熟练的intervention n .干涉juvenile adj.青少年的material comforts 物质享受monitoring and supervision 监管morally corrupt 道德败坏的naive adj.天真的，幼稚的negative role model 负面榜样obsession n .迷住，困扰offender n .罪犯，冒犯者，犯法者offensive material 不恰当的材料，不雅材料parental permissiveness 家长的过分宽容peer influence 同伴的影响peer pressure 来自同龄人的压力perpetrator n .犯罪者，作恶者personality trait 性格特征perverted adj.不正当的pervert v.误入歧途physical abuse 体罚pornographic adj.色情的，色情作品的poverty n .贫穷，贫困pregnancy n .怀孕primp v .<美>（过分讲究地）打扮，装饰proper guidance 恰当的指引prostitution n .卖淫，堕落，滥用respect n./v. 尊敬，敬重，尊重retaliate v .报复retaliatory a.risky behavior 危险的行为self-centered adj.自我为中心的sequacious adj.盲从的, 前后一贯的sexual harassment 性骚扰single-parent family 单亲家庭sinister adj.险恶的,邪恶的,罪恶的,不祥的spoiled adj.宠坏的strengthen the family ties 增强家庭感情substance abuse 滥用毒品take fantasy for reality 把虚幻当现实take vengeance on 报仇thievery n .偷窃trusting adj.信任的,信赖的unwed mother 未婚妈妈upbringing n .抚育,教养victim n.受害人,牺牲品victimization n .受害,牺牲,欺骗violence in domestic relationships 家庭暴力wipe out illiteracy 扫除文盲。

Chapter 1 人物a man of stout build 矮胖的人a short person 矮个子about/around 40 大约40岁alert 敏捷机灵的ambitious 有雄心的amiable 和蔼可亲的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有抱负的bald 光秃的beard 络腮胡broad-shouldered 宽肩的clean—shaven 刮过脸的considerate 体贴的curly hair 卷曲的头发dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的discreet 小心谨慎的double eyelid 双眼皮dyed 染色的energetic 精力充沛的enthusiastic 热情的expressive 善于表达的fair—skinned 皮肤白皙的faithful 忠诚的forceful 有说服力的frank 直率的fringe 刘海full lips 厚嘴唇generous 宽宏大量的gentle and graceful （女性）窈窕的gentle 有礼貌的hard-working 勤劳的hearty 亲切的hospitable 好客的humorous 幽默的in his/her 30's 30多岁independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的long eye lashes 长睫毛long nose 长鼻梁medium build 中等身材medium height 中等身高moustache 唇上的胡子neat 整洁的oval face 瓜子脸overweight 偏胖的plait 编的辫子plump 丰满的plump/chubby cheeks 胖胖的脸蛋pointed chin 尖下巴pony—tail 马尾辫round face 圆脸slight of figure 身材瘦小的slim 苗条的square face 方脸thin lips 薄嘴唇wavy hair 波浪形头发well made—up 化妆的well-built (男性)健壮的well-educated 受过良好教育的with wrinkles/lines 有皱纹的Chapter 2 交通airport 机场arrival time 到达时间be stuck in the traffic jam 塞车bicycle 自行车boarding pass/card 登机牌/卡bus pass 公交一卡通bus 公共汽车coach 长途客车compact 小轿车compartment 车厢corridor 走廊dead(right ) on time 准点delay 晚点departure lounge （出发）休息室departure time 出发时间drink-driving /drunk-driving 酒后开车driver 司机economy class 经济舱elevator 电梯entrance 入口exit 出口E-ticket(electronic ticket ）电子票fatigue driving 疲劳驾驶first class 头等舱flight attendant 空姐flight crew 机组人员flight number 航班号flight 班机jeep 吉普车left luggage office 行李寄存处light railway/rail 轻轨lobby 大厅means of transport 交通工具motor vehicle 机动车辆motorbike 摩托车motoring offence 违章驾驶mountain bike 山地车off—road vehicle 越野车on time 正点overpass 天桥passenger 乘客pedestrian 行人platform ticket 站台票rack 行李架reservation 预定return ticket 往返票rider 骑自行车/马等的人rush hour 上下班高峰期saloon/car 轿车security camera 监控摄像头security checks 安检sidewalk/pavement 人行道single/one-way ticket 单程票sleeper 卧铺spaceship 宇宙飞船staircase 楼梯ticket inspector 检票员traffic condition 交通状况traffic jam/congestion 交通堵塞traffic/road/car accident 交通事故train attendant 列车员tunnel 隧道underground/subway 地铁underpass 地下通道vehicle type 车辆类型Chapter 3 婚姻家庭arrogant 傲慢自大的be addicted in 沉迷于be tired of learning 厌学的birthday cake 生日蛋糕blow the candles 吹蜡烛bouquet 花束bread-winners 养家糊口的人bride 新娘bridegroom/groom 新郎bridesmaid 伴娘bring up/foster 抚养communicate 沟通corporal punishment 体罚democratic 民主的DINK(double income no kid ） family 不要子女的家庭discriminate 歧视divorce 离婚etiquette 礼节exchange 交换family party 家庭聚会feminist 女权主义者formality 礼节,仪式foster one’soriginality 培养创造力get—together 联欢会groomsman 伴郎guidance of parents 父母的引导harmonious 和睦的honeymoon 蜜月household chores 家务劳动independence 独立性indifferent 冷漠的innocent 天真的late marriage 晚婚marital relationships 婚姻关系naughty 调皮的negative role model 负面榜样officiator 主婚人optimistic 乐观的overlook/neglect 忽视pastor 牧师potential 潜能single-parent family 单亲家庭solitary 孤僻的Speeches 结婚祝词spoil 溺爱stimulate interest 激发兴趣support a family 支撑家庭trustworthy 可信赖的Vows 婚誓wedding anniversary 结婚纪念日wedding cake 婚礼蛋糕wedding ceremony 结婚典礼wedding dress 婚纱wedding ring 结婚戒指widen one's outlook 开阔眼界Chapter 4 喜好active 积极活跃的backstroke 仰泳billiards 台球breaststroke 蛙泳cycle racing 骑自行车运动develop social skills 培养交际能力energetic 精力充沛的enjoyable 令人愉快的flying kites 放风筝go fishing 垂钓go for a drive in one’s car 驾车兜风go on an outing 去远足gymnasium 体育馆，健身房hang about in a bar 泡吧have some time at one's own disposal 有独立支配的时间interactive 互动的keep fit 保持健康leisure activity 休闲活动optimistic 乐观的outdoor exercise 室外活动parachuting 跳伞pastime 消遣,娱乐play bowling 打保龄球play cards 打牌play chess 下棋play golf 打高尔夫球refresh 使精神振作sing songs in KTV 在KTV唱歌sleep in/lie in 睡懒觉soap opera 肥皂剧soothe/ease fatigue 缓解疲劳soothe field 运动场stadium 露天运动场stay motivated 保持活力stimulate the mind 刺激思维stimulating 刺激的strike a proper balance between work and leisure 劳逸结合stroll up/down the streets 逛街surf the web/Internet 上网冲浪surfing 冲浪to relieve the stress/tension 减压to strengthen muscles 锻炼肌肉track-and—field 田径运动TV serials 电视连续剧vigorous 精力旺盛的visit/stroll around a park 逛公园visual stimulation 视觉刺激Chapter 5 建筑accommodation 住宅altar 坛arch 拱形门architecture 建筑be located in the middle of CBD 位于中心商业区的中央be located in 坐落在/地处于……building with a classical trend 古典风格建筑building 建筑业,建筑物bungalow 平房cathedral 大教堂CBD(Central Business District) Chinese—styled 中式风格的church 教堂city square 城市广场classic masterpiece 经典的杰作contemporary style 现代风格European style 欧式风格European-styled 欧式风格的flat/apartment 公寓Forbidden City 故宫stand.。

雅思考试要记住的法律类英语词汇雅思考试要记住的法律类英语词汇在这个法制观念深入人心的社会与时代，法律是人们常常提及的，下面，我们来看一下一些雅思考试要记住的法律类英语词汇。

arbitrationn.调停，仲裁The union finally agreed to go to arbitration as away to tackle the strike.工会最终同意将仲裁作为解决罢工的一种方式。

delinquencyn. 行为不良，违法行为Juvenile delinquency haunts the city government.青少年犯罪困扰着市政府。

solicitorn. 律师，法律顾问attorneyn.律师(lawyer)notaryn.公证人defendantn.被告proceedingn.法律行动;诉讼He was advised to take proceedings.有人劝他进行诉讼。

hearingn.听证会The city government decides to hold a hearing into water price cap mechanism.市政府决定就水价上限机制的问题举行听证会。

interrogatoryadj.质问的，疑问的(questionable)evidencen.证词，证据The old man submitted the photograph in evidence.老人提交了照片作为证据。

summonsn.传唤，召集;传票Summons is a notice summoning a defendant to appear in court.传票是指传唤被告人出庭的通知。

liabilityn. 责任(responsibility),义务，倾向;债务,负债The business failed because its assets were not so great as its liabilities.因为资不抵债，生意失败了。

雅思核心词汇1228abandon [ə’bændən] v.放弃, 遗弃n.放任, 狂热abnormal [æb’nɔ:məl] adj.反常的, 变态的abolish [ə’bɔliʃ] v.废止, 废除(法律、制度、习俗等)abrupt [ə’brʌpt] adj.突然的, 陡峭的, 生硬的absent [‘æbsənt] v.缺席；adj.不在的, 缺席的, 缺少的absolutely [‘æbsəlu:tli] adv.完全地, 绝对地absurd [əb’sə:d] adj.荒谬的, 可笑的abundance [ə’bʌndəns] n.丰富, 充裕, 丰富充裕abundant [ə’bʌndənt] adj.丰富的, 充裕的abuse [ə’bju:z] n.& v.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂acceptable [ək’septəbl] adj.可接受的, 合意的access [‘ækses] n.通路, 访问, 入门；v.存取, 接近accessory [æk’sesəri]n.附件, 附加物, 从犯, 同谋者；adj.附属的, 同谋的, 副的accommodate [ə’kɔmədeit] v.供应, 适应,向...提供, 容纳accomplish [ə’kɔmpliʃ] v.完成, 达到, 实现accord [ə’kɔ:d] n.一致, 符合, 协定；v.一致, 符合account [ə’kaunt] n.计算, 帐目, 说明accumulate [ə’kju:mjuleit] v.积聚, 堆积accurate [‘ækjurit] adj.正确的, 精确的accuse [ə’kju:z] v.控告, 谴责, 非难acknowledge [ək’nɔlidʒ] v.承认, 答谢, 报偿acquaint [ə' kweint] v.使熟知, 通知acquire [ə' kwaiə] v.获得, 学到activate [' æktiveit] v.刺激, 使活动，有活力actually [' æktʃuəlɪ] adv.实际上, 事实上acute [ə' kju:t] adj.敏锐的, 急性的, 剧烈的adapt [ə' dæpt] v.使适应, 改编adaptable [ə' dæptəbl] adj.能适应的, 可修改的add [æd] v.增加, 添加adequate [' ædikwit] adj.适当的, 足够的adhere [əd' hiə] v.粘附, 胶着, 坚持adjoin [ə' dʒɔin] v.邻接, 毗连adjust [ə' dʒʌst] v.调整, 调节, 使适合administer [əd’ministə] v.管理, 给予, 执行adolescent [,ædəu' lesnt] n.青少年；adj.青春期的, 青春的adopt [ə'dɔpt] v.采用，收养adverse [' ædvə:s] adj.不利的, 敌对的, 相反的advertise [' ædvətaɪz] v.做广告, 登广告advisable [əd' vaizəbl] adj.可取的, 明智的advocate [' ædvəkit] v.提倡, 鼓吹aesthetic [i:s’θetik] adj.美学的, 审美的affair [ə'fe（美ɛ）ə] n.事务, 事件affect [ə’fekt] v.影响, 感动affiliate [ə’filieit] v.(使...)加入, 接受为会员affirm [ə’fə:m] v.断言, 确认, 肯定afflict [ə’flikt] v.使痛苦, 折磨affluent [‘æfluənt] n.富裕的agenda [ə’dʒendə] n.议程，行动计划aggravate [‘æg rəveit v.使恶化, 加重aggressive [ə’g resiv] adj.好斗的, 侵略性的agitation [ædʒi’teiʃən] n.激动, 兴奋, 煽动agony [‘ægəni] n.苦恼, 极大的痛苦alert [ə’lə:t] adj.提防的, 警惕的alien [‘eiljən] n.外侨；adj.外国的, 相异的alike [ə’laik]adj.相同的, 相似的；adv.以同样的方式, 类似于alive [ə’laiv] adj.活着的, 活泼的allege [ə’ledʒ] v.宣称, 断言alleviate [ə’li:vieit] v. 减轻，缓和allowance [ə’lauəns] n.津贴, 补助alter [‘ɔ:ltə] v.改变，变更alternate [ɔ:l’tə:nit] v.交替, 改变；adj.交替的, 轮流的amateur [‘æmətə(:)] n.业余爱好者,amaze [ə’meiz] v.使吃惊ambiguous [æm' bɪɡjuəs] adj.暧昧的, 不明确的ambitious [æm’biʃəs] adj.有雄心的, 野心勃勃的amend [ə’mend] v.修正, 改进, 改正amount [ə’maunt] n.数量；v.(to) 总计, 等于ample [‘æmpl] adj.充足的, 丰富的amplify [‘æmplifai] v.放大, 扩大amuse [ə’mju:z] v.使发笑, 使愉快analogy [ə’nælədʒi] n.类似, 类推anniversary [,æni’və:səri] n.周年纪念annually [‘ænjʊəlɪ] adv.一年一次, 每年anonymous [ə’nɔniməs] adj.匿名的antique [æn’ti:k] n.古物, 古董；adj.古时的, 过时的anxiety [æŋg’zaiəti] n.忧虑, 焦急, 渴望anxious [‘æŋkʃəs] adj. 担忧的, 渴望的appeal [ə’pi:l] n.& v.请求, 呼吁,控诉appearance [ə’piərəns] n.出现, 露面, 外貌appendix [ə’pendiks] n.附录, 附属品, 阑尾applaud [ə’plɔ:d] v.拍手喝彩, 称赞applicable [‘æplikəbl] adj.可适用的, 可应用的apply [ə’plai] v.申请, 应用appointment [ə’pɔintmənt] n.约会, 指定appraisal [ə’preizəl] n.评价, 鉴定appreciable [ə’pri:ʃiəbl] adj.可感知的, 可评估的appreciate [ə’pri:ʃieit] v.赏识, 感激apprehension [,æpri’henʃən] n.理解, 忧惧approach [ə’prəutʃ] n.& v. 接近, 通路,靠近appropriate [ə’prəupriit] adj.适当的；v.拨款approve [ə’pru:v] v.赞成, 批准, 通过apt [æpt] adj.有...倾向的, 灵敏的, 灵巧的arbitrary [‘ɑ:bitrəri] adj. 武断的, 专断的arise [ə’raiz] vi.出现, 发生, 起床arouse [ə’rauz] v.唤醒, 唤起arrange [ə’reindʒ] v.安排, 排列, 协商array [ə’rei] n.排列, 编队articulate [ɑ:’tikjulit] adj.发音清晰的，听得懂的artificial [,ɑ:ti’fiʃəl] adj.人造的, 假的ascend [ə’send] v.攀登, 上升ascertain [,æsə’tein] v.确定, 探知ascribe [əs’kraib] v.归因于, 归咎于assault [ə’sɔ:lt] n.& v.攻击, 袭击assemble [ə’sembl] v.集合, 聚集assert [ə’sə:t] v.断言, 声称assessment [ə’sesmənt] n.估价asset [‘æset] n.资产, 有用的东西assignment [ə’sainmənt] n.分配, 委派, 任务assimilate [ə’simileit] v.吸收associate [ə’səuʃieit] v.联系, 交往, 结交assume [ə’sju:m] v.假定, 设想assumption [ə’sʌmpʃən] n.假定, 设想assurance [ə’ʃuərəns] n.确信, 断言, 保证attack [ə’tæk] n.& v.进攻, 攻击attainable [ə’teinəbl] adj.可到达的, 可得到的attempt [ə’tempt] n.企图；v.尝试, 企图attend [ə’tend] v.出席, 照顾, 护理attendance [ə’tendəns] n.出席, 出席的人数attention [ə’tenʃən] n.注意, 关心, 注意力attitude [‘ætitju:d] n.姿势, 态度, 看法attraction [ə’trækʃən] n.吸引, 吸引力attribute [ə’tribju(:)t] n.属性；v. 归结于authentic [ɔ:’θentik] adj.可信的，真实的authorize [‘ɔ:θəraɪz] v.批准automatically [ɔ:tə’mætɪklɪ] adv.自动地, 机械地automation [ɔ:tə’meiʃən] n.自动，自动化autonomy [ɔ:’tɔnəmi] n.自治avail [ə’veil] vi.有益于；n.效用available [ə’veiləbl] adj.可用到的, 可利用的, 通用的avenue [‘ævinju:] n.林荫道, 大街, 路average [‘ævəridʒ] n.平均数；adj. 平均的avert [ə’və:t] v.转移，避免avoid [ə’vɔid] vt.避免, 消除awkward [‘ɔ:kwəd] adj.难使用的, 笨拙的badly [‘bædli] adv.严重地, 恶劣地baffle [‘bæfl] v.困惑, 阻碍, 为难bald [bɔ:ld] adj.光秃的, 单调的, 枯燥的ban [bɑ:n] v & n.禁止bandage [‘bændidʒ] n.绷带bankrupt [‘bæŋkrʌpt] v.破产bare [be（美ɛ）ə] adj.赤裸的, 无遮蔽的barely [‘be（美ɛ）əli] adv.仅仅, 刚刚, 几乎不能bargain [‘bɑ:gin] n.契约, 合同；v.议价barrel [‘bærəl] n.桶，圆筒barren [‘bærən] adj.不生育的, 不孕的, 贫瘠的barrier [‘bæriə] n.障碍物, 栅栏, 屏障battery [‘bætəri] n.电池beam [ bi:m ] n.梁, 横梁, (光线的)束, 柱, 电波beneficial [beni’fiʃəl] adj.有益的,有利的benefit [‘benifit] n.利益, 好处；v.有益于, 有助于betray [bi’trei] vt.出卖, 背叛, 泄露bewilder [bi’wildə] v.迷惑, 不知所措bias [‘baiəs] n.偏见, 偏爱bibliography [bibli’ɔgrəfi] n.书目, 参考书目bite [bait] n.& v.咬, 刺痛bitter [‘bitə] adj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的blame [bleim] n.过失, 责备；vt.责备, 谴责blank [blæŋk] n.空白；adj.空白的, 空着的blast [blɑ:st] n.一阵(风), 一股(气流), 爆炸, 冲击波blaze [bleiz] n.火焰, 光辉；v.燃烧, 照耀bleak [bli:k] adj.寒冷的, 荒凉的, 凄凉的bloom [blu:m] n.花；v.开花, 繁盛blossom [‘blɔsɔm] n.花, 花开的状态；v.开花, 兴旺, 发展blunder [‘blʌndə] n.大错, 失误；v. 犯大错, 做错blunt [blʌnt] adj.钝的, 生硬的blush [blʌʃ] v.脸红, 羞愧bold [bəuld] adj.大胆的boom [bu:m] n.繁荣, 隆隆声；v.暴涨，繁荣boost [bu:st] v.推进bother [‘bɔðə] v.烦扰, 打扰bound [baund] n.& v.跃进, 跳；adj.被束缚的breakdown [‘breikdaun] n.崩溃, 衰弱breed [bri:d] v.繁殖, 教养, 抚养bribe [braib] n.& v.贿赂brisk [brisk] adj.轻快的, 活泼的bruise [bru:z] n.瘀伤, 擦伤brutal [‘bru:tl] adj.残忍的, 兽性的budget [‘bʌdʒit] n.预算；v.做预算, 编入预算bump [bʌmp] n.撞击, 肿块；v.碰(伤), 撞(破)burial [‘beriəl] n.埋葬burst [bə:st] n.& v.爆裂, 炸破, 爆发campaign [kæm’pein] n.运动，竞选活动capacity [kə’pæsiti] n.容量,才能, 能力captive [‘kæptiv] n.俘虏；adj.被俘的, 被迷住的car-pooln.多人（同一目的地）乘坐同一辆汽车并分担费用carve [kɑ:v] v.雕刻, 切开case [keis] n.事, 案例, 情形, 场合casualty [‘kæʒjuəlti] n.伤亡category 英['kætɪg(ə)rɪ] 美['kætəɡɔri] n.种类cater [‘keitə] v. 投合，满足(需要)caution [‘kɔ:ʃən] n.小心, 谨慎, 警告cautious [‘kɔ:ʃəs] adj.谨慎的, 小心的cement [ si’ment ] n.水泥, 接合剂ceremony [ ‘seriməni ] n.典礼, 仪式certain [‘sə:tən]adj.确定的, 某一个, 无疑的；pron.某几个, 某些certainty [‘sə:tənti] n.确定, 确实的事情certify [‘sə:tifai] v.证明, 保证challenge [‘tʃælindʒ] n.& v.挑战change [tʃeindʒ] n.改变, 变化, 找回的零钱；v.改变,变化chaos [‘ keiɔs] n.混乱, 混沌characteristic [,kæriktə’ristik] n.特性, 特征；adj.特有的, 表示特性的characterize [‘kærɪktəraɪz] vt.表现...的特色, 刻画的...性格charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] n.费用；v.索价，控告charity [‘tʃæriti] n.慈善, 施舍, 慈善团体charm [tʃɑ:m] n.吸引力, 魔力, 魅力charter [‘tʃɑ:tə] n.宪章chat [tʃæt] n.& v.聊天cheat [tʃi:t] n.& v.欺骗, 骗取，作弊cherish [‘tʃeriʃ] v.珍爱, 怀抱chronic [‘krɔnik] adj.慢性的, 延续很长的circulation [,sə:kju’leiʃən] n.循环, 流通circus [‘sə:kəs] n.马戏团, 杂技团cite [sait] v.引用, 引证claim [kleim]n.要求, 主张；v.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称，主张clarity [‘klæriti] n.清楚, 透明clash [klæʃ]n.冲突, 撞击声, 抵触；v.(使)发出撞击声, 猛撞, 冲突classic [‘klæsik] n.杰作, 名著；adj.第一流的，经典的classify [‘klæsifai] v.分类, 分等clearance [‘kliərəns] n.清除climax [‘klaimæks] n.高潮, 顶点cling [kliŋ] vi.粘紧, 附着, 坚持clutch [klʌtʃ] v.抓住, 攫住coherent [kəu’hiərənt] adj.粘在一起的, 一致的, 连贯的coincide [,kəuin’said] v.一致, 符合coincidence [kəu’insidəns] n.一致, 相合, 同时发生或同时存在的事collaboration [kə,læbə’reiʃən] n.协作, 通敌collected [kə’lektid] adj.收集成的, 冷静的, 镇定的collide [kə’laid] vi.碰撞, 抵触combat [‘kɔmbət] n.& v.战斗, 格斗comedy [‘kɔmidi] n.喜剧comfortable [‘kʌmfətəbl] adj.舒适的commemorate [kə’meməreit] v.纪念commence [kə’mens] v.开始, 着手commend [kə’mend] v.称赞, 表扬, 推荐comment [‘kɔment] n.& v.注释, 评论commentary [‘kɔməntəri] n.注释, 解说词commodity [kə’mɔditi] n.日用品commonplace [‘kɔmənpleis] n.平凡的事compact [‘kɒ（美ɑ）mpækt] n.契约, 合同；adj.紧凑的, 紧密的comparable [‘kɔmpərəbl] adj.可比较的, 比得上的comparative [kəm’pærətiv] adj.比较的, 相当的compare [kəm’pe（美ɛ）ə] v.比较, 相比, 比喻compass [‘kʌmpəs] n.指南针compatible [kəm’pætəbl] adj.谐调的, 一致的, 兼容的compensate [‘kɔmpənseit] v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬compete [kəm’pi:t] v.比赛, 竞争competence [‘kɒ（美ɑ）mpətəns] n.能力competitive [kəm’petitiv] adj.竞争的compile [kəm’pail] v.编译, 编辑, 汇编complement [‘kɔmplimənt] n.补足物；v.补足complete [kəm’pli:t] v.完成；adj.全部的, 完全的, 完成的completely [kəm’pli:tlɪ] adv.十分, 完全地complication [,kɔmpli’keiʃ(ə)n] n.复杂，并发症compliment [‘kɔmplimənt] n.& v. 称赞, 恭维comply [kəm’plai] v.顺从, 答应, 遵守composite [‘kɔmpəzit, -zait] n.合成物；adj.合成的, 复合的comprehensively [,kɔmpri’hensivlɪ] adv.包括地compress [kəm’pres] v.压缩, 摘要叙述comprise [kəm’praɪz] v.包含, 由...组成compromise [‘kɔmprəmaiz] v & n.妥协compulsory [kəm’pʌlsəri] adj. 必修的, 被强迫的, 义务的concede [kən’si:d] v.勉强, 承认, 让步conceive [kən’si:v] v.构思，设想conception [kən’sepʃən] n.观念, 概念concern [kən’sə:n] vt.涉及, 关系到，关注concession [kən’seʃən] n.让步concise [kən’sais] adj.简明的, 简练的confer [kən’fə:] v.授予，协议，协商confident [‘kɔnfidənt] adj.自信的, 确信的confidential [kɔnfi’denʃəl] adj.秘密的, 机密的configuration [kən,figju’reiʃən] n.构造, 配置, 外形confirm [kən’fə:m] v.确定, 批准, 确认，巩固conform [kən’fɔ:m] v.一致, 遵守, 符合confront [kən’frʌnt] v.使面临, 对抗confuse [kən’fju:z] v.搞乱, 使糊涂confusion [kən’fju:ʒən] n.混乱, 混淆conquer [‘kɔŋkə] v.征服，克服conscientious [,kɔnʃi’enʃəs] adj.尽责的consequent [‘kɔnsikwənt] adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的consequently [‘kɒ（美ɑ）nsɪkwəntlɪ] adv.从而, 因此conservative [kən’sə:vətiv] adj.保守的, 守旧的conserve [kən’sə:v] v.保存, 保藏consider [kən’sidə] v.考虑, 照顾, 认为considerable [kən’sidərəbl] adj. 值得考虑的, 相当可观的considerate [kən’sidərit] adj.考虑周到的consistent [kən'sistənt] adj.一致的, 调和的, 坚固的consistently [kən'sistəntlɪ] adv.一贯地，始终如一地consolidate [kən'sɔlideit] v.巩固conspicuous [kən'spikjuəs] adj.显著的constantly [‘kɒ（美ɑ）nstəntlɪ] adv.不变地, 经常地, 坚持不懈地constrain [kən'strein] v.强迫, 抑制, 拘束consult [kən'sʌlt] v.商量, 请教, 参考consume [kən'sju:m] v.消耗, 消费, 消灭consumer [kən'sju:mə] n.消费者contain [kən'tein] v.包含, 容纳, 容忍contemplate [‘kɔntempleit] v.凝视, 沉思, 预期contempt [kən'tempt] n.轻视, 轻蔑, 不尊敬contend [kən'tend] v.斗争, 竞争, 主张content [kən’tent] n.内容, 目录，容量continual [kən'tinjuəl] adj.连续的, 频繁的, 持续不断的continuous [kən'tinjuəs] adj.连续的, 持续的contradict [kɔntrə'dikt] v.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contrary [‘kɔntrəri] n.相反；adj.相反的, 逆的contrast [‘kɔntræst] n.& v.对比, 对照contribute [kən'tribju:t] v.捐助, 捐献, 贡献contribution [,kɔntri'bju:ʃən] n.捐献, 贡献, 投稿contrive [kən'traiv] v.发明, 设计, 图谋controversial [,kɔntrə'və:ʃəl] adj.争论的, 争议的convenient [kən’vi:njənt] adj.便利的, 方便的converge [kən’və:dʒ] v.聚合, 集中于一点convert [kən’və:t] v.转变, 改变convict [‘kɔnvikt] n.罪犯；v.证明...有罪, 宣告...有罪cooperative [kəu’ɔpərətiv] adj.合作的, 协力的coordinate [kəu’ɔ:dinit] v.调整, 整理correct [kə’rekt] v.改正, 纠正；adj.正确的, 恰当的correlate [‘kɔrileit] v.相互关联correspondence [,kɔris’pɔndəns] n.相应, 通信, 信件corrode [kə’rəud] v.使腐蚀, 侵蚀corrupt [kə’rʌpt] v.腐烂；adj.腐败的, 贪污的cosmic [‘kɔzmik] adj.宇宙的counsel [‘kaunsəl] n.讨论, 商议, 律师counterpart [‘kauntəpɑ:t] n.副本, 极相似的人或物, 配对物counting [‘kauntiŋ] n.计算courage [‘kʌridʒ] n.勇气, 精神course [kɔ:s] n.过程, 课程, 一道菜courtesy [‘kə:tisi, ‘kɔ:-] n.谦恭, 允许, 礼貌coward [‘kauəd] n.懦弱的人, 胆小的人crash [kræʃ] n.& v. 碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁creation [kri’eiʃən] n.创造, 创作物crime [kraim] n.犯罪, 犯罪行为crisis [‘kraisis] n. 危机, 危险期, 紧要关头criterion [krai'tiəriən] n.标准, 规范crucial [‘kru:ʃiəl] adj.至关紧要的crude [kru:d] adj.天然的, 未加工的, 粗糙的cruise [kru:z] n.& v.巡游, 巡航culminate [‘kʌlmineit] v.达到顶点cultivate [‘kʌltiveit] v.培养, 耕作cumulative [‘kju:mjulətiv] adj.累积的curiosity [,kjuəri’ɔsiti] n.好奇心curious [‘kjuəriəs] adj.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的currency [‘kʌrənsi] n.流通curriculum [kə'rikjuləm] n.课程curse [ kə:s ] v.诅咒, 咒骂, 降祸customary [‘kʌstəməri] adj.习惯的, 惯例的cynical [‘sinikəl] adj.愤世嫉俗的damage [‘dæmidʒ] n.& v.损害, 伤害dazzle [‘dæzl] v.迷惑, 眩耀deadly [‘dedli] adj.致命的, 势不两立的debate [di’beit] n.& v.争论, 辩论decent [‘di:snt] adj.正派的, 端庄的,得体的decimal [‘desiməl] adj.十进的, 小数的decision [di'siʒən] n.决定, 决心, 结果decisive [di'saisiv] adj.决定性的decline [di'klain] v.下倾, 下降, 下垂decrease [di:'kri:s] n.& v. 减少dedicate [‘dedikeit] v.献(身), 致力deem [di:m] v.认为, 相信deficiency [di'fiʃənsi] n.缺乏, 不足deficit [‘defisit] n.赤字, 不足额defy [di'fai] v.不服从, 公然反抗, 挑衅degenerate [di'dʒenəreit] v.退化degrade [di’g reid] v.降级, 堕落, 退化delay [di'lei] n.& v.耽搁, 延迟, 延期deliberate [di'libəreit] adj.深思熟虑的, 故意的delicate [‘delikit] adj.精巧的, 精致的deliver [di'livə] v.递送, 陈述, 发表demand [di'mɑ:nd] v.要求, 需要demonstrate [‘demənstreit] v.示范，证明，论证denial [di'naiəl] n.否认, 否定, 拒绝denote [di'nəut] v.指示, 表示denounce [di'nauns] v.公开指责, 公然抨击, 谴责dense [dens] adj.密集的, 浓厚的deny [di'nai] v.否认, 拒绝depict [di'pikt] v.描述, 描写depression [di'preʃən] n.沮丧, 消沉, 低气压, 低压deprive [di'praiv] v.剥夺, 使丧失depute [di'pju:t] v.委托descendant [dɪ'send(ə)nt] n.子孙, 后裔, 后代descent [di'sent] n.降下, 降落, 世系desert [di'zə:t] n.沙漠；v.放弃, 遗弃desire [di'zaiə] n.愿望；v.想望, 期望,要求despise [dis'paiz] v.轻视destroy [dis'trɔi] v.破坏, 毁坏, 消灭destructive [dis'trʌktiv] adj.破坏(性)的detach [di'tætʃ] v.分开, 分遣, 派遣(军队)deteriorate [di'tiəriəreit] v.恶化determination [di,tə:mi'neiʃən] n.决心, 果断devote [di’vəut] v.投入于, 献身diagnose [‘daiəgnəuz] v.诊断diagram [‘daiəgræm] n.图表differ [‘difə] v.不一致, 不同diffuse [di’fju:z] v.散播, 传播, 漫射；adj.散开的, 弥漫的dignity [‘digniti] n.尊严, 高贵dilemma [di’lemə, dai-] n.进退两难的局面, 困难的选择diminish [di’miniʃ] v.减少, 变小direction [di’rekʃən, dai’rekʃən] n.方向, 指导, 说明(书) disable [dis’eibl] v.残废, 失去能力disastrous [di’zɑ:strəs] adj.损失惨重的, 悲伤的discern [di’sə:n] v.目睹, 洞悉, 辨别discrete [dis’kri:t] adj.不连续的, 离散的discriminate [dis’krimineit] v.歧视, 区别, 区别待遇disguise [dis’g aiz] n.伪装；v.假装, 伪装dislike [dis’laik] n.& v.讨厌, 不喜欢dismay [dis’mei] n.沮丧, 惊慌dispatch [dis’pætʃ] n.急件；v.分派, 派遣disperse [dis’pə:s] v.分散, 散开, 疏散dispose [dis’pəuz] v.处理, 处置, 销毁disposition [dispə’ziʃən] n.部署dispute [dis’pju:t] n.& v.争论, 辩论, 怀疑disregard [,disri’gɑ:d] n.& v.漠视, 忽视distance [‘distəns] n.远离, 一长段时间, 远方distinguish [dis’tiŋgwiʃ] v.区别，分辨distort [dis’tɔ:t] v.扭曲, 歪曲distract [dis’trækt] v.转移disturb [dis’tə:b] v.弄乱, 打扰, 扰乱diversion [dai’və:ʃən] n.转移, 转换, 牵制divert [di’və:t] v.转移, 转向, 使高兴dizzy [‘dizi] adj.晕眩的, 昏乱的doctrine [‘dɔktrin] n.教条, 学说document [‘dɔkjumənt] n.文献，文档，档案dominant [‘dɔminənt] adj.有统治权的, 占优势的, 显性的dominate [‘dɔmineit] v.支配, 占优势donate [dəu’neit] v.捐赠, 赠予doom [du:m] n.厄运, 毁灭, 世末日drastic [‘dræstik] adj.激烈的, 猛烈的draw [drɔ:] v. 曳, 牵, 画, 绘制drawback [‘drɔ:,bæk] n.缺点, 障碍, 退税，弊端dreadful [‘dredful] adj.可怕的, 讨厌的drop [drɔp] v.滴下, 落下, 下降drought [draut] n.干旱, 缺乏dual [‘dju(:)əl] adj.双的, 二重的, 双重dubious [‘dju:bjəs] adj.可疑的, 不确定的duplicate [‘dju:plikeit] v.复制 adj.复制的，双重的dwell [dwel] v.居住, 踌躇eccentric [ik’sentrik] n.行为古怪的人；adj.古怪echo [‘ekəu] n.回声，回音 v.回响eclipse [i’klips] n.日蚀, 月蚀edge [edʒ] n.刀口, 利刃, 边缘,优势edible [‘edibl] adj.可食用的editorial [edi’tɔ:riəl] n.社论educate [‘edju(:)keit] v.教育, 训练, 培养effect [i’fekt] n.结果, 效果, 作用effective [i’fektiv] adj.有效的, 被实施的efficient [i’fiʃənt] adj.生效的, 有效率的, 能干的eject [ɪ’dʒekt] v.撵出, 驱逐, 喷射elapse [ɪ’læps] v.过去, 消逝，流逝elegant [‘eligənt] adj.文雅的, 雅致的elevate [‘eliveit] v.举起, 提拔, 振奋elicit [i’lisit] v.得出, 引出, 引起eligible [‘elidʒəbl] adj.符合条件的, 合格的eliminate [i’limineit] v.消除elite [eɪ’li:t] n.精华, 精英，中坚分子eloquent [‘eləkwənt] adj.雄辩的, 有口才的embark [im’bɑ:k] v.上船, 上飞机, 从事embody [im’bɔdi] v.具体表达, 具体化, 包含emotion [i’məuʃən] n.情绪, 情感, 感情emphasize [‘emfəsaɪz] v.强调, 着重empirical [em’pirikəl] adj.完全根据经验的, 经验主义的employ [im’plɔi] v.雇用, 使用endeavor [in’devə] n.& v. 努力, 尽力endow [in’dau] v.捐赠, 赋予endurance [in’djurəns] n.忍耐(力), 持久(力)endure [in’djuə] v.耐久, 忍耐energetic [,enə’dʒetik] adj.精力充沛的, 积极的engagement [in’g eidʒmənt] n.约会, 婚约, 诺言enhance [in’hɑ:ns] v.提高, 增强enlightened [ɪn’laɪt(ə)nd] v.启迪；adj.文明enormous [i’nɔ:məs] adj.巨大的, 庞大的enroll [ɪn’rəʊl] v.登记, 招收ensure [in’ʃuə] v.保证, 担保, 确保entertainment [entə’teinmənt] n.款待, 娱乐, 娱乐表演enthusiastic [in,θju:zi’æstik] adj.热心的, 热情的entitle [in’taitl] v.给...权利(或资格), 授权epidemic [epi’demik] adj.流行的，传染的episode [‘episəud] n.一段情节, 插曲epoch [‘i:pɔk, ‘epɔk] n.新纪元, 时代equal [‘i:kwəl] adj.相等的, 均等的equivalent [i’kwivələnt] adj.相等的, 等量的erect [i’rekt] v.竖立, 树立, 建立erupt [i’rʌpt] v.喷出，爆发escort [is’kɔ:t] n.& v.护卫, 护送essence [‘esns] n.基本, 本质, 精华essentially [ɪ’senʃəlɪ] adv.本质上, 本来estate [i’steit] n.不动产, 阶层, 财产esthetic [i:s’θetik] adj.感觉的eternal [i(:)’tə:nl] adj.永恒的, 永远的, 不灭的ethnic [‘eθnik] adj.人种的, 种族的event [i’vent] n.事件, 事变, 活动, 竞赛evoke [i’vəuk] v.唤起, 引起, 博得exaggerate [i g’zædʒəreit] v.夸大, 夸张exception [ik’sepʃən] n.例外, 反对, 异议excess [ik’ses, ‘ekses] n.过度, 超过，过量excessive [ik’sesiv] adj.过多的, 过分的exchange [iks’tʃeindʒ] v.交换, 兑换, 交流exclusive [iks’klu:siv] adj.排外的, 独占的, 唯一的exclusively [ɪk’sklu:sɪvlɪ] adv.排外地, 专有地execution [,eksi’kju:ʃən] n.实行, 执行, 死刑exemplify [ig,zemplifi’keiʃən] n.例证, 范例exhaust [i g’zɔ:st] v.用尽, 耗尽, 精疲力尽exhibition [,eksi’biʃən] n.表现, 展览会, 展览品exile [‘eksail, ‘egz-] n.放逐, 被放逐者；v.放逐, 流放expand [iks’pænd] v.膨胀, 详述, 扩张expansion [iks’pænʃən] n.扩充, 膨胀, 扩张物expansive [iks’pænsiv] adj.易膨胀的, 易扩张的, 广阔的expedition [,ekspi’diʃən] n.远征, 探险队, 派遣expel [iks’pel] v.驱逐, 排出, 发射expenditure [iks’penditʃə] n.支出, 花费expense [ɪk’spens] n.费用, 代价, 开支expensive [iks’pensiv] adj.花费的, 昂贵的expire [iks’paiə, eks-] v.终止, 到期explicit [iks’plisit] adj.外在的, 清楚的, 直率的exposition [,ekspə’ziʃən] n.博览会, 说明, 曝露exposure [iks’pəuʒə] n.暴露, 暴光, 揭露exquisite [‘ekskwizit] adj.精致的, 细腻的, 敏锐的extend [iks’tend] v.扩充, 延伸, 伸展extension [iks’tenʃən] n.延长, 扩充, 范围extensive [iks’tensiv] adj.广大的, 广阔的, 广泛的extent [iks’tent] n. 范围, 程度extinct [iks’tiŋkt] adj.熄灭的, 灭绝的, 耗尽的extinguish [iks’tiŋgwiʃ] v.熄灭, 消灭, 压制extra [‘ekstrə] adj.额外的；adv.特别地；extract [iks’trækt] n. 摘录；v.拔出, 榨取extravagant [iks’trævəgənt] adj.奢侈的, 浪费的, 过分的extremely [iks’tri:mli] adv.极端地, 非常地fabricate [‘fæbrikeit] v.制作, 构成, 捏造, 伪造facilitate [fə’siliteit] v.容易, 增长faith [feiθ] n.信念, 信仰, 忠实fame [feim] n.名声, 名望fantastic [fæn’tæstik] adj.幻想的, 奇异的, 稀奇古怪的fascinate [‘fæsineit] v.着迷, 神魂颠倒favor [‘feivə] n.好感,厚爱favorite [‘feivərit] n.特别喜欢的人(或物)；adj.喜爱的, 中意的feast [fi:st] n.节日, 盛宴, 筵席feature [‘fi:tʃə] n.特征, 容貌, 特色feeble [‘fi:bl] adj.虚弱的, 微弱的ferocious [fə’rəuʃəs] adj.凶猛的，凶恶的fill [fil] v.装满, 注满, 盛满finite [‘fainait] adj.有限的, 有穷的, 限定的fixed [fikst] adj.固定的, 确定的flap [flæp] n.& v. 拍打, 拍动flare [fle（美ɛ）ə] v. 闪耀，闪亮flat [flæt] adj.平坦的, 扁平的, 单调的flatter [‘flætə] v.过分夸赞, 奉承, 阿谀flaw [flɔ:] n.缺点, 裂纹, 瑕疵fling [fliŋ] v.猛投, 抛, 掷flourish [‘flʌriʃ] v.兴盛，繁荣，蓬勃发展flow [fləu] v.流动, 涌流, 川流不息fluctuate [‘flʌktjueit] v.变动, 波动, 涨落fluent [‘flu(:)ənt] adj.流利的, 流畅的flush [flʌʃ] v.(脸)发红, 奔涌,奔流flutter [‘flʌtə] v.鼓翼, 飘动, 悸动forceful [‘fɔ:sful] adj.有力的, 有说服力的foresee [fɔ:’si:] v.预见, 预知format [‘fɔ:mæt, -mɑ:t] n. 形式, 格式；v.格式化forum [‘fɔ:rəm] n. 论坛, 法庭, 讨论会foster [‘fɔstə] v.养育, 抚育, 培养fracture [‘fræktʃə] n.破裂, 骨折；v.破碎, 破裂fragile [‘frædʒail] adj.易碎的, 脆的fresh [freʃ] adj.新鲜的, 无经验的, 生的frustrate [frʌs’treit] v.挫败, 阻挠, 感到灰心fuel [fjuəl] n.燃料 v.添加燃料，助长fulfill [ful’fil] v.履行, 实现, 完成fully [‘fuli] adv.充分地, 完全地fundamentally [fʌndə’mentəlɪ] adv.基础地, 根本地furious [‘fjuəriəs] adj.狂怒的, 狂______暴的furnish [‘fə:niʃ] v.供应, 装备, 布置fuss [fʌs] n.忙乱, 吹捧；v.忙乱gain [gein] n.& v.增加, 增进, 获得gap [gæp] n.裂口, 差距, 隔阂gasp [gɑ:sp] v.喘息, 气喘gather [‘gæðə] v.集合, 聚集generalize [‘dʒenərəlaiz] v.归纳, 概括, 推广generate [‘dʒenə,reit] v.产生, 发生generous [‘dʒenərəs] adj.慷慨的, 大方的, 有雅量的genetic [‘dʒenə,tik] adj. 遗传的，起源的genuine [‘dʒenjuin] adj.真实的, 真正的, 诚恳的gigantic [dʒai’gæntik] adj.巨人般的, 巨大的glare [gle（美ɛ）ə] n.& v. 瞪眼gleam [gli:m] n.微光；v.闪烁, 发微光glide [glaid] n.滑行；v.滑动，消逝glimpse [glimps] n.一瞥, 一看；v.瞥见glitter [‘g litə] n.闪光；v.闪闪发光gloomy [‘g lu:mi] adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的gorgeous [‘gɔ:dʒəs] adj.华丽的, 灿烂的gossip [‘gɔsip] n.闲话, 闲谈grab [græb] v.抢夺, 攫取, 夺取gracious [‘g reiʃəs] adj.亲切的, 高尚的gradually [' grædʒʊəli] adv.逐渐地grant [grɑ:nt] v.同意, 准予grasp [grɑ:sp] n.& v. 抓住, 抓紧, 掌握graze [greiz] v.放牧, 吃草grease [gri:s] n.油脂，脂肪grief [gri:f] n.悲痛, 不幸, 忧伤grieve [gri:v] v.悲痛, 伤心, 忧伤grin [grin] n.& v.露齿笑groan [grəun] n.& v. 呻吟, 叹息grope [grəup] n.& v.摸索growth [grəuθ] n.生长, 栽培, 发育guarantee [,gærən’ti:] n.保证, 保证书guide [gaɪd] n.导游者, 指南；v.指导, 任向导guilty [‘g ilti] adj.犯罪的, 有罪的, 心虚的hamper [‘hæmpə] v.妨碍, 牵制handicap [‘hændikæp] n.& v.障碍, 阻碍harsh [hɑ:ʃ] adj.粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的hasty [‘heisti] adj.匆忙的, 草率的haul [hɔ:l] v.拖运, 拉haunt [hɔ:nt] v.出没，萦绕heal [hi:l] v.治愈, 医治, 结束heavily [‘hevili] adv.很重地, 沉重地heighten [‘haitn] v.提高, 升高heir [e（美ɛ）ə] n.继承人, 后嗣herald [‘herəld] v.预告，作先锋heritage [‘heritidʒ] n.遗产, 继承权, 传统hierarchy [‘haiərɑ:ki] n.层次,层级hinder [‘hində] v.阻碍, 打扰；adj.后面的historic [his’tɔrik] adj.历史上著名的, 有历史性的hollow [‘hɔləu] adj.空的,空洞的homogeneous [,hɔməu’dʒi:njəs] adj.同类的, 相似的, 均匀的hospitality [,hɔspi’tæliti] n.好客, 盛情hostage [‘hɔstidʒ] n.人质, 抵押品hostile [‘hɔstail] adj.敌对的，有敌意的hover [‘hɔvə] v.盘旋humanity [hju(:)’mæniti] n.人性, 人类, 博爱humidity [hju:’miditi] n.湿气, 潮湿, 湿度hurl [hə:l] v.猛投, 猛掷hurt [hə:t] n.& v.刺痛, 伤害, 伤痛hypothesis [hai’pɔθisis] n.假设hysterical [his’terikəl] adj.歇斯底里的, 异常兴奋的identification [ai,dentifi’keiʃən] n.辨认, 鉴定, 证明identity [ai’dentiti] n.身份, 一致, 特性ideology [,aidi’ɔlədʒi, id-] n.意识形态idleness [‘aidlnis] n.闲散, 懒惰, 赋闲无事ignite [i g’nait] v.点火, 点燃ignorance [‘ignərəns] n.无知, 不知ignore [i g’nɔ:] v.不理睬, 忽视illuminate [i’lju:mineit] v.照明, 照亮, 阐明illusion [i’lu:ʒən, i’lju:-] n.幻想imaginative [i’mædʒinətiv] adj.想象的, 虚构的imitation [imi’teiʃən] n.模仿, 冒充, 赝品immense [i’mens] adj.巨大的immerse [i’mə:s] v.沉浸, 使陷入imminent [‘iminənt] adj.迫近的，即将发生的immune [i’mju:n] adj.免疫的impact [‘impækt] n.& v.碰撞, 冲击，影响impart [im’pɑ:t] v.给予, 传授, 告知imperative [im’perətiv] adj.命令的, 强制的, 紧急的implement [‘implimənt] n.工具, 器具；v.贯彻, 执行implicit [im’plisit] adj.暗示的, 盲从的, 固有的, 绝对的imply [im’plai] vt.暗示, 意味impose [im’pəuz] v.征税, 强加impress [im’pres] v. 盖印, 留下印象impression [im’preʃən] n.印象, 感想, 压痕impulse [‘impʌls] n.推动, 刺激, 冲动inability [inə’biliti] n.无能, 无力inaugural [i’nɔ:gjurəl] adj.就职的 n.就职演说incapable [in’keipəbl] adj.无能力的, 不能的incentive [in’sentiv] n.动机；adj.激励的incident [‘insidənt] n.事件, 事变；adj.附带的, 易于发生的incidentally [ɪnsɪ’dentəlɪ] adv.附带地, 顺便提及incline [in’klain] n.倾斜, 斜坡；v.倾向, 倾斜include [in’ klu:d] v.包括, 包含inclusive [in’klu:siv] adj.包含的, 包括的incredible [in’kredəbl] adj.难以置信的indefinite [in’definit] adj.模糊的, 不确定的, 不定的indicative [in’dikətiv] adj.指示的, 预示的, 可表示的indifferently [in’difərəntlɪ] adv.冷淡地, 不关心地indignant [in’dignənt] adj.愤怒的, 愤慨的indispensable [,indis’pensəbl] adj.不可缺少的, 绝对必要的individual [,indi’vidjuəl] n.个人, 个体；adj.个别的, 单独的induce [in’dju:s] v.劝诱, 促使, 导致, 引起indulge [in’dʌldʒ] v.纵容inevitably [in’evitəblɪ] adv.不可避免infectious [in’fekʃəs] adj.有传染性的, 易传染的, 有感染力的inference [‘infərəns] n.推论infinite [‘infinit] adj.无穷的, 无限的, 极大的inflict [in’flikt] v.造成inform [in’fɔ:m] v. 通知, 告诉, 告知ingenious [in’dʒi:njəs] adj.机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的ingredient [in’g ri:diənt] n.成分, 因素inhabit [in’hæbit] v.居住, 存在inhabitant [in’hæbitənt] n.居民, 居住者inhibit [in’hibit] v.抑制, 约束initiate [i’niʃieit] v.开始, 发动initiative [i’niʃiətiv] n.主动inject [in’dʒekt] v.注射, 注入injure [‘indʒə] v.损害, 伤害innovation [,inəu’veiʃən] n.改革, 创新innumerable [i’nju:mərəbl] adj.无数的, 数不清的inquire [in’kwaiə] v.询问, 问明, 查究insane [in’sein] adj.患精神病的, 精神病患者的insensible [in’sensəbl] adj.无知觉的, 无同情心的, 硬心肠的insert [in’sə:t] v.插入, 嵌入insight [‘insait] n.洞察力, 见识insignificant [,insi g’nifikənt] adj.无关紧要的, 无意义的inspiration [,inspə’reiʃən] n.灵感installment [in’stɔ:lmənt] n.部分instant [‘instənt] adj.立即的, 直接的, 方便的instantaneous [,instən’teinjəs] adj.瞬间的, 即刻的, 即时的intact [in’tækt] adj.完好如初的intact [in’tækt] adj.完整无缺的, 尚未被人碰过的integrate [‘intigreit] v.使成整体,一体化,合integrity [in’tegriti] n.正直, 完整, 完整性intelligible [in’telidʒəbl] adj.可理解的intensify [in’tensifai] v.加强，强化intensive [in’tensiv] adj.强烈的, 精深的, 透彻的intent [in’tent] adj.专心的, 决心的, 热心的intention [in’tenʃən] n.意图, 目的interfere [,intə’fiə] v.干涉, 妨碍, 打扰interval [‘intəvəl] n.间隔, 距离intervene [,intə’vi:n] v.干涉, 干预, 插入, 介入interview [‘intəvju:] n.& v.接见, 会见intimidate [in’timideit] v.胁迫intricate [‘intrikit] adj.复杂的, 错综的, 难以理解的intrigue [in’tri:g] n.阴谋, 诡计；v.密谋, 激起兴趣intrinsic [in’trinsik] adj.固有的, 内在的, 本质的intuition [,intju(:)’iʃən] n.直觉, 直觉的知识invade [in’veid] v.侵略invaluable [in’væljuəbl] adj.无价的, 价值无法衡量的invariably [ɪn’veərɪəb(ə)lɪ] adv.不变地, 总是invert [in’və:t] v.颠倒, 转化involve [in’vɔlv] v.包括, 潜心, 陷于irrespective [,iris’pektiv] adj.不顾的, 不考虑的, 无关的irritate [‘iriteit] v.激怒, 急躁isolate [‘aisəleit] v.隔离, 孤立, 绝缘issue [‘isju:] n. 发行,问题；v.发行journalist [‘dʒə:nəlist] n.新闻记者, 从事新闻杂志业的人judge [dʒʌdʒ] n.法官, 裁判员；v.审理, 鉴定, 判断junction [‘dʒʌŋkʃən] n.连接, 接合, 交叉点justification [dʒʌstɪfɪ’keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 理由, 辩护, 释罪label [‘leibl] n.标签, 签条；v.贴标签于, 分类lack [læk] n.& v.缺乏, 没有lame [leim] adj.跛足的, 僵痛的lasting [‘lɑ:stiŋ] adj.持久的, 永久的latent [‘leitənt] adj.潜在的, 潜伏的, 隐藏的latitude [‘lætitju:d] n.纬度, 范围latter [‘lætə] adj.后面的, 后者的, 较后的laziness [‘leizinis] n.怠惰, 无精打采lead [li:d] n.& v.领导, 引导，领先leaflet [‘li:flit] n.小叶, 传单leak [li:k] n.& v. 漏出, 泄漏legend [‘ledʒənd] n.传说, 图例legislation [,ledʒis’leiʃən] n.立法, 法律的制定length [l eŋθ] n.长度, 长,liability [,laiə’biliti] n.责任, 义务, 倾向liable [‘laiəbl] adj.有责任的, 有义务的, 有...倾向的liberal [‘libərəl] adj.慷慨的, 宽大的light [lait]n.光（线），灯；v.点燃, 照亮；adj.轻的, 发光的likely [‘laikli] adj.很可能的, 合适的liking [‘laikiŋ] n.爱好, 嗜好limp [limp] v.跛行linger [‘liŋgə] v.逗留, 闲荡, 拖延literacy [‘litərəsi] n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力literal [‘litərəl] adj.文字的, 照字面上的litter [‘litə] n.垃圾，废物；v.乱丢lively [‘laivli] adj.活泼的, 活跃的, 真实的living [‘liviŋ] n.生活, 生计；adj.活的lodger [‘lɒ（美ɑ）dʒə(r)] n.寄宿者, 投宿者lofty [‘lɔ(:)fti] adj.高高的, 崇高的, 高傲的lonely [‘ləunli] adj.孤独的, 寂寞的, 偏僻的longitude [‘lɔndʒitju:d] n.经度, 经线lubricate [‘lu:brikeit] v.润滑,加润滑油luminous [‘lju:minəs] adj.发光的, 明亮的magnify [‘mæg nifai] v.放大, 扩大, 赞美magnitude [‘mæg nitju:d] n.大小, 数量, 巨大maintain [men’tein] v.维持, 维修, 主张manifest [‘mænifest] v.出现, 表明, 证明manipulate [mə’nipjuleit] v.操作, 操纵, 利用manually [‘mænjʊəlɪ] adv.用手manuscript [‘mænjuskript] n.手稿, 原稿mark [mɑ:k] n. 分数, 记号；v.做标记, 打分数massive [‘mæsiv] adj.厚重的, 大块的mechanism [‘mekənizəm] n.机械装置, 机构, 机制media [‘mi:djə] n.媒体mediate [‘mi:diit] v.仲裁, 调停menace [‘menəs] n.& v. 威胁, 恐吓merge [mə:dʒ] v.合并, 并入mess [mes] n.混乱, 脏乱metropolitan [metrə’pɒ（美ɑ）lɪt(ə)n] n.大城市；adj.首都的, 主要都市的migrate [mai’g reit] v.移往, 迁徙mild [maild] adj.温和的, 温柔的, 轻微的。

to abandon an actionaccording to lawarbitrationarbitration clauseassessment of damageassignmentattorney - proxy holderto authenticateto award a contractbankruptcybankruptcy petitionto be in forcebilateral agreementbindingbreach of contractto break an agreementto break the lawcancellation datecertificateto certifyto cheat - to swindlecodeto come into forceto come to termscompetent courtconflict of interestscontracting partycopyrightdeclarantto declare null and voidto decline any responsibilitydeed of giftdefendant - accusedto defraudto dishonour （GB） - to dishonor （US）disputeto draw up a contracteffective dateto endorse - to backto enforce a lawexclusion clause - exemption clausefair rentto file documentsfinefirst mortgagefixed term contractfraud - swindlegentlemen's agreementto give due noticeguarantee depositlease contractlegal action - lawsuitlegal adviserlegal assistancelegal charges - legal feeslegal departmentlegal domicilelegal proceedings - legal action legal representativelessee - tenantletter of intentsliability in contractlicenseelien creditorlimitation periodmagistrate - judgeto mortgagenotary publicnoticeto notifyomissionpartial agreementto patentpatentpatent holderpatent officepatent pendingper procurationem - by proxy power of attorney - proxy prescriptionprincipalprocedureprotestproxypublic officerto put on record - to take minutes quittance - aquittanceto refund - to pay backto register a trademarkregisteredregistration charges - registration fees rent - lease - hireresolutionresponsibility - liabilityrevenue stampto revokerights on industrial patentroyaltiesrule - regulationsecond mortgagepatent officepatent pendingper procurationem - by proxypower of attorney - proxyprescriptionprincipalprocedureprotestproxypublic officerto put on record - to take minutes quittance - aquittanceto refund - to pay backto register a trademarkregisteredregistration charges - registration fees rent - lease - hireresolutionresponsibility - liabilityrevenue stampto revokerights on industrial patentroyaltiesrule - regulationsecond mortgage。

常用词汇及短语：社会的发展 social development/evolvement生活水平的提高 improvement of life standard社会地位 social status/standing科技进展 technological advancement当今社会 present-day society目前的…的趋势 the current trend of …吸引来自…的注意力 draw/get attention from …智力 intelligence品德 morality高等教育 higher education大学学位 university degree大学文凭 university diploma阻碍智力的发展 impede one’s intellectual development…在…中起重要作用… play(s) an important role in ……对于…有积极/消极影响… have a positive/negative effect on …就…而言in terms of …导致 lead to/result i n …促进 contribute to …制定目标 set a goal实现梦想 achieve/realize your dream/goal/objective梦想着… dream about … dream about doing …千载难逢的机会 once-in-a—lifetime opportunity克服对…造成的障碍 overcome the obstacles to …在极端情况下 in extreme cases以…的结局收场 end up with …责任感 sense of responsibility成就感 sense of achievement幽默感 sense of humor存在 exist（动词) existence(名词）解决这个问题 solve this problem一个解决问题的高手 an excellent problem—solver致力于做… aim to …做某事的能力the ability to do …做某事的欲望the desire to do …做某事的愿望the wish to do …做某事的冲动the urge to do …开始认识到（强调以前没意识到) come to realize …意识到 be aware of …对…有更好的了解have a better understanding of …开阔我们的眼界 broaden our scope of mind作出一切可能的努力 make every effort possible取得很大进步 make great progress持续前进 keep moving forward放弃学习 give up lea rning …坚持目标 stick to one’s goal成功做成某事succeed in doing …做某事有很大困难have great difficulty in doing …消费观念 notions of consumption购买力 purchase power改变现状 change the status quo满足… be content with …抵制…的诱惑 resist the temptation to …对…保持消息畅通 keep/stay informed of …交通阻塞 traffic congestion交通工具 means/mode of transport解释…的原因 account for …占有…的比例 account for + 百分比就…而言 in terms of …趋向于tend to …（弱势群体）易受…的伤害… be vulnerable to …似乎是it seems that … (用来表达自己不太确定的观点或委婉表达自己的观点）同意，赞成… in favor of …沉浸于…中 indulge/immerse oneself into …保持学习与娱乐的平衡 strike a balance between study and entertainment 对… 有益 be good for … be beneficial to …对… 有害be harmful to … do harm to … be bad for …促进社会发展 promote social development改善人民社会水平raise/improve people’s life stan dard因特网 the Internet （字母i大写）社交网络 social networking虚拟的空间 virtual space/cyber world充满虚伪和欺诈 filled with deceptions and cheating分享照片share pictures with …关注某人follow …摆脱get rid of …/get away from …恶性循环 vicious cycle西方 the West东方 the East有影响力的 influential对…上瘾 be addicted to从本质上来讲 by nature跟上…的节奏keep pace with …对…的态度attitude toward/to …对…持肯定的态度hold a positive attitude toward/to …不可否认 undoubtedly/doubtless思维方式 way of thinking生活方式 way of life/living电子设备 digital device热衷于做… be passionate/crazy about doing …be obsessed with …犯罪率 criminal rate从这个角度来看 from this perspective从这个意义上来说 in this sense积极的认识态度 optimistic attitude to life沟通技能 communicative skills满足人们对…的需求 meet people’s need/demand for …（demand指的是“硬性、强烈的需求")对…造成危害 cause damage to …中枪 under criticism对…负责 take responsibility for …将…纳入考虑范围中 take … into account/consideration对…感到腻了 be fed up with …寻找，搜寻 in search of以…为骄傲 take pride in …转折点 turning point在…的边缘 on the brink of …法制 rule of law跨国企业 multinational corporation创业精神 entrepreneurism错误的观念/想法 misconception/myth一系列的 a wide range of少之又少的 few and far between失业率 unemployment rate对…乐观 be optimistic about1. When it comes to urbanization/abortion …， most people hold the view that …（谈到某话题的时候，大多数人认为。

雅思英语词汇法律类雅思英语必备词汇法律类为了帮助大家更好地准备雅思英语考试，以下是店铺为大家整理的雅思英语必备词汇法律类，欢迎阅读!雅思英语词汇法律类11、riminal n.罪犯 adj.刑事上的，犯罪的2、victim n.受害者3、witness n.目击证人 v.作证，目睹4、witness box 证人席5、arrest n.逮捕，检举，阻止 v.拘捕6、courtroom 法庭7、judge 法官8、bench 工作台9、gavel槌子10、bailiff 执行官员11、jury 陪审团12、jury box 陪审席13、defendant 被告14、transcript n.副本，记录15、prosecrtion attorney 主控律师16、defence attorney 辩方律师17、fingerprints 手指模18、penalty n.罚款，惩罚，天谴，报应19、tough penalties 很高的罚款20、punishment n.惩罚21、sentence n.宣判 v.宣判，判决22、prison n.监狱 v.囚禁，羁押23、drug trafficker 犯毒的人24、uneducated adj.文盲的25、replica n.复制品，一样的东西26、qualified adj.有资格的，胜任的，合适的，可采纳的27、weapon n.武器，兵器28、imprisonment n.入狱，监禁，拘留29、convict adj.宣判有罪的. n.罪犯 v.宣判有罪30、illegal adj.非法的，犯法的31、handcuff n.手铐 v.上手铐32、baton n.警棍，指挥棒33、walkie-talkie 对讲机34、a fine –punishment money n.罚金 v.罚 adj.好的35、behaviour n.品行，举止，仪态36、an immense bearing 极大的忍耐37、feasible adj. 可实行的，合理的38、CRIMINAL(n.)-person DO CRIME(n.)-action39、A robber 盗贼，强盗 commits v.犯罪 robbery 盗窃(罪)40、A murderer 杀人者41、murder 谋杀(罪)42、A burglar 夜贼43、burglary 夜盗(罪)44、A thief 小偷45、theft 偷窃(罪)雅思英语词汇法律类2一、Police Officer警员二、Police Sergeant警官三、Assistant Attorney General首席检察官助理四、Contracts Manager合同管理员五、Security Manager保安经理六、Legal Assistant法律助理七、Legal Secretary法律秘书八、Attorney律师九、Fire Fighter消防员十、Law Clerk法律职员雅思英语词汇法律类3一、source of law法律渊源二、statute制定法三、case law; precedent判例法四、common law普通法五、special law特别法六、native law; indigenous law固有法七、adopted law继受法八、substantial law实体法九、procedural law程序法十、fundamental law原则法十一、exception law例外法十二、customary law习惯法十三、public order and moral公序良俗十四、natural law自然法十五、Roman Law罗马法十六、public law公法十七、fundamental principles of civil law民法基本原则十八、principle of equality平等原则十九、principle of free will自愿原则二十、principle of justice公平原则。

section 「sekfn/actually／每ktfualr/specie 「spi:Ji:/involve/m'volv/range/rernd3/site/sa1t/effectfI'fekt/particular/pa(r)· 杠kjula(r)/Word List 1n.部分；章节；小集团V.划分；切开adv. 实际上n.硬币vt. 需要；包含n.范围；山脉V.排列；延伸n.地点位置vt. 使．．．位千n.影响；效果vt. 使产生；引起adj. 特定的；个别的n.详渭；细节雅思必备2000核心词雅思必备2000核心词detail 「di:te1I/rate/re1t/factor/'fcekta(r)/resource/n:'so:s/researcher ／门s3:tfa(r)/affect/a'fekt/management 「m�md3ment/employee/rm'pbri:/staff/sta :f/ n.细节vt. 详细列举；详细说明n.比率；速度V.认为；估价n. 因素；因数vt. 把．．．因素包括进去n.资源n.研究人员vt. 影响；感动n.管理；手腕n.雇员n.(全体）职员；拐杖vt. 配备员工更多资料，请加微信2351921430． economicI, e ka·n:::>m1k/accord/a'k:::>:d/environmental /m·varnranmantl/source/so:s/certainly「s3:tnlr/facility/fa·srlatr/finally/'famelr/theory 「ernn:/feature/'fi:t伶(r)/雅思必备2000核心词adj. 经济的；有利可图的n.协议vi.与．．．一致adj. 环境的；有关环境的n.来源；发源地adv. 当然；一定n.设备；才能adv. 最后；决定性地n.学说理论；意见n. 特色特点容貌vt. 以．．．为特色雅思必备2000核心词grind/grarnd/ region/'ri:d3en/ tend/tend/．community/ka'mju:nat订strategy 「strcetad劝tourism /'tuerrzem/current 「kArent/survey/s.a·ver./geneticId双netik/vt. 磨vi.磨碎；挤压n.地区；范围vi.趋向；易千vt. 照料；照管n.社区；团体n.策略；战略n.旅游业；观光adj. 现在的；流通的n.趋势；（水、气、电）流n.问卷概观；测温vt. 审视；研究；测温adj. 遗传的；基因的structure 「strAktJa(r)/exactly/rg·zcektlr/performance /pe'f:::>:mens/unite/ju·na1t/signIsam/goal/gaul/growth/greu8/identify/a1'den杠far.Iestablish凡stcebl1J/雅思必备2000核心词n.结构构造；建筑物；体系vt. 构造建造；组织adv. 精确地；确切地；恰恰n. 表演；性能；表现行为V.联合；统一团结n.手势；招牌；迹象n.目标；得分n.生长；增加vt. 鉴定出确定确立；把．．．．看成一样vt. 建立；确立雅思必备2000核心词improvement /1m·pru :vmant/issue／订u:/．vanetyIva'raretr/contact 「kontcekt/image/'1m1d3/access／，安kses/ throughout /0ru: ·aut/ librarian/lai·brean:an/originalla'n:d3enl/ n.改进改善；进步n.议题；发行V. 发表；流出n.种类；多样（化）n. 接触；联系vt. (与）联系；（与）接触n.图象；形象n.入口；通道；机会权利V.存取adv. 自始至终；到处；整个期间prep. 遍及；贯穿n.图书管理员adj. 原始的；独创的n.原版；与众不同的人扣戎正勺relate/门lert/significant /srg'nrfrkant/Britain 「bn:tn/decade 「deke1d/generally /'屯enral1/o pp o rt u n it y 心pa'tju:natI/rainforest /'remf::>r:r st/scale/ske1I/technique /tek'ni:k/ vt. 叙述使有联系adj. 重要的；显著的n.英国；不列颠n.十年adv. 一般地；普遍地n.机会；时机n.雨林n.刻度；鳞片；规模vt. 禁登；刮鳞n. 技术；技巧；方法雅思必备2000核心词雅思必备2000核心词characteristic /. k王rakta·n:stik/figure/'仕ge(r)/occurla'k3:(r)/．sess10n 「seJn/towards/ta'w::l:dz/British 「brrtrJ/clearly 「kliel1/complex 「k:::>mpleks/easily/'i:z出I adj. 典型的；特有的n. 特点；特性n.图形；数字V.出现；估计vi.发生；想到n.会议；学期；一段时间prep. 向朝；关于adj. 英国的；英国人的n. 英国人adv. 清楚地；显然地adj. 复杂的；合成的n. 综合体；综合症状adv. 容易地杆笠心丑。

雅思高频核心词汇一、自然与环境类1. environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ 环境2. pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ 污染3. protect /prəˈtekt/ 保护4. conserve /kənˈsɜːv/ 保存；保护5. natural /ˈnætʃrəl/ 自然的6. resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ 资源7. renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ 可再生的8. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ 可持续的9. ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/ 生态学10. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ 生态系统11. wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ 野生动植物12. forest /ˈfɒrɪst/ 森林13. deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ 森林砍伐14. desert /ˈdezət/ 沙漠15. drought /draʊt/ 干旱16. flood /flʌd/ 洪水17. hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ 飓风18. tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ 海啸19. global warming /ˈɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ 全球变暖20. greenhouse effect /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɪˈfekt/ 温室效应二、教育类1. education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ 教育2. school /skuːl/ 学校3. university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 大学4. college /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/ 学院5. student /ˈstjuːdnt/ 学生6. teacher /ˈtiːtʃə(r)/ 教师7. professor /prəˈfesə(r)/ 教授8. course /kɔːs/ 课程9. subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ 学科10. major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ 专业11. degree /dɪˈɡriː/ 学位12. diploma /dɪˈpləʊmə/ 文凭13. tuition /tjuˈɪʃn/ 学费14. scholarship /ˈskɒləʃɪp/ 奖学金15. study /ˈstʌdi/ 学习16. learn /lɜːn/ 学习17. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ 知识18. skill /skɪl/ 技能19. ability /əˈbɪləti/ 能力20. creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ 创造力三、科技类1. technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ 技术2. computer /kəmˈpjuːtə(r)/ 电脑3. internet /ˈɪntənet/ 互联网4. software /ˈsɒftweə(r)/ 软件5. hardware /ˈhɑːdweə(r)/ 硬件6. mobile phone /ˈməʊbaɪl fəʊn/ 手机7. digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ 数字的8. electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ 电子的9. innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ 创新10. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ 发明11. satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ 卫星12. robot /ˈrəʊbɒt/ 机器人13. artificial intelligence /ˌɑːtɪfɪʃl ˌɪntəˈlɪdʒəns/ 人工智能14. biotechnology /ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ 生物技术15. nanotechnology /ˌnænəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ 纳米技术16. communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ 交流；通讯17. information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ 信息18. data /ˈdeɪtə/ 数据19. network /ˈnetwɜːk/ 网络20. online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ 在线的四、社会与文化类1. society /səˈsaɪəti/ 社会2. culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ 文化3. tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/ 传统4. custom /ˈkʌstəm/ 习俗5. festival /ˈfestəvl/ 节日6. celebration /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/ 庆祝活动7. family /ˈfæməli/ 家庭8. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ 社区9. relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ 关系10. friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ 友谊11. love /lʌv/ 爱12. respect /rɪˈspekt/ 尊重13. equality /iˈkwɒləti/ 平等14. diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ 多样性15. tolerance /ˈtɒlərəns/ 宽容16. cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ 合作17. communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ 交流18. language /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ 语言19. art /ɑːt/ 艺术20. music /ˈmjuːzɪk/ 音乐五、经济与商业类1. economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ 经济2. business /ˈbɪznəs/ 商业3. company /ˈkʌmpəni/ 公司4. enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz/ 企业5. industry /ˈɪndəstri/ 工业；行业6. trade /treɪd/ 贸易7. commerce /ˈkɒmɜːs/ 商业；贸易8. market /ˈmɑːkɪt/ 市场9. consumer /kənˈsjuːmə(r)/ 消费者10. product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ 产品11. service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ 服务12. profit /ˈprɒfɪt/ 利润13. loss /lɒs/ 损失14. investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ 投资15. finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ 金融；财政16. currency /ˈkʌrənsi/ 货币17. inflation /ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ 通货膨胀18. recession /rɪˈseʃn/ 经济衰退19. employment /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ 就业20. unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ 失业六、健康与生活类1. health /helθ/ 健康2. fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ 健康；适合3. exercise /ˈeksəsaɪz/ 锻炼；运动4. diet /ˈdaɪət/ 饮食5. nutrition /njuˈtrɪʃn/ 营养6. sleep /sliːp/ 睡眠7. stress /stres/ 压力8. relaxation /ˌriːlækˈseɪʃn/ 放松9. hobby /ˈhɒbi/ 爱好10. entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ 娱乐11. sport /spɔːt/ 运动12. game /ɡeɪm/ 游戏13. travel /ˈtrævl/ 旅行14. tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ 旅游业15. destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/ 目的地16. hotel /həʊˈtel/ 酒店17. restaurant /ˈrestrɒnt/ 餐厅18. food /fuːd/ 食物19. drink /drɪŋk/ 饮料20. medicine /ˈmedsn/ 药物七、人物与性格类1. person /ˈpɜːsn/ 人2. character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ 性格；品质3. personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ 个性4. kind /kaɪnd/ 善良的5. friendly /ˈfrendli/ 友好的6. honest /ˈɒnɪst/ 诚实的7. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ 可靠的8. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ 负责的9. confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ 自信的10. brave /breɪv/ 勇敢的11. intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ 聪明的12. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ 有创造力的13. humorous /ˈhjuːmərəs/ 幽默的14. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ 有耐心的15. generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ 慷慨的16. modest /ˈmɒdɪst/ 谦虚的17. diligent /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/ 勤奋的18. active /ˈæktɪv/ 积极的19. passive /ˈpæsɪv/ 消极的20. stubborn /ˈstʌbən/ 固执的八、交通与旅游类1. transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/ 交通2. traffic /ˈtræfɪk/ 交通；流量3. vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ 车辆4. car /kɑː(r)/ 汽车5. bus /bʌs/ 公共汽车6. train /treɪn/ 火车7. plane /pleɪn/ 飞机8. ship /ʃɪp/ 船9. subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ 地铁10. taxi /ˈtæksi/ 出租车11. journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ 旅行；行程12. trip /trɪp/ 旅行13. tour /tʊə(r)/ 旅游；观光14. sightsee /ˈsaɪtsiː/ 观光；游览15. landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/ 地标；里程碑16. attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ 吸引力；景点17. scenic /ˈsiːnɪk/ 风景优美的18. beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/ 美丽的19. fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ 迷人的20. impressive /ɪmˈpresɪv/ 令人印象深刻的九、工作与职业类1. work /wɜːk/ 工作2. job /dʒəʊb/ 工作；职业3. career /kəˈrɪə(r)/ 职业；事业4. profession /prəˈfeʃn/ 职业；专业5. occupation /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn/ 职业；占有6. employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ 员工；雇员7. employer /ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)/ 雇主；老板8. colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ 同事9. coworker /ˈkəʊˌwɜːkə(r)/ 同事；合作者10. boss /bɒs/ 老板；上司11. salary /ˈsæləri/ 薪水；工资12. wage /weɪdʒ/ 工资；报酬13. promotion /prəˈməʊʃn/ 晋升；促销14. transfer /ˈtrænsfɜː(r)/ 调动；转移15. resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ 辞职16. retire /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/ 退休17. skill /skɪl/ 技能；技巧18. experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ 经验；经历19. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ 资格；条件20. certificate /səˈtɪfɪkət/ 证书；执照十、其他类1. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ 重要的2. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ 必要的3. useful /ˈjuːsfl/ 有用的4. helpful /ˈhelpfl/ 有帮助的5. difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ 困难的6. easy /ˈiːzi/ 容易的7. interesting /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ 有趣的8. boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ 无聊的9. beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/ 美丽的10. ugly /ˈʌɡli/ 丑陋的11. big /bɪɡ/ 大的12. small /smɔːl/ 小的13. tall /tɔːl/ 高的14. short /ʃɔːt/ 矮的15. fast /fɑːst/ 快的16. slow /sləʊ/ 慢的17. new /njuː/ 新的18. old /əʊld/ 旧的19. good /ɡʊd/ 好的20. bad /bæd/ 坏的。

政府类一、定语从句（任意挑两个翻译）1. International aid agencies helping the victims of the devastating cyclone in Burma are losing as much as a fifth of the money that t hey bring into the country because of arbitrary foreign exchange rules imposed by military dictatorship.2. This is a significant boost to the billions already spent by government and the energy companies and means we can now get this vital extra support to the people who really need it in time for the coldest months this winter.3. The Business and Enterprise Committee is due to publish the conclusions of its report on Monday and many in the industry fear that it will call for a Competition Commission inquiry into the sector, which is already under scrutiny from Ofgem in a separate investigation.4. Under the measures, which will be implemented by the end of the year, teenage foreign brides and bridegrooms will be barred from entering Britain on marriage visas. The minimum age at which British citizens can sponsor a foreigner to enter the countryas a spouse is to rise from 18 to 21, as is the minimum age at which a bride or groom can themselves enter on a marriage visa.5. Parents whose children download music and films illegally will be blacklisted and have their Internet access curbed under government reforms to fight online piracy.6. The Anglo-French group, whose shares fell 10 per cent yesterday, believe the strategy is the only way to encourage passengers to make more journeys through the under-used tunnel, which faces a cash crunch in 2006 when government subsidies run out at the same time that the debt repayments ratchet up.7. The evidence suggests that this is exactly what is now happening. Americans are driving less and buying more fuel-efficient cars. Demand growth is slowing in Europe and should even start to moderate in China and India, where government-controlled petrol prices have been raised.8. It was Harold Wilson’s ambition to make Labor the natural party of government. Under the leadership of Tony Blair, this ambition came close to becoming a reality. There was a good reason why it did so.二、核心词汇Public servicesGovernment borrowingResourcesRegulationLegislatorFinanceCriterionProvinceState Development Planning CommissionMinistry of ConstructionThe problem of employmentThe strategy of invigorating China through the development of science and educationScientific verificationExpand/increase domestic demand and stimulate consumptionHealth care reformOverall national strengthWelfareValueDrop out of schoolReeducationOffenderTourUnder-developed regionNatural reserveFree medical careInfrastructureGuaranteeTaxImmigrationLegalizationLaw-enforcing departmentAdvocateAdministrationSupervisionAutonomous regionMinistry of EducationLow-cost housingFundScientific and technological progress The strategy of sustainable development Stimulate economic growthAdvance with the timesTuition feeCommunity serviceCultural heritageEco-tourismMedical systemRe-employment of laid-off workers Well-beingUrban residentsReal estatePovertyBudgetAuthorityImplementSuperviseState-ownedMilitaryObligationInfrastructureInvestmentPrioritizeTax revenueEnact lawWelfare systemBasic human needspublic servicePublic transportationAffordable houseHealth care serviceImpose censorship onNon-profit organizationFinancial aidCombat corruptionBridge the gap between the rich and the poorCreate job opportunitiesImprove the quality of serviceEnsure social equality三、万能思路写作观点：政府有最大的责任。

常用词汇及短语：社会的发展social development/evolvement生活水平的提高improvement of life standard社会地位social status/standing科技进展technological advancement当今社会present-day society目前的…的趋势the current trend of …吸引来自…的注意力draw/get attention from …智力intelligence品德morality高等教育higher education大学学位university degree大学文凭university diploma阻碍智力的发展impede one’s intellectual development …在…中起重要作用… play(s) an important role in ……对于…有积极/消极影响… have a positive/negative effect on …就…而言in terms of …导致lead to/result in …促进contribute to …制定目标set a goal实现梦想achieve/realize your dream/goal/objective梦想着… dream about … dream about doing …千载难逢的机会once-in-a-lifetime opportunity克服对…造成的障碍overcome the obstacles to …在极端情况下in extreme cases以…的结局收场end up with …责任感sense of responsibility成就感sense of achievement幽默感sense of humor存在exist(动词) existence(名词)解决这个问题solve this problem一个解决问题的高手an excellent problem-solver致力于做… aim to …做某事的能力the ability to do …做某事的欲望the desire to do …做某事的愿望the wish to do …做某事的冲动the urge to do …开始认识到（强调以前没意识到）come to realize …意识到be aware of …对…有更好的了解have a better understanding of …开阔我们的眼界broaden our scope of mind作出一切可能的努力make every effort possible取得很大进步make great progress持续前进keep moving forward放弃学习give up learning …坚持目标stick to one’s goal成功做成某事succeed in doing …做某事有很大困难have great difficulty in doing …消费观念notions of consumption购买力purchase power改变现状change the status quo满足… be content with …抵制…的诱惑resist the temptation to …对…保持消息畅通keep/stay informed of …交通阻塞traffic congestion交通工具means/mode of transport解释…的原因account for …占有…的比例account for + 百分比就…而言in terms of …趋向于tend to …（弱势群体）易受…的伤害… be vulnerable to …似乎是it seems that … (用来表达自己不太确定的观点或委婉表达自己的观点) 同意，赞成…in favor of …沉浸于…中indulge/immerse oneself into …保持学习与娱乐的平衡strike a balance between study and entertainment对… 有益be good for … be beneficial to …对… 有害be harmful to … do harm to … be bad for …促进社会发展promote social development改善人民社会水平raise/improve people’s life standard因特网the Internet （字母i大写）社交网络social networking虚拟的空间virtual space/cyber world充满虚伪和欺诈filled with deceptions and cheating分享照片share pictures w ith …关注某人follow …摆脱get rid of …/get away from …恶性循环vicious cycle西方the West东方the East有影响力的influential对…上瘾be addicted to从本质上来讲by nature跟上…的节奏keep pace with …对…的态度attitude toward/to …对…持肯定的态度hold a positive attitude toward/to …不可否认undoubtedly/doubtless思维方式way of thinking生活方式way of life/living电子设备digital device热衷于做… be passionate/crazy about doing …be obsessed with …犯罪率criminal rate从这个角度来看from this perspective从这个意义上来说in this sense积极的认识态度optimistic attitude to life沟通技能communicative skills满足人们对…的需求meet people’s need/demand for …（demand指的是“硬性、强烈的需求”）对…造成危害cause damage to …中枪under criticism对…负责take responsibility for …将…纳入考虑范围中take … into account/consideration对…感到腻了be fed up with …寻找，搜寻in search of以…为骄傲take pride in …转折点turning point在…的边缘on the brink of …法制rule of law跨国企业multinational corporation创业精神entrepreneurism错误的观念/想法misconception/myth一系列的a wide range of少之又少的few and far between失业率unemployment rate对…乐观be optimistic about1. When it comes to urbanization/abortion …, most people hold the view that …（谈到某话题的时候，大多数人认为。

雅思核心词汇Abandon v.放弃,遗弃n.放任,狂热abnormal adj.反常的,变态的abolish v.废止,废除(法律、制度、习俗等) abrupt adj.突然的,陡峭的,生硬的absent v.缺席；adj.不在的,缺席的,缺少的absolutely adv.完全地,绝对地absurd adj.荒谬的,可笑的abundance n.丰富,充裕,丰富充裕abuseaccess n.accord n.accountaccurateaccuseacquaintacquireactivateactuallyacuteadapt v.add v.adhere v.adjoin v.adjust v.administer v.管理,给予,执行adolescent n.青少年；adj.青春期的,青春的adopt v.采用，收养adverse adj.不利的,敌对的,相反的advertise v.做广告,登广告advisable adj.可取的,明智的advocate v.提倡,鼓吹aesthetic adj.美学的,审美的affair n.事务,事件affect v.影响,感动affiliate v.(使...)加入,接受为会员affirm v.断言,确认,肯定afflict v.使痛苦,折磨affluent n.富裕的agenda n.议程，行动计划aggravate v.使恶化,加重aggressive adj.好斗的,侵略性的agitation n.激动,兴奋,煽动agony n.苦恼,极大的痛苦alert adj.提防的,警惕的alien n.外侨；adj.外国的,相异的alike adj.相同的,相似的；adv.以同样的方式,类似于alive adj.活着的,活泼的allege v.alleviatealter v.alternateamateuramaze v.amend v.amountampleamplifyamuse v.analogyannuallyantiqueanxietyanxiousappealappendixapplaudapplicable adj.可适用的,可应用的apply v.申请,应用appointment n.约会,指定appraisal n.评价,鉴定appreciable adj.可感知的,可评估的appreciate v.赏识,感激apprehension n.理解,忧惧approach n.&v.接近,通路,靠近appropriate adj.适当的；v.拨款approve v.赞成,批准,通过apt adj.有...倾向的,灵敏的,灵巧的arbitrary adj.武断的,专断的arise vi.出现,发生,起床arouse v.唤醒,唤起arrange v.安排,排列,协商array n.排列,编队articulate adj.发音清晰的，听得懂的artificial adj.人造的,假的ascend v.攀登,上升ascertain v.确定,探知ascribe v.归因于,归咎于assault n.&v.攻击,袭击assert v.asset n.assumeattackattemptattend v.attentionattitudeattractionattributeauthenticauthorizeavail vi.available adj.可用到的,可利用的,通用的avenue n.林荫道,大街,路average n.平均数；adj.平均的avert v.转移，避免avoid vt.避免,消除awkward adj.难使用的,笨拙的badly adv.严重地,恶劣地baffle v.困惑,阻碍,为难bald adj.光秃的,单调的,枯燥的ban v&n.禁止bandage n.绷带bankrupt v.破产bare adj.赤裸的,无遮蔽的barely adv.仅仅,刚刚,几乎不能bargain n.契约,合同；v.议价barrel n.桶，圆筒barren adj.不生育的,不孕的,贫瘠的barrier n.障碍物,栅栏,屏障battery n.电池beam n.梁,横梁,(光线的)束,柱,电波beneficial adj.有益的,有利的benefit n.利益,好处；v.有益于,有助于betraybewilderbias n.bite n.&v.bitterblame n.blank n.blast n.blaze n.bleakbloom n.blossomblunderbluntblush v.bold adj.boom n.boost v.bother v.boundbreed v.bribebrisk adj.bruise n.瘀伤,擦伤brutal adj.残忍的,兽性的budget n.预算；v.做预算,编入预算bump n.撞击,肿块；v.碰(伤),撞(破)burial n.埋葬burst n.&v.爆裂,炸破,爆发campaign n.运动，竞选活动capacity n.容量,才能,能力captive n.俘虏；adj.被俘的,被迷住的car-pool n.多人（同一目的地）乘坐同一辆汽车并分担费用carve v.雕刻,切开case n.事,案例,情形,场合casualty n.伤亡category n.种类cater v.投合，满足(需要)caution n.小心,谨慎,警告cautious adj.谨慎的,小心的cement n.水泥,接合剂ceremony n.典礼,仪式certain adj.确定的,某一个,无疑的；pron.某几个,某些certainty n.确定,确实的事情certify v.证明,保证changechaos n.charge n.charity n.charm n.charter n.chatcheatcherishchroniccircus n.cite v.claim n.clarity n.clash n.classic n.classifyclimax n.cling vi.clutch v.coherent adj.粘在一起的,一致的,连贯的coincide v.一致,符合coincidence n.一致,相合,同时发生或同时存在的事collaboration n.协作,通敌collected adj.收集成的,冷静的,镇定的collide vi.碰撞,抵触combat n.&v.战斗,格斗comedy n.喜剧comfortable adj.舒适的commemorate v.纪念commence v.开始,着手commend v.称赞,表扬,推荐comment n.&v.注释,评论commentary n.注释,解说词commodity n.日用品commonplace n.平凡的事compact n.契约,合同；adj.紧凑的,紧密的comparable adj.可比较的,比得上的comparative adj.比较的,相当的compare v.比较,相比,比喻compass n.指南针compatible adj.谐调的,一致的,兼容的competecompilecompletecomplycompriseconcedeconceiveconcernconciseconfer v.confidentconfidential adj.秘密的,机密的configuration n.构造,配置,外形confirm v.确定,批准,确认，巩固conform v.一致,遵守,符合confront v.使面临,对抗confuse v.搞乱,使糊涂confusion n.混乱,混淆conquer v.征服，克服conscientious adj.尽责的consequent adj.作为结果的,随之发生的consequently adv.从而,因此conservative adj.保守的,守旧的conserve v.保存,保藏consider v.考虑,照顾,认为considerable adj.值得考虑的,相当可观的considerate adj.考虑周到的consistent adj.一致的,调和的,坚固的consistently adv.一贯地，始终如一地consolidate v.巩固conspicuous adj.显着的constantly adv.不变地,经常地,坚持不懈地constrain v.强迫,抑制,拘束consultconsumecontaincontemptcontendcontentcontinualcontrarycontrastcontriveconvergeconvertconvict n.correct v.correlatecorrespondence n.相应,通信,信件corrode v.使腐蚀,侵蚀corrupt v.腐烂；adj.腐败的,贪污的cosmic adj.宇宙的counsel n.讨论,商议,律师counterpart n.副本,极相似的人或物,配对物counting n.计算courage n.勇气,精神course n.过程,课程,一道菜courtesy n.谦恭,允许,礼貌coward n.懦弱的人,胆小的人crash n.&v.碰撞,坠落,坠毁creation n.创造,创作物crime n.犯罪,犯罪行为crisis n.危机,危险期,紧要关头criterion]n.标准,规范crucial adj.至关紧要的crude adj.天然的,未加工的,粗糙的cruise n.&v.巡游,巡航culminate v.达到顶点cultivate v.培养,耕作cumulative adj.累积的curiositycuriouscurrencycurse v.cynicaldamagedazzle v.deadlydebatedecentdecimaldecisiondecisivedeclinedecreasededicatedeem v.deficit n.defy v.degradedelay n.&deliberate adj.深思熟虑的,故意的delicate adj.精巧的,精致的deliver v.递送,陈述,发表demand v.要求,需要demonstrate v.示范，证明，论证denial n.否认,否定,拒绝denote v.指示,表示denounce v.公开指责,公然抨击,谴责dense adj.密集的,浓厚的deny v.否认,拒绝depict v.描述,描写depression n.沮丧,消沉,低气压,低压deprive v.剥夺,使丧失depute v.委托descendant n.子孙,后裔,后代descent n.降下,降落,世系desert n.沙漠；v.放弃,遗弃desire n.愿望；v.想望,期望,要求despise v.轻视destroy v.破坏,毁坏,消灭destructive adj.破坏(性)的detach v.分开,分遣,派遣(军队)devote v.diagnosediagramdiffer v.diffuse v.dignity n.dilemmadiminishdirectiondisablediscerndiscretedisguisedislikedismaydispatchdispersedisposedisputedistance n.远离,一长段时间,远方distinguish v.区别，分辨distort v.扭曲,歪曲distract v.转移disturb v.弄乱,打扰,扰乱diversion n.转移,转换,牵制divert v.转移,转向,使高兴dizzy adj.晕眩的,昏乱的doctrine n.教条,学说document n.文献，文档，档案dominant adj.有统治权的,占优势的,显性的dominate v.支配,占优势donate v.捐赠,赠予doom n.厄运,毁灭,世末日drastic adj.激烈的,猛烈的draw v.曳,牵,画,绘制drawback n.缺点,障碍,退税，弊端dreadful adj.可怕的,讨厌的drop v.滴下,落下,下降drought n.干旱,缺乏dual adj.双的,二重的,双重dubious adj.可疑的,不确定的duplicatedwell v.eccentricecho n.eclipse n.edge n.edibleeditorialeducateeffect n.effectiveefficienteject v.elapse v.elegantelevateelicit v.eligibleeliminateelite n.eloquentembarkembodyemotionempirical adj.完全根据经验的,经验主义的employ v.雇用,使用endow v.捐赠,赋予endurance n.忍耐(力),持久(力) endure v.耐久,忍耐energetic adj.精力充沛的,积极的engagement n.约会,婚约,诺言enhance v.提高,增强enlightened v.启迪；adj.文明enormous adj.巨大的,庞大的enroll v.登记,招收ensure v.保证,担保,确保entertainment n.款待,娱乐,娱乐表演enthusiastic adj.热心的,热情的entitle v.给...权利(或资格),授权epidemic adj.流行的，传染的episode n.一段情节,插曲epoch n.新纪元,时代equal adj.相等的,均等的equivalent adj.相等的,等量的erect v.竖立,树立,建立erupt v.喷出，爆发escortessenceestate n.estheticeternalethnicevent n.evoke v.excess n.exclusiveexhaustexile n.expandexpel v.驱逐,排出,发射expenditure n.支出,花费expense n.费用,代价,开支expensive adj.花费的,昂贵的expire v.终止,到期explicit adj.外在的,清楚的,直率的exposition n.博览会,说明,曝露exposure n.暴露,暴光,揭露exquisite adj.精致的,细腻的,敏锐的extend v.扩充,延伸,伸展extension n.延长,扩充,范围extensive adj.广大的,广阔的,广泛的extent n.范围,程度extinct adj.熄灭的,灭绝的,耗尽的extinguish v.熄灭,消灭,压制extra adj.额外的；adv.特别地；extract n.摘录；v.拔出,榨取extravagant adj.奢侈的,浪费的,过分的extremely adv.极端地,非常地fabricate v.制作,构成,捏造,伪造facilitate v.容易,增长faith n.信念,信仰,忠实fame n.fantasticfascinatefavor n.favoritefeast n.feature n.feebleferociousfill v.装满finite adj.fixed adj.flap n.&v.flare v.flat adj.flatter v.flaw n.fling v.flourishflow v.fluctuatefluentflush v.(flutter v.forcefulforesee v.预见,预知format n.形式,格式；v.格式化forum n.论坛,法庭,讨论会foster v.养育,抚育,培养fracture n.破裂,骨折；v.破碎,破裂fragile adj.易碎的,脆的fresh adj.新鲜的,无经验的,生的frustrate v.挫败,阻挠,感到灰心fuel n.燃料v.添加燃料，助长fulfill v.履行,实现,完成fully adv.充分地,完全地fundamentally adv.基础地,根本地furious adj.狂怒的,狂暴的furnish v.供应,装备,布置fuss n.忙乱,吹捧；v.忙乱gain n.&v.增加,增进,获得gap n.裂口,差距,隔阂gasp v.喘息,气喘gather v.集合,聚集generalize v.归纳,概括,推广generate v.产生,发生generous adj.慷慨的,大方的,有雅量的geneticgenuinegiganticglaregleam n.glide n.glimpseglitter n.gloomygossip n.grab v.graciousgraduallygrant v.graspgraze v.grease n.grief n.grieve v.gringroangropegrowth n.guide n.导游者,指南；v.指导,任向导guilty adj.犯罪的,有罪的,心虚的hamper v.妨碍,牵制handicap n.&v.障碍,阻碍harsh adj.粗糙的,荒芜的,苛刻的hasty adj.匆忙的,草率的haul v.拖运,拉haunt v.出没，萦绕heal v.治愈,医治,结束heavily adv.很重地,沉重地heighten v.提高,升高heir n.继承人,后嗣herald v.预告，作先锋heritage n.遗产,继承权,传统hierarchy n.层次,层级hinder v.阻碍,打扰；adj.后面的historic adj.历史上着名的,有历史性的hollow adj.空的,空洞的homogeneous adj.同类的,相似的,均匀的hospitality n.好客,盛情hostage n.人质,抵押品hostile adj.敌对的，有敌意的hover v.humanityhumidityhurl v.hurtidentityideologyidlenessignite v.ignore v.illusion n.imitationimmenseimmerseimminentimmuneimpactimpart v.implement n.工具,器具；v.贯彻,执行implicita dj.暗示的,盲从的,固有的,绝对的imply vt.暗示,意味impose v.征税,强加impress v.盖印,留下印象impression n.印象,感想,压痕impulse n.推动,刺激,冲动inability n.无能,无力inaugural adj.就职的n.就职演说incapable adj.无能力的,不能的incentive n.动机；adj.激励的incident n.事件,事变；adj.附带的,易于发生的incidentally adv.附带地,顺便提及incline n.倾斜,斜坡；v.倾向,倾斜include v.包括,包含inclusive adj.包含的,包括的incredible adj.难以置信的indefinite adj.模糊的,不确定的,不定的indicative adj.指示的,预示的,可表示的indifferently adv.冷淡地,不关心地indignant adj.愤怒的,愤慨的indispensable adj.不可缺少的,绝对必要的induce v.indulgeinferenceinfiniteinflict v.inform v.inhabit v.inhibit v.initiate v.initiativeinject v.injure v.inquire v.insaneinsert v.insight n.insignificant adj.无关紧要的,无意义的inspiration n.灵感installment n.部分instant adj.立即的,直接的,方便的instantaneous adj.瞬间的,即刻的,即时的intact adj.完好如初的intact adj.完整无缺的,尚未被人碰过的integrate v.使成整体,一体化,合integrity n.正直,完整,完整性intelligible adj.可理解的intensify v.加强，强化intensive adj.强烈的,精深的,透彻的intent adj.专心的,决心的,热心的intention n.意图,目的interfere v.干涉,妨碍,打扰interval n.间隔,距离intervene v.干涉,干预,插入,介入interview n.&v.接见,会见intimidate v.胁迫intricate adj.复杂的,错综的,难以理解的intrigue n.阴谋,诡计；v.密谋,激起兴趣intrinsic adj.固有的,内在的,本质的intuitioninvade v.invert v.involve v.irritate v.isolate v.issue n.journalistjudge n.junctionlabel n.lacklamelastinglatentlatitudelatterlazinessleadleaflet n.leaklegend n.传说,图例legislation n.立法,法律的制定length n.长度,长,liability n.责任,义务,倾向liable adj.有责任的,有义务的,有...倾向的liberal adj.慷慨的,宽大的light n.光（线），灯；v.点燃,照亮；adj.轻的,发光的likely adj.很可能的,合适的liking n.爱好,嗜好limp v.跛行linger v.逗留,闲荡,拖延literacy n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力literal adj.文字的,照字面上的litter n.垃圾，废物；v.乱丢lively adj.活泼的,活跃的,真实的living n.生活,生计；adj.活的lodger n.寄宿者,投宿者lofty adj.高高的,崇高的,高傲的lonely adj.孤独的,寂寞的,偏僻的longitude n.经度,经线lubricate v.润滑,加润滑油luminous adj.发光的,明亮的magnifymaintainmanifestmanuallymark n.massivemedia n.mediatemenacemerge v.mess n.migratemild adj.mingle v.miniatureminimalminimizeminimummisery n.misfortune n.不幸,灾祸mobilize v.动员mock n.&v.嘲弄,挖苦modest adj.谦虚的,谦让的,适度的monopoly n.垄断,专利morality]n.道德；adj.道德的mortal adj.必死的,致命的mortgage n.&v.抵押motivation n.动机muddy adj.多泥的,泥泞的multiply v.繁殖,乘,增加multitude n.多数,群众muscular adj.肌肉的,强健的mutter n.&v.咕哝,嘀咕mutual adj.相互的，共有的naive adj.天真的narrative adj.叙述性的nasty adj.污秽的,淫秽的necessarily adv.必要地necessity n.必要性,需要,必需品neglect vt.忽视,疏忽negotiate v.商议,谈判,磋商nominalanominatenormalnotablenotify v.notion n.notoriousnourishnoveltynuisancenutritionobedientobject n.oblige v.obsceneobscureobviousoccupyodds n.offend v.offensiveoffer v.提供,出价omit v.省略,疏忽,遗漏opinion n.意见,看法,主张opportunity n.机会,时机oppress v.压迫,压抑optimism n.乐观,乐观主义optimistic adj.乐观的option n.选项,选择权optional adj.可选择的,随意的order n.次序,命令，定单；v.命令ordinary adj.平常的,普通的,平凡的oriental adj.亚洲的,东方的original adj.最初的,原始的,独创的originate v.引起,发起，起源ornament n.装饰物；v.装饰,修饰outbreak n.爆发,发作outstanding adj.突出的,显着的overflow v.泛滥,溢出overhear v.无意中听到,偷听overlap v.交迭overlook v.俯瞰,耸出,远眺, overt adj.明显的,公然的pace n.(panic n.paradoxparalyzepartialpassionpatent n.patheticpatrioticpeer n.penaltypensionperformperiodicperish v.permitperspective n.透视,远景,观点pile n.堆；v.堆积,堆叠pitch n.沥青plague n.瘟疫,麻烦,苦恼plausible adj.似是而非的plea n.恳求,请求,辩解plead v.辩护,恳求，借口pledge n.誓言v.发誓plunge v.投入,陷入point n.点,分数；v.指向,指出pollute v.弄脏,污染ponder v.沉思,考虑portray v.描绘pose v.造成，引起possession n.拥有,占有物,所有possibility n.可能性,可能发生的事物potential n.潜能；adj.潜在的pour v.灌注,倾泻,涌入poverty n.贫穷,贫困,贫乏practicable adj.能实行的,行得通的,可以实行的preach v.鼓吹precede v.领先,在...之前,先于precludepremisepreparepresentprestigepresumeprevalentpreventpreviouspriority n.privacyprivateprobe n.proclaimprofitableprofoundprogressprohibit v.禁止,阻止prolong v.延长,拖延prominent adj.卓越的，着名的，杰出的promising adj.有希望的,有前途的promote v.促进,发扬,提拔prone adj.倾向于propel v.推进,驱使properly adv.适当地,完全地property n.财产,所有权,特性propose v.计划,建议,求婚proposition n.主张,建议,陈述,命题prospective adj.预期的provision n.供应,供应品,预备provoke v.激怒,挑拨,煽动publish v.出版,公布,发表purchase n.&v.买,购买purify v.纯净,净化purpose n.目的,意图,效果pursuit n.追击puzzle n.难题,谜；v.迷惑qualification n.资格,条件,限制quantity n.量,数量queerquestionquitequiverquote v.rack n.radiantradicalrage n.raise v.random n.range n.rank n.rate n.reactionreadyrealityrealizereceiverecklessreckon v.rectify v.矫正,调整reduce v.减少,缩小,简化redundant adj.多余的refrain v.节制,避免,制止refuse v.拒绝,谢绝refute v.驳倒,反驳regard v.看待,重视,尊敬regardless adj.不管,不顾,不注意register v.登记，注册regular adj.规则的,有秩序的,经常的regulate v.管制,调节,校准reinforce v.加强,增援rejoice v.欣喜,高兴,喜悦relate v.叙述,联系relation n.关系,联系,叙述relatively adv.相关地release v.释放,放弃，发表reliance n.信任,信心,信赖relieve vt.减轻,解除,援救remarkable adj.不平常的,值得注意的,显着的remedy n.药物,赔偿；v.治疗,补救remove v.移动,开除,迁移repel v.replacerequestrequireresent v.reservereside v.residentresist v.responserestoreresult n.retain v.retort v.reveal v.revengereverserevise v.revive v.rewrite v.重写,改写ribbon n.丝带,带子rigid adj.刚硬的,刚性的,严格的rigorous adj.严格的,严厉的,严酷的riot n.&v.暴乱,骚动rival n.竞争对手v.与…匹敌rob v.抢夺,抢掠,剥夺roughly adv.概略地,粗糙地rude adj.粗鲁的,无礼的rush n.&v.匆促,冲进savage n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮的,未开化的,残忍的scale n.刻度,衡量,天平scarce adj.缺乏的,不足的,稀有的scared adj.恐惧的scene n.现场,情景,景色sceptical adj.怀疑的scold v.责骂,申斥,斥责scope n.范围,机会scorn n.&v.轻蔑,不屑scratch n.&v.搔,抓script n.手稿,手迹,剧本secure adj.安全的,可靠的seek v.segmentseize v.sentenceseparatesettle v.settlerseverelyshame n.share n.shattersheershiftshrewdshrink v.sight n.signal n.signifysingle adj.单一的,单身的skeptical adj.怀疑性的,好怀疑的slack v.松懈,松驰；adj.松弛的,疏忽的slap n.&v.拍,掌击slaughter n.&v.屠宰,残杀slight adj.轻微的,微小的smash v.打碎,粉碎smooth adj.平滑的,平静的snap v.猛地吸住,突然折断snatch n.&v.攫取sole adj.单独的,唯一的solitary adj.孤独的solution n.解答,解决办法some adj.一些,有些；pron.一些,有些sophisiticated adj.熟练的，先进的spacious adj.广大的,大规模的span n.跨度,跨距,范围spare v.节约；adj.多余的sparkle v.发火花,闪耀speciality n.特性,特质,专业specification n.详述,规格,说明书spectator n.观众，参观者splashsplit v.spoil v.spot n.staggerstain n.startlestatus n.stem v.stick n.stimulusstingstore vt.strengthstride v.strive v.strongstuff n.stumblestun v.subjective adj.主观的,个人的subordinate adj.次要的,从属的,下级的subscribe v.捐款,订阅,签署subtle adj.狡猾的,敏感的,微妙的summit n.顶点,最高阶层superiority n.优越,高傲supervise v.监督,管理,指导supplementary n.增补物；adj.附助的supply n.&v.补给,供给suppose v.推想,假设,猜想suppress v.镇压,抑制supreme adj.极度的,极大的,最高的surpass v.超越,胜过surplus n.剩余,过剩surprisingly adv.令人惊讶地survive v.幸免,生还susceptible adj.易受影响的,易感动的suspicious adj.可疑的,怀疑的sustain v.支撑,维持,持续swallow n.喉；v.咽,淹没,吞没symptom n.症状,征兆synthetical adj.综合的,合成的tackle n.tame adj.tear n.tedioustemper n.tend v.tendertense第28页共terrifytestifytheft n.theme n.thesis n.thrill v.tidy adj.tie n.tighttimidtoleranttoleratetoss v.投,掷tough adj.坚韧的,强壮的trace n.痕迹,踪迹；v.追踪,回溯track n.轨迹,足迹,途径tradition n.传统,惯例tragedy n.悲剧,悲惨,灾难tragic adj.悲惨的,悲剧的transaction n.办理,交易,事务transfer n.&v.运输transform v.转换,改变transition n.转变,转换,过渡translate vt.翻译,解释transmission n.播送,发射,传输transmit v.传输,转送,传达transplant v.移植,移种transport v.传送,运输,流放treat v.对待,款待tremendous adj.极大的,巨大的trifle n.琐事,少量,小事triple adj.三倍的trivial adj.琐细的,价值不高的,微不足道的trouble n.烦恼,麻烦；v.打扰tumble v.undergouniformunrealupdate v.urgentvacantvacuumvalidityvary v.verdictvicinityviciousview n.vigorousviolateviolentvirtualvirtue n.vision n.视觉,想象力,幻想visualize v.形象,形象化,想象void adj.空的,无效的vulgar adj.粗俗的,庸俗的vulnerable adj.易受攻击的,易受...的攻击warrant n.授权,正当理由，委任状wear v.穿,戴weary v.疲倦；adj.疲倦的,厌倦的weave v.编织,组合,编排whirl n.&v.旋转,回旋withdraw v.收回,撤消，撤退withhold vt.停止,拒给,阻挡witness n.证人,证据；v.目击,作证wonder n.奇迹,惊奇worship v.崇拜,敬神,尊敬wrap n.外套,围巾,包裹v.包装,覆盖,裹wreck n.失事,残骸；v.破坏wretched adj.可怜的,肮脏的wrinkle n.皱纹；v.使皱yield n.产量v.出产,屈服__。